ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
:
ȼ
ɫ
ɥɭ
ɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫ
ɥ
ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭ
ɫɬɚɧɚɜ
ɥ
ɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɞ
ɤɭ
ɯɨɧɧɨ
ɣ
ɬ
ɭ
ɦ
ɛ
ɨ
ɣ
,
ɜ
ɤ
ɨɬɨɪɨ
ɣ
ɧɟɬ
ɞɭ
ɯɨɜ
ɤ
ɢ
,
ɦɟ
ɠɞɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɸ
ɢ
ɧɚɯɨ
ɞ
ɹ
ɳ
ɟ
ɣ
ɫɹ
ɩɨ
ɞ
ɧɟ
ɣ
ɬ
ɭ
ɦ
ɛ
ɨ
ɣ
ɧɟɨ
ɛ
ɯɨ
ɞ
ɢɦɨ
ɭ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɪɚɡ
ɞ
ɟ
ɥ
ɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɶɧ
ɭɸ
ɩ
ɥ
ɚɧ
ɤɭ
,
ɧɚ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚ
ɥ
ɶɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜ
10
ɦɦ
ɨɬ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ȼ
ɫ
ɥɭ
ɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫ
ɥ
ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭ
ɫɬɚɧɚɜ
ɥ
ɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɞ
ɞɭ
ɯɨɜ
ɤ
ɨ
ɣ
,
ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ
ɪɚɡ
ɞ
ɟ
ɥ
ɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɶɧ
ɭɸ
ɩ
ɥ
ɚɧ
ɤɭ
ɩɨ
ɞ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɸ
,
ɧɚ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚ
ɥ
ɶɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜ
15
ɦɦ
,
ɚ
ɬɚ
ɤɠ
ɟ
ɫ
ɥ
ɟ
ɞɭɣ
ɬɟ
ɭɤ
ɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞ
ɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɹ
ɩɨ
ɭ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜ
ɤ
ɟ
ɞɭ
ɯɨɜ
ɤ
ɢ
,
ɨ
ɛ
ɟɫɩɟɱɢɜ
ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɞ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧ
ɭɸ
ɜɟɧɬɢ
ɥ
ɹɰ
ɭɸ
ɜɨɡ
ɞɭ
ɯɚ
,
ɤ
ɚ
ɤ
ɩɨ
ɤ
ɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
.
2
.
Ⱦ
ɥ
ɹ
ɨ
ɛ
ɨɢɯ
ɜɵ
ɲ
ɟ
ɭɤ
ɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫ
ɥɭ
ɱɚɟɜ
,
ɩɨ
ɞɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤ
ɷ
ɥ
ɟ
ɤ
ɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɞ
ɨ
ɥɠ
ɧɨ
ɛ
ɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ
ɞ
ɟɧɨ
ɨɬ
ɞ
ɟ
ɥ
ɶɧɨ
ɞɥ
ɹ
ɤ
ɚ
ɠɞ
ɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɛ
ɨɪɚ
,
ɤ
ɚ
ɤ
ɜ
ɰɟ
ɥ
ɹɯ
ɛ
ɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɬɚ
ɤ
ɢ
ɞɥ
ɹ
ɭɞ
ɨ
ɛ
ɫɬɜɚ
ɨɬ
ɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨ
ɞ
ɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡ
ɩɪɢ
ɛ
ɨɪɨɜ
.
Ɋɟ
ɤ
ɨɦɟɧ
ɞɭ
ɟɬɫɹ
ɭ
ɫɬɚɧɚɜ
ɥ
ɢɜɚɬɶ
ɞɭ
ɯɨɜ
ɤɭ
ɫ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨ
ɣ
ɩɪɢɧ
ɭɞ
ɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɶɧɨ
ɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢ
ɥ
ɹɰɢɢ
.
ɍɋɌȺ
ɇ
ɈȼɄȺ
ȻȿɁ
ȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ
ɍɋɌȺ
ɇ
ɈȼɄȺ
ɇ
ȺȾ
ȾɍɏɈȼɄɈɃ
F = 10mm
(
ɦɢɧ
.)
G = 15mm
(
ɦɢɧ
.)
E = 180cm²
H = 50mm
(
ɦɢɧ
.)
D = 120cm²
Ɋɚɡ
ɞ
ɟ
ɥ
ɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɶɧɚɹ
ɩ
ɥ
ɚɧ
ɤ
ɚ
C = 30mm
(
ɦɢɧ
.)
Ɋɢɫ
. 2.
Ʉɪɟɩ
ɥ
ɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤ
ɫɬɨ
ɥ
ɟ
ɲ
ɧɢɰɟ
.
Ⱦ
ɥ
ɹ
ɤ
ɪɟɩ
ɥ
ɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤ
ɫɬɨ
ɥ
ɟ
ɲ
ɧɢɰɟ
,
ɫ
ɥ
ɟ
ɞɭɣ
ɬɟ
ɧɢ
ɠ
ɟɩɪɢɜɟ
ɞ
ɟɧɧɵɦ
ɭɤ
ɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
,
ɫɦ
.
ɪɢɫ
.
3
ɧɢ
ɠ
ɟ
:
-
Ɋɚɫɩɨ
ɥ
ɨ
ɠ
ɢɬɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚ
ɥ
ɶɧɵ
ɣ
ɭ
ɩ
ɥ
ɨɬɧɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɶ
(C),
ɢɦɟ
ɸɳ
ɢ
ɣ
ɫɹ
ɜ
ɤ
ɨɦɩ
ɥ
ɟ
ɤ
ɬɚɰɢɢ
,
ɜ
ɞ
ɨ
ɥ
ɶ
ɜɧɟ
ɲ
ɧɟɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ
ɫɬɨ
ɥ
ɟ
ɲ
ɧɢɰɵ
,
ɫɦ
.
ɫɯɟɦ
ɭ
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
. 1
ɜɵ
ɲ
ɟ
.
Ʉɪɚɹ
ɭ
ɩ
ɥ
ɨɬɧɢɬ
ɥ
ɹ
ɧɟ
ɞ
ɨ
ɥɠ
ɧɵ
ɧɚ
ɥ
ɟɝɚɬɶ
ɞ
ɪ
ɭ
ɝ
ɧɚ
ɞ
ɪ
ɭ
ɝɚ
,
ɢ
ɞ
ɨ
ɥɠ
ɧɵ
ɫɨ
ɣ
ɬɢɫɶ
ɛ
ɟɡ
ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɜ
.
-
Ɋɚɫɩɨ
ɥ
ɨ
ɠ
ɢɬɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɟɦ
,
ɬɚ
ɤ
ɢɦ
ɨ
ɛ
ɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɛ
ɵ
ɨɧɚ
ɧɚɯɨ
ɞ
ɢ
ɥ
ɚɫɶ
ɪɨɜɧɨ
ɩɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɭ
.
-
Ɂɚ
ɤ
ɪɟɩɢɬɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤ
ɫɬɨ
ɥ
ɟ
ɲ
ɧɢɰɟ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨ
ɳ
ɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚ
ɥ
ɶɧɵɯ
ɤ
ɪɟɩɟ
ɠ
ɧɵɯ
ɫ
ɤ
ɨ
ɛ
(A)
ɢ
ɲɭ
ɪ
ɭ
ɩɨɜ
(B),
ɢɦɟ
ɸɳ
ɢɯɫɹ
ɜ
ɤ
ɨɦɩ
ɥ
ɟ
ɤ
ɬɚɰɢɢ
.
ɋɦ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 3
ɧɢ
ɠ
ɟ
.
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
:
ɜɟɪɧɚɹ
ɭ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜ
ɤ
ɚ
ɭ
ɩ
ɥ
ɨɬɧɢɬɟ
ɥ
ɹ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪ
ɭ
ɟɬ
ɡɚ
ɳ
ɢɬ
ɭ
ɨɬ
ɩɨɩɚ
ɞ
ɚɧɢɹ
ɠ
ɢ
ɞɤ
ɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨ
ɞ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧ
ɭɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
.
5