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K. O. LEE B2000, Instruction Manual

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Instruction Manual 

Section Five 

TOOTH 

ANGLE 

SECONDARY 

RELIEF 

RELIEF 

PRIMARY 
CLEARANCE 

ANGLE 

SECONDARY 

CLEARANCE 

ANGLE 

CUTTING 

EDGE 

WEDGE 

BLADE 

DIRECTION OF 

ROTATION 

CHAMFER 

FACE OF 

CUTTER 

WORKING DIAMETER 

RELIEF 

FLANGE FOR MOUNTING 

ON SPINDLE NOSE 

POSITIVE AXIAL 

RAKE ANGLE 

ENLARGED VIEWS OF BLADE 

Figure 18E

—

Nomenclature of a Face Milling Cutter 

HAND TAPS 

Figure 18F

—

Sketch illustrating tap terms, as employed in Taps

—

Cut and Ground 

Threads, American Standard B5.4-1948. 

—33— 

Summary of Contents for B2000

Page 1: ...A HANDBOOK FOR USE WITH K O LEE UNIVERSAL GRINDERS TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDERS 200 South Harrison Aberdeen SD 57402 1416 ...

Page 2: ...Instruction K O LEE COMPANY ABERDEEN S D 57401 Manual A HANDBOOK FOR USE WITH K O LEE UNIVERSAL GRINDERS AND TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDERS Price 6 00 ...

Page 3: ...yout editing and outline suggestions Mario Swenson Delo Lee Phil Braunstein Don Stablein Marvin Koth George Utech Jeanine Morevac and Dennis Scott K Lee writer copyright 1979 by K O LEE COMPANY All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording or by any information storage or retrieval sy...

Page 4: ...fined in the catalogues and price sheets H stands for hydraulically powered table travel B stands for anti friction table travel or ball track sys tem which became available in 1977 Prior to that the designation BB was used for models which had ball bearing mounted V and flat rollers as table saddle ways M stands for metrically calibrated feed handwheels MODEL AND SERIAL NUMBERS are located on a s...

Page 5: ...ON FOUR GENERAL OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS I Safety Precautions II Electrical Controls A Wheelhead and Spindle Motor B Motorized Workheads C Hydraulic Machines D Coolant Systems i i ii I Uncrating 1 E Special Electrical Controls III Machine Operation A Table Traverse 1 Manual 2 Hydraulic B Crossfeed Traverse C Column Elevation 9 9 9 9 11 11 12 D Grinding Heads and Wheel Mounting Procedure 12 E Swivel ...

Page 6: ...gular Cutters 42 CHAPTER 8 Face Mills 43 CHAPTER 9 Form Relieved Cutters 48 CHAPTER 10 Grinding Cutters with Spherical Ends or Corner Radii 54 CHAPTER 11 Reamers 64 CHAPTER 12 Taps 69 CHAPTER 13 Cylindrical Grinding and Internal Grinding 7 5 CHAPTER 14 Special Operations and Miscellaneous Tool Grinder Setups 82 I Cylindrical Face Grinding of Carbide Milling Cutters 82 II Miscellaneous Cutters 84 A...

Page 7: ...ting a Machine with Heavy Duty Grinding Head to use a High Speed Spindle B Adapting a Machine with a Standard Grinding Head to use a Heavy Duty Spindle C Adapting a Tool and Cutter Grinding Machine to become a Universal Grinder V Repair Kits and Ordering Parts SECTION SEVEN TABLE OF REFERENCE I Clearance Angles Straight Wheels II Clearance Angles Cup Wheels III Clearance Angles Reamers IV Clearanc...

Page 8: ...E TABLE STOPS STOP BLOCK THUMB NUT CROSSFEED HANDWHEEL STORAGE COMPARTMENT DOOR TILTING HEAD DOVETAIL SLIDE RIGHT TAILSTOCK TABLE ADJUSTMENT SCREWS ELEVATION HANDWHEEL TABLE TRAVERSE HANDWHEEL ELECTRICAL CONTROL BOX HEAVY CAST IRON BASE MODEL B6062B WITH OPTIONAL B9043M MOTORIZED WORKHEAD ...

Page 9: ... or table Use the two holes on either side of the base cabinet for lifting with cables or ropes when holes are accessible Use blocks of wood on side of base or between cable to keep them away from saddle sides or table See suggested pro cedure for lifting with two cables by forklift below 3 After the machine has been lifted by cables or ropes and moved to its final position do not lower until squa...

Page 10: ...hafts using keyed washers and special nuts NOTE CHOOSE PULLEYS ONLY AFTER CON SULTING THE MACHINE R P M CHART Visually check the alignment by rotating the motor shaft by hand or by power with the belt in place C Consult Section Four Part III pages 13 to 17 for the installation of wheel and pulley arbors onto spindle shafts D Hydraulic Machines See pages 6 11 12 of Instruction Manual HPL 3 for inst...

Page 11: ...preservative oil The B6000 series grinders have a built in reservoir for light way lube for the column screw and nut Hydraulic machines are not shipped with hydraulic oil but base ways and column ways are lubricated by spool rollers or other systems Note that all V way ends have a nylon spring loaded plug to wipe way oil from corresponding saddle or table V as shown in photo above Extra way lube o...

Page 12: ...MACHINES WITH PRESSURE LUBRICATION SYSTEM These models have special piping to the center of the V ways and receive regular amounts of oil or way lube from the hydraulic system or power way lube system Periodic inspection is advisable and may be done in the following manner It is necessary to disengage the piston rod from the table at the right end of the table Remove the thumb nut move the table s...

Page 13: ...ill accumulate some dirt and oil drippings from the ways and need to be cleaned periodically Extensions are drained back into the saddle on hydraulic models B Remove the table from the saddle by removing the hand nut Index No 3E from the table roller hold down tension rod end Index No 3H under the saddle by counterclockwise turns Be careful to disattach all items attached to the table such as cool...

Page 14: ...Instruction Manual Section Three PHOTO 3 4 ...

Page 15: ...with oiled cloth Fill through oil cup on column housing Remove grinding head remove column cap brush screw with lube Column has built in reservoir with wick Fill thru center hex hole in pivot stud under dovetail slide pint capacity Brush clean oil by moving table to ex tremes either direction Fill through screw plug up to bottom of filler hole Ways are roller lubricated Remove table clean reservoi...

Page 16: ...haft Guard Guard Mounting Bracket Swivel Socket Screws Tailstock Locking Screw Rear Column Lock Screw Hex Nut Swivel Locking Nut Dovetail Slide 14 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Table Index Plate Table Adjustment Screws Adjustable Stop Table Stop Crossfeed Handwheel Thumb Nut Elevation Handwheel Knurled Knob to Engage Drive Table Traverse Handwheel Electrical Control Box Movable Index Disc On Of...

Page 17: ... Drive Collar 8 Swivel Table Adj Screw 9 Clamp Bar Socket Screws 10 Index Plate 11 Pointer 12 Friction Socket Screws 13 Hex Socket Screw 14 Spring Center Tailstock 15 Threaded Plunger 16 Tailstock Lever 17 Tailstock Center 18 Oil Flow Valve for Ways remove cover for adj 20 Swivel Table 21 Tailstock Locking Screw 22 B943 Motorized Head 23 Elevation Handwheel 24 06183 Light Fixture ...

Page 18: ...ly enough to hold the wheel firmly 6 Stand back and out of plane of the wheel when first starting the grinding spindle WHEELHEAD MOTOR Allow the motor to operate for about a minute prior to grinding 7 Special caution is needed when grinding on the side of the wheel Wheels with flat sides may have sufficient side run out to necessitate truing the side with a dressing stick A slightly hollow recess ...

Page 19: ...the pump unit itself at 27 Coolant systems plug into the machine electrical panel or have separate plugs for wall connection E Special Electrical Controls Some machines have special starting motor controls which may feature other types of switches than the standard toggle switch Machines may have overload under voltage magnetic starters located apart from the motor or its usual switch location Oth...

Page 20: ...mbly PHOTO 7 b All Other Models The transmission is shipped with gears in neutral position The pinion gear is off the rack To engage the direct drive ratio turn and pull the knurled knob 23 Photo 4 to start the pinion onto the rack Continue to pull while oscillating the handwheel until an inner key is felt dropping into the direct drive slot To en gage the low ratio continue pulling the knob while...

Page 21: ...es c Turn valve I Photo 5 to On and allow the table to traverse to the furthest point in each direction for a few minutes When the table has stopped traveling in one direction move the Directional Control Arm 3 Photo 5 to point in the opposite direction and the table will reverse This action purges the table cylinder of any air that may be in the system d Re set the table reversing stops relative ...

Page 22: ...have a motorized dual wheel grinding spindle and motor saddle 5 Photo 7 attached directly to the top of the column This entire assembly is held in place by an eccentric pin at 6 Photo 7 which passes through the column wall through the hold down cage attached to the motor saddle and then into the inner wall of the column When this shaft and hand wheel are rotated in either direction sufficiently th...

Page 23: ... OF THE WHEELHEAD SWIVEL up to 6 inches With the slide all the way to the rear of the ma chine the center line of the spindle is approximately in the vertical plane of the edge of the column Movement is by hand pressure upon loosening of the two handle lock screws 8 Photo 6 d Spindles and Wheel Mounting i High Speed for Standard Universal Grinders with B955 Head The B6055B cartridge spindle Photo ...

Page 24: ...Instruction Manual Section Four PHOTO 9 14 ...

Page 25: ...e B936W spanner wrench The latter wrench holds either the collet itself BY TWO REAR FACE HOLES or its locking left hand nut The 936P wheel puller is used to extract wheel collets from the taper of the spindle Remove the locking nut screw on the puller to the collet and then with the spindle held still tighten the inner thrust bolt with the spanner wrench end or other wrench Mount wheels to the B93...

Page 26: ...eads differ slightly from those described in D 2 a and b in that the bracket that constitutes the upper swivel in 3 Photo 4 has two other swivel brackets at right angles to its vertical faces allowing the motor and spindle to tilt from the horizontal plane as much as 22 degrees either side of center Socket screws 8 Photo 4 loosen the swivel allowing the operator to tilt the spindle to the angle de...

Page 27: ...at the right hand pulley may be either a plain V pulley or the B936CV Collet and Pulley but in either case these pulleys employ a taper lock onto the spindle shaft B6035 Coolant System B6035HD Heavy Duty Coolant System f Wheel Guards Guards for wheels of 4 6 or 8 inch diameter are mounted with the use of the accompanying bracket to the left ver tical surface of the spindle bracket A drilled and ta...

Page 28: ...either of four positions up down front or rear when the handle locking screw 21 Photo 5 is loosened sufficiently The right hand tailstock has a tension adjustment threaded plunger 15 which is adjustable by hand Lever 16 is used to retract the right hand center from the work during loading and removal of work between the centers 2 Before mounting the tailstocks to the table clean the table and chec...

Page 29: ...e El is tilted slightly to one side and allowed to run against a rotating wheel it will remove slight run out quickly and restore cutting sharpness by its cleaning action The El can also be used to form wheel edges and special shapes BA940 H Toothrests and Height Gauges 1 The insets show the BA940 and B6040 Universal Toothrests set at typical locations on tool and cutter grinders and on universal ...

Page 30: ...inside of the V portion of the cast sliding pointer for locating the center of work without center holes The diamond shaped pointer plate has two surfaces ONE ON TOP ONE ON THE BOTTOM SEE INSET which are exactly at the same height in a horizontal plane This is for the purpose of quickly setting the toothrests relative to a cutter tooth Consult Section Five Chapters 1 and 3 for this procedure B955P...

Page 31: ...e wheel is too soft its rapid wear makes it difficult to keep the cutter a true cylinder or to produce a keen edge In general for most tool grinding work an aluminum oxide 46 or 60 GRIT medium soft grade J L structure spacing number 5 to 8 vitrified bonded wheel ALLOWS 4 500 to 6 500 s f p m is recommended in various shapes K O Lee Company wheels that fall in this range are Cup CV4NH60 CV4NM60 Sau...

Page 32: ...htly harder wheels may be used Figure 11 Showing method of grind Figure 12 Showing method of grinding ing with wheel rotating off cutting edge with wheel rotating onto cutting edge II DIRECTION OF WHEEL ROTATION Cutters and reamers may be ground with the grinding wheel rotation either off or toward the cutting edge as shown in Figures 11 and 12 If the wheel is run off or away from the cutting edge...

Page 33: ...ermined by experi ence Once the relief angle AS WELL AS CUTTING SPEED AND FEED that gives the best results on a certain operation has been determined it should be recorded for future reference The general ranges of relief angles for typical tools and work materials are shown in the table below Smaller diameter cutters require larger relief angles B Width of Land The land which is the narrow surfac...

Page 34: ...nd the work as well as the end of the toothrest blade all on the same plane and then to raise or lower the Wheelhead the proper distance to give the desired relief angle When a straight wheel is used this distance varies with the diameter of the wheel When a cup wheel is used the distance varies with the diameter of the cutter On the B6060 and B6052 series cutter grinding machines the tilting Whee...

Page 35: ...grees by the diameter of the wheel in inches and this product by the constant 0087 Sample solution for determining the distance to raise or lower the Wheelhead for a 7 degree relief angle using a straight wheel 6 inches diameter C 7 degrees X 6 inches X 0087 365 inches 2 Setting the Toothrest Using a Cup Wheel NON TILTHEAD GRINDERS SEE TABLE II PAGE 105 FOR CLEARANCE ANCLE CHART SETTINGS Figure 16...

Page 36: ...mounted on the Wheelhead and adjusted so that it has a complete bearing on the tooth to be ground at the point of grinding contact With the cutter held against the toothrest by light hand pressure the cutter is traversed across the wheel face either by moving the table or by sliding the cutter on a cutter bar For safety and accuracy we recom mend mounting the cutter in a fixed position on an arbor...

Page 37: ... SET UP The cutter is mounted on a stub arbor and locked into the self locking taper in the universal workhead The cutter may also be mounted on a straight arbor and held between centers The toothrest is usually fastened to the workhead or table While the setup illustrated shows the use of a cup wheel and tilting wheel head a straight wheel can also be used in which case the cutter arbor is set in...

Page 38: ...velled in the vertical plane to give the desired relief OR THE WHEELHEAD IS TILTED 6 ANGULAR CUTTERS SEE PAGE 42 FOR ILLUSTRATION AND DES CRIPTION OF A SPECIFIC SET UP An angular cutter may be considered as made up of a number of plain milling cutters of different diameters When any cutter with a cup wheel is ground on a conventional tool and cutter grinder the relief angle is de termined from the...

Page 39: ...sharpening reamers In the case of machine or chucking reamers of the solid type the size obviously is lost as soon as the periphery is touched with a grinding wheel Inasmuch as most of the cutting is done by the entering corners of the blades it is common practice to sharpen such reamers by simply grinding the lead or front bevel usually at an angle of 45 degrees When the straight cutting edges be...

Page 40: ...f of reamers are given in Section Seven of the manual and should be taken as only approximations for most reamers On the tilting Wheelhead cutter grinder the relief setting is made by simply tipping the Wheelhead to the angle desired Trial cuts should be taken with a sharpened taper reamer and the reamer hole tested for truth with a standard plug before using the reamer In some tool rooms taper re...

Page 41: ... to be observed in setting up for this operation is to line up the cutting face of the wheel with the center of the hob Also after each cut the hob should be revolved toward the wheel for taking additional cuts and not adjusted to the wheel by means of the machine Crossfeed In the actual sharpening operation whether it is done on a tool and cutter grinding machine or on a special hob grinder provi...

Page 42: ... fillet offset raised land conventional land END MILL 3 2 Solid Profile Milling Cutter staggered tooth side shown Figure 18D helical rake angle l h helix shown radial rake angle positive shown flute length face width helical teeth relief angle clearance surface land heel flute tooth radial rake angle positive shown root radius or gullet peripheral cutting edge tooth face side relief angle clearanc...

Page 43: ...E BLADE DIRECTION OF ROTATION CHAMFER FACE OF CUTTER WORKING DIAMETER RELIEF FLANGE FOR MOUNTING ON SPINDLE NOSE POSITIVE AXIAL RAKE ANGLE ENLARGED VIEWS OF BLADE Figure 18E Nomenclature of a Face Milling Cutter HAND TAPS Figure 18F Sketch illustrating tap terms as employed in Taps Cut and Ground Threads American Standard B5 4 1948 33 ...

Page 44: ...on Five Figure 18G Chamfer ang e Point or cutting edge Rake angle and right hand rotation shown Straight flutes shown MACHINE REAMER POINT Helical flutes Left hand helix shown HAND REAMER POINT Radial face 0º rake and right hand rotation shown 34 ...

Page 45: ...achined etc the wear allowed may be from a few thousandths to 1 16 inch Other methods of determining sharpen ing frequency are a predetermined time period depending on the number of production pieces machined at a point where product quality begins to be unacceptable from the standpoint of finish dimension etc when an increase in power is required noise generated or heat occurs IV CUTTER INSPECTIO...

Page 46: ...ing its opposite side Tighten the Wheelhead to column B For non tilthead grinders place the toothrest on the Wheelhead in a vertical position over the left side of the wheel face with blade end on the approxi mate center of wheel SEE PHOTO 20 Mount the arbor with cutter between the tailstocks Some red marking may be applied to the top of the toothrest blade and a cutter tooth traversed over this t...

Page 47: ...Start the Wheelhead motor and proceed as above lightly touching one tooth for its full length Then rotate the cutter 180 degrees and grind on the opposite tooth Check these two teeth for taper with micrometers or indicators If taper is present adjust the swivel table adjustment screws at the right side of table Continue this general procedure until no taper results C Continue to grind all teeth in...

Page 48: ...location B For tilthead grinders the toothrest will generally be held from below the cup wheel and the workhead will be placed at the right or left side of the table depending on the rotation of the cutter right or left hand III SHARPENING PROCESS PERIPHERY A Repeat the same peripheral grinding sequence as described in Chapter 3 the cutter being cammed on the rigid toothrest B When using a workhea...

Page 49: ...ilt of the workhead Grind the secondary clearance to where the primary land is1 32 inch to1 16 of an inch in width 6 To sharpen the face ENDS of the teeth first use the height gauge to put a tooth in the same horizontal plane as the center of the mill Lock the workhead spindle Create a toothrest set up similar to A 2 above only working from the right side of the wheel if cutter edge is to face up ...

Page 50: ...y clearance leaving the workhead set at 0 degrees in the vertical plane Note the tilting Wheelhead in Photo 24 CHAPTER 5 Straight Tooth Side Milling Cutter I SET UP PREPARATION FOR PERIPHERY Refer to Chapter 3 1 page 36 for initial instructions on position of the cutter how it is held the wheel used etc If the cutter teeth have no helix the toothrest should be mounted on the table for fastest inde...

Page 51: ... toothrest is placed from above the wheel or from below follow the procedure listed in B through E below B Start Wheelhead motor Move the table and cutter until one tooth lightly con tacts the taper or curved portion of the toothrest blade somewhat before its high point while firmly holding the cutter against the blade When the cutter edge is opposite the wheel edge advance the Crossfeed enough to...

Page 52: ...Swivel the table 2 to 6 degrees de pending on the axial rake The Wheelhead should be in horizontal position zero degree tilt F If it is necessary to grind the side teeth to reduce cutter width for example place the cutter on an adapting arbor and mount it in a universal workhead The set up and procedure are similar to grinding the side teeth of a straight tooth milling cutter or the face of a shel...

Page 53: ...hrest on centerline with the cutter center just back of the cutter O D on one tooth Also place the centerline of the cutter on the same horizontal plane as the centerline of the wheel Set the index dial of the Wheelhead handwheel to 0 C Lower or raise the Wheelhead the required amount according to Table I page 104 in order to generate the desired clearance angle D With the cutter teeth set paralle...

Page 54: ...ign the workhead base with the table T slot by tightening the base plate clamp bar assembly to the outer edge of the table with the hex socket screw Tighten the two base plate T slot bolts Turn the correct workhead spindle taper toward the rear of the machine see Photo 32 by loosening the swivel stud nut on its base and rotating the workhead until the index mark lies at 90 degrees Tighten the swiv...

Page 55: ... blade into grinding position Under same conditions it may be possible to set the toothrest from below the wheel as shown in Photo 33 photo shows periphery being sharpened Page 20 shows below center toothrest location PHOTO 34 2 Tilthead Grinders Mount the universal toothrest base on the table as shown in Photo 34 and then position the toothrest blade to the approxi mate center of the wheel at the...

Page 56: ...d mark the tooth just ground Continue the above opera tion for each inserted blade When the red marked tooth appears again on the toothrest examine all blades to see if the wheel has contacted all of them equally Advance the Crossfeed no more than 001 inch and pro ceed to sharpen all the blades again repeating process until the cutting edges appear to be sharp No light will reflect from a sharp ed...

Page 57: ...ide of the swivel table Place the axis of the workhead and cutter at a 90 degree angle relative to the swivel table and lock Return the workhead to the level or 0 degree setting for the vertical swivel Turn the swivel table to a 90 degree angle relative to the subtable and lock B Toothrest and Clearance Angle Settings 1 Place the toothrest base on the workhead or table top depending on the cutter ...

Page 58: ...gure 37A shows the correct and incorrect way to GRINDING WHEEL LINE PARALLEL TO RADIUS ON WHICH TOOTH IS INCORRECTLY GROUND LINE OF ADJUSTMENT OF WORK TO GRINDING WHEEL GRINDING WHEEL RADIUS ON WHICH TOOTH IS CORRECTLY GROUND LINE OF ADJUSTMENT OF WORK TO GRINDING WHEEL WRONG Figure 37A RIGHT sharpen these cutters On K 0 Lee grinders the usual method of grinding these cutters is to place them betw...

Page 59: ...el edges may be necessary Mount a wheel guard as shown and raise the Wheelhead so as to put the bottom of the wheel even with the center height of the tailstocks which are mounted as shown in the photo The flat face of the wheel should face the front of the grinder B Move the Crossfeed so as to bring the centerline of the tailstock centers directly in the same vertical plane as the flat face of th...

Page 60: ...t Set a table stop to limit the table travel in one direction Start the wheel motor with the cutter to one side and begin a trial run around the cutter teeth passing each in succession under the wheel Continue this process while advancing the Crossfeed to the 0 point on its dial From this point on all advancement of the cutter faces into the wheel will be accom plished by adjusting the toothrest m...

Page 61: ... use the angular side of the saucer wheel Place the angular face toward the front of the machine so that its bottom peripheral edge is in line with the centerline of the tailstocks The alignment of this face is facili tated by tilting the Wheelhead when possible to place this bevelled side of the saucer wheel in the vertical plane See more B1070 information on page 53 III GRINDING A FORMED CUTTER ...

Page 62: ...e ground faces toward the rear of the machine allowing it to be aligned with the ver tical plane of the wheel See Photo 41 This will create a set up so that in step D the toothrest will index hold on the accurate ground FACE of the tooth After alignment set the Crossfeed index dial at zero B In general follow the same procedure as given in I E and F Do not make any adjustments for radial rake on t...

Page 63: ... motor in the forward direction and start the workhead spindle in the reverse direction The cutter and wheel rotating at angles to each other must move in opposite directions Move the cutter with the Crossfeed to a point where it contacts the wheel while moving the cutter face back and forth with table traverse When no dull cutting edges show on periodic inspection take the finishing light pass E ...

Page 64: ...60 degrees RELATIVE TO THE SADDLE about the Pivot Point Vertical Axis when the Table Adjusting Screws E are removed The Turn Table 41 is calibrated in degrees The Upper Slide and Lower Slide of the fixture can be locked by tightening their Gib Lock Screws D A Lever Arm F is provided to tilt the fixture further away from the wheel during the grinding process to allow indexing of the cutter or ob se...

Page 65: ...A985 photo upper left Net Weight 51 lbs BA986 RADIAL GRINDING FIXTURE STANDARD EQUIPMENT Includes all equipment listed for BA985 Model and the following B792D24 Index Disc B985AD Diamond Holding Arbor B985H Housing and Spindle Assembly AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT B792D Index Discs 4 6 8 20 24 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 48 52 54 56 divisions available B941 Collet Fixture B641C Collets for B941 Fixture Avai...

Page 66: ...Instruction Manual BA985 AND BA986 RADIAL GRINDING FIXTURES Section Five Figure 45A Figure 45C 56 Min Max A 2 B 2 C 3 D 5 ...

Page 67: ... appropriate size of Friction Collar and Washer B923EF and Nut B923EN so that it can just be rotated about the Stud D Mount the Universal Toothrest BA940 shown in Photo 46 if cutter edge faces up at the point of grinding Use the B620G Swivel Stud as shown Use the spring loaded micrometer so that the cutter can be rotated to bring a new tooth on centerline with the cutter center by placing the BA93...

Page 68: ...wheel Line up the center of the wheel face and tooth radius with the center line of the center gauge lightly touching a feeler gauge placed between the center gauge and the wheel NOTE Never touch the grinding wheel against the center gauge Use a known size feeler gauge such as shim stock for which Crossfeed dial can be compensated F Set the desired radius by moving the machine Crossfeed handwheel ...

Page 69: ...ovement of the machine Crossfeed J Repeat the above steps for the radii on the left corners working from the left edge of the wheel II GRINDING A CORNER RADIUS USING BA986 RADIAL GRINDING FIXTURE EXAMPLE Generating a radius on the flute ends of a spiral end mill A Initial set up is accomplished as follows 1 Mount the fixture on the grinder table as in A 1 and 2 with the Upper Slide 52 set parallel...

Page 70: ...ken on the fixture itself See l D If the toothrest is on the Wheelhead the cutter may also be rotated up by simply raising the Wheelhead the required amount 3 On tilthead grinders it is possible to create the necessary clearance on the radius by tilting the Wheelhead If the toothrest is mounted on this type of head see Photo 47 then all the clearance must be of a common angle and the blade end sho...

Page 71: ...ill be generated by the periphery of the wheel when a micrometer toothrest blade is placed over the wheel and on center with it Determine the amount to raise the blade BY MICROMETER from Table I page 11 Finally raise or lower the Wheelhead to position the toothrest blade at the cutter center When a straight wheel is used no addi tional clearance need be taken on the fixture or its Spindle Assembly...

Page 72: ...hould be round ground finishing with a final light cut on the primary land If a secondary clearance appears necessary it is produced by further adjustment of the micrometer toothrest above the wheel center and a consequent lowering of the Wheelhead to put the blade on center with that of the cutter At the end of the flutes it will be necessary to finish gashing by a hand operation V OTHER USES OF ...

Page 73: ...sure the radius distance in from the wheel side and set the grinder table stops 9 If optical observation is involved no measuring of Crossfeed on the ma chine will be necessary as infeed into the wheel will take place until the formed radius conforms to the template on the observation scope B Radius work on the corners of face mills up to approximately 10 inches diam eter can be accomplished on th...

Page 74: ... behind the circular land leaving a narrow non relieved convex land or margin just in front of this relief Refer to Chapter 2 in this section for the general construction of reamers and their nomenclature Most clearance angles are critical on reamers and it is therefore advisable to con sult the reamer clearance charts see tables III and IV pages 106 107 for the correct amount to raise or lower th...

Page 75: ...ions on cylindrical grinding Continue to check the diameter of the reamer with a micrometer during the grinding process When the reamer is to be used for large stock removal or just enlarging holes a flat relief produced by a cup wheel is preferred because of its keener cutting edge Obtain clearance angle settings from Table III or IV pages 106 or 107 3 Mount the flared cup wheel at the left end o...

Page 76: ...next tooth As each tooth margin is ground it is necessary to continually check the diameter of the reamer If a sizeable margin of 006 inch or larger must be left it may not be necessary to use the secondary clearance If a secondary clearance is needed to reduce the width of the margin created by sharpening adjust the Wheelhead or toothrest by the reamer table values and grind the secondary in the ...

Page 77: ...need to be sharpened more often 1 Fluted Chucking Reamers These reamers have either straight or tapered shanks spiral or straight flutes and are primarily used in turret lathes and screw machines for light metal removal They have a gradual leading chamfer or taper and the relief back of the cutting edge rear point of chamfer extends the full length of the land Reproduce the lead taper when sharpen...

Page 78: ...cessary as these reamers are usually made with circular ground lands on the periphery B Grind the peripheral lands by means of a thin diamond straight wheel 220 grit resinoid bond is suggested The set up is described in Chapter 13 on cylindrical grinding Observe the following modifications 1 Dull edges of the circular land MARGIN cause the reamer to be forced through the hole without cutting prope...

Page 79: ...the vertical plane swivel has a maximum swivel of 30 degrees either side of the center The fixture will sharpen taps salvage broken taps and reform taps for a specific requirement relative to the grinding of tap flutes chamfer and its clearance The fixture is designed with positive lift cams appropriately stamped for the spe cific tap sizes and number of tap flutes each cam will serve Index discs ...

Page 80: ... B947F 1 Felt 16 B947H 1 Housing 17 B947R 2 Cam Retainer Pin 18 B947S 1 Spindle 19 B947T 1 Thrust Collar 20 B947W 1 Draw Tube 21 B947Y 1 Coil Spring 22 6 32x 4 S T Round Head Screw N P 23 x SAE 1 Socket Set Screw 25 5 16 x SAE 1 Hex Socket Cap Screw 26 5 16 x USS 1 Hex Socket Cap Screw 27 USS 2 Hex Nut H 28 Std 2 Lock Washer L B 21 RR 275 1 Spirolox Internal S T A N D A R D E Q U I P M E N T B 6 4...

Page 81: ...d 4 degrees respectively for standard chamfer taps D Select the Index Disc for the tap size with the correct number of lifts on the Index Disc to correspond to the number of flutes on the tap Insert into the fixture as described in step E below E Installation of the Index Disc SEE THE INDEX NUMBERS IN FIGURE 22 1 Unscrew the Collet Draw Tube and Handwheel from the Collet NUMBERS 5 20 and 4 and rem...

Page 82: ...nce Lands 1 Turn the Collet Drawtube Handwheel in the opposite direction of the tap s cutting edge until the Spindle and its Index Disc hit the positive stop of the Lift Cam 2 Unlock the Spindle Housing by releasing the Hex Socket Cap Screw No 25 3 Turn the entire Spindle Assembly in the opposite direction from tap s leading or cutting edge so that the heel of the radial clearance land on the grin...

Page 83: ... photo 55 and centered with the wheel center 3 While advancing the table rotate the tap by the fixture handwheel in the opposite direction to that in which it cuts 4 Grind the broken end of the tap off by rotating the tap against the wheel until a smooth square end is obtained 5 Replace the correct Lift Cam select the proper Index Disc and sharpen the tap as in steps I B to I IV GRINDING THE FLUTE...

Page 84: ...o the wheel has been established set the micrometer toothrest to hold the flute against the stationary wheel Do not move the Crossfeed after this locating process has been completed as the proper rake angle for the tap has now been set B Grind the flutes in succession Grinding is accomplished by moving the fix ture and tap relative to the wheel with the table traverse handwheel while at the same t...

Page 85: ...s used to turn the Drive Plate with the Dead Center Assembly seated in the taper of the workhead spindle the spindle is locked relative to the workhead housing If adequate space does not seem to be available between the workhead spindle face and the wheel move the workhead further to the left or use the two wheel head swivels ABOVE AND BELOW THE DOVETAIL SLIDE and the dovetail slide to off set the...

Page 86: ...emoving material so that the surface runs absolutely true relative to the spindle This procedure must be repeated every time a wheel is mounted on the spindle arbor or when a collet mounted wheel is attached to the spindle Dressing the wheel cleans and restores the sharpness of the wheel face C Place the motorized workhead to the left side of the table and lock it to the table with the T slot bolt...

Page 87: ...eed of the grinder I If the machine is equipped with coolant use an adequate flow of this over the work at all times because it will provide more accuracy and will usually improve the final finish on the work Excessively dirty coolant will produce a scratchy poor finish J Wheel and work rotation speed and work traverse speed I The usual R P M for straight wheels yields between 5500 and 6500 sur fa...

Page 88: ...urnishing holes to size The universal tool and cutter type of machine provides internal grinding capacities that will handle most requirements for the average shop or toolroom The general method of producing the grinding action is similar to that of O D cylindrical operations On many K O Lee grinders the standard spindle on the machine is capable of holding I D wheel holding arbors and can achieve...

Page 89: ...taper or against the outside face of the spindle depending on the spindle construction If the arbor chosen is of the collet type choose the wheel desired insert the wheel shank well into the collet and tighten If the arbor has an internal thread for mounted wheels with threaded shank turn the wheel shank into the end of the arbor Test run the spindle Check for excessive vibration There will be a h...

Page 90: ...for travels in both directions C Start the machine wheel spindle and true and dress the wheel If the wheel is dressed on the side facing the operator then this same side should be used to grind the work piece Start the workhead and operate it in a direction opposite to that of the wheel at the point of grind Move the wheel into the work hole advance the Crossfeed until contact turn on coolant and ...

Page 91: ...e sparking has been regular and suddenly becomes irregular the fault may be that the work is over heating the centers are dry or loose steady rests are out of adjustment or the wheel may have dirty or glazed spots 2 Listen Learn to use your ears for the informative sounds given off by the wheel Much can be determined by these sounds During the truing and dressing of a wheel the sound will indicate...

Page 92: ... the outside diameter of the cutter will be concentric with the milling spindle and that there are no high teeth on the periphery of the cutter Cylindrical grinding operations are performed with the cutter mounted in the motorized workhead in the position as shown in Figure 57 Chapter 13 Use a silicon carbide grinding wheel such as the K O Lee RV6NH100 for rough grinding the periphery Feed the cut...

Page 93: ...nish is required Table traverse should be approximately 50 inches per minute for rough grinding and between 10 to 20 inches per minute for finish grinding 7 After grinding is complete recheck the teeth for cracks with a magnify ing glass If any teeth are cracked they should be replaced Check to see that the proper clearance has been ground and that there is no inter ference on the cutter body This...

Page 94: ... Grind this tooth to the same micrometer setting as that of the preceding tooth NOTE After this operation is complete the carbide teeth will be of equal thickness This makes it possible to index the cutter from the back of the teeth if desired during grinding of the clearance lands 6 After the face of each tooth has been ground set up the machine to grind primary and secondary clearance if necessa...

Page 95: ...been positioned relative to the V dressed wheel 3 When the gumming process has been completed remove the wheel and place a cup wheel or straight wheel on the spindle Use the toothrest and the index disc or the saw teeth themselves for indexing in order to create a primary land on the periphery of the saw Be careful not to burn the teeth ends a Saucer Wheel may be helpful in this regard Follow the ...

Page 96: ...a silicon carbide or diamond recessed wheel at a relief angle on the end or side of a tool up to 20 degrees The protractor can be used to guide the tool toward the wheel while maintaining a set end cutting edge angle or side cutting edge angle The protractor also has a diamond screw nib for dressing the wheel Figure 67A gives the nomenclature for a typical single point tool PHOTO 67 Figure 67A Too...

Page 97: ...onstant motion by i moving it back and forth across the wheel face ii rocking it and iii tipping it up and down slightly Grind the wheel running onto the tool at all times Dry grind during this process always allowing the tool to cool naturally Never quench carbide in water or oil When the worn or broken portions have been ground away redress the wheel for the final roughing of the secondary or pr...

Page 98: ...ss the wheel through the end mill In the latter case the workhead spindle is also rotated 90 degrees relative to the table b Mount larger cutters or cutters which tend to heat during static cut off in a motorized workhead at the left end of the table Mount the wheel in the usually cylindrical grinding position Rotate the cutter in the opposite direction to that of the wheel at the point of contact...

Page 99: ...e front face of each tooth may be necessary to gain adequate chip clearance It is not necessary for opposite cutting edges to align on a diameter line through the cutter end The end mill will cut with these edges off set from the diameter line In general take no more than 005 inch crossfeed infeed against the wheel face during rough gumming using a light cut to finish the job 8 Salvaging Milling C...

Page 100: ...eding tooth face If it is necessary to make adjustments of the mill relative to the wheel during the grinding process do so only with the micrometer toothrest e The depth of gumming depends on a number of factors but is pri marily determined by necessary chip space This will be learned by experience If sufficient material is available a flute depth approxi mating that of a new mill of similar size...

Page 101: ...e diamond dresser to create the angle on the wheel periphery Use the abrasive wheel dresser or other means to dress a small radius on the wheel edge at its largest diam eter side The radius size is not important as it will break down in the fluting process but it must assist in recreating the original gullet radius and rake on the tooth face It is the curved periphery of the wheel edge that genera...

Page 102: ...med Photo 70 shows a typical set up on a tool and cutter grinder for sharpening a slab forming tool The fixture s four swivel joints allow the tool to be swiveled in three axes for grinding multiple angles In general when hogging off metal during roughing operations do not lower the Wheelhead more than 005 inch for any one pass across the work Make sure that all Wheelhead swivels are tight Use tab...

Page 103: ...manner lock a 1 shank into the spindle by set screw when no bushing is used DO NOT TIGHTEN THE SET SCREW TOO MUCH DISTORTION OF THE TUBE END MAY RESULT The spindle for the bushing model B982 33 has a bore of 1 inches and can accommodate end mills with this size of shank When mounting cutters with the 5C collet unit insert the collet first in the adapter sleeve so that the sleeve key finds the slot...

Page 104: ...to the amounts stated in Table II rather than lowering the machine Wheelhead 7 Set the front Index Collar B982 35 and rear Stop Collar B982 36 on the sliding spindle in order to limit the travel to the right or left The inch wrench loosens these collars Travel to the right should be just far enough to allow the cutter to escape the toothrest so as to be indexed ROTATED for the next tooth B Grindin...

Page 105: ... the fixture end downward the required clearance angle for the teeth ends and lock the vertical and horizontal swivels Adjust the micrometer toothrest until a tooth edge is the same height as the center of the mill Loosen the table stops and re adjust them as necessary to limit table travel Grind the teeth ends BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CLEARANCE ANCLES according to the instructions in Chapter 4 ...

Page 106: ...ck Distance Between Centers Mounted in B6043 B9043 and Tailstock Distance Between Collet in B6043 B9043 and Tailstock Distance Between B946 Chuck Face and Tailstock 1 Hole THROUGH CHUCK Table Working Surface Sub Table Total Cross Feed Feed Each Rev of Handwheel 001 graduation Table Traverse Fast Feed Direct Drive PER REVOLUTION OF CRANK Slow Feed PER REVOLUTION OF CRANK Swing Over Table 1 AND 2 RA...

Page 107: ... N D A R D A R B O R S Maximum Crossfeed Surface Grinding High Speed Spindle 5 wheel Maximum Crossfeed Surface Grinding Heavy Duty Spindle with 7 or 8 wheel Maximum Crossfeed Surface Grinding with 51055CR Quill with 7 wheel Maximum Crossfeed Surface Grinding Tool Grinder 6 x wheel Grinding Wheel Hole Size Floor Space for Operating Maximum Height of Machine with Column Extended Net Weight Pounds 3 ...

Page 108: ...l Guard 6 B628 Wrench B780C Collet Chuck Assembly includes B780CD and B780CE Collets B780J Wheel Arbor 5 40 B780K Wheel Arbor 28 B855F Pulley and Wheel Arbor Assembly hole wheels up to wide B855W Wrench B960C Belt Guard B923C Motor B955BT Bracket for Wheel Guard or Tooth Rest B955PC Dovetail Clamp Assembly B6055B Quill Assembly B20S5H1 V Pulley 3 2 B2055H2 V Pulley 4 B2055H3 V Pulley 6 B20S5H5 V P...

Page 109: ...Wheel Guard or Tooth Rest B955PC Dovetail Clamp Assembly B960C Belt Guard B2055H1 V Pulley 3 2 B2055H2 V Pulley 4 B2055H3 V Pulley 6 B2055H5 V Pulley 2 B20S5H6 V Pulley 2 CV4NM60 Cup Wheel PR8AM70 Cut Off Wheel PV7CM60 Plain Wheel SV6GM60 Saucer Wheel S894 Hex Wrench S6055CL Quill Assembly 5M560 V Belt 22 5M615 V Belt 24 5M670 V Belt 26 5M710 V Belt 28 M O D E L S B6060 A N D B6062 STANDARD EQUIPM...

Page 110: ...t 29 5M775 V Belt 30 5M800 V Belt 3 1 A32 Mounted Cup Wheel A36 Mounted Wheel A37 Mounted Wheel W160 Mounted Wheel W 6 2 Mounted Wheel W163 Mounted Wheel WI84 Mounted Wheel W194 Mounted Wheel CV4NM60 Cup Wheel PR6AM70 Cut Off Wheel PV5FH60 Straight Wheel SV6CM60 Saucer Wheel M O D E L B6062 STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR B6055HD HEAVY DUTY UNIVERSAL GRINDING HEAD B246C Wheel Guard 4 B246D Wheel Guard 6 B2...

Page 111: ...rench for Stop and Reversing Screws III TOOLING FIXTURES AND ACCESSORIES A WORKHEADS FOR MODEL SERIES B300 B360 BA9C0 BA960 BA962 B2000 B2060 B2062 B942 Sensitive Workhead with No 11I B S Spindle Taper B942XM Sensitive Workhead with No 5 Morse Spindle Taper B942XB Sensitive Workhead with No 12 B S Spindle Taper B942XB11 Sensitive Workhead with No 11 B S Spindle Taper Index Disc mounted at rear Use...

Page 112: ...otor D C Driven Workhead with No 5 Morse Spindle Taper B7043B12 Variable Speed 50 450 RPM Motor D C Driven Work head with No 12 B S Spindle Taper B9043M Motor A C Driven Workhead with No 50MM and No 5 Morse Spindle Taper B9Q43B S Motor A C Driven Workhead with No 50MM and No 12 B S Spindle Taper B9043M and B9043B S have standard speed of 250 RPM Other speeds available on request B10043M Variable S...

Page 113: ... I N D I N G FIXTURE B 9 4 5 T I L T I N G T A B L E A T T A C H M E N T B 1 0 9 4 H S AIR C O L L E T CLOSURE B 9 4 7 TAP G R I N D I N G FIXTURE C H U C K S B 9 4 4 4 6 JAW A D J U S T R U B 9 4 6 4 3 J A W A D J U S T R U B844E 6 INDEPENDENT 4 JAW CHUCK NO 11 B S ARBOR B 9 8 9 U N I V E R S A L WORK H O L D I N G FIXTURE STD VISE 1 1 2 B 9 9 2 SENSITIVE W O R K H E A D B 9 7 9 U N I V E R S A L...

Page 114: ...1 B 9 4 1 FIXTURES B 6 4 1 K STRAIGHT SLEEVES 11 B S O D TAPER B 9 0 1 8 C 1 R A I S I N G B L K B 9 0 1 8 C 2 2 R A I S I N G B L K B 9 0 1 8 C 3 3 R A I S I N G B L K B 1 0 7 0 SPIRAL G R I N D I N G FIXTURE B 9 8 8 U N I V E R S A L P L A I N CUTTER HOLDER S H E L L END M I L L A N D CUTTER ARBOR 5 8 T O 1 1 2 BC3 B E N C H CENTER A N D SURFACE PLATE B 8 4 2 K ADAPTER NO 11 B S O D E X P A N D ...

Page 115: ...A960 AND B2060 SERIES ORDER 1 S6055CL Spindle 1 B246E 8 Guard 1 B936CL Collet 1 B936W Wrench 1 B936P Puller FOR B6060 SERIES ORDER 1 B6062A Spindle 1 B246E 8 Guard 1 B936CV Collet and Pulley 2 1 B936C Collet right hand thread C ADAPTING A TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDING MACHINE TO BECOME A UNIVERSAL GRINDER FOR B300 BA900 B2000 SERIES ORDER 1 B955 Universal Grinding Head less present motor B923 on machin...

Page 116: ... center of wheel when grinding with a straight wheel 104 Wheel Diameter Inches C for 4º Relief Angle C for 5º Relief Angle C for 6º Relief Angle C for 7º Relief Angle 104 113 122 131 139 150 157 165 174 183 191 200 209 218 226 235 244 131 141 152 163 174 185 195 207 218 228 239 250 261 272 283 294 305 157 170 183 196 209 222 235 248 261 274 287 300 313 326 339 352 365 183 198 213 227 242 259 274 2...

Page 117: ...f cutters with a cup wheel 1 0 5 Cutter Diameter Inches C for 4º Relief angle C for 5º Relief Angle C for 60 Relief Angle C for 7º Relief Angle 017 026 035 044 052 061 070 087 096 104 122 139 157 174 192 207 022 033 044 055 066 076 087 109 120 131 153 174 197 219 241 262 026 040 053 066 079 092 105 131 144 158 184 210 237 263 289 315 031 046 061 077 092 108 123 153 168 184 215 245 276 307 338 368 ...

Page 118: ...0 0 8 4 0 0 8 7 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 3 0 0 9 6 0 0 9 6 0 0 9 6 0 0 9 6 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 6 0 110 For Second Clear ance 0 072 0 0 7 2 0 0 9 5 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 120 0 1 4 5 0 1 4 5 0 1 6 8 0 170 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 6 0 2 1 6 0 2 1 9 0 2 2 3 0 2 2 3 0 2 2 5 0 2 2 5 0 2 2 5 0 1 3 0 0 2 3 2 0 2 3 5 0 2 3 8 0 2 4 1 0 2 4 4 0 2 4 7 0 2 5 0 0 2 5 3 0 2 5 6 0 2 5 6 0 2 5 6 0 2 5 6 0 2 6 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 6 4 0 2 6 ...

Page 119: ... cutters require larger relief angles 107 Reamer Diameter Relief Angle Clearance Angle to to to l l to 1 Over 1 20 to 15 15 to 10 10 to 8 8 to 6 6 40 to 30 30 to 20 20 to 16 16 to 12 12 005 010 010 020 020 plus Aluminum bronze Low lead bronze Copper Magnesium Steel heat treated Steel forgings Bakelite Hard rubber Aluminum castings not heat treated Free cutting steel Free cutting brass Cast iron Di...

Page 120: ...9 3 4 3 9 4 3 4 8 5 3 5 8 6 3 6 8 7 3 7 7 8 7 9 7 10 6 11 6 12 6 13 5 14 5 Axial tilt 75 20 Axial tilt 0 2 0 3 0 5 0 7 0 9 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 1 3 5 3 8 4 2 4 5 4 9 5 3 Rad roll Rad roll 0 5 0 9 1 4 1 9 2 4 2 8 3 3 3 8 4 2 4 7 5 2 5 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 7 5 8 5 9 4 10 4 11 3 12 3 13 2 14 2 Axial tilt 70 22 1 2 Axial tilt 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 ...

Page 121: ...546 2 183 1 910 1 528 1 273 1 091 955 849 764 694 637 588 546 509 477 449 424 68 756 46 594 34 378 27 502 22 918 21 826 17 189 8 594 5 729 4 297 3 438 2 865 2 455 2 148 1 719 1 432 1 228 1 074 955 859 781 716 661 614 573 537 505 477 76 392 50 928 38 196 30 557 25 464 21 826 19 098 9 549 6 366 4 775 3 820 3 183 2 728 2 387 1 910 1 591 1 364 1 194 1 061 955 868 796 734 682 637 597 562 530 84 032 56 ...

Page 122: ...Seven VIII STANDARD WHEEL SHAPES Standard Shapes of Grinding Wheel Faces When no face is specified a straight A face wheel is furnished The different faces which are regularly supplied are designated by letters as shown below 110 ...

Page 123: ...ter Diameter of Flat Inside Large Diameter of Bevel Diameter of Recess Radius Thickness Over AH Width of Face Angle of Bevel Thickness of Wall Type No 1 Straight Type No 1 Cut off Type No 2 Cylinder Type No 5 Recessed One Side Type No 6 Straight Cup Type No 6 Beveled Face Type No 11 Flaring Cup T y p e N o 1 1 B e v e l e d F a c e Type No 12 Dish 111 D H T A w D R H T w A D K R T E H J w D T w D ...

Page 124: ... 6 7469 7 1438 7 5406 7 9375 8 3344 8 7312 9 1281 9 5250 9 9219 10 3188 10 7156 11 1125 11 5094 11 9062 12 3031 12 7000 FRACTION OF INCH 33 64 17 32 35 64 9 16 37 64 19 32 39 64 5 8 41 64 21 32 43 64 11 16 45 64 23 32 47 64 3 4 49 64 25 32 51 64 13 16 53 64 27 32 55 64 7 8 57 64 29 32 59 64 15 16 61 64 31 32 63 64 1 000 DECIMAL OF INCH 515625 53125 546875 5625 578125 59375 609375 625 640625 65625 ...

Page 125: ...perature the exact tem perature and the period the temperature is held depends upon the composition of the metal being annealed and cooling it slowly to remove stresses to induce soft ness to refine the structure to alter physical properties Apprenticeship A period of time agreed upon between employer and apprentice during which the employer promises to teach the apprentice the fundamentals of the...

Page 126: ...olves Bed One of the principal parts of a machine tool having accurately machined ways or bearing surfaces for supporting and aligning other movable parts of the machine Bevel The angle formed by a line or a surface that is not at right angles to another line or surface Blotter A disc of compressible material usually of blotting paper stock used be tween a wheel and flanges when mounting Bond The ...

Page 127: ...e Also the trade name for this abrasive Cast Iron Iron which is cast in molds is granular in form and contains a high percentage of carbon in the form of graphite It cannot be rolled forged or tempered Casting A part made by pouring molten iron into a mold Sand is commonly used for making the mold Center A fixed point about which the radius of a circle or an arc moves Center Dead A stationary cent...

Page 128: ...rincipal part of a lathe frequently called a compound rest consisting of an upper and lower part dovetailed together The lower part or base is graduated in degrees and can be swiveled to any angle for turning short tapers and angles The upper slide carries the tool post and toolholer Concave Surface A curved depression in the surface of an object Concentric Having a common center Cone Wheel A smal...

Page 129: ...iding or spacing holes slots gear teeth and geometric shapes precisely When geared to the table lead screw of a universal miller helices sometimes called spirals can be cut A grinder universal workhead which can be accurately indexed rotated by several methods is also termed dividing head Dog lathe or grinder A device clamped onto work so that it can be machined between centers A drive pin from th...

Page 130: ...n often measured by a profilameter measuring surface roughness Finishing The final cuts taken with a grinding wheel to obtain accuracy and the surface desired Fixture A device for holding work in a machine tool Flanges The circular metal plates on a grinding machine wheelshaft arbor or collet used to drive the grinding wheel by friction clamping See wheel sleeves Flaring Cup Wheel A cup wheel with...

Page 131: ...in grit Abrasive classified into predetermined sizes for use in polishing in grinding wheels and in coated abrasive Grain Size The size of the cutting particles of a grinding wheel or polishing abrasive Grain Spacing The relative position of the cutting particles in a grinding wheel Gray Iron The most popular type of cast iron alloy used for machine castings When broken the cast iron appears dark ...

Page 132: ...wn on the blueprint Interlocking Cutters Milling cutters consisting of two sections Mating sections are similar to half side or staggered tooth cutters with uniform or alternate helical teeth so designed that the paths of teeth overlap when in proper assembly Internal Grinding Grinding the inside surface I D inside diameter of the hole in a workpiece Jo Block Precisely made steel or carbide blocks...

Page 133: ...achine Tool The name given to that class of machines which taken as a group can reproduce themselves Mandrel A hardened tapered or slightly tapered metal shaft with the outside precisely concentric with the center holes which is pressed into an accurate hole of a workpiece to support and revolve the part between centers Metal Slitting Saw A thin milling cutter for slotting or cutting off stock in ...

Page 134: ...ght or tapered plain or threaded and of any cross sectional shape Profilometer An instrument for measuring the degree of surface roughness in micro inches and often stated in R M S root mean square values Pulley A wheel having a plain or V groove rim over which a belt runs for the trans mission of power from one shaft to another Rack A flat strip with teeth designed to mesh with teeth on a gear Us...

Page 135: ...t Angle An angle of 90 degrees Right Cut Tool A single point lathe tool which when viewed from the point end of the tool with the face up has the cutting edge on the right side When used in the lathe the cutting edge is on the left side and cuts when fed from right to left Right Hand Cutter A term used to describe both rotation and helix of milling cut ters A cutter that rotates clockwise when vie...

Page 136: ...ngle ground on the sides of a single point cutting tool It is replaced by the new term side relief angle Side Milling Cutters Cutters which have cutting teeth on one or both sides as well as on the circumference Side Relief Angle On a single point cutting tool the angle between the portion of the flank immediately below the cutting edge and a line drawn through this cutting edge perpendicular to t...

Page 137: ... is used to prevent slender work from springing away from the cutting tool or wheel or to permit machining operations to be performed on the end of the workpiece Sometimes called a center rest Stops Devices attached to the movable parts of a machine tool such as a grinder table to limit the amount of travel When set and clamped in position they assure the uniformity of each workpiece Projections o...

Page 138: ...chamfered back for a length of 8 to 10 threads for easy starting T Bolt A threaded bolt having a square or rectangular end which fits into the T slot of a machine table for clamping workpieces Teeth Molded organic bonded abrasive segment for insertion in the periphery of a steel disc Also cutting segments or flutes of a milling cutter Temper The heat treatment of a material to develop required qua...

Page 139: ...ether Ways The flat or V shaped bearing surfaces on a machine that aligns and guides the movable part of the machine that rides on them Wheel Dresser A device to true the face of a grinding wheel Wheel Sleeves A form of flange used on precision grinding machines where the wheel hole is larger than the machine arbor Usually the sleeve is so designed that the wheel and sleeve are assembled as one un...

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