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Upgrade an ITG Trunk 1.0 node to support ISDN signaling trunks

553-3001-202

Standard 1.00

April 2000

2

Select the card in which you are going to install the DCHIP hardware
upgrade kit. Disconnect T-LAN cable from faceplate (NTCW80AA
only) and label the cables for reconnection. Remove card from shelf or
cabinet. Place card on a static-safe surface. Avoid touching electronic
components.

3

Install the NTWE07AA DCHIP PC Card into the internal PC Card slot
on the ITG 8-port Trunk card that has been selected to provide the
DCHIP function (see Figure 43.)

4

Connect the NTCW84EA pigtail cable from port 0 of the DCHIP PC
Card to the J14 pin header on the motherboard of the DCHIP card (see
Figure 43). The cable routes the D-Channel signals to the backplane
and the I/O panel. The PC Card connector is keyed to allow insertion
only in the correct direction. The J14 pin header connector is not
keyed. Be careful to align the connector with the pin header.

Figure 43
DCHIP PC card and NTCW84EA pigtail cable

8 port DaughterBoard

DCHIP PC Card

NTCW84EA

Pigtail Cable

Pin header

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Summary of Contents for ISDN Signaling Link

Page 1: ...ment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules and the radio interference regulations of Industry Canada These limits are de...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ge 3 of 378 ITG Trunk 2 0 ISDN Signaling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation 4 Revision history April 2000 Standard release 1 00 This is a global document and is issued for X11 Release 25...

Page 4: ...Page 4 of 378 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000...

Page 5: ...paring ratios for ITG Trunk components 28 ITG ISL Trunk card description 28 Card roles 28 Card combinations 33 Interactions among card functions 34 ITG ISL Trunk card physical description 37 Faceplate...

Page 6: ...Fax support 61 Remote Access 62 Per call statistics support using RADIUS Client 63 Configuration 64 Messaging 64 SNMP MIB 66 MIB 2 support 66 ITG SNMP agent 66 Codec profiles 68 G 711 68 G 729A 68 G 7...

Page 7: ...urces 101 Link utilization 101 Estimate network loading caused by ITG traffic 102 Route Link Traffic Estimation 104 Decision Enough capacity 106 Insufficient link capacity 107 Other intranet resource...

Page 8: ...N or management subnet 132 Selecting public or private IP addresses 132 T LAN engineering 133 Setting the Quality of Service threshold for fallback routing 134 Basic setup of the ITG system 134 ITG Tr...

Page 9: ...stall shielded voice interface T LAN cable 167 Install shielded management interface E LAN cable 167 D channel cabling for the NT0961AA 24 Port ITG Trunk card 168 Large systems required cables and fil...

Page 10: ...de 199 Configure SNMP Traps Routing and IPs tab 204 Configure Accounting server 205 Set Security for MAT SNMP access 207 Exit node property configuration session 208 Create the ITG Trunk node dialing...

Page 11: ...grade kit 239 Upgrade the 8 port ITG basic trunk software to ITG ISL trunk software 239 Step 1 Remove ITG 1 0 configuration files 240 Step 2 Transmit ITG Trunk 2 0 software to the 8 port cards 241 Rem...

Page 12: ...when idle 273 Disable an indicated ITG port 273 Enable an indicated ITG card 273 Enable an indicated ITG port 273 Display ITG card ID information 274 Display ITG card status 274 Display ITG card port...

Page 13: ...292 Display ITG card ID information 292 Display ITG card status 292 Display ITG card port status 293 Maintenance 295 ITG Trunk 2 0 alarms 296 System level maintenance 302 Access the ITG card 303 ITG c...

Page 14: ...on and NT8D81BA cable replacement 333 NTMF94EA E LAN T LAN and Serial Port cable 333 NTCW84KA E LAN T LAN DCH Serial cable 336 NTAG81CA Faceplate Maintenance cable 338 NTAG81BA Maintenance Extender ca...

Page 15: ...ion from CIDR to dotted decimal format 357 Appendix D Configure a Netgear RM356 modem router for remote access 359 Security features of the RM356 modem router 359 Install the RM356 modem router 360 Co...

Page 16: ...Page 16 of 378 Contents 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000...

Page 17: ...s and explains how to engineer install configure administer and maintain a Meridian Internet Telephony Gateway ITG Trunk 2 0 system The ITG Trunk 2 0 compresses PCM voice demodulates Group 3 fax route...

Page 18: ...Page 18 of 378 About this guide 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000...

Page 19: ...a standard IP protocol stack The ITG ISL Trunk compresses voice and demodulates Group 3 Fax ITG then routes the packetized data over a private IP network for connections between Meridian 1 nodes bypas...

Page 20: ...In this document T LAN refers to the Telephony LAN that transmits the ITG voice and fax traffic E LAN embedded LAN refers to the management and signaling LAN for the Meridian 1 site ITG ISL Trunk dep...

Page 21: ...der these cards to support ISDN functionality A modem router must be installed on the E LAN in order to provide remote support access for ITG Trunk and other IP enabled Nortel Networks products The No...

Page 22: ...r Network Alternate Route Selection NARS 57 or 58 Required ISDN Base ISDN 145 Required ISDN Signaling Link ISL 147 Required MSDL 222 large systems Required QSIG Interface QSIG 263 large systems Option...

Page 23: ...to I O Panel ribbon cable assembly with a non removable Molded Filter Connector The NT8D81BA is compatible with 10BaseT T LAN but if you require a 100BaseT T LAN you need to replace it with the NT8D81...

Page 24: ...DCH Ports cable for the NT0961AA 24 Port ITG ISL Trunk DCHIP card NTCW84KA A0784208 E LAN T LAN and RS232 Ports cable for the NT0961AA 24 Port ITG ISL Trunk card NTMF94EA A0783470 E LAN T LAN RS232 a...

Page 25: ...for 100BaseTX included in Large Systems package NTCW84JA A0783483 Backplane to I O Panel ribbon cable assembly compatible with NTCW84JA I O Panel Filter Connector Block with ITG specific filtering for...

Page 26: ...uired for ITG ISL Trunk ISDN Base ISDN package 145 ISDN Signaling Link ISL package 147 MAT 6 6 or OTM 1 1 is required and must be ordered separately The MAT Alarm Notification application is not inclu...

Page 27: ...ipped with Molded Filter Connectors on the I O Panel Molded Filter Connectors were shipped in North America during a period from 1998 to 1999 Molded Filter Connectors can be used with 10BaseT T LAN co...

Page 28: ...eech into packets and supplies the packets to the IP network using a Pentium host processor The ITG ISL Trunk card monitors the IP network for delay latency and packet loss The card reroutes new calls...

Page 29: ...0 refers to the ITG ISL Trunk card initially configured to perform the role of the Active Leader The term Leader 1 refers to the ITG ISL Trunk card that is initially configured to perform the role of...

Page 30: ...le channels The Active Leader card selects this card to receive the new call The Active Leader sends a message to the selected Follower card informing it to reserve a channel for the new call It redir...

Page 31: ...nk cards The ITG ISL D channel only controls ITG ISL Trunk cards in the same ITG node MAT administration relates the cards with trunks to the DCHIP ITG Trunk card The ITG ISL Trunk card uses ISDN mess...

Page 32: ...s with the DCHIP ITG Trunk card providing the DCH connectivity If more than 382 trunks are required additional DCHIP ITG Trunk card groups are configured each with a maximum of 382 related trunks See...

Page 33: ...DCHIP 2 To support more trunks more DCHs can be added Each DCHIP card can support a maximum of 15 NT0961AA 24 Port Follower cards This limit is due to the maximum limit of 382 trunks in an ISL route...

Page 34: ...signment of IP addresses for all new ITG ISL Trunk cards in its node If a new ITG ISL Trunk card is added as a Follower the new Card Configuration data as programmed in MAT is downloaded only to the A...

Page 35: ...ence of an Active Leader and the rebooting Leader becomes the Active Leader The Backup Leader monitors the heartbeat of the Active Leader by pinging the Active Leader s Node IP In the event of the Act...

Page 36: ...e ITG node is put out of service If this situation occurs manual intervention is required to recover the system Active Leader Backup Leader and DCHIP card interaction The Active Leader checks the stat...

Page 37: ...n the faceplate and an alternative connection to the same serial port on the I O backplane Do not connect two maintenance terminals to both the faceplate and I O panel serial maintenance port connecti...

Page 38: ...nnectivity and messaging XPEC DCHIP PCMCIA ITG DSP D B Meridian 1 DSP D B MSDL XNET XNET DS 30X IP Network 10 100BaseT Voice fax 10BaseT Mgmt Signaling ISL DCH RS 422 MAT PC IPE Shelf SSD Trunk Signal...

Page 39: ...faceplate using the shortened lock latches as shown in Figure 5 Figure 5 ITG ISL Trunk card NT0961AA ITG NWK NT0966AA NWK Status Reset Maint Port A 553 9150 Ethernet Voice Port Card Status LED Etherne...

Page 40: ...HIP the card is active and has trunks but the trunks are disabled that is the trunks must be enabled in LD 32 Note During configuration the error message F 10 can appear This error indicates a missing...

Page 41: ...ur character LED based dot matrix display It shows the card boot sequence and is labeled with the card role as follows LDR Active Leader BLDR Backup Leader FLR Follower RS 232 maintenance port The ITG...

Page 42: ...tive connection to the serial maintenance port exists on the I O backplane Use the NTCW84KA or NTMF94EA I O panel breakout cable to access the port A DIN 8 serial maintenance port connection exists on...

Page 43: ...tion Page 43 of 378 ITG Trunk 2 0 ISDN Signaling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation Figure 6 Mechanical assembly ITG G200402 Motherboard Daughterboard Two Slot Faceplate PCI Connectors PC...

Page 44: ...ignaling link The analog ISL TIE trunks are for user voice transport If the D channel link is down call control returns to normal in band analog trunk signaling The ITG is similar to the existing ISL...

Page 45: ...ITG ISL Trunk supports the delivery of Calling Line Identification CLID and feature messaging ISL DCH signaling provides the necessary signaling connection over which data including CLID and feature s...

Page 46: ...service The ITG feature complies with H 323 Basic Call Q 931 signaling This part of the H 323 standard H 225 defines the messaging used to setup and release basic calls A mechanism is implemented to e...

Page 47: ...901 201 and ISDN PRI Maintenance 553 2901 501 Inter card signaling paths The Leader DCHIP and Follower cards communicate using their E LAN IP addresses Figure 9 illustrates the Meridian 1 IP signaling...

Page 48: ...ne of the MSDL s RS 422 ports The Leader Follower card messages normally travel over the T LAN The DCHIP messages travel over the E LAN a 10BaseT LAN connected to each ITG ISL Trunk card and the MAT P...

Page 49: ...ng plans The ITG Trunk dialing plan supports a single Meridian 1 customer per ITG node and multiple ITG nodes per Meridian 1 A customer may have multiple nodes in a Meridian 1 but each node can only s...

Page 50: ...unk connections including T1 ISDN PRI serves as the gateway to route voice calls coming through the LAN to the voice trunk Figure 10 shows DN 7000 placing a public call through the private LAN by dial...

Page 51: ...ry specific dialing plans FNP also allows users to dial numbers of varying lengths to terminate at a destination Flexibility of the number of digits which can be dialed is achieved using Special Numbe...

Page 52: ...ngle frame of silence or send silence background fill frames if these techniques are specified by the audio codec in use For applications that send no packets during silence the first packet after a s...

Page 53: ...good voice quality the ITG ISL Trunk card reassembles the voice packets in an ordered continuous speech stream and plays them out at regular intervals despite varying packet arrival times The user co...

Page 54: ...ble without too much degradation in voice quality Sporadic loss of small packets can be more acceptable than infrequent loss of large packets Packet delay Packet delay is the time between when a packe...

Page 55: ...r PING sends an Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP echo request message to a host expecting an ICMP echo reply This allows the measurement of the round trip time to a selected host By sending repe...

Page 56: ...everal components routing delay on the IP network frame duration delay and Jitter Buffer delay on codec and delay on the circuit switched network The determination of end to end delay depends on the d...

Page 57: ...outgoing calls from the near end Meridian 1 to the far end Leader are re routed through alternate circuit switched trunk facilities That is all calls that the switch is trying to setup established cal...

Page 58: ...o the IP network Unless the DCH is down and all trunks appear busy to the Meridian 1 it always introduces outgoing calls to the ITG node Each call is tested against the outgoing address translation an...

Page 59: ...y better interworking with different manufacturers routing equipment The extent of any improvement from setting these ToS bits depends on the network routing equipment Improvements can vary depending...

Page 60: ...re two ToS values configured one for control data and one for voice data there must be two route entries for the local subnet in the table If both table entries are not present a condition occurs wher...

Page 61: ...l are used for example payload size Some implications of the Fax call setup process are the following a voice codec must be configured even if only fax calls will be made both ends of the call must be...

Page 62: ...ss Remote Access is supported on the ITG Remote Access allows a MAT user with no ITG data including Nortel Networks support personnel to manage the ITG ISL Trunk card remotely Management and support o...

Page 63: ...Meridian 1 does not have direct access to per call statistics on the voice quality of the call These statistics are important for the purpose of the following make sure the network is providing the co...

Page 64: ...rds associated with the node Messaging The RADIUS client sends two records to the network listener one when the call is answered and one at the end of the call The messages are sent by the Follower ca...

Page 65: ...ss as the originating IP address The terminating Follower also generates a RADIUS record with that far end s IP address as the originating IP address and it s own IP address as the destination address...

Page 66: ...ard is composed of two parts the standard MIB 2 and extensions for the ITG ISL Trunk card MIB 2 support Support of MIB 2 is enabled by the use of the WindRiver SNMP agent WindNet The WindNet agent sup...

Page 67: ...G nodes in fallback that is PSTN operation Control of D channel state such as enable disable release establish Retrieval of DSP information such as DSP firmware DSP self test status card reset SNMP co...

Page 68: ...red for each codec in an image The ITG supports the following codecs G 711 G 729A G 729 G 723 1 G 711 The G 711 codec delivers toll quality audio at 64 kbit s This codec is optimal for speech quality...

Page 69: ...oice Activity Detection Silence Suppression is configurable through MAT 24 channels per card are supported with G 723 1 Three downloadable DSP profiles support the codecs shown in Table 4 Each codec s...

Page 70: ...used to bypass Direct Inward System Access DISA restrictions and avoid charges The following are the two levels of passwords for the ITG Administrator level Technical support level Administrator level...

Page 71: ...net for corporate data services A customer is expected to use the ITG system to move traffic from a PSTN based network to the intranet Voice and fax services which depended on circuit switched and Tim...

Page 72: ...oaded new calls to the ITG system fall back to normal circuit switched voice facilities so that the quality of service does not degrade for new calls The ITG product is for intranet use only ITG provi...

Page 73: ...ems operating under Class A EMC standards there are no restrictions For Option 11C and Option11C Mini the SDI DCH NTAK02BB card occupies one slot on the cabinet and is connected to the ITG card throug...

Page 74: ...t can tolerate high latency and jitter variation in latency Since IP supported the TCP transport layer which provided connection oriented and reliable transport IP took on the properties of being conn...

Page 75: ...urces in the corporate intranet are not enough to adequately support voice services it is normally caused by not enough WAN resources Assess WAN link resources on page 101 outlines how this check can...

Page 76: ...ti Call Second is a channel circuit being occupied 100 seconds 36 CCS is a circuit occupied for a full hour To calculate the bandwidth requirement of a route the total route traffic should be divided...

Page 77: ...s three ATM cells etc Within the same number of cells the bandwidth requirements are the same for packets with different sizes MAT input for FAX is in bytes ranged from 20 to 48 30 byte is the default...

Page 78: ...oad packet size for each codec in the MAT Note 3 T LAN data rate is the effective Ethernet bandwidth consumption Note 4 40 voice traffic reduction due to silence suppression no suppression for fax Not...

Page 79: ...s does not impact the data rate for fax since it does not have silence suppression enabled to begin with Simultaneous voice traffic with silence suppression When voice services with multi channel requ...

Page 80: ...8 28 3 G 723 1 5 3 kbit s 30 20 120 172 45 8 16 0 18 1 28 3 G723 1 6 3 kbit s 30 24 128 180 48 0 17 0 19 2 28 3 T 30 T 38 G3 Fax Modem 14 4 Kbit s 16 6 30 70 96 46 3 33 7 37 5 50 9 25 30 70 96 30 7 2...

Page 81: ...port TFC002 which provides CCS for each route A customer must provide the input about how much private network voice traffic is expected to be offered to the IP network 2 Calculate fax on IP Traffic C...

Page 82: ...average number of simultaneous callers Note This calculation requires perfectly queued and perfectly smooth traffic Tv 36 bandwidth output per port voice bandwidth per node Bv Tx 36 bandwidth output...

Page 83: ...4 4 kbit s and payload is 16 6 ms How many ITG ports are needed to meet P 01 blocking Grade of Service What is the traffic in kbit s generated by this node to T LAN 1 Calculate Voice on IP Traffic dur...

Page 84: ...e 108 General LAN and WAN engineering considerations The T LAN traffic capacity does not limit ITG network engineering Refer to Set up a system with separate subnets for voice and management on page 1...

Page 85: ...WAN can be loaded to 60 on each direction of the link A WAN route with bandwidth of 1 536 Mbit s or more can be loaded up to 80 voice packets must have priority over data a single DS0 WAN pipe 64 kbit...

Page 86: ...back The proper time to implement either setting is explained below 1 Make the ITG the first choice least cost entry in the route list block An ITG route should be configured with a higher priority lo...

Page 87: ...nd facility restriction levels to keep general modem traffic off the ITG route Configure the IP router on the T LAN The ITG node telephony network or T LAN must be placed on its own subnet The router...

Page 88: ...large ITG Trunk networks This rule covers very large nodes and networks with multiple ITG trunk routes per node To setup an incoming voice or fax call the Follower Card is responsible for communicati...

Page 89: ...lls are 100 incoming calls see Case II below then the call processing assistance real time is approximately 400 ms per call and the Leader Card can support 43 Follower Cards Note that the Leader Card...

Page 90: ...57 209 26 300 5948 10707 388 49 2974 5353 194 24 Table 8 8 Port ITG Leader Card RT Capacity G 711 10ms voice sample 4 or 8 ports configured Part 1 of 2 Case I 50 Call Origination 50 Call Termination C...

Page 91: ...46 68 4184 7531 273 34 50 6845 12320 446 56 3422 6160 223 28 100 5349 9629 349 44 2675 4814 174 22 150 4737 8527 309 39 2369 4264 155 19 200 4117 7410 269 34 2058 3705 134 17 300 3668 6603 239 30 1834...

Page 92: ...equal to 1 1 5 15 of CPU real time has been reserved for Network Monitoring Module It has been determined via measurements that the Leader card can support 1920 IP ports all codecs with payload sizes...

Page 93: ...Number of Follower Cards 0 18 29867 53760 1920 80 29867 53760 1920 80 20 29867 53760 1920 80 24781 44605 1593 66 22 29867 53760 1920 80 17736 31925 1140 47 24 21383 38490 1375 56 10692 19245 687 28 Ta...

Page 94: ...ervice Part 1 of 2 Trunks CCS Trunks CCS Trunks CCS Trunks CCS Trunks CCS 1 0 4 21 426 41 993 61 1595 81 2215 2 5 4 22 453 42 1023 62 1626 82 2247 3 15 7 23 480 43 1052 63 1657 83 2278 4 29 6 24 507 4...

Page 95: ...3 8 18 462 35 996 52 1548 69 2109 2 19 1 19 492 36 1028 53 1581 70 2142 3 39 6 20 523 37 1060 54 1614 71 2175 4 63 21 554 38 1092 55 1646 72 2209 5 88 22 585 39 1125 56 1679 73 2242 6 113 23 616 40 11...

Page 96: ...0 4162 143 4604 92 2880 105 3315 118 3755 131 4196 144 4638 93 2913 106 3349 119 3789 132 4230 145 4672 94 2947 107 3383 120 3823 133 4264 146 4706 95 2981 108 3417 121 3857 134 4298 147 4741 96 3014...

Page 97: ...diagram List the sites where the ITG nodes are to be installed List the site pairs with ITG traffic and the codec and frame duration payload to be used Obtain the offered traffic in CCS for each site...

Page 98: ...rds in an ITG system have the same image If multiple codec images are used in an ITG network the calls will default to the G 711 group when the originating and destination codecs are different The ITG...

Page 99: ...is network is G729 Annex AB Table 16 summarizes the WAN traffic in kbit s for each route Note that the recommended incremental bandwidth requirement is included in the column adjusted for 30 traffic p...

Page 100: ...s This is the incremental bandwidth required between Santa Clara and Richardson to carry the 60 CCS voice traffic during the busy hour Assume that 20 CCS of the 60 CCS between Santa Clara and Richard...

Page 101: ...city problems in the network Unlike LAN bandwidth which is virtually free and easily implemented WAN links especially inter LATA and international links take time to obtain financial approval provisio...

Page 102: ...on top of layer 2 services such as Frame Relay and ATM the router to router link is actually a virtual circuit which is subject not only to a physical capacity but also a logical capacity limit The te...

Page 103: ...exercise total the traffic flow from every site pair to calculate the load on each routed and loaded to the link Figure 13 Calculate network load with ITG traffic R1 R6 R3 R7 R2 Richardson Santa Clar...

Page 104: ...n the intranet is symmetric or not for each of the source destination pairs Use the J loose source routing option1 as shown in the following command syntax 5LFKDUGVRQ WUDFHURXWH J VDQWDBFODUDBLWJ ULFK...

Page 105: ...Link Traffic Estimation Links Traffic from R1 R4 Santa Clara Richardson Santa Clara Tokyo Ottawa Tokyo R4 R5 Santa Clara Richardson Santa Clara Tokyo Ottawa Tokyo R5 R6 Santa Clara Richardson Richard...

Page 106: ...y can take into account actual node link and routing information They also help you assess network resilience by conducting link and node failure analysis By simulating failures re loading network and...

Page 107: ...d to the default G 729 Annex AB codec with 30 ms payload the G 723 codecs use 9 to 14 less bandwidth Upgrade the link s bandwidth Other intranet resource considerations Bottlenecks caused by non WAN r...

Page 108: ...essing and buffering time 3 Look up a QoS chart Figure 5 6 7 or Table 24 to predict the QoS categories excellent good fair or poor 4 If a customer wants to manage the QoS in a more detailed fashion he...

Page 109: ...QoS for real time voice transport The ITG translates the QoS objectives set by the end users into IP oriented QoS objectives The guidelines call these objectives intranet QoS objectives Figure 14 Rela...

Page 110: ...the QoS level falls below the fall back threshold levels for that particular destination that call is not accepted by the originating ITG node instead the call is re routed by Meridian 1 ESN features...

Page 111: ...k 2 0 ISDN Signaling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation Figure 15 QoS levels with G 729A codec QOS levels with G 729A codec 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Pac...

Page 112: ...delines 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 Figure 16 QoS level with G 711A G 711U codec QOS level with G 711A G 711U codec 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Packet loss One wa...

Page 113: ...Trunk 2 0 ISDN Signaling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation Figure 17 QoS levels with G 723 QOS levels with G 723 codec 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Packet...

Page 114: ...DBFODUD GDWD E WHV E WHV IURP LFPSBVHT WWO WLPH PV E WHV IURP LFPSBVHT WWO WLPH PV E WHV IURP LFPSBVHT WWO WLPH PV E WHV IURP LFPSBVHT WWO WLPH PV E WHV IURP LFPSBVHT WWO WLPH PV E WHV IURP LFPSBVHT W...

Page 115: ...r using spreadsheet and other statistics packages You can check if the intranet s network management software has any delay measurement modules which can obtain a delay distribution for specific site...

Page 116: ...ility that the one way QoS is not met in one of the direction of flow This can be true even if the flow is on a symmetric route due to the asymmetric behavior of data processing services Late packets...

Page 117: ...nt it will not fallback to alternate facilities but the customer will have up to 50 chance to experience a service level inferior to excellent level As a contrast the site pair Santa Clara Ottawa whic...

Page 118: ...nitoring tools that include features like timestamping plotting and computation of standard deviation Decision does the intranet meet expected ITG QoS At the end of this measurement and analysis you s...

Page 119: ...twork engineering Further network analysis This section describes actions that could be taken to investigate the sources of delay and error in the intranet This and the next section discuss several st...

Page 120: ...size in bytes link bandwidth in kbit s Table 21 shows what the serialization delay for voice packets on a 64kbit s and 128kbit s link The serialization delay on higher speed links are considered negl...

Page 121: ...ed in kbit s where p is the link utilization level The average size of intranet packets carried over WAN links generally lies between 250 and 500 bytes Figure 18 displays the average queueing delay of...

Page 122: ...for voice packets arriving at the destination ITG The purpose of the jitter buffer is to smooth out the effects of delay variation so that a steady stream of voice packets can be reproduced at the des...

Page 123: ...which links should be considered for upgrading first list all the intranet links used to support the ITG traffic which can be derived from the WUDFHURXWH output for each site pair Then using the intra...

Page 124: ...ectly affect the end to end delay Lowering the voice playout settings decreases one way delay but the decrease comes at the cost of giving less waiting time for voice packets that arrive late Refer to...

Page 125: ...djust jitter buffer size on page 124 Routing issues Unnecessary delay can be introduced by routing irregularities A routing implementation may overlook a substantially better route A high delay variat...

Page 126: ...ly a best of breed solution This for example would improve the quality of data services even though most applications may not perceive a reduction of say 50ms in delay Improving the network results in...

Page 127: ...Congestion is detected by packet losses and when that happens the throughput is quickly throttled down and the whole cycle repeats When multiple TCP sessions flow over few bottleneck links in the intr...

Page 128: ...y utilized and low bandwidth WAN links Routers that are TOS aware and support class based queuing can help reduce queueing delay of voice packets when these packets are treated with preference over ot...

Page 129: ...ifferentiation is created by having VCs with different QoS classes Internet Protocols and Ports Used by ITG The following IP applications and protocols are used by ITG 2 0 and must be transmitted acro...

Page 130: ...dedicated subnets separated by a router The ITG cards have two Ethernet ports per card so the ITG system can support two different networks for the voice interface Telephony LAN or T LAN and manageme...

Page 131: ...0 systems with only 24 port cards must configure a dual subnet The following restrictions apply The Leader 0 and Leader 1 cards must co reside on a single T LAN with the Node IP Address Follower cards...

Page 132: ...tination nodes can be on the same subnet 3 In test labs training centers and trade shows it is common for destination nodes to be located on the same LAN segment and subnet You must not place other IP...

Page 133: ...be accessed selectively over the Internet Public IP addresses Public IP addresses can be used for the T LAN and E LAN but will consume limited resources This will have the same result as the private...

Page 134: ...eader and Follower cards on separate Ethernet hubs but served by the same router In this design the ITG node can provide voice services when one of the hubs fails The ITG node and the T LAN router sho...

Page 135: ...ese codecs using the MAT ITG interface You can select from three DSP profiles on the ITG Trunk card Profile 1 is the default setting Profile 1 G 711 G 729A Fax Profile 2 G 711 G 723 1 Fax Profile 3 G...

Page 136: ...ing for some of the users Too much consecutive coding and encoding by G 729 Annex AB G 723 6 3K G 723 5 3K or G 729A codecs can lower the end to end quality of service To maintain an acceptable QoS on...

Page 137: ...32 on page 202 To change the current DSP VAD state to match the current VAD configuration retransmit card properties from MAT When silence is detected the ITG node sends a flag to the destination ITG...

Page 138: ...ize the jitter buffer Compute the standard deviation of one way delay for that flow It is recommended that the jitter buffer size should not be set smaller than 2 Post installation network measurement...

Page 139: ...low some threshold value so that calls between those site pairs are in a required QoS level The graphs of Figures 15 to 17 with the QoS measurements should help the technician determine what threshold...

Page 140: ...t loss and standard deviation statistics can be computed See Measure intranet QoS on page 114 for information about implementation of the ping hosts and the use of scripting See Obtain QoS measurement...

Page 141: ...elps confirm if the theoretical QoS settings match what end users perceive The feedback can come from a Helpdesk facility and must include information such as time of day origination and destination p...

Page 142: ...han that estimated by the delay probe The codec is G 711A or G 711U The voice packets formed by these codecs are larger 120 to 280 bytes than the delay probe packets 60 bytes This means there is great...

Page 143: ...mation in this table are Nortel Networks proprietary Table 24 ITG QoS levels Part 1 of 4 Packet loss One way delay ms QoS level G 729A G 711A G 711u G 723 1 0 50 200 excellent excellent excellent 0 21...

Page 144: ...50 270 good good good 2 280 300 good good fair 2 310 320 good fair fair 2 330 510 fair fair fair 2 520 580 fair fair poor 3 50 250 good good good 3 260 good good fair 3 270 460 fair fair fair 3 470 49...

Page 145: ...fair fair fair 5 370 400 fair fair poor 6 50 200 good good fair 6 210 330 fair fair fair 6 340 380 fair fair poor 7 50 140 good good fair 7 150 310 fair fair fair 7 320 340 fair fair poor 8 50 290 fai...

Page 146: ...poor 12 50 230 fair fair fair 12 240 260 fair fair poor 13 50 230 fair fair fair 13 240 250 fair fair poor 14 50 210 fair fair fair 14 220 230 fair fair poor 15 50 190 fair fair fair 15 200 230 fair f...

Page 147: ...n each MAT PC client should have more than the minimum RAM requirements of 32 Mb and the recommended RAM is 64 Mb or more If the data is stored on a MAT server the application launch time will increas...

Page 148: ...cal node via the ITG Management LAN or a remote node via the WAN The remote access capabilities are provided via a modem router that has access to any of the ITG Management LANs The Remote MAT PC conn...

Page 149: ...ached to a LAN to provide multi user multi site access The MAT applications and database must reside on a LAN Server with each client accessing the files from the server Note The server used for MAT i...

Page 150: ...client applications it is important for the network drive to be mapped the same from each PC if a MAT user is expected to be able to login to the network with their network login ID at any MAT client...

Page 151: ...Cs for security reasons MAT PC hardware and software requirements The list below provides the recommended minimum PC hardware and software recommended to run MAT 6 6 Other applications launched while...

Page 152: ...nt configurations two or more MAT PCs sharing the same database the common data is stored on a server PC that does not run MAT Estimate the size of the required disk space on this server using the Dat...

Page 153: ...ired LAN and WAN networking equipment and cables are installed For networking equipment requirements turn to ITG Engineering Guidelines on page 71 The ITG Trunk card requires shielded cables 4 ITG Tru...

Page 154: ...he DCHIP card Configure ISDN feature in customer data block Configure ITG ISL trunk cards and units Configure dialing plans within the corporate network Disable the ITG Trunk cards page 174 page 174 p...

Page 155: ...Card Properties and Dialing Plan to Leader 1 and Follower cards page 215 page 216 page 218 page 219 page 220 6 Set date and time for the ITG ISL Trunk node page 222 7 Change the default ITG shell pass...

Page 156: ...gement MAC address and Card Density should be recorded during the ITG Trunk 2 0 hardware installation D Channel number and CHID should be recorded during the Meridian 1 configuration All E LAN and T L...

Page 157: ...r_________ T LAN Node IP address_____________________________________________ T LAN gateway router ________________T LAN subnet mask__________________ E LAN gateway router ________________E LAN subnet...

Page 158: ...n 1 IPE backplane and I O panel At least one DCHIP card must be installed in an ITG ISL Trunk node You must install the D Channel DCH PC Card and the associated NTCW84EA DCHIP PC Card Pigtail cable on...

Page 159: ...ard slots selected for the ITG card s Use the recorded information from the ITG Trunk Installation Summary Sheet Figure 27 on page 157 2 Remove any existing I O panel cables associated with any card p...

Page 160: ...See Figure 22 The cable routes the D Channel signals to the backplane and the I O panel The PC Card connector is keyed to allow insertion only in the correct direction The J14 pin header connector is...

Page 161: ...l NTCW84JA Large System I O Panel 50 Pin filter adapter For Large Systems the standard filtering is provided by the 50 Pin filter adapters mounted in the I O Panel on the back of the IPE shelf The fil...

Page 162: ...Note Make sure to use the I O panel connector which corresponds to the left slot number of the DCHIP card 2 First remove the NT8D81AA Backplane to I O Panel ribbon cable assembly which will be connect...

Page 163: ...a two slot card only the leftmost slot is counted for the card slot number Example for an ITG Trunk 2 0 card installed in slots 2 and 3 the slot number is 2 For more detailed cabling information and p...

Page 164: ...O connectors provided Cables that are provided for the E LAN and T LAN interface functions include the NTMF94EA E LAN T LAN and RS232 Port cable for non DCHIP cards the NTCW84KA E LAN T LAN RS232 and...

Page 165: ...N Signaling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation Figure 24 NTCW84KA E LAN T LAN DCH and serial cable Shielded RJ 45 Cable Mounting Screw Shielded 25 Pair Mating Coupler Shielded RJ45 Amphen...

Page 166: ...orresponds to the left slot number of the DCHIP card 2 Secure the mounting screw provided on the top of the Shielded 25 Pair Amphenol Connector to the I O Panel filter connector in order to tie the sh...

Page 167: ...Note When connecting the ITG card to the T LAN the link status LED on the ITG card faceplate associated with the voice interface will light green when the connection is made and the link status LED on...

Page 168: ...orts cable the NTND26AA MSDL DCH cable Set NT6D80 MSDL switches 1 Set the switches in the NT6D80 MSDL card as shown See Table 28 for more information Table 28 NT6D80 MSDL settings for ITG ISL Trunk DC...

Page 169: ...ket for the 15 pin I O panel filter connector in one of the two smaller openings J2 J3 J4 J5 of the I O panel of the IPE Module that contains the DCHIP card 2 Install the 15 pin I O panel filter conne...

Page 170: ...SDL card to the outward side of the 15 pin filter connector installed in the I O panel of the IPE Module that contains the DCHIP card See Figure 27 The NTND26 DCHI Interface Cable Assembly is availabl...

Page 171: ...or Core Net Module that contains the MSDL card 7 Install the 15 pin I O panel filter connector on the inward side of the bracket 8 Obtain the correct length of the NTND26 DCHI Interface Cable Assembl...

Page 172: ...ich the SDI DCH card is installed 3 If the DCHIP card is installed in the main cabinet with the SDI DCH card then use NTWE04AD SDI DCH Extension Cable 1 ft from the NTCW84KA DCH P5 connector to the NT...

Page 173: ...port of a local PC running TTY terminal emulation If required use an NTAG81BA Maintenance Extender cable to provide an extension between the NTAG81CA PC Maintenance cable and the PC COM port For remot...

Page 174: ...ridian 1 for the DCHIP card Table 31 LD 17 Configure the ISL D channel for the ITG DCHIP card Large Systems Part 1 of 3 Prompt Response Description REQ CHG Add new data TYPE ADAN Type of data block AD...

Page 175: ...SLM xxx Integrated Service Signaling Link Maximum CHIDs where x 1 382 ISLM is the maximum number of ISL trunks controlled by the D channel There is no default value BPS 64000 64000 is default and is r...

Page 176: ...k ADAN NEW DCH x Action Device and Number where x 0 79 CTYP DCHI Card Type SDI DCH card configure the option switches and jumper straps on the SDI DCH for RS422 DTE mode operation CDNO 1 9 Card number...

Page 177: ...is no default value SIDE USR Meridian 1 Option 11C SDI DCH card acts as User side of ISL ITG Trunk DCHIP card acts as the Network side of ISL RLS 25 Release ID of PBX at the far end of the D Channel I...

Page 178: ...alls Note By default the INAC feature puts all ESN call types except for CDP under AC1 You enable or disable INAC per trunk route in LD16 in the IDSN section of the route data block ISDN YES NO You mu...

Page 179: ...ute as defined in LD 15 ROUTE xxx Route Number where x 0 511 DES ITG ISL TRUNK 16 character designator is ITG ISL TRUNK Specific description if more than one ITG Trunk route exists TKTP TIE Trunk Type...

Page 180: ...SL D Channel in the configuration record PNI 0 32700 Private Network Identifier You must configure the PNI to 1 or other non zero value to support Meridian Customer Defined Network MCDN features that...

Page 181: ...By default the INAC feature puts all ESN call types except for CDP under AC1 If any call types must go under AC2 for INAC use LD15 to configure them at the AC2 prompt at the customer data block ICOG I...

Page 182: ...s Part 1 of 3 Prompt Response Description REQ NEW XX Add new data where xx 1 8 for NTCW80 8 port ITG Trunk card xx 1 24 for NT0961AA 24 port ITG Trunk card When using REQ NEW XX configure only one ITG...

Page 183: ...1 23 the ITG card management IP address XTRK ITG2 Extended Trunk Type ITG Trunk card 2 slot assembly MAXU XX Maximum number of ports on this ITG card where xx 24 for the NT0961AA 24 port ITG Trunk car...

Page 184: ...erties Card Configuration and First CHID field for this card The standard First CHID matches the trunk route member number for the trunk unit 0 in order to facilitate administration and maintenance ST...

Page 185: ...0 as required Configure the Meridian 1 ESN by creating or modifying data blocks in overlays 86 87 and 90 as required The Meridian 1 and MAT ITG Trunk dialing plan information must correspond Make the...

Page 186: ...SN5 network signaling ITG Trunk 2 0 supports ESN5 Network Signaling protocol only in addition to standard i e non network signaling ITG 2 0 supports a mixed network consisting of ESN5 and standard net...

Page 187: ...block in LD86 since this will impact all trunk access for ESN calls New Flexible Code Restriction NFCR can be used to block direct access to trunk routes for stations with CLS CTD Note When adding ITG...

Page 188: ...l stations trunks and routes when setting TGAR YES in the ESN block Table 37 LD 86 Configure route list block with Step Back on Congestion on ISDN Part 1 of 2 Prompt Response Description REQ NEW Add n...

Page 189: ...t used for non call associated signalling digit manipulation can be defined on the ITG ISL Trunk node dialing plan in the Digits dialed tab SBOC RRA Step Back on Congestion Re route all Enter RRA at t...

Page 190: ...data CUST xx Customer number associated with this function as defined in LD 15 FEAT NET Feature Network translation tables TRAN AC1 AC2 Translator Access Code 1 NARS BARS Access Code 2 NARS TSC NPA NX...

Page 191: ...you must get all the IP addresses for the new ITG Trunk node from your network administrator and add them to your installation summary sheet Use the installation summary sheet to facilitate data entry...

Page 192: ...Properties window The following sections describe the windows that appear when you click on each of these tabs Add a node and configure general node properties Perform the following steps to add a nod...

Page 193: ...etworks Separate subnets implies separate port groups on hubs or switches for T LANs and E LAN and separate IP Gateway Router interfaces with one subnet per router interface For traffic reasons you sh...

Page 194: ...ou accepted the default setting Use separate subnets perform steps a d a Enter the Voice LAN Node IP b Enter the Management LAN gateway IP c Enter the Management LAN subnet mask d Enter the Voice LAN...

Page 195: ...up Leader To add an ITG card to the node perform the following steps 1 From the General tab click the Configuration tab If you selected the single subnet option in the General tab the Voice IP and Voi...

Page 196: ...esses for Leader 0 and Leader 1 on the Card Configuration tab must be on the same Voice or T LAN subnet Note 2 Each Follower card can optionally have their Voice IP and Voice LAN gateway IP on a diffe...

Page 197: ...n the same Voice Management E LAN subnet 5 Enter the Card TN For Large Systems card TNs are validated for loop shelf and card separated by dashes For Small Systems only the card number is required 6 S...

Page 198: ...1 0 Basic Trunk nodes or Nortel Networks IP Telephony Connection Manager Use H323 V2 node capability for these nodes Once you define a DCHIP for the ITG Trunk node the protocol field is greyed out wh...

Page 199: ...ofile tab see Figure 30 The General tab displays a detailed description of the default DSP Profile 1 2 Change the default DSP profile from the drop down list box if required There are three DSP profil...

Page 200: ...Page 200 of 378 Install and configure ITG ISL Trunk node 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 Figure 30 DSP Profile General tab...

Page 201: ...n parameters if required To revert to the default settings click Reset Defaults Figure 31 ITG Node Properties DSP Profile Options tab CAUTION The default DSP Profile Option settings for each codec are...

Page 202: ...g calls and shows advanced codec parameters for the selected codec Perform steps 6 and 7 if required To revert to the default settings click Reset Defaults Figure 32 ITG Node Properties DSP Profile Co...

Page 203: ...Control and Voice 1 Enter the DiffServ TOS value for Control and Voice if required to obtain better QoS over the IP data network LAN WAN Do not change from default value of 0 unless instructed by IP...

Page 204: ...rties to the ITG trunk cards 1 Click SNMP Traps Routing and IPs tab see Figure 33 2 Check the Enable SNMP traps check box to enable sending of SNMP traps to the SNMP managers that appear in the list Y...

Page 205: ...you add the SNMP trap IP addresses for remote subnets in the Card Routing Table entries IP address field 4 Configure the Card routing table entries 5 Enter IP address and subnet mask for management ho...

Page 206: ...configured in the Card Routing Table entries as discussed in Configure SNMP Traps Routing and IPs tab on page 204 4 Change the default port number from the default 1813 if required 5 Enter the key Th...

Page 207: ...ing of files for database synchronization Note If you forget the community names connect a TTY to the ITG card maintenance port Restart the card The card displays the community name on the tty during...

Page 208: ...e dialing plan using MAT on page 213 A dialing plan consists of a number of ITG Trunk destination nodes and one or more dialing plan entries for each destination node You select a destination node def...

Page 209: ...The ITG Dialing Plan Remote Node Properties window appears and displays the General tab see Figure 36 The default Node drop down list reads Not defined on this MAT PC and the Node IP address field is...

Page 210: ...mall systems the choices are SL1 or SL1 ESN5 In addition to ITG ISL Trunk nodes the IP telephony trunk network may contain ITG Trunk 1 0 Basic Trunk nodes or Nortel Networks IP Telephony Connection Ma...

Page 211: ...the ESN digit manipulation tables The CTYP in the route data block defaults to unknown UKWN Note Two sets of digits are leftwise unique if one set of digits is not identical to the leading digits of t...

Page 212: ...the Called Number digits in the ISDN Signalling Call Setup message sent by Meridian 1 after digit absorption insertion and manipulation by Meridian 1 3 Number of leading digits to delete The number o...

Page 213: ...ialing plan to the new node 1 In the IP Telephony Gateway ISDN IP Trunk Main Window select an existing ITG Trunk node which has a dialing plan similar to one you are creating for the new ITG Trunk nod...

Page 214: ...MAT database 11 Click Close to close the ITG Retrieve Options window and return to the IP Telephony Gateway ISDN IP Trunk Main window 12 Select the new node and double click to open its Node Propertie...

Page 215: ...iguration data Perform the following procedures in any order before transmitting configuration data Install the ITG Trunk cards in the Meridian 1 IPE modules or cabinets and cable them to the T LAN an...

Page 216: ...84KA Management Port DCH and Serial I O cable for DCHIP cards or the NTMF94EA E LAN T LAN RS232 Ports cable for non DCHIP cards to create a more permanent connection to the ITG Trunk card serial maint...

Page 217: ...TG shell commands are case sensitive A space separates the command from the first parameter The three parameters must each be enclosed in quotation marks and there must be a comma and no spaces separa...

Page 218: ...Passthru terminal or use a Meridian 1 system management terminal directly connected to a TTY port on the Meridian 1 Use the overlay 32 DISI command to disable the ITG cards when idle In the MAT IP Tel...

Page 219: ...ters a state of active leader The faceplate display shows LDR The Leader 1 card is now autoconfigured as a Leader reboots automatically and enters the state of backup leader The faceplate display show...

Page 220: ...gement Gateway router IP address Repeat this step every time a card is reset until the card properties containing the card routing table entry IP addresses have been successfully transmitted to each c...

Page 221: ...SDN IP Trunk Main window select menu Configuration Synchronize Transmit 4 Leave the radio button default setting of Transmit to selected nodes Check the Card Properties and Dialing Plan check boxes 5...

Page 222: ...n 4 Set the correct date and time 5 Click OK The clock is updated immediately on the Active Leader card Leader 0 or Leader 1 which in turn updates the other cards in the ITG ISL Trunk node Change the...

Page 223: ...password are now stored in the non volatile RAM on the ITG card and will be retained even if the card is reset powered off or on To reset the ITG shell password to its default setting see Reset the de...

Page 224: ...fault or user modified login and password 4 VxWorks login itgadmin Password itgadmin ITG esn5PrefixShow 5 At the ITG prompt enter esn5PrefixSet 1xx where xx the NCOS value as shown in the example in F...

Page 225: ...are release from each card is the latest recommended software release for ITG ISL Trunk by connecting to a Nortel Networks website that contains the latest software versions for the NT0961 24 port car...

Page 226: ...is not required Turn to Configure MAT Alarm Management to receive SNMP traps from ITG ISL Trunk cards on page 231 b If versions are different go to step 6 8 Fill in the Name Phone number and Company f...

Page 227: ...sh and verify that the card status is showing Disabled If the card status shows unequipped configure the card in LD14 1 Open MAT Click on Services and launch the ITG ISDN IP Trunks application 2 Selec...

Page 228: ...uccessful for all card TNs The cards continue to run the old software until rebooted Click the Close button and go to step 6 b If you are transmitting new software to a node containing a mix of card d...

Page 229: ...rds have been reset and have successfully rebooted the Card state column shows disabled active for Leader 0 disabled standby for Leader 1 disabled for Followers 9 Double click each upgraded card Click...

Page 230: ...l PC Card Slot use 0 The DCHIP card checks whether or not it is a Leader card If it is a Leader card it copies the DCHIP PC Card software from its own C drive If it is not a Leader card it will FTP th...

Page 231: ...For the procedure to activate SNMP trap generation on the ITG Trunk node see Configure SNMP Traps Routing and IPs tab on page 204 Enter the IP address of the MAT PC as described in the procedure refer...

Page 232: ...Install and configure ITG ISL Trunk node 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 5 Select the Devices txt file from the Control Files folder and click Open The Devices txt file opens Figure 41 Open Dev...

Page 233: ...s and not processed Do not begin any of the lines defining ITG devices with 7 Click File Save 8 In the Alarm Notification Run Options window click OK MAT Alarm Notification must be restarted whenever...

Page 234: ..._gen command from the ITG shell A series of SNMP traps is emitted by the ITG card and appears in the MAT Alarm Notification browser window Verify the device name identifies the correct ITG card The pr...

Page 235: ...same network Upgrade procedure summary 1 If required select at least one 8 port trunk card to support DCHIP functionality In some cases a new 24 port card will support DCHIP functionality 2 Install DC...

Page 236: ...to check the latest recommended ITG software release is http www nortelnetworks com itg The browser prompts you to enter a user name and password The default user name is usa The default password is...

Page 237: ...DCH card minimum vintage NTAK02BB Be sure to install the I O panel breakout cable for the SDI DCH card If cards are in place make sure each card has an available port 8 Check that the customer site h...

Page 238: ...o the internal PC Card slot on the ITG 8 port Trunk card that has been selected to provide the DCHIP function see Figure 43 4 Connect the NTCW84EA pigtail cable from port 0 of the DCHIP PC Card to the...

Page 239: ...Trunk card use the NTCW84LA I O Panel breakout cable 1 For the large system locate the I O connector that corresponds to the leftmost card slot of the ITG 8 0 port that is undergoing the hardware upgr...

Page 240: ...o management LAN gateway then the Gateway IP address is 0 0 0 0 and where zzz zzz zzz zzz is the subnet mask for the management IP address of Leader 0 on the E LAN Note 1 All ITG shell commands are ca...

Page 241: ...successful completion of the clearLeader command Note You enter clearLeader command even when you remove configuration files from Follower cards Step 2 Transmit ITG Trunk 2 0 software to the 8 port ca...

Page 242: ...ou can Telnet to the card from MAT but MAT shows the card status as Not Responding MAT ITG SNMP MIB is incompatible with the ITG 8 port software version In this case the software upgrade must be execu...

Page 243: ...pgrade on Leader 0 telnet to the IP address of the Leader 0 card Leader 0 is the only card that has an IP address configured at this stage of the upgrade Enter the following command ITG swVersionShow...

Page 244: ...slation tables then you will use the same route number when you build the new ITG ISL TIE route and the RLB entries will still be correct You must remember to make certain changes to the RLB entry in...

Page 245: ...use ESN digit manipulation tables for the ITG ISL Trunks Note You need to determine which RLBs are used for the ITG trunks You need to know which ESN translations are using the ITG RLB 8 Inspect entri...

Page 246: ...are Browse for the software image file on the MAT PC When you find the software image file open it from the Browser so the path and file name appear in the MAT ITG Transmit window 4 Leave the radio bu...

Page 247: ...g the ITG shell CLI and overlays on page 275 If MAT is temporarily unavailable you can perform many OA M tasks from the ITG shell as an alternative method MAT OA M procedure summary Delete a node on p...

Page 248: ...ony Gateway ISDN IP Trunk window 3 Select Delete from the menu 4 The dialog box in Figure 46 appears Click Yes to confirm the deletion of the ITG node The ITG node and all related ITG cards are delete...

Page 249: ...in the same node at the same time as you the second user is given the option of overriding the lock If the second user decides to override the lock and you have made changes and then clicked OK or Ap...

Page 250: ...ines the number of DSPs at run time when the property sheet opens If the card is not responding the number of DSPs is unknown and no DSPs are displayed The D channel only appears in the tree control i...

Page 251: ...line The log file contains error messages The OM file contains the current Operational Measurements Setting the node time is required during initial node installation MAT sets the Leader card s time T...

Page 252: ...is not responding the value is set to Unknown Note For more information about maintenance commands see Maintenance on page 295 DSP maintenance window Note If the ITG card is not responding no DSP icon...

Page 253: ...channel maintenance If the ITG card has D channel hardware the tree on the left hand side of the window contains the D channel Click on the D channel and the D channel Maintenance window appears This...

Page 254: ...is set to Changed for each card in the node The card does not have to be disabled You can view the dialing plan data sorted by digits dialed select menu View Digits Dialed To return to the remote node...

Page 255: ...Enable Disable status QoS value Dialing Plan Entry Properties General window In the ITG Dialing Plan window select menu Configuration Add The property sheet shown in Figure 50 appears Use this proper...

Page 256: ...for the change to begin When you select Not defined on this MAT PC the Node IP edit box is empty and you must define the Node IP When you delete the node in the Main ITG window the node is set to Not...

Page 257: ...L Description Installation and Operation Dialing Plan Entry Properties Digits Dialed window Click on the Digits dialed tab In this window define the digit sequence s for dialing remote nodes see Figur...

Page 258: ...l remote nodes in this node dialing plan For example 011 and 0112 are not leftwise distinct 011 and 012 are leftwise distinct The maximum number of strings is limited only by hard disk space Scroll ba...

Page 259: ...card It also downloads the dialplan file to each card The ITG Main window displays the synchronization status of each of these fields Changes to the first two tabs General and Card Configuration in th...

Page 260: ...1 00 April 2000 To transmit configuration data select cards in the ITG Main window select a transmit option and click on Start transmit MAT transfers the data to the appropriate cards using FTP Figure...

Page 261: ...gins the Close button is disabled You must cancel the active transmission before the window can close The View last transmit button displays the results of the last transmission in the list box When a...

Page 262: ...e MAT ITG nodes from the MAT Disaster Recovery Backup to temporarily create a copy of the ITG ISL Trunk node configuration on for maintenance and diagnostic purposes For example you can create a copy...

Page 263: ...TG ISDN IP Trunks icon from the Services folder The IP Telephony Gateway ISDN IP Trunk window opens 2 In the IP Telephony Gateway ISDN IP Trunk window select the drop down menu Configuration Node Add...

Page 264: ...Page 264 of 378 OA M using MAT applications 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 Figure 54 Retrieve ITG node window...

Page 265: ...mplete 9 Refresh the card status from the View menu and check that the cards in the new node are responding Retrieve and add an ITG ISL Trunk Node for maintenance and diagnostic purposes Use this proc...

Page 266: ...the card properties and dialing plan currently stored in the MAT database MAT provides a report that shows cards where the data matches and cards where the data is different To view the differences us...

Page 267: ...m the ITG cards on the node Note 2 Select Card Properties to add a node on MAT by retrieving from an existing node that contains more than one card Note 3 Select any combination of check boxes as indi...

Page 268: ...e OM Report window appears see Figure 55 b To generate a report immediately click Generate OM Report now to prepare a report immediately MAT prepares the report and displays the information in a csv s...

Page 269: ...e file on the MAT PC or server or in the OM files These files are only backed up when you select the Disaster recovery option This option backs up all MAT data and can only be used to restore all data...

Page 270: ...nistration commands Disable the indicated ITG card on page 272 Note 1 The ITG card must be disabled before card properties can be transmitted from the MAT ITG application to the card Note 2 The card r...

Page 271: ...lays the same ITG card serial number that is displayed from the ITG shell using the serialNumShow Display ITG card status on page 274 Display ITG card port status on page 274 A summary list of ITG Mer...

Page 272: ...lf c card ENLU l s c u Enable the described unit where l loop s shelf c card u unit IDC l s c Print the Card ID information for the described card where l loop s shelf c card STAT l s c Print the Meri...

Page 273: ...e following command Enable an indicated ITG card To enable a indicated ITG card in LD 32 use the following command Enable an indicated ITG port To enable a indicated ITG port in LD 32 use the followin...

Page 274: ...of a indicated ITG card in LD 32 use the following command Display ITG card port status To display the status of a port on the ITG card in LD 32 use the following command IDC l s c Display the card ID...

Page 275: ...dure summary You can perform the following OA M tasks from the ITG shell Change the default ITG shell password to maintain access security on page 278 Reset the default ITG shell password on page 279...

Page 276: ...ceplate of the ITG Leader 0 card through an NTAG81CA PC Maintenance cable If required use an NTAG81BA Maintenance Extender cable to provide an extension between the NTAG81CA PC Maintenance cable and t...

Page 277: ...must confirm to complete the login There is a 20 minute Telnet shell activity time out limit Telnet to an ITG card through the MAT PC 1 In the MAT Navigator window select the IP Telephony Gateway icon...

Page 278: ...5 To prevent the loss of diagnostic data from the ITG card if the Telnet session terminates unexpectedly you must enable logging of Telnet sessions on your MAT PC From the Telnet Terminal menu select...

Page 279: ...itgadmin This procedure requires physical access to the ITG card You cannot perform this procedure through Telnet 1 Connect a terminal to the ITG card maintenance port 2 Press the reset button on the...

Page 280: ...y then the Gateway IP address is 0 0 0 0 and where zzz zzz zzz zzz is the subnet mask for the management interface on Leader 0 7 Do not leave the card with the default user name and password See Chang...

Page 281: ...s on the ITG card DSPNumShow Display ITG Node Properties ITG enter the following command to display information about an ITG node IPInfoShow The following ITG node information appears on the TTY IP ad...

Page 282: ...t The bootptab 1 file transferred by the bootPFileGet and bootPFilePut commands contains node properties information The dptable 1 file transferred by the DPAddrTGet and DPAddrTPut commands contains t...

Page 283: ...er it has been correctly transferred to the ITG card To avoid damaging the configuration files and ITG card only use the hostFileGet command under the direction of Nortel Networks support personnel ho...

Page 284: ...gFilePut hostname username password directory path filename Upgrade ITG card software from the command line interface Use this procedure when the preferred method described in Transmit new software to...

Page 285: ...ed from Nortel Networks containing the latest ITG card software version You can update the ITG card software version on the PC card by copying the file from your PC hard disk to the PC card which is i...

Page 286: ...he file can be put onto the C drive of the ITG card serving as the FTP host 2 Use the swDownload command to copy the software from the PC card to the ITG card flash ROM device using the FTP client and...

Page 287: ...e 3 Use the BootPFilePut command with the appropriate parameters to backup the Node Properties file to the FTP host 4 Use the DPAddrPut command with the appropriate parameters to backup the Dialing Pl...

Page 288: ...ard in two ways Reset the card and monitor the start up messages Use the configFilePut command to backup the Card Properties file to an FTP host and subsequently use a text editor to open the Card Pro...

Page 289: ...m the MAT ITG application to the card Note 2 The card reset button is only available in the MAT ITG application when the card is disabled Note 3 Disabling the ITG card in overlay 32 does not disable t...

Page 290: ...shelf c card DISI l s c Disable the indicated card when idle where l loop s shelf c card Note you should use the DISI command to disable the ITG card instead of the DISC command The disablement of the...

Page 291: ...ITG port To disable a indicated ITG port in LD 32 use the following command STAT l s c Print the Meridian 1 software status of the indicated card where l loop s shelf c card STAT l s c u Print the Mer...

Page 292: ...ITG card ID information To display the ITG card ID in LD 32 use the following command Display ITG card status To display the status of a indicated ITG card in LD 32 use the following command ENLC l s...

Page 293: ...0 ISDN Signaling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation Display ITG card port status To display the status of a port on the ITG card in LD 32 use the following command STAT l s c u Display th...

Page 294: ...Page 294 of 378 OA M using the ITG shell CLI and overlays 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000...

Page 295: ...ystem level maintenance shows how to maintain the ITG card using Meridian 1 overlays or a MAT PC ITG shell command set shows how to maintain the ITG card using the ITG s card command line interface IT...

Page 296: ...ugh MAT ITG card properties by clicking on the Open Log File button on the Maintenance tab of ITG card properties If enabled in MAT ITG Node Properties SNMP Trap Routing table IPs tab SNMP sends appro...

Page 297: ...overy from ITG0203 Recurrent QoS fallback and recovery can indicate network faults far end ITG Trunk node failure or network QoS configuration errors ITG0102 Ethernet voice port restored to normal ope...

Page 298: ...page 321 ITG0206 Invalid A07 message received Message discarded A07 is a message signaling interface between Meridian 1 and the ITG Trunk 2 0 card Verify that the card type is correctly configured in...

Page 299: ...ard ITG0300 Memory allocation failure Check configuration Indicates a dynamic memory allocation problem If this occurs frequently contact Nortel Networks technical support ITG0301 DSP channel not resp...

Page 300: ...ekeeper configuration file Using default settings Major Alarms Immediate intervention required These alarms indicate an irrecoverable failure of the ITG card Normal operation can only be restored thro...

Page 301: ...erting to previous version if any ITG0410 Remote leader not responding May have incorrect IP address or can be a network error ITG0411 Failed to start UDP server for intercard messaging Cannot open a...

Page 302: ...Target processor Software upgrade aborted ITG0450 D channel loss of signal Associated channels busied out ITG0451 D channel hardware failure Associated channels busied out ITG0452 Meridian 1 messagin...

Page 303: ...connection is established the serial connection will not be active as telnet access has priority The telnet session must be terminated in order for the serial connection to become active ITG card ove...

Page 304: ...e indicated card where l loop s shelf and c card DISU l s c u Disable the indicated unit where l loop s shelf c card and u unit ENLC l s c Enable the indicated card where l loop s shelf and c card ENL...

Page 305: ...d IP addresses When cards are added deleted or changed the trunk designators must be updated MAT maintenance commands When changing DSP parameters in MAT disable the ITG card s ports before downloadin...

Page 306: ...oice port QoS Minor Threshold Exceeded The QoS minor alarm threshold has been exceeded dspResetAttempted One of the DSP devices has failed and an attempt has been made to reset it dspResetFailed An at...

Page 307: ...ages and severe events are logged in one single LOG file ITG shell command set ITG shell commands are designed to supplement overlay commands and to introduce new features specific to the ITG platform...

Page 308: ...usage ifShow Show detailed network interface information including MAC and IP addresses IPInfoShow This command will return the following IP information IP addresses for both management and voice netw...

Page 309: ...race log tLanSpeedSet Set the Speed of the T LAN tLANDuplexSet Set the duplex mode of the T LAN logout Exit the shell ping Test remote host is reachable ping host numPackets option This command sends...

Page 310: ...ute is added to the network portion of the routing table Multiple route entries for a single destination are possible if they are entered with this command as the ToS and subnetmask values are used to...

Page 311: ...t hostname username password directory path filename Update the address table on the ITG card with the address table file on the indicated host account and path The ITG host starts an FTP session with...

Page 312: ...uest hostfileDir hostFile txt C ITGFILEDIR ITGFILE TXT 1 currOmFilePut hostname username password directory path filename The omFilePut task on the ITG host starts an FTP session with the given parame...

Page 313: ...ostname username password directory path filename The bootpFilePut task on the ITG host starts an FTP session with the given parameters and downloads the ITG card s bootp file to the indicated locatio...

Page 314: ...does not erase the IP parameters in NVRAM Example ITG nvramLeaderClr NVRClear Clear IP parameters in NVRAM Example ITG NVRClear setLeader IP address IP gateway subnet mask The one command that does a...

Page 315: ...PPcmLpbkTestOn Start PCM loopback test on the indicated DSP Example ITG DSPPcmLpbkTestOn DSPPcmLpbkTestOff Stop PCM loopback test on the indicated DSP Example ITG DSPPcmLpbkTestOff DSPSndLpbkTestOn St...

Page 316: ...ge packet loss number of Fallback to PSTN calls Table 55 DCHIP only commands Command Description DCHenable Enable the DCH application on the card DCHdisable Disable the DCH application on the card DCH...

Page 317: ...lts of the power up self test and diagnostics on a maintenance terminal The initial tests performed include 8051XA controller self test including ROM checksum onboard RAM and timer tests external data...

Page 318: ...base code performs the following tests flash integrity test PGA read write test PCMCIA controller test also tests the PCI bus Timer and DMA tests DSP test Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA testing Be...

Page 319: ...T software When the maximum number is reached MAT prevents you from configuring more Flash storage upgrades These are provided through standard 5 Volt ATA compatible PCMCIA Flash cards When installed...

Page 320: ...he ITG card 4 Select the cards from the main card list view that are to be upgraded Upgrade all the cards in the node together unless installing a spare card that has older software 5 Disable all ITG...

Page 321: ...have been reset and have correctly rebooted they respond to the MAT ITG status refresh that is disabled active disabled backup disabled 14 These cards should remain in the disabled state after the up...

Page 322: ...identify that it is the T LAN Ethernet connection so that you can later reattach it to the replacement card If the card that is to be replaced is an 8 port NTCW80CA or a 24 port NT9061AA card disconn...

Page 323: ...the pattern described for example remaining continuously flashing or weakly lit replace the card Note 2 Observe the ITG Faceplate Maintenance display to see start up self test results and status messa...

Page 324: ...nnect the T LAN to the card faceplate 15 In the MAT IP Telephony Gateway ISDN IP Trunk Main window select menu View Refresh and check that the replacement ITG card status is showing Unequipped Check c...

Page 325: ...5 Use the LD 32 ENLC command to re enable the ITG card 6 In the IP Telephony Gateway main window select menu View Refresh The card status displays Enabled 7 Check the TN management interface MAC addre...

Page 326: ...ils to recover after the reset a dspResetFailed alarm is raised and that DSP is marked as unusable Any channels associated with that DSP will cease to respond to the Meridian 1 and are ultimately take...

Page 327: ...onds and then re seat it in the IPE shelf If the failure continues replace the card DCH failure This section covers the following three types of DCH failure which can affect the ITG card DCH link fail...

Page 328: ...d insertion and removal There is a single interruption shared for insertion and removal events and a single interruption for device specific interruptions Socket Services identify which socket origina...

Page 329: ...e which test failed For example if the timer test T 05 fails F 05 is displayed If more than one test fails the message displayed indicates the first failure If self tests T 10 T 17 fail the display co...

Page 330: ...CEMUX FPGA T 15 F 15 Programming DSP FPGA T 16 F 16 Testing CEMUX interface T 17 F 17 Testing EEPROM T 18 F 18 Booting host waiting for response with self test information PT 0 PF 0 Pentium module su...

Page 331: ...mes out From the keyboard of a terminal attached to the local maintenance port enter to escape from bootp request mode and start ITG shell for manual configuration BIOS Card is running the ROM BIOS Th...

Page 332: ...nd is running backup leader tasks or the card is configured as a leader and is missing its node properties Transmit node properties from MAT FLR Card has detected the active leader and is running Foll...

Page 333: ...84LA and NTCW84MA cables This appendix also explains how to replace the NT8D81BA ribbon cable with the NT8D81AA ribbon cable If you have a network that uses 100 Base T and you have an NT8D81BA ribbon...

Page 334: ...1BA cable replacement 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 Figure 58 NTMF94EA E LAN T LAN and serial port cable Shielded RJ 45 Cable Mounting Screw Shielded 25 Pair Mating Coupler Shielded RJ45 Amphe...

Page 335: ...ame P2 P3 P4 Color P1 21 BSOUTB P2 2 Red P1 22 BDTRB P2 4 Green P1 25 SGND P2 5 Brown P1 45 BSINB P2 3 Blue P1 46 BDCD P2 1 Orange P1 47 BDSRB P2 6 Yellow P1 9 SHLD GRND P1 25 SHLD GRND P1 43 SHLD GRN...

Page 336: ...ice ports with one RS232 port and D channel signalling The DCH serial I O port has a 15 pin male D type connector to connect to the MSDL cable On Large Systems the NT8D81AA cable connects all 24 tip a...

Page 337: ...lor P1 21 BSOUTB P2 2 Red P1 22 BDTRB P2 4 Green P1 25 SHLD GND P2 5 Brown P1 45 BSINB P2 3 Blue P1 46 BDCDB P2 1 Orange P1 47 BDSRB P2 6 Yellow P1 5 P2 SHLD GRND P1 6 P2 SHLD GRND P1 8 P2 SHLD GRND P...

Page 338: ...cable directly to the 9 pin D type RS232 input COM port on a standard PC See Figure 60 and Table 59 P1 44 TX P4 2 White Orange P1 10 P5 2 Black P1 13 P5 10 Red P1 11 P5 9 Black P1 14 P5 11 White P1 3...

Page 339: ...on Installation and Operation Figure 60 NTAG81CA PC maintenance cable Table 59 NTAG81CA Faceplate Maintenance cable connections Signals ITG Side 8 pin Mini DIN ITG Side Male 9 pin D sub PC Side Female...

Page 340: ...cable The 3m NTAG81BA cable connects the NTAG81CA cable to a PC or terminal It has a 9 pin D type connector at both ends one male one female See Figure 61 and Table 60 Figure 61 NTAG81CA Maintenance...

Page 341: ...cable The NTCW84EA pigtail cable connects port 0 of the DCH PC Card to the J14 pin header on the motherboard The cable routes the D Channel signals to the backplane and the I O panel The PC Card conne...

Page 342: ...ge 342 of 378 Appendix A Cable description and NT8D81BA cable replacement 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 Figure 62 NTCW84EA pigtail cable ITG G200X15 NTCW84EA Pigtail cable DCH PCMCIA Pin Heade...

Page 343: ...pin I O panel Filter Connector on the Network shelf The male port of the NTMF04BA mates with the female15 way D sub port of the NTCW84KA See Figure 63 and Table 62 Table 61 NTCW84EA pigtail cable conn...

Page 344: ...Table 62 NTMF04BA MSDL extension cable connections P1 Male P2 Female Color Signal P1 2 P2 2 Black SDA P1 10 P2 10 Red SDB P1 9 P2 9 Black STA P1 11 P2 11 White STB P1 4 P2 4 Black RDA P1 12 P2 12 Gre...

Page 345: ...9 way D type connection plus the Dchannel port brought out on a 15 way D type connection The NT8D81AA cable is used to bring all 24 tip and ring pairs on Large System from the backplane to the I O pan...

Page 346: ...1BA cable replacement 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000 Figure 64 NTMF94LA upgrade cable Shielded RJ 45 Cable Mounting Screw Shielded 25 Pair Mating Coupler Shielded RJ45 Amphenol Connector To Hub...

Page 347: ...gnal Name P2 P3 P4 Color P1 21 BSOUTB P2 2 RED P1 22 BDTRB P2 4 GREEN SGRND P2 5 BROWN P1 45 BSINB P2 3 BLUE P1 46 BDCDB P2 1 ORANGE P1 47 BDSRB P2 6 YELLOW P1 25 SHLD GRND P1 50 SHLD GRND P1 18 RXDB...

Page 348: ...AI P4 9 BLACK P1 14 STBI P4 11 WHITE P1 35 RDAI P4 4 BLACK P1 38 RDBI P4 12 GREEN P1 36 RTAI P4 5 BLACK P1 39 RTBI P4 13 BLUE P1 12 CTS P4 8 BLACK P1 37 TRI P4 15 YELLOW P1 15 GRND P4 1 BLACK P1 25 SH...

Page 349: ...ory 5 RJ45 cable to connect to the customer s T LAN E LAN equipment 1 Connect the customer provided shielded Category 5 LAN cable to the external LAN equipment Ensure that the external LAN equipment i...

Page 350: ...ne are designated by the slot number L0 through L9 for NT8D11 L0 through L15 for NT8D37 and the shroud row 1 2 and 3 Using these designations the slot positions in the first slot are referred to as L0...

Page 351: ...t of the pair of card slots viewed front the front in which you installed the ITG ISL Trunk card 2 Disconnect filter from I O panel using screwdriver and needle nose pliers Retain fasteners 3 Power do...

Page 352: ...tained hardware 2 Install NT8D81AA ribbon cable connectors in IPE module backplane shroud Be sure to install the connector so the label is facing right with the arrow pointing up and the connector is...

Page 353: ...ments of performance under test conditions of temperature and shock Table 65 ITG temperature and humidity specifications Specification Minimum Maximum Normal operation Recommended 15 C 30 C Relative h...

Page 354: ...chanical specifications Specification Minimum Maximum Mechanical Operating 5 200 Hz 0 1 g Two hours per axis Non operating 5 100 Hz 0 5 g 100 200 Hz 1 5 g 30 min per axis 30 min per axis Shock Handlin...

Page 355: ...country or area covered by each regulation Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC Table 68 lists the electromagnetic emissions regulations met by the ITG card with the country s standard that lists each re...

Page 356: ...ce EMC standard Table 69 Electro magnetic immunity Regulation identifier Regulatory agency CISPR 22 Sec 20 Class A I O conducted noise IEC 801 2 level 4 ESD Basic Standard IEC 801 3 level 2 Radiated I...

Page 357: ...mal format can have a value from 0 to 255 where 255 represents binary 1111 1111 To convert a subnet mask from CIDR format to dotted decimal format 1 Divide the CIDR format value by 8 The result is equ...

Page 358: ...fields in the dotted decimal format they have a value of 0 The complete subnet mask in dotted decimal format is 255 255 240 0 Table 70 CIDR format remainders Remainder of CIDR format value divided by...

Page 359: ...ter integrates the functions of a V 90 modem a PPP remote access server an IP router and a 4 port 10BaseT Ethernet hub and provides a range of security features that may be configured so as to comply...

Page 360: ...AN gateway requires either a cross over 10BaseT Ethernet cable or a special up link port on the 10BaseT hub to which the RM356 is connected 2 When the modem router is connected to the AC power source...

Page 361: ...ion to the modem router Configure the RM356 modem router by the manager menu Configuring the RM356 modem router by the manager menu can be completed from a terminal or PC connected to the local RS232...

Page 362: ...etup is displayed 9 Use the space bar to toggle DHCP None 10 Under TCP IP Setup type in the IP address and the IP subnet mask for the modem router s Ethernet interface on the E LAN 11 Toggle RIP Direc...

Page 363: ...o spaces Toggle Active Yes No for security purposes Destination IP address can be the default network route 0 0 0 0 or a specific network or host route for greater security The gateway IP address is t...

Page 364: ...P Start Addr type in the E LAN IP address that will be assigned to the Dialup Networking DUN PPP client on the remote MAT PC Note The remote MAT PC will receive this E LAN IP address whenever DUN make...

Page 365: ...entication is required for the user profile CLID depends on providing a C O line subscribed for CLID service for the modem router s telephone line connection Set Idle Timeout 1200 seconds to provide 2...

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Page 374: ...Page 374 of 378 Appendix D Configure a Netgear RM356 modem router for remote access 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000...

Page 375: ...ity 36 card index 36 card polling 42 circuit switched trunks 72 client 64 client systems 29 codec 68 76 codecs 68 compression algorithm 68 connectors 350 control packets 59 D data packets 59 daughterb...

Page 376: ...21 23 monitoring 30 monitors 57 motherboard 36 40 42 N North American dialing plan 49 NT0966AA 37 NT8D37 IPE Modules cable connections 350 NT8D37BA IPE Modules 350 NT8D37EC IPE Modules 350 NTAK02BB S...

Page 377: ...ling Link ISL Description Installation and Operation T T 30 61 62 T 30 protocol 61 tandem node 30 tandem switch 50 78 thresholds 54 translation table 50 Type of Service 59 V V 17 62 V 21 62 V 27 62 V...

Page 378: ...Page 378 of 378 Index 553 3001 202 Standard 1 00 April 2000...

Page 379: ......

Page 380: ...ice pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules and the radio interference regulations of Industry Canada These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equi...

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