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METREL PowerQ4MI 2592, Instruction Manual

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METREL PowerQ4MI 2592 Instruction Manual Download Page 92

5 Theory and internal operation 

92  

 

a retained voltage between 85 % and 90 % of 

U

Nom

 

can occur very frequently as a result 

of the switching of loads in network users’ installations. 

5.2.4 Short interruptions of the supply voltage  

Under normal operating conditions the annual occurrence of short interruptions of the 
supply voltage ranges from up to a few tens to up to several hundreds. The duration of 
approximately 70 % of the short interruptions may be less than one second. 

5.2.5 Long interruptions of the supply voltage 

Under normal operating conditions the annual frequency of accidental voltage 
interruptions longer than three minutes may be less than 10 or up to 50 depending on 
the area. 

5.2.6 Supply voltage unbalance 

Under normal operating conditions, during each period of one week, 95 % of the 10 min 
mean RMS values of the negative phase sequence component (fundamental) of the 
supply voltage shall be within the range 0 % to 2 % of the positive phase sequence 
component (fundamental). In some areas with partly single phase or two phase 
connected network users’ installations, unbalances up to about 3 % at three-phase 
supply terminals occur. 

5.2.7 THD voltage and harmonics 

Under normal operating conditions, during each period of one week, 95 % of the 10 min 
mean values of each individual harmonic voltage shall be less or equal to the value 
given in table bellow.  
Moreover, THD

U

 values of the supply voltage (including all harmonics up to the order 

40) shall be less than or equal to 8 %. 

Table 5.6: Values of individual harmonic voltages at the supply 

Odd harmonics 

 

Even harmonics 

 

 

 

 

Not Multiples of 3 

 

Multiples of 3 

 

 

Order h  Relative 

voltage 
(U

Nom

) 

 
 
 

Order h 

Relative 
voltage 
(U

Nom

) 

 
 
 

Order h  Relative 

voltage 
(U

Nom

) 

5 

6,0 % 

 

3 

5,0 % 

 

2 

2,0 % 

7 

5,0 % 

 

9 

1,5 % 

 

4 

1,0 % 

11 

3,5 % 

 

15 

0,5 % 

 

6..24 

0,5 % 

13 

3,0 % 

 

21 

0,5 % 

 

 

 

17 2,0 

% 

 

 

 

 

   

19 1,5 

% 

 

 

 

 

   

23 1,5 

% 

 

 

 

 

   

25 1,5 

% 

 

 

 

 

   

5.2.8 4.4.2 Flicker severity 

Under normal operating conditions, in any period of one week the long term flicker 
severity caused by voltage fluctuation should be 

P

lt 

≤

 

1 for 95 % of the time. 

Summary of Contents for PowerQ4MI 2592

Page 1: ...PowerQ4 MI 2592 Instruction manual Version 1 2 Code No 20 751 551 ...

Page 2: ...el metrel si Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets the requirements of the EU European Union concerning safety and interference causing equipment regulations 2009 METREL No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without permission in writing from METREL ...

Page 3: ... 3 2 3 Trend 20 3 3 Power menu 23 3 3 1 Meter 23 3 3 2 Trend 24 3 4 Energy menu 26 3 5 Harmonics menu 27 3 5 1 Meter 28 3 5 2 Bar 29 3 5 3 Trend 31 3 6 Flickermeter 32 3 6 1 Meter 32 3 6 2 Trend 33 3 7 Inrushes 35 3 7 1 Setup 35 3 7 2 Capturing inrush 36 3 7 3 Captured inrush 37 3 8 Events and Alarms 38 3 8 1 Voltage events 39 3 8 2 Alarms list 43 3 9 Phase Diagram 45 3 9 1 Phase diagram 45 3 9 2 ...

Page 4: ...measurements 77 5 1 6 Total power measurements 77 5 1 7 Energy 78 5 1 8 Harmonics 79 5 1 9 Flicker 80 5 1 10 Voltage and current unbalance 82 5 1 11 Voltage events 82 5 1 12 Alarms 85 5 1 13 Data aggregation in RECORDING 85 5 1 14 Power and energy recording 88 5 1 15 Waveform snapshoot 89 5 1 16 Inrushes 89 5 2 EN 50160 Standard Overview 91 5 2 1 Power frequency 91 5 2 2 Supply voltage variations ...

Page 5: ...14 Time and duration uncertainty 98 6 3 Standards compliance 99 6 3 1 Compliance to the IEC 61557 12 99 6 3 2 Compliance to the to the IEC 61000 4 30 100 6 4 Maintenance 101 6 4 1 Inserting batteries into the instrument 101 6 4 2 Batteries 102 6 4 3 Power supply considerations 103 6 4 4 Cleaning 103 6 4 5 Periodic calibration 103 6 4 6 Service 103 6 4 7 Troubleshooting 103 ...

Page 6: ...strument range selection1 Compliance with power quality standard IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Predefined recorder profile for EN 50160 survey Power measurements compliance with IEC 61557 12 and IEEE 1448 Simultaneous 8 channels 16bit AD conversion for accurate power measurements minimal phase shift error Simple to use and powerful recorder with 8MB of memory and possibility to record 509 different power...

Page 7: ...o ensure maximum operator safety Usage in a way other than specified in this manual may increase the risk of harm to the operator Do not use the instrument and or any accessories if there is any damage visible The instrument contains no user serviceable parts Only an authorized dealer can carry out service or adjustment All normal safety precautions have to be taken in order to avoid risk of elect...

Page 8: ...n harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation IEC 61000 4 15 1997 Flickermeter Functional and design specifications EN 50160 2007 Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution networks Note about EN and IEC standards Text of this manual contains references to European standards All standards of EN 6XXXX e g EN 61010 series are equivalent to IEC standards ...

Page 9: ...IN Rms neutral RMS current IFnd Fundamental RMS current Ih1 on 1st harmonics including IpFmd phase p fundamental RMS current and INFmd neutral RMS fundamental current See 5 1 8 for definition Ihn nth current RMS harmonic component including Iphn phase p nth RMS current harmonic component and INhn neutral nth RMS current harmonic component See 5 1 8 for definition INom Nominal current Current of cl...

Page 10: ...o fundamental including THDIp phase p current THD and THDIN neutral current THD See 5 1 8 for definition THDU total harmonic distortion voltage related to fundamental including THDUpg phase p to phase g voltage THD and THDUp phase p to neutral voltage THD See 5 1 10 for definition u Negative sequence voltage ratio See 5 1 10 for definition u0 Zero sequence voltage ratio See 5 1 10 for definition U...

Page 11: ...ence 2 Description 2 1 Front panel Figure 2 1 Front panel Front panel layout 1 LCD Graphic display with LED backlight 320 x 200 pixels 2 F1 F4 Function keys 3 ARROW keys Move cursor and select parameters 4 ENTER key Confirms new settings step into submenu 5 ESC key Exits any procedure exit from submenu 6 LIGHT key LCD backlight on off backlight automatically turns off after 15 minutes if no key ac...

Page 12: ...ible voltage between voltage input terminals and ground is 1000 VRMS Figure 2 2 Top connector panel Top connector panel layout 1 Clamp on current transformers I1 I2 I3 IN input terminals 2 Voltage L1 L2 L3 N GND input terminals Figure 2 3 Side connector panel Side connector panel layout 1 External power socket 2 PS 2 RS 232 serial connector 3 USB Connector 3 2 1 ...

Page 13: ...o replace the batteries 2 4 Accessories 2 4 1 Standard accessories Table 2 1 PowerQ4 standard accessories Description Peaces 3000 300 30A Flexible current clamps A1227 4 Test tips red 3 Test tip black 1 Crocodile tips red 3 Crocodile tip black 1 Crocodile tip green 1 Voltage measurement cables red 3 Voltage measurement cables black 1 Voltage measurement cables green 1 1 3 2 ...

Page 14: ...easurement Techniques 2 4 2 Optional accessories Table 2 2 PowerQ4 optional accessories Ord code Description A 1020 Small soft carrying bag A 1033 Current clamp 1000A 1V A 1037 Current transformer 5A 1V A 1039 Clamp adapter A 1069 Mini clamp 100A 1 V A 1122 Mini clamp 5A 1 V A 1179 3 phase 2000 200 20 A current clamp S 2014 Safety fuse adapters S 2015 Safety flat clamps A 1279 Printer DPU 414 A 12...

Page 15: ...nimated icon indicate battery charging Static icon Indicate charge level Current time and date Indicate that supply adapter is connected to the instrument Power On Off Escape Exit any procedure Function keys It s functions depends on active screen Cursor keys Move Zoom Scroll Enter Select procedure Press Hold for contrast adjustment Backlight On Off Figure 3 1 Display symbols and keys description ...

Page 16: ...layed From this menu all instrument functions can be selected Figure 3 3 MAIN MENU Table 3 1 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Battery status Animated icon indicate battery charging Static icon Indicate charge level Indicate that charger is connected to the instrument Current time and date Table 3 2 Keys function Select function from the MAIN MENU Enter selected function ...

Page 17: ...eviations used in this menu are shown in table bellow Table 3 3 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Show currently displayed channel Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy retrieving data from memory RECORDER is not active Current instrument time RMS True effective value URms and IRms THD Total harmonic distortion THDU and THDI CF Crest factor CfU and CfI PEAK Peak val...

Page 18: ...nts for phase L1 Show measurements for phase L2 Show measurements for phase L3 Show measurements for phase LN Summary of all phases measurements Show phase to phase voltages measurements Switch to METER view Switch to SCOPE view Switch to TREND view available only during recording Return to the MAIN MENU screen 3 2 2 Scope Various combinations of voltage and current waveforms are displayed Figure ...

Page 19: ...g 12 23 31 True effective value of phase to phase line voltage U12Rms U23Rms U31Rms Ip p 1 3 N True effective value of current I1Rms I2Rms I3Rms INRms Thd Total harmonic distortion for displayed quantity THDU or THDI F Frequency on reference channel Table 3 6 Keys function Waveform snapshoot Hold measurement on display Save held measurement into memory Select which waveforms to show Show voltage w...

Page 20: ...ng recording Select which waveform to zoom only in U I or U I Set vertical zoom Set horizontal zoom Return to MAIN MENU screen 3 2 3 Trend While RECORDER is active TREND view is available see section 3 10 for instructions how to start recorder Voltage and current trends Current and voltage trends are observed by cycling function key F4 METER SCOPE TREND Figure 3 9 Voltage trend Figure 3 10 Voltage...

Page 21: ...rage and minimal value of phase voltage UpRms or line voltage UpgRms for last recorded time interval IP Ip p 1 3 N Maximal average and minimal value of current IpRms for last recorded time interval IP Current RECORDER time Maximal and minimal recorded voltage Maximal and minimal recorded current Table 3 8 Keys function Zoom in Zoom out Select between the following options Show voltage trend Show c...

Page 22: ...rend can be seen from METER screen by pressing function key F2 Figure 3 14 U I f frequency trend screen Table 3 9 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy retrieving data from memory RECORDER is not active Current instrument time f Maximal average and minimal value of frequency at synchronization channel for last recorded time interval...

Page 23: ...er to fully understand meanings of particular power parameter see sections 5 1 5 and 5 1 6 3 3 1 Meter By entering Power menu from MAIN MENU the POWER METER tabular screen is shown see figure below METER screen show power voltage and current signatures Figure 3 15 Power measurements summary Figure 3 16 Detailed Power measurements at phase L1 Description of symbols and abbreviations used in METER s...

Page 24: ...n display Save held measurement into memory Toggle between HOLD the results are frozen on the display and SAVE save the frozen results Select between phase neutral all phases and line view Show measurements for phase L1 Show measurements for phase L2 Show measurements for phase L3 Summary of all phases measurements Show phase to phase voltages measurements Switch to METER view available only durin...

Page 25: ...ximal average and minimal value of consumed Qc1 Qc2 Qc3 Qctot or generated Qc1 Qc2 Qc3 Qctot reactive capacitive power Qc1 Qc2 Qc3 Qctot for last recorded time interval IP Sp St p 1 3 Maximal average and minimal value of consumed apparent power S1 S2 S3 Stot or generated apparent power S1 S2 S3 Stot for last recorded time interval IP PFip PFit p 1 3 Maximal average and minimal value of inductive p...

Page 26: ... and totals Power parameters for delta wired loads 3W Switch to METER view available only during recording Switch to TREND view available only during recording Return to MAIN MENU screen 3 4 Energy menu In energy menu instrument show status of energy counters Results can be seen in a tabular METER form For representing data in graph TREND form download data to PC and use PowerView Energy measureme...

Page 27: ...r to observe results Pp Pt p 1 3 Instantaneous phase active power P1 P2 P3 or total Ptot active power Qp Qt p 1 3 Instantaneous reactive power Q1 Q2 Q3 Qtot or total Qtot reactive power Start Recorder start time Duration Current RECORDER time Table 3 16 Keys function Select between single phase and total energy meter Energy parameters for phase L1 Energy parameters for phase L2 Energy parameters f...

Page 28: ...ed in METER screens are shown in table bellow Table 3 17 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Show currently displayed channel Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy retrieving data from memory RECORDER is not active Current instrument time RMS True effective value URms and IRms THD Total harmonic distortion THDU and THDI hn n 0 50 nth harmonics voltage Uhn or current I...

Page 29: ... to TREND view available only during recording Shift through harmonic components Return to the MAIN MENU screen 3 5 2 Bar Bar screen displays dual bar graphs The first shows voltage harmonics and the second shows current harmonics Figure 3 20 Harmonics b screens Description of symbols and abbreviations used in BAR screens are shown in table bellow Table 3 19 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviat...

Page 30: ...unction Waveform snapshoot Hold measurement on display Save held measurement into memory Select between single phases neutral harmonics bars Harmonics components for phase L1 Harmonics components for phase L2 Harmonics components for phase L3 Harmonics components for neutral LN Switch to METER view Switch to BAR view Switch to TREND view available only during recording Select voltage or current cu...

Page 31: ...ime ThdU Maximal and average value of total voltage harmonic distortion THDU for selected phase ThdI Maximal and average value of total current harmonic distortion THDI for selected phase Uh Maximal and average value for selected n th voltage harmonic component for selected phase Ih Maximal and average value of selected n th current harmonic component for selected phase Current RECORDER time Maxim...

Page 32: ...ew Switch to BAR view Switch to TREND view available only during recording Return to MAIN MENU screen 3 6 Flickermeter Flickermeter measures the human perception of the effect of amplitude modulation on the mains voltage powering a light bulb In Flickermeter menu instrument show measured power parameters Results can be seen in a tabular METER or a graphical form TREND TREND view is active only whi...

Page 33: ...ong term flicker 2h Pst Inverted colors represent that measurement is not valid in case of voltage overrange voltage dips low voltage etc Table 3 24 Keys function Waveform snapshoot Hold measurement on display Save held measurement into memory Switch to METER view available only during recording Switch to TREND view available only during recording Return to the MAIN MENU screen 3 6 2 Trend During ...

Page 34: ...31 pltp p 1 3 Maximal average and minimal value of 2 hour long term flicker in phase voltages U1 U2 U3 Plt1 Plt2 Plt3 Current RECORDER time Maximal and minimal recorded flicker Table 3 26 Keys function Zoom in Zoom out Select between the following options Show 10 min short term flicker Pst Show long term flicker Plt Show 1min short term flicker Pst1min Select between trending various parameters Sh...

Page 35: ...n the Duration field indicator only Signals Select logging signals Trigger Trigger set up Current input for trigger source Trigger level at which inrush logging will start Trigger slope Table 3 28 Keys function Start logging Toggle between ON selected and OFF deselected for highlighted logging signals in SIGNALS dialog and for highlighted trigger source in TRIGGER dialog Select Interval Signals or...

Page 36: ...screen or close the Signals or Trigger dialog box if dialog box is open 3 7 2 Capturing inrush Following screen opens when a user starts the inrush logger Figure 3 25 Inrush logger capture screen Table 3 29 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status INRUSH LOGGER is active First beep indicates that measurement has started next beep indicates that threshold has been reached...

Page 37: ...U 3 7 3 Captured inrush This function becomes active after logging is completed The recorded signal trace can be scrolled through and reviewed with a cursor Data are displayed in graphical logger histogram and in numeric interval data form The following values can be displayed in the data fields Minimum maximum and average data of the interval selected with the cursor Time relative to the trigger ...

Page 38: ...1 2 voltage trend graph Show I Rms current trend graph Show voltage Urms 1 2 and current I Rms trend in single graph Show voltage Urms 1 2 and current I Rms trend in two separate graph Select between single phase neutral and all phase trend graph Select between scopes Scroll the cursor along logged data Return to the MAIN MENU 3 8 Events and Alarms By entering EVENTS ALARMS menu following screen i...

Page 39: ... and enter the selected option s screen Return to the MAIN MENU screen 3 8 1 Voltage events In this table captured voltage dips swells and interrupts are shown Note that events appear in the table after finishing when voltage return to the normal value All events can be grouped or separated by phase This is performed by pressing function key F1 Group view In this view voltage event are grouped acc...

Page 40: ...t has occurred 1 event on phase U1 2 event on phase U2 3 event on phase U3 12 event on voltage U12 23 event on voltage U23 32 event on voltage U32 Note this indication is shown only in event details since one grouped event can have many phase events Start Event start time when first URms 1 2 value cross threshold T Indicates type of event or transition D Dip I Interrupt S Swell N D Transition from...

Page 41: ...the EVENTS ALARMS menu Phase view In this view voltage event are separated by phases This is convenient view for troubleshooting Additionally user can use filters in order to observe only particular type of event on specific phase Captured events in a table where each line contains one event Each event has an event number event start time and duration and level Additionally in colon T type of even...

Page 42: ...U12 23 event on voltage U23 32 event on voltage U32 Start Event start time when first URms 1 2 value cross threshold T Indicates type of event or transition D Dip I Interrupt S Swell Level Minimal or maximal value in event UDip UInt USwell Duration Event duration Note Due to lack of screen space duration is represented as decimal value In example 2 5hrs represent 2 hours and 30 minutes Use PowerVi...

Page 43: ...elected event Select event Back to the EVENTS ALARMS menu 3 8 2 Alarms list This menu shows list of alarms which went off Alarms are displayed in a table where each row represents an alarm Each alarm is associated with a start time phase type slope min max value and duration see 5 1 12 for details Figure 3 31 Alarms list screen ...

Page 44: ...sed threshold Level Minimal or maximal parameter value during alarm occurrence Duration Alarm duration Note Due to lack of screen space duration is represented as decimal value In example 2 5hrs represent 2 hours and 30 minutes Use PowerView in order to observe alarms in normal time format Table 3 40 Keys function Filter alarms according to the following parameters All alarms Voltage alarms Power ...

Page 45: ...phase vectors of the measured system Unbalance of the measured system 3 9 1 Phase diagram By entering PHASE DIAGRAM menu from MAIN MENU following screen is shown see figure below Figure 3 32 Phase diagram screen Table 3 41 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy retrieving data from memory RECORDER is not active Current instrument tim...

Page 46: ...ltage symmetry or unbalance of the measuring system Unbalance arises when RMS values or phase angles between consecutive phases are not equal Diagram is shown on figure bellow Figure 3 33 Symmetry diagram screen Table 3 43 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy retrieving data from memory RECORDER is not active Current instrument tim...

Page 47: ...ement into memory Toggle u u0 voltages and select voltage for scaling with cursors Toggle i i0 currents and select currents for scaling with cursors Switch to phase diagram Switch to symmetry diagram Scale displayed diagram by amplitude Back to the MAIN MENU menu 3 10 Recorder PowerQ4 has ability to record measurement data in the background In RECORDER menu user can customize recorder parameters i...

Page 48: ...nu user can add power or currents channels and perform EN 50160 and power measurement simultaneously Interval Select recorder aggregation interval For each time interval minimal average and maximal value for will be recorded for each signal The smaller is the interval more measurements will be recorded Note The instrument automatically changes the duration in case there if there is not enough memo...

Page 49: ...nts in record Include active alarms Select whether you want or not to include active alarms in record Start time Define start time of recording Manual pressing function key F1 Add predefined start time when recorder should start Table 3 46 Keys function Start or stop the recorder Stop the recorder Open configuration sub menu Load the selected configuration Only in configuration submenu Save the ch...

Page 50: ...type of record which can be one of following inrush logging waveform snapshoot normal recording Signals Number of recorded signals Start Record start time End Record stop time Size kB Record site in kilobytes kB Saved records Total number of records in memory Table 3 48 Keys function Clear the last record In order to clear complete memory delete records one by one Browse through records next or pr...

Page 51: ...nstrument time Record type RECORD Indicator that record type is made by RECORDER Interval 1s Show interval used for RECORDER Signals 173 Show number of signals in record By pressing on Signals following screen will appear User can now observe particular signal group by pressing on Duration 6m 19s Show duration of record Include active events 4 Show number of captured events Include active alarms 0...

Page 52: ... f TREND data Table 3 51 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Show record number in MEMORY LIST Current instrument time Indicate position of the cursor at the graph Up Upg Maximal average and minimal recorded value of phase voltage UpRms or line voltage UpgRms for time interval selected by cursor Ip Maximal average and minimal recorded value of current IpRms for time interval selected by cu...

Page 53: ...AIN MENU screen Note Other recorded data power harmonics etc has similar manipulation principle as described in table above 3 11 2 Waveform snapshoot This type of record can be made by using Hold Save procedure His front page is similar to the screen where he was recorder as shown on figure bellow Figure 3 38 Front page of Normal record in MEMORY LIST menu For screen symbols and key functions see ...

Page 54: ...easurement parameters Event setup Setup event parameters Alarm setup Setup alarm parameters Communication Setup communication baud rate and source Time Date Set time and date Language Select language Instrument info Information about the instrument Table 3 54 Keys function Select function from the SETUP menu Enter the selected item Back to the MAIN MENU screen 3 12 1 Measuring setup Figure 3 40 ME...

Page 55: ... voltage See 4 2 2 for connection details Note scale factor can be set only when lowest Voltage range is selected Note Maximum value is limited to 4000 Phase Curr Clamps Select phase clamps for phase current measurements Note For Smart clamps A1227 A1281 always select Smart type clamps Note See section 4 2 3 for details regarding further clamps settings Neutral Curr Clams Select neutral clamps for...

Page 56: ...ange 110 240V L N Voltage ratio 1 Phase current clamps Smart Clamps Neutral current clamps Smart Clamps Connection 4W Synchronization U1 Table 3 56 Keys function Change selected parameter value Select measuring parameter Enter into submenu Back to the SETUP menu screen 3 12 2 Event setup In this menu you can setup voltage events and their parameters See 5 1 11 for further details regarding measure...

Page 57: ...g use option Include active events On in RECORDER menu Note In case of Connection type 1W it is recommended to connect unused voltage inputs to N voltage input in order to avoid false triggering Table 3 58 Keys function Change value Select parameter Back to the SETUP menu screen 3 12 3 Alarm setup You can define up to 10 different alarms based on any measurement quantity which is measured by instr...

Page 58: ...ger when measured quantity is lower than threshold FALL trigger when measured quantity is higher than threshold RISE 4th column Threshold value 5th column Minimal alarm duration Trigger only if threshold is crossed for a defined period of time Note It is recommended that flicker minimal time is set according to the minimal measurement interval Pst1min 1min Pst 10min Plt 10min Table 3 60 Keys funct...

Page 59: ...3 Communication setup screen Table 3 61 Keys function Change communication speed from 2400 baud to 115200 baud for RS232 and from 2400 baud to 921600 baud for USB Switch between source and baud rate Confirm the selected speed Back to the SETUP menu screen 3 12 5 Time Date Time and date can be set in this menu Figure 3 44 Set time date screen ...

Page 60: ... 3 12 6 Language Different languages can be selected in this menu Figure 3 45 Language setup screen Table 3 63 Keys function Select language Confirm the selected language Back to the SETUP menu screen 3 12 7 Instrument info Basic information concerning the instrument can be viewed in this menu company user data serial number firmware version and hardware version Figure 3 46 Instrument info screen ...

Page 61: ...lly recording campaign is performed to Statistically analyze some point in the network Troubleshoot malfunctioning device or machine Since mostly measurements are performed only once it is very important to properly set measuring equipment Measuring with wrong setting can lead to false or useless measurement results Therefore instrument and user should be fully prepared before measurement begins I...

Page 62: ...minal voltage Thresholds Step 2 4 Optional Event Setup Define alarm and its parameters Step 2 5 Optional Alarm Setup Select signals for recording Define recording start time duration and interval Step 5 Optional Recorder setup Start Recording Download data Analyse data Exprot to Excel or Word Step 7 Report generation PowerView Start In Office On Measuring site In office Stop recorder Power off ins...

Page 63: ...assures proper measurement up to 150 of chosen nominal voltage In case of indirect voltage measurement select voltage range 50 V 110 V and select Voltage ratio according to transducer ratio See section 3 12 1 for details Step 2 3 Current clamps setup Using Current Clamps menu select proper clamps see sections 3 12 1 for details Select proper clamps parameters according to the type of connection se...

Page 64: ...te Use waveform snapshots to capture important measurement Waveform snapshoot capture all power quality signatures at once voltage current power harmonics flickers Step 5 Recorder setup and recording Using RECORDER menu configure recording parameters such as Recorder Signals included in recording Time Interval for data aggregation IP Record duration Recording start time optional Include events and...

Page 65: ...transformer has to point in the direction of current flow from supply to load If the clamp on current transformer is connected in reverse the measured power in that phase would normally appear negative Phase relationships The clamp on current transformer connected to current input connector I1 has to measure the current in the phase line to which the voltage probe from L1 is connected 3 phase 4 wi...

Page 66: ...his connection scheme choose following connection on the instrument Figure 4 4 Choosing 3 phase 3 wire system on instrument Instrument should be connected to the network according to figure bellow LN L3C B A L1 L1 L3C N A L2 L2 B Figure 4 5 3 phase 3 wire system 1 phase 3 wire system In order to select this connection scheme choose following connection on the instrument ...

Page 67: ...ase of events capturing it is recommended to connect unused voltage inputs to N voltage input 4 2 2 Connection to the MV or HV Power System In systems where voltage is measured at the secondary side of a voltage transformer say 11 kV 110 V the instrument voltage range should be set to 50 110V and scaling factor of that voltage transformer ratio has to be entered in order to ensure correct measurem...

Page 68: ...d indirect current measurement In next section recommended practice for both cases is shown Direct current measurement with clamp on current transformer In this type of measurement load generator current is measured directly with one of clap on current transformer Current to voltage conversion is performed directly by the clamps Direct current measurement can be performed by any clamp on current t...

Page 69: ...e that we measure only third part of current Note During setup current range can be observed by Current range 100 3000 A row Indirect current measurement Indirect current measurement with primary current transducer is assumed if we select 5A current clamps A 1122 or A 1037 Load current is that case measured indirectly through additional primary current transformer In example if we have 100A of pri...

Page 70: ...n primary transformer can be less than 10 of rated transformer current For such cases it is recommended to select 10 current range as shown on figure bellow Figure 4 12 Selecting 10 of current clamps Note that if we want to perform direct current measure with 5 A clamps primary transformer ratio should be set to 5 A 5 A WARNING The secondary winding of a current transformer must not be open when i...

Page 71: ... Clamps menu 4 Select Smart clamps 5 Clamps type will be automatically recognized by the instrument 6 User should then select clamp range and confirm settings Figure 4 13 Automatically recognised clamps setup Instrument will remember clamps setting for the next time Therefore user only need to 1 Plug clamps into the instrument 2 Turn on the instrument Instrument will recognize clamps automatically...

Page 72: ... CfU32 CfU1 CfU2 CfU3 CfUN CfU12 CfU23 CfU31 RMS I1rms INrms I1rms I2rms I3rms I1rms I2rms I3rms INrms THD THDI1 THDIN THDI1 THDI2 THDI3 THDI1 THDI2 THDI3 THDIN Cf CfI1 CfIN CfI1 CfI2 CfI3 CfI1 CfI2 CfI3 CfIN U I f freq freqU1 freqI1 freqU12 freqI1 freqU1 freqI1 P P1 Ptot P1 P2 P3 Ptot Q Q1 Qtot Q1 Q2 Q3 Qtot S S1 Stot S1 S2 S3 Stot PF PF1 PFtot PF1 PF2 PF3 PFtot Power Energy DPF DPF1 DPF1 DPF2 DP...

Page 73: ...rument Connection 73 In the same manner recording quantities are related to connection type too When user selects Signals in RECORDER menu channels selected for recording are chosen according to the Connection type according to the next table ...

Page 74: ...1 S 1 S 2 S 2 S 3 S 3 S tot S tot S eP 1 eP 1 eP tot eP tot eP 1 eP 1 eP 2 eP 2 eP 3 eP 3 eP tot eP tot eP eQ i eQ1 c eQ1 i eQ1 c eQ1 i tot eQ c tot eQ i tot eQ c tot eQ i eQ1 c eQ1 i eQ2 c eQ2 i eQ3 c eQ3 i tot eQ c tot eQ i eQ1 c eQ1 i eQ2 c eQ2 i eQ3 c eQ3 i tot eQ c tot eQ Energy eS 1 eS 1 eS tot eS tot eS 1 eS 1 eS 2 eS 2 eS 3 eS 3 eS tot eS tot eS Pf i PF1 c PF1 i PF1 c PF1 i tot PF c tot PF...

Page 75: ...nchronized on each Interval tick according to the IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Measurement methods are based on the digital sampling of the input signals synchronised to the fundamental frequency Each input 4 voltages and 4 currents is simultaneously sampled 1024 times in 10 cycles 5 1 2 Voltage measurement magnitude of supply voltage Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Section 5 2 All voltage me...

Page 76: ...N 5 Phase current crest factor Ix Ix Ixcr max p 1 2 3 N 6 The instrument has internally two current ranges 10 and 100 range of nominal transducer current Additionally Smart current clamps models offer few measuring ranges and automatic detection 5 1 4 Frequency measurement Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Section 5 1 During RECORDING with aggregation time Interval 10 sec frequency readin...

Page 77: ...apping Phase active power 1024 1 1024 1 1024 1 1024 1 j j p j p j j p p I U p P W p 1 2 3 7 Apparent and reactive power power factor and displacement power factor Cos φ are calculated according to the following equations Phase apparent power p p p I U S VA p 1 2 3 8 Phase reactive power 2 2 p p p p P S Q Sign Q VAr p 1 2 3 9 Sign of reactive power 0 0 0 0 360 180 1 180 0 1 p p p Q Sign ϕ ϕ p 1 2 3...

Page 78: ...uadrant measurement technique which use two active energy counters eP eP and two reactive eQ eQ as shown on bellow Figure 5 3 Energy counters and quadrant relationship Instrument has 3 different counters sets 1 Total counters TotEN are intended for measuring energy over a complete recording When recorder starts it sums the energy to existent state of the counters 2 Last integration period LastIP c...

Page 79: ...1 512 1 0 2 10 sin 17 f1 frequency of signal fundamental in example 50 Hz c0 DC component k ordinal number order of the spectral line related to the frequency basis N C T f 1 1 TN is the width or duration of the time window TN N T1 T1 1 f1 Time window is that time span of a time function over which the Fourier transform is performed ck is the amplitude of the component with frequency 1 10 f k fCk ...

Page 80: ... 20 Total current harmonic distortion 2 50 2 1 n p n p Ip h I h I THD p 1 2 3 21 50 100 150 200 Uc k Uh1 Uh2 Uh3 Uh4 Freqency Figure 5 5 Illustration of harmonic subgroup for 50 Hz supply 5 1 9 Flicker Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Section 5 3 IEC 61000 4 15 Flicker is a visual sensation caused by unsteadiness of a light The level of the sensation depends on the frequency and magnitud...

Page 81: ...nes the transform function based on a 230V 60W lamp eye brain chain response That function is a base for flicker meter implementation and is presented on figure bellow Figure 5 7 Curve of equal severity Pst 1 for rectangular voltage changes on LV power supply systems Pst1min is a short flicker estimation based on 1 minute interval It is calculated as running average and is used to get quick previe...

Page 82: ...sequence ratio u0 expressed as a percentage is evaluated by 100 0 0 U U u 25 Note In 3W systems zero sequence component U0 is by definition zero The supply current unbalance is evaluated in same fashion 5 1 11 Voltage events Voltage dips UDip swells USwell minimum URms 1 2 Min and maximum URms 1 2 Max measurement method Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class A S Section 5 4 1 The basic measureme...

Page 83: ...qual to or above the dip threshold plus the 2 of hysteresis voltage on the same phase A voltage dip is characterized by a pair of data residual voltage UDip and dip duration UDip is the residual voltage the lowest URms 1 2 value measured on any channel during the dip The start time of a dip is time stamped with the time of the start of the URms 1 2 of the channel that initiated the event and the e...

Page 84: ... is time stamped with the time of the end of the URms 1 2 that ended the event as defined by the threshold The duration of a voltage swell is the time difference between the beginning and the end of the swell Voltage interrupt Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class A S Section 5 5 Measuring method for voltage interruptions detection is same as for dips and swells and is described in previous sec...

Page 85: ...cker alarms are evaluated according to the flicker algorithm Pst1min 1min Pst 10min Plt 10min Each alarm has attributes described in table bellow Alarm occurs when 10 cycle measured value on phases defined as Phase cross Threshold value according to defined Trigger slope minimally for Minimal duration value Table 5 1 Alarm definition parameters Quantity Voltage Current Frequency Active reactive an...

Page 86: ...val instrument computes average value for measured quantity Depending from the quantity this can be root means square or arithmetical average Equations for both averages are shown bellow RMS average N j j RMS A N A 1 2 1 Where ARMS quantity average over given aggregation interval A 10 cycle quantity value N number of 10 cycles measurements per aggregation interval 26 Arithmetic average N j j avg A...

Page 87: ...N M A M A M j j RMSact 1 1 2 28 Where ARMSact quantity average over active part of given aggregation interval A 10 cycle quantity value marked as active M number of 10 cycles measurements with active value Arithmetic active average M j j avgact N M A M A 1 1 29 Where Aavgact quantity average over active part of given aggregation interval A 10 cycle quantity value in active part of interval M numbe...

Page 88: ...erval Flicker 3 quantities 12 values per interval 9 quantities 36 values per interval 9 quantities 36 values per interval Symmetry 2 quantities 8 values per interval 4 quantities 16 values per interva Harmonics 202 quantities 800 303 quantities 1212 values per interval 416 quantities 1628 values per interval Total 235 347 517 5 1 14 Power and energy recording Active power is divided into two parts...

Page 89: ...samples which can be later observed with MEMORY LIST menu see 3 11 or with PowerView Each Waveform snapshoot store all displayed measurement for particular connection type see section 4 3 for details 10 cycles 1024 samples of all measurement signals 5 1 16 Inrushes Inrush logger is intended for analysis of voltage and current fluctuations during start of motor or other high power consumers I Rms v...

Page 90: ...trigger point and post buffer measured values after trigger point Triggering Input I1 I2 I3 IN trigger channels Level predefined TRMS value Slope rise fall Slope rise t t Slope fall Pre post buffer 20 80 of total buffer Pre buffer is treated as negative time Total buffer Start logging Stop logging Trigger point pre buff post buff Pre buffer and post buffer Figure 5 11 Inrush triggering ...

Page 91: ... 100 Accidental long interruptions 3min 10 50 times under 1 of UNom 10 ms 1 Year 100 Voltage unbalance u 0 2 occasionally 3 10 min 1 Week 95 Total harm distortion THDU 8 10 min 1 Week 95 Harmonic Voltages Uhn See Table 5 6 10 min 1 Week 95 5 2 1 Power frequency The nominal frequency of the supply voltage shall be 50 Hz for systems with synchronous connection to an interconnected system Under norma...

Page 92: ...ltage shall be within the range 0 to 2 of the positive phase sequence component fundamental In some areas with partly single phase or two phase connected network users installations unbalances up to about 3 at three phase supply terminals occur 5 2 7 THD voltage and harmonics Under normal operating conditions during each period of one week 95 of the 10 min mean values of each individual harmonic v...

Page 93: ...ned EN50160 recorder configuration After recording is finished EN 50160 survey is performed on PowerView software See PowerView manual or details 6 Technical specifications 6 1 General specifications Working temperature range 10 C 50 C Storage temperature range 20 C 70 C Max humidity 95 RH 0 C 40 C non condensing Pollution degree 2 Protection classification double insulation Over voltage category ...

Page 94: ...voltage ranges Range has to be chosen according to the network nominal voltage according to the table bellow Nominal phase voltage UNom Recommended Voltage range 50 V 110 V Voltage Range 1 50 V 110 V L N 110 V 240 V Voltage Range 2 110 V 240 V L N 240 V 1000 V Voltage Range 3 240 V 1000 V L N Nominal phase to phase voltage UNom Recommended Voltage range 86 V 190 V Voltage Range 1 89 V 190 V L L 19...

Page 95: ...2 47 VRMS 622 VRMS Range 3 346 VRMS 2600 VRMS 100 mV 0 25 URMS 1 5 min UpRms 1 2 pg 12 23 31 AC DC Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Crest factor Range 1 20 VRMS 260 VRMS Range 2 47 VRMS 622 VRMS Range 3 346 VRMS 2600 VRMS 10 mV 0 5 URMS 1 5 min CfUpg pg 12 23 31 AC DC Measuring range Resolution Accuracy 1 2 5 0 01 5 CfU UpgPk pg 12 23 31 AC DC Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Range 1 20 V 44...

Page 96: ... A 6000 A 30 A 600 A 3 A 60 A 1 5 1 5 1 5 A 1122 5 A 100 mA 5 A 1 3 Note Overall accuracy is calculated as 2 2 t a i n t y C l a m p U n c e r e r t a i n t y P o w e r Q 4 U n c 1 1 5 r t a i n t y S y s t e m U n c e 6 2 5 Frequency Measuring range Resolution Accuracy 10 00 Hz 70 00 Hz 2 mHz 10 mHz 6 2 6 Flickermeter Fl Type Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Plt1min 0 4 4 0 001 5 Plt1min Pst 0...

Page 97: ...0 1 00 0 01 0 02 6 2 9 Displacement factor Cos φ Measuring range Resolution Accuracy 0 00 1 00 0 01 0 02 6 2 10 Energy Measuring range Wh VArh VAh Resolution Accuracy Excluding clamps 1 9 G 0 5 With A 1227 Flex clamps 1 9 G 1 4 Active energy eP With A 1033 1000 A 1 9 G 12 digits 1 3 Excluding clamps 1 9 G 0 5 With A 1227 Flex clamps 1 9 G 1 4 Reactive power eQ With A 1033 1000 A 1 9 G 12 digits 1 ...

Page 98: ... INom 10 INom Ihn 100 10 mV 5 IhN INom Nominal current RMS IhN measured harmonic current n harmonic component 1st 50th Measuring range Resolution Accuracy 0 INom THDI 100 INom 0 1 0 6 100 INom THDI 200 INom 0 1 1 5 INom Nominal current RMS 6 2 13 Unbalance Unbalance range Resolution Accuracy u u0 0 5 5 0 0 1 0 15 i i0 0 0 17 0 1 1 6 2 14 Time and duration uncertainty Real time clock RTC uncertaint...

Page 99: ...ccording to IEC 61557 12 Measuring range Measuring method IEC 61000 4 30 Class P 1 5 200 INom 1 Q 1 5 200 INom 1 S 1 5 200 INom 1 eP 1 5 200 INom 1 eQ 2 5 200 INom 1 eS 1 5 200 INom 1 PF 0 5 1 1 f 0 02 10 Hz 70 Hz S I IN 0 5 5 INom 200 INom S U 0 2 20 V 1000 V S Pst Plt 5 0 4 4 S Udip Uswl 0 5 5 V 1500 V S Uint 0 5 0 V 100 V A u u0 0 2 0 5 17 A Uhn 1 0 20 UNom S THDu 1 0 20 UNom S Ihn 1 0 100 INom...

Page 100: ... UNom 1 5cycle 7 days 5 7 Unbalance u u0 A 5 7 1 0 15 0 5 5 0 5 RMS 5 8 Voltage Harmonics UhN S 5 8 1 IEC 61000 4 7 Class II 0 20 UNom 0 20 UNom RMS A 6 3 Magnitude of the current IRms S A 6 3 1 0 5 2 200 INom 2 200 INom RMS A 6 4 Harmonic currents Ihn A A 6 5 IEC 61000 4 7 Class II 0 40 INom 0 40 INom RMS A 6 4 Inrush current I Rms S A 6 4 1 1 2 200 INom 1 The instrument meets the uncertainty req...

Page 101: ...and put the cover on the batteries Figure 6 2 Closing the battery holder 4 Screw the cover on the instrument If the instrument is not going to be used for a long period of time remove all batteries from the battery holder The enclosed batteries can supply the instrument for approx 15 hours Warnings When battery cells have to be replaced turn off the instrument before opening battery compartment co...

Page 102: ...han 3 months NiMH and NiCd batteries are affected to a various degree sometimes called as memory effect As a result the instrument operation time can be significantly reduced at the initial charging discharging cycles Therefore it is recommended To completely charge the batteries To completely discharge the batteries can be performed with normal working with the instrument Repeating the charge dis...

Page 103: ... the instrument Inbuilt protection circuit controls the charging procedure and assure maximal battery lifetime If the instrument is left without batteries and charger for more than 2 minutes time and date settings are reset 6 4 4 Cleaning To clean the surface of the instrument use a soft cloth slightly moistened with soapy water or alcohol Then leave the instrument to dry totally before use Do not...

Page 104: ...6 Technical specifications 104 Manufacturer address METREL d d Ljubljanska 77 SI 1354 Horjul Slovenia Tel 386 1 75 58 200 Fax 386 1 75 49 095 Email metrel metrel si http www metrel si ...

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