Frecnbrf gjvtotybz
Hfccnjzybt9 yf rjnjhjv uhjvrjujdjhbntkb hfcgjkfuf.ncz jn cnty
rjvyfns9 vj;tn dkbznm yf ehjdtym yb;yb[ xfcnjn7 Hfcgjkj;tybt
uhjvrjujdjhbntktq ,kb;t r eukfv rjvyfns dspsdftn ,jkmibq ds[jl
yb;yb[ xfcnjn9 hfpvtotybt uhjvrjujdjhbntktq yf ,jkmitv hfccnjzybb
jn eukjd utythbhetn vtymibq ds[jl yb;yb[ xfcnjn7 Rjvyfns c
hfpkbxysvb hfpvthfvb d lkbye9 dscjne b ibhbye zdkz.ncz ,jktt ghtl-
gjxnbntkmysvb lkz kexituj djcghjbpdtltybz yb;yb[ xfcnjn7 Gj
djpvj;yjcnb9 hfpvtofqnt uhjvrjujdjhbntkb nfr9 xnj,s jyb ,skb
yfghfdktys dljkm lkbyyjq cntys lkz ,jktt =aatrnbdyjuj yfgjkytybz
rjvyfns vepsrjq7 Lheubvb ckjdfvb9 tckb ibhbyf rjvyfns !) aenjd
5# v89 f lkbyf @) aenjd 5^ v89 nj hfpvtofqnt lbyfvbrb e !)-aenjdjq 5# v8
cntys7 D =njv ckexft ,eltn vtymit jnhf;tybq pderf jn cntys b ntv
cfvsv j,tcgtxbdftncz ,jktt tcntcndtyyjt pdexfybt7
Lkz ljcnb;tybz kexituj cnthtjajybxtcrjuj pdexfybz lbyfvbrb
ljk;ys yf[jlbnmcz yf jlbyfrjds[ hfccnjzybz[ jn cjjndtncnde.ib[
,jrjds[ cnty7 Tckb hfccnjzybt jn jlyjuj lbyfvbrf lj ckeifntkz cbkmyj
jnkbxftncz jn hfccnjzybz lj lheujuj lbyfvbrf jn ckeifntkz9 nj =nj
vj;tn dkbznm yf cnthtjajybxtcrbq =aatrn7 Nfrbv j,hfpjv9 bltkmyfz
gjpbwbz nfrjdf9 rjulf lbyfvbrb yf[jlzncz yf jlbyfrjdjv hfccnjzybb
jn ckeifntkz7
Hfcgjkj;tybt lbyfvbrjd
Jcyjdyjt ghfdbkj lkz hfcgjkj;tybz lbyfvbrjd nfrjdj6 hfccnjzybt
vt;le lbyfvbrfvb b ckeifntktv ljk;yj ,snm jn jlyjuj lj lde[
hfccnjzybq vt;le lbyfvbrfvb7 Yfghbvth9 tckb lbyfvbrb hfcgjkj;tys
yf hfccnjzybb yt vtytt ^ aenjd 5!9* v8 lheu jn lheuf 5xnj zdkztncz
bltfkmysv hfccnjzybtv89 kexitt gjkj;tybt lkz ckeifntkz ,eltn yf
elfktybb ( aenjd 5@9$ v87
Dctgjk.cyjq rheujdjq uhjvrjdjhbntkm
HDT-R,
hfpvti∑yysq yf
,jrjds[ cntyf[ bkb yf pflytq cntyt9 lf∑n ghjcnhfycndtyysq rheujdjq
=aatrn c vbribhjdfybtv ,tp ≥pjy vjkxfybz÷ c ahjynfkmyjq gjpbwbb
lj nskf7
Ghb hfpvtotybb yf ,jrjds[ cntyf[ hfcgjkfufqnt
HDT-R
ytvyjuj
cpflb gjpbwbb ghjckeibdfybz yf dscjnt ghbvthyj ^ aenjd7 Ghb
hfpvtotybb yf pflytq cntyt
HDT-R
cktletn gjlyznm ghb,kbpbntkmyj yf
dscjne ^ aenjd c hfccnjzybtv yt vtytt % aenjd vt;le ybvb7 D j,jb[
ckexfz[ df;yj hfpvtofnm uhjvrjujdjhbntkm yt vtytt ! aenf jn k.,s[
juhfybxbdf.ob[ gjdth[yjcntq lkz njuj9 xnj,s gjkexbnm gjkysq =aatrn
ghjcnhfycndtyyjuj dctgjk.cyjuj hfcghjcnhfytybz pderf7 Bvtqnt9
gj;fkeqcnf9 d dble9 xnj =nj — kbim j,ott erfpfybt9 b xnj bltfkmyjt
hfcgjkj;tybt pfdbcbn jn hfpvthjd b ajhvs gjvtotybz7 Ytpyfxbntkmyst
bpvtytybz d hfcgjkj;tybb vjuen gjdktxm pf cj,jq ceotcndtyyst
bpvtytybz rfxtcndf pdexfybz7 Gj=njve hfccvfnhbdfqnt lfyyst
bycnherwbb kbim d rfxtcndt jnghfdyjq njxrb b9 =rcgthbvtynbhez c gjcnt-
gtyysv bpvtytybtv gjpbwbb9 cnfhfqntcm jgnbvbpbhjdfnm htpekmnfns7
Cntyljdjt hfpvtotybt
Dscjnf9 yf rjnjhjq hfpvtoftncz uhjvrjujdjhbntkm9 vj;tn d
pyfxbntkmyjq vtht dkbznm yf tuj pdexfybt9 gj=njve lbyfvbr dscjrb[
xfcnjn ljk;ty hfcgjkfufnmcz ghbvthyj yf ehjdyt eitq ckeif.otuj9
yf[jlzotujcz d cblzxtv gjkj;tybb7 Vs yfcnjzntkmyj htrjvtyletv
bcgjkmpjdfybt cntylf dscjnjq ghb,kbpbntkmyj @$ l.qvf9 dsgjkytyyjuj
ghtlgjxnbntkmyj bp vtnfkkf7 Cntyl yflkt;fotq dscjns cjkblyjq
rjycnherwbb ufhfynbhetn jgnbvfkmyjt rfxtcndj djcghjbpdtltybz pderf7
Cjjnyjitybt hfccnjzybz lj ckeif.otuj yt jrfpsdftn dkbzybz yf
pdexfybt ghb ds,hfyyjv cgjcj,t hfpvtotybz9 yj gthbvtnh hfcgjkj;tybz
yf rfxtcndj pdexfybz dkbztn7 Hfpvtotybt yf cntylt gjpdjkztn ljcnbuyenm
jgnbvfkmyjt rfxtcndj pdexfybz9 tckb ghb =njv cktljdfnm erfpfybzv9
bpdtcnysv gjl yfpdfybtv ≥ghfdbkj nhtntq÷7 +nf ajhvekf ghtlgbcsdftn9
xnj rjvyfnf ljk;yf ,snm hfpltktyf yf nhb hfdys[ xfcnb9 nfr xnj,s
lbyfvbrb hfcgjkfufkbcm d gthdjq nhtnb rjvyfns7 Ckeifntkm hfcgjkfuft-
ncz dj dnjhjq nhtnb rjvyfns9 nfr xnj,s nhtnmz nhtnm rjvyfns ,skf pf
tuj cnj vj;tn ,snm nhelyj jceotcndbvj yf ghfrnbrt bkb c
nheljv ,eltn cjukfcjdsdfnmcz c j,cnfyjdrjq9 yj9 gj rhfqytq vtht9
cnfhfqntcm cj,k.lfnm cjjndtncnde.oe. lbcnfywb. jnyjcbntkmyj
,jrjds[ b pflyb[ cnty7
HDT-F
ljk;ys ecnfyfdkbdfnmcz yf hfccnjzybb
@–# aenjd9 bkb gj rhfqytq vtht9 ! aen7 Yt cnhtvbntcm r cj,k.ltyb.
jlbyfrjds[ hfccnjzybq vt;le lbyfvbrfvb b pflytq b ,jrjdsvb cntyfvb
rjvyfns9 nfr rfr =nj vj;tn dspsdfnm jnhbwfntkmysq =aatrn dcktlcndbt
jnhf;tybz pderf7
Rfr njkmrj gjl[jlzott hfcgjkj;tybt uhjvrjujdjhbntkz yfqltyj9
ds,thbnt pyfrjve. dfv pfgbcm9 xnj,s jghtltkbnm9 gjpdjkztn kb
hfpvtotybt lbyfvbrf ljcnbuyenm yfbkexituj rfxtcndf djcghjbpdtltybz
vepsrb9 frecnbxtcrjq dbpefkbpfwbb b ,fkfycf njyjd7 Pfntv ds vj;tnt
yfcnhjbnm nh∑[njyfkmysq gthtrk.xfntkm gj dfitve drece9 [jnz lkz
=rdfkfqpthf chtlytuj lbfgfpjyf ybprb[ xfcnjn htrjvtyletncz
ytqnhfkmyfz gjpbwbz 5gjkj;tybt ≥cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf÷87
Hfpvtotybt d irfaf[ bkb d vt,tkmys[ cntyrf[
J,obt erfpfybz lkz hfpvtotybz uhjvrjujdjhbntktq d irfaf[ bkb
d vt,tkmys[ cntyrf[ jcnf.ncz ntvb ;t9 xnj b lkz hfpvtotybz uhjvrjujd-
jhbntktq yf cntylf[9 jlyfrj ytcrjkmrj ljgjkybntkmys[ inhb[jd
gjpdjkzn lj,bnmcz jgnbvfkmyjuj djcghjbpdtltybz pderf lf;t yt d cfvs[
jgnbvfkmys[ gjpbwbz[7
Gj djpvj;yjcnb cnfhfqntcm hfpvtofnm uhjvrjujdjhbntkb
pfgjlkbwj c dytiytq uhfym. irfaf7 Tckb =nj ytdjpvj;yj9 dldbymnt
uhjvrjujdjhbntkm duke,m irfaf yfcrjkmrj =nj ytj,[jlbvj9 b yfcnhjqnt
=rdfkfqpth chtlytuj lbfgfpjyf ybprb[ xfcnjn yf ≠!9% ltwb,tkkf7 +nj
gjpdjkbn crjvgtycbhjdfnm lbahfrwb.9 dspdfyye. frecnbxtcrbv
=rhfybhjdfybtv pf cx∑n hfcgjkj;tybz uhjvrjujdjhbntkz yt dhjdtym c
dytiytq uhfym.9 b lfcn d htpekmnfnt xbcnjt pdexfybt d lbfgfpjyt chtlyb[
xfcnjn7 Gjlj,yfz yfcnhjqrf ljk;yf bcgjkmpjdfnmcz nfr;t d nt[ ckexfz[9
rjulf uhjvrjujdjhbntkm ljk;ty hfpvtofnmcz gjpflb k.,jq j,nzyenjq
vfnthbtq ctnrb yf irfae bkb yf vt,tkmyjq cntyrt7 D =njv ckexft
cybvbnt ctnre c
HDT-F
b yfcnhjqnt =rdfkfqpth chtlytuj lbfgfpjyf yf
≠!9% ltwb,tkk7
Bcgjkmpeqnt htpbyjdst ghjrkflrb bkb pjkjnst yj;rb9 rjnjhst
yf[jlzncz cybpe
HDT-F,
lkz njuj9 xnj,s bp,t;fnm dkbzybz djpvj;yjuj
ybprjxfcnjnyjuj htpjyfycf7
<tcrjytxysq =rhfy bkb dcnhjtyyst bcgjkytybz
Rjhgecyjt bcgjkytybt
HDT-F,
rjycnherwbz d dblt yfdtcyjuj irfaf
b yfcnhjqrf lbfgfpjyjd ltkf.n tuj bltfkmysv lkz hfpvtotybz dyenhb
cnty gj cgtwbfkmysv pfrfpfv7 Gjlj,yj njve9 rfr =nj bvttn vtcnj d
ckexft hfpvtotybz uhjvrjujdjhbntktq d yfdtcyjv irfae bkb d
vt,tkmyjq cntyrt9 ghb hfpvtotybb dyenhb cnty
HDT-F,
gj djpvj;yjcnb9
ljk;ys hfpvtofnmcz pfgjlkbwj cj cntyjq7 Ghbktufybt uhjvrjujdjhbntkz
r njhwtdsv uhfyzv cntys ljk;yj ,snm rfr vj;yj ,jktt gkjnysv9 nfr
xnj,s pfpjhs vt;le uhjvrjujdjhbntktv b cntyjq ,skb9 gj djpvj;yjcnb9
vbybvfkmysvb9 d bltfkmyjv ckexft9 xnj,s pfpjhjd yt ,skj cjdctv7 Tckb
uhjvrjujdjhbntkm ljk;ty lhfgbhjdfnmcz vfnthbtq9 nj ctnre c
HDT-F
cktletn rdfkfqpth chtlytuj lbfgfpjyf ybprb[ xfcnjn cktletn
gthtdtcnb bp gjkj;tybz ≥cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf÷ d gjkj;tybt
≥pfgjlkbwj÷9 xnj,s rjvgtycbhjdfnm ,kbpjcnm uhjvrjujdjhbntkz r cntyt9
nj tcnm rjvgtycbhjdfnm gjzdkz.obqcz gbrjdsq =aatrn d bynthdfkt jn
!)) lj @%) uw7
Gjlrk.xtybt
Tckb ds gkfybhetnt gjlrk.xtybt j,sxysv cgjcj,jv9 nj bcgjkm-
pjdfnmcz vj;tn jlby rjvgktrn cnfylfhnyjuj rf,tkz lkz lbyfvbrjd7
Gjlrk.xbnt rf,tkm uhjvrjujdjhbntkz jn gjkj;bntkmyjuj dsdjlf 5≠8
ecbkbntkz r gjkj;bntkmyjve 5≠8 dsdjle lbyfvbrf7 Gjlrk.xbnt
jnhbwfntkmysq dsdjl 5–8 ecbkbntkz r jnhbwfntkmyjve 5–8 dsdjle
lbynjn vtnjl vj;tn ghbvtyznmcz b lkz lde[ghjdjlys[ lbyfvbr-
jd
HDT-F,
tckb bvt.ncz erjhfxbdf.obt gthtvsxrb yf dsdjlf[7
Lde[ghjdjlyjt gjlrk.xtybt
+ne ghjwtlehe cktletn yfxbyfnm c elfktybz erjhfxbdf.ob[
gthtvsxtr7 Dsdjls lbyfvbrf dth[yb[ xfcnjn yf[jlzncz cdth[e9 dsdjls
lbyfvbrf yb;yb[ xfcnjn — cybpe7 Tckb ds bcgjkmpetnt ghjdjl ldjqyjq
lkbys dvtcnj lde[ghjdjlyjuj rf,tkz9 nj cgktnbnt gjkj;bntkmyst
rjyws lde[ ghjdjljd dvtcnt9 c ntv xnj,s jyb j,f vjukb ,s djqnb d
gjkj;bntkmysq dsdjl ecbkbntkz7 Ne ;t cfve. ghjwtlehe ghjltkfqnt b
c jnhbwfntkmysvb rjywfvb7 Pfntv cjtlbybnt ldf gjkj;bntkmys[ rjywf
c gjkj;bntkmysvb dsdjlfvb yf pflytq gfytkb lbyfvbrf9 f jnhbwfntk-
myst rjyws gjlrk.xbnt r jnhbwfntkmysb dsdjlfv7
Yt pf,elmnt dsrk.xbnm ecbkbntkm ghb gjlrk.xtybb lbyfvbrjd r
ecbkbntk.7 Ytcj,k.ltybt =njuj vj;tn dspdfnm pfvsrfybt d ghjdjlf[
jn uhjvrjujdjhbntkz b gjdktxm pf cj,jq gjdht;ltybt ecbkbntkz7
+rdfkfqpths dth[ytuj lbfgfpjyf xfcnjn9 chtlyb[ xfcnjn b chtlytuj
lbfgfpjyjd ybprb[ xfcnjn zdkz.ncz bylbdblefkmysvb chtlcndfvb
rjynhjkz
HDT-F,
gjpdjkz.obvb ecbkbdfnm pdexfybt yf dscjrb[9 chtlyb[
b ybprb[ xfcnjnf[7 +nj gjpdjkztn d cjdthitycndt ufhvjybpbhjdfnm dct
xfcnjns lkz vfrcbvfkmyjuj ekexitybz djcghjbpdtltybz pderf ghb k.,jv
hfcgjkj;tybb bkb bcgjkytybb uhjvrjujdjhbntktq9 f nfr;t eljdktnd-
jhznm kbxysv drecfv gjkmpjdrdfkfqpth dscjrb[ xfcnjn
ecbkbdftn rf;lsq jnltkmysq bynthdfk dscjrjxfcnjnyjuj lbfgfpjyf yf
@ ltwb,tkkf9 =rdfkfqpth chtlyb[ xfcnjn ecbkbdftn rf;lsq jnltkmysq
bynthdfk chtlytuj lbfgfpjyf xfcnjn yf
1,5
ltwb,tkk9 d nj dhtvz rfr
=rdfkfqpth chtlytuj bynthdfkf ybprb[ xfcnjn gjrhsdftn bynthdfk jn
100
lj
250
uw9 lkz njuj9 xnj,s ghtljndhfofnm xhtpvthyjt ecbktybt
ybprb[ xfcnjn9 rjulf
HDT-F
bcgjkmpetncz dj dcnhjtyyjv bcgjkytybb7
Bycnherwbz lkz gjkmpjdfntkz
HDT
s u b w o o f e r
10
