IPsec
An industry-standard protocol for establishing secure communications at the packet level.
Often used as an component in a VPN architecture.
MAC Address
Media Access Control. The hardware address of a machine’s connection to a local area
network. Each NIC has a unique MAC.
NIC
Network Interface Card. The component of a computer which allows connection to a local
area network.
Port
The number which identifies a specific channel for communications relating to a specific
Service. Ports greater than 1023 are called ephemeral ports—these are for assignment to
proprietary or special purpose applications.
Router
A communications device connected between two different networks, which maps (routes)
traffic between the IP addresses on each network.
Service
Services comprise three elements—a pair of communicating software applications; the
definition of the data structures which the applications exchange; and the definition of the
protocols by which the applications exchange data structures. Standardised services include
FTP, Telnet, HTTP, SMTP, etc. There are also proprietary or special purpose services.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The service for encapsulating and sending messages to
another person on the Internet, known as Email.
SSH
Secure shell. A special program providing a secure communications channel between SSH
client and SSH server processes.
Switch
An ethernet connectivity device, similar to but more advanced than a Hub, which partitions
traffic between connected computers to lessen congestion.
Telnet
A service which provides remote terminal login to a multi-user host.
VPN
Virtual Private Network. A method of establishing one or more secure encrypted channels
between selected Internet subscribers.
Web, or World Wide Web
The client-server application which makes web sites available to Browsers.
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