GASTER 56 N AW
38
RU
RU
1.
ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂʇ
ɈȻɓȿȽɈ
ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊȺ
•
ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ
ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
,
ɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ
ɢɯ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
•
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɨ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ
ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ
ɟɦɭ
ɜ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ
ɢ
ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
;
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ
ɟɝɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ
.
•
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɨɪɦ
ɢ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ
.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɥɸɛɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɨɩɥɨɦɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
.
•
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɜɪɟɞɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɥɸɞɟɣ
,
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ
.
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɟ
ɧɟɫɟɬ
ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚ
ɭɳɟɪɛ
,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫ
ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫ
ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɦ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
.
•
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ
ɤ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ
ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
,
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɨɬ
ɫɟɬɟɣ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ
ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɯ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
.
•
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ
ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
ɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɨɬ
ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ȼ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ
.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
-
ɡɚɦɟɧɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ
ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɟɣ
.
ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
•
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨ
ɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
,
ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɨɧ
ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ
.
Ʌɸɛɨɟ
ɞɪɭɝɨɟ
ɟɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ
ɢ
,
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
,
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ
.
•
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
,
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ
ɞɟɬɹɦ
.
•
ɇɟ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɥɢɰɚɦɢ
(
ɜ
ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ
,
ɞɟɬɶɦɢ
)
ɫ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
,
ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɥɢɰɚɦɢ
ɛɟɡ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɨɩɵɬɚ
ɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧɢ
ɧɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɩɨɞ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɧɚɫɱɟɬ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
•
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɢ
ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
.
•
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɸɬ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
.
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɬ
ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
.
2.
ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɂ
ɉɈ
ɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
2.1
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ
ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ
,
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɦ
ȼɚɫ
ɡɚ
ɬɨ
,
ɱɬɨ
ȼɵ
ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ
GASTER 56 N AW
ɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
LAM-
BORGHINI
,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ
ɫɚɦɭɸ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨ
ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ
ɢ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɨɫɢɦ
ȼɚɫ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɢ
ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ
ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɟɝɨ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ
ɜ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ
.
GASTER 56 N AW
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ
ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɞɥɹ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ
ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɦ
ɝɚɡɟ
(
ɩɟɪɟɧɚɥɞɤɚ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɧɚ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɜɢɞ
ɝɚɡɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
)
ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
.
Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ
ɱɭɝɭɧɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
,
ɨɫɨɛɚɹ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ
ɜ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɭɸ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ
ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ
ɪɨɡɠɢɝɨɦ
ɫ
ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
.
Ʉɨɬɟɥ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
(
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɦ
)
ɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɞɵɦɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
(
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɦ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɵɦɚ
).
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ
ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ
ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
.
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɡɚɞɚɬɶ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
(
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
)
ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
.
2.2
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɢɫ
. 1 -
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
1
Ɍɨɱɤɚ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
2
Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
3
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɞɵɦɚ
4
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ
ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
ɫ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
5
Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
6
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
0-1-
Ɍɟɫɬ
7
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ
ɫ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ
ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
(
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
)
2.3
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
•
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
•
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɪɭɛɢɥɶɧɢɤ
,
ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
•
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
“6”
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
1
(
ɪɢɫ
. 1).
•
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɪɭɱɤɭ
“5”
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɢ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɵɣ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ
(
ɟɫɥɢ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
)
ɧɚ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɪɨɡɠɢɝ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɢ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɜ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
,
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
•
ȿɫɥɢ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɛɥɨɤɨɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
1
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
. 1,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
,
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ
.
A
ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜɵɲɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɧɟ
ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ
,
ɚ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɥɟ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɜɟɬɹɳɚɹɫɹ
ɤɧɨɩɤɚ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
4
,
ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ
ɨɤɨɥɨ
15
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬ
ɰɢɤɥ
ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɩɵɬɨɤ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɧɟ
ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ
,
ɬɨ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜ
ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɢɥɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ
.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
,
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
ɪɭɱɤɭ
“6”
ɧɚ
0
ɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
.
B
ȼɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɜ
ɡɢɦɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
,
ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɨɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɢɬɶ
ɜɫɸ
ɜɨɞɭ
ɢɡ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɢ
ɢɡ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɢɥɢ
ɠɟ
ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ
ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
6
ɢɦɟɟɬ
3
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
“0-1-TEST”;
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ
ɞɜɚ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
;
ɬɪɟɬɶɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬ
.
2.4
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɜ
ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ
5
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
. 1
ɩɨ
ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ
,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ
.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɨɬ
30°
ɞɨ
90°.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɧɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɧɢɠɟ
45°.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
(
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɨɩɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
)
Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟ
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɧɭɠɧɭɸ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɨ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ
ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬ
ɜɨɞɭ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
,
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
5
de
ɪɢɫ
. 1.
ɉɪɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ
ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
,
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ
ɩɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɥɟ
ɜɨɞɨɦɟɪɚ
ɩɨɡ
.
2
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
. 1,
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
1,0
ɛɚɪ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɭɩɚɥɨ
(
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
)
ɞɨ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ
ɤɪɚɧ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɢ
ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɨ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ
ɤɪɚɧ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
.
2.5
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧ
ɧɟ
ɪɟɠɟ
,
ɱɟɦ
ɨɞɢɧ
ɪɚɡ
ɜ
ɝɨɞ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɢ
ɧɟ
ɪɟɠɟ
,
ɱɟɦ
ɨɞɢɧ
ɪɚɡ
ɜ
ɞɜɚ
ɝɨɞɚ
-
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
,
ɞɨɜɟɪɹɹ
ɢɯ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ
.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɫɦ
.
ɜ
sez. 4.3
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
.
ɑɢɫɬɤɭ
ɤɨɠɭɯɚ
,
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ
"
ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
"
ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣ
ɬɪɹɩɤɢ
,
ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜ
ɦɵɥɶɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɜɨɞɵ
.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɨɸɳɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
.
2.6
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɢɠɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
ɢ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ
ɫɚɦɢɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
A
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɬɟɦ
,
ɤɚɤ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɝɚɡɚ
ɢɥɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
.
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
,
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ
ɥɢ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
ɢ
ɧɚ
ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
-
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɫ
ɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɨɣ
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜ
ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
(
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɪɟɥɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
)
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
ɞɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
1-1,5
ɛɚɪ
ɜ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
,
ɨɬɤɪɵɜ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ
ɤɪɚɧ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ
ɤɪɚɧ
.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
ɢ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ
ɩɨɞ
ɧɟɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
.
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜ
ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
.
cod. 3541A171 - Rev. 01 - 03/2018
