GASTER 56 N AW
39
RU
3.
ɆɈɇɌȺɀ
3.1
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
B
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨ
ɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
,
ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɨɧ
ɛɵɥ
ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ
.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ
ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɞɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ
ɤ
ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
Ƚȼɋ
,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ
ɢ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
.
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ
ɄɈɌɅȺ
ȾɈɅɀɇȺ
ɈɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɅəɌɖɋə
ɌɈɅɖɄɈ
ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɆ
ɉȿɊɋɈɇȺɅɈɆ
,
ɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ
ɉɊɈȼȿɊȿɇɇɍɘ
ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ
,
ɉɊɂ
ɋɈȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ
ɉɊɂȼȿȾȿɇɇɕɏ
ȼ
ɇȺɋɌɈəɓȿɆ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ
ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɃ
,
ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ
ɁȺɄɈɇɈȼ
ɂ
ɉɊȿȾɉɂɋȺɇɂɃ
ɆȿɋɌɇɕɏ
ɇɈɊɆ
,
ȼ
ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂɂ
ɋ
ɉɊɂɇəɌɕɆɂ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ
ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂəɆɂ
.
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ
ɭɳɟɪɛ
ɥɸɞɹɦ
,
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ
,
ɡɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
.
3.2
Ɇɟɫɬɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɤ
ɤɨɬɥɚɦ
ɫ
"
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
".
Ɉɧ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
,
ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɢ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɜ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(
ɨɤɫɢɞɵ
),
ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɢ
ɜ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
.
ȼ
ɥɸɛɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɩɵɥɶ
,
ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɢɥɢ
ɟɞɤɢɟ
ɝɚɡɵ
.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɭɯɢɦ
ɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ
ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
ɧɟɝɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
.
3.3
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ
ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɬɟɩɥɟ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ
Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɪɨɤɚ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
ɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɢ
ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ
ɬɨɤɚ
ɜɨɞɵ
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
,
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
"
ɨɛɪɚɬɤɢ
"
ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɜ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ
ɩɭɡɵɪɢ
,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɜ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ
ɤɪɚɧɵ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɜ
ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɬɨɱɤɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɢɜɚ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ
ɧɟɟ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
,
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɩɪɹɦɨɦ
ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ
20 °C.
B
ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
.
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ
ɜɫɟ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ
ɬɟɥ
,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ
ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɭɛ
ɤ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ
,
ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
. 11.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
ɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ
ɛɵ
ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɨɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
B
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ
.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
25° Fr,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ
ɜ
ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɜɨɞɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ
,
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ
ɞɚɠɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɜ
ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫ
ɢɯ
ɧɢɡɤɨɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɟɧɨɤ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ
ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
(
ɫ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
)
ɢɥɢ
ɱɚɫɬɨɣ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɪɟɤɭɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɜ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɧɵɣ
ɫɥɢɜ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
,
ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
1
ɛɚɪ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɭɩɚɥɨ
(
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
)
ɞɨ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜ
ɧɟɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
1,5 - 2
ɛɚɪ
.
3.4
ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤ
ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ
B
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ
ɤ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɤ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɢ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɜɫɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ
ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
Ƚɚɡ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ
ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɭ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 11)
ɫ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɨɪɦ
,
ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
ɢɥɢ
ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ
ɲɥɚɧɝɚ
ɢɡ
ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɫɨ
ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ
ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ
.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ
ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ
ɢ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ
ɤɪɚɧ
.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
.
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ
ɝɚɡɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤ
ɧɟɦɭ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɡ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɜɵɛɨɪɟ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
,
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɢ
ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
;
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦ
ɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ
ɞɥɢɧɵ
ɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
.
B
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
.
3.5
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɤ
ɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ
230
ȼ
- 50
Ƚɰ
.
B
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜ
ɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɤ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ɉɨɪɭɱɢɬɟ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
.
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɟ
ɧɟɫɟɬ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚ
ɭɳɟɪɛ
,
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɧɟ
ɛɵɥ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧ
.
ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
,
ɱɬɨ
ȼɚɲɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
ȼɚɲɟɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
Ʉɨɬɟɥ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ
ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɟɝɨ
ɤ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɪɚɡɴɟɦɨɦ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɤ
ɤɨɬɥɭ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɛɥɨɤ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɯɟɦɵ
).
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ
ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɦ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ
,
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ
3
ɦɦ
.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
ɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɩɥɚɜɤɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ
,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚ
ɫɢɥɭ
ɬɨɤɚ
ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
3 A.
ɉɪɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɎȺɁȺ
:
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
/
ɇȿɃɌɊȺɅɖ
:
ɫɢɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
/
ɁȿɆɅə
:
ɠɟɥɬɨ
-
ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ
ɤ
ɛɥɨɤɭ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
ɢ
ɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
. 2.
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɜ
cap. 5.
ɪɢɫ
. 2 -
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
/
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
1
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
2
Ʉɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɟ
ɜɢɧɬ
ɢ
ɩɥɢɬɤɚ
3
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
3.6
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɤ
ɞɵɦɨɨɬɜɨɞɭ
Ɍɪɭɛɚ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤ
ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɭ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
,
ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ
ɱɟɦ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ
ɧɚ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɟ
ɬɹɝɢ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɬɹɝɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɢɞɬɢ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɚ
ɞɥɢɧɨɣ
ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ
0,5
ɦɟɬɪɚ
.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ
ɢ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠ
ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ
ɢ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤ
ɧɢɦ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦ
.
1
3
2
cod. 3541A171 - Rev. 01 - 03/2018
