HP 8510 User Manual Download Page 38 | Manualshive

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Figure

6-1.

Amplifier

Gain,

Frequency

Domain

P

oint-in-Pulse

The

dynamic

range

can

b e

increased

using

IF

a

v

eraging,

but,

given

the

system

noise

o or

with

the

wide

IF

bandwidth,

an

a

v

eraging

factor

of

ab out

256

a

v

erages

is

the

maximum

v

alue

that

should

b e

used.

In

general,

using

an

a

v

eraging

factor

greater

than

256

will

not

result

in

an

y

increase

in

visible

dynamic

range.

Frequency

Domain

P

oint-in-Pulse

Measurements

6-3

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Summary of Contents for 8510

Page 1: ...o the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your product This manual provides the best information we could find It may be incomplete or contain dated information and the scan quality may not be ideal If we find a better copy in the future we will add it to the Agilent website Support for Your Product Agilent no longer sells or supports this product You will find any other available pro...

Page 2: ...User s Guide HP 8510 Pulsed RF Network Analyzer ABCDE HP Part No 08510 90505 Printed in USA March 1995 ...

Page 3: ...erial Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 for DOD agencies and subparagraphs c 1 and c 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 for other agencies c Copyright 1988 Hewlett Pa...

Page 4: ...ther country HP warrants that its software and rmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument HP does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or rmware will be uninterrupted or error free LIMITATIONS OF WARRANTY The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper main...

Page 5: ......

Page 6: ...ed RF Measurements 2 1 Theory of Operation 2 2 Test Set Signal Flow 2 3 3 Principles of Pulsed RF Network Measurements Pulse Repetition Period PRP 3 1 Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF 3 1 Duty Cycle 3 2 Pulse Width 3 2 Rise Fall Time 3 2 Trigger Delay 3 2 Pulse Pro le Measurement Resolution Period 3 3 4 Pulse Measurements Overview Pulsed RF S parameters versus Frequency 4 1 Pulse Pro le Domain 4 3 5...

Page 7: ...ycle Time 8 3 Sweep Time 8 3 Pulse Width 8 3 Duty Cycle Limit 8 3 Pulse Pro le Domain Stop Time 8 3 Frequency Domain Trigger Delay 8 3 Pulse Repetition Period and Duty Cycle Considerations 8 4 External Trigger and Stop Sweep Signals 8 5 9 Using External Triggering and Pulse Modulation Connect the Pulse Generator 9 1 10 High Power Measurements Signal Level Characteristics 10 1 Connecting external s...

Page 8: ...es 11 1 Pulse Menus 11 2 Pulse Con guration Menu 11 2 DETECTOR WIDE BW 11 2 DETECTOR NORMAL BW 11 3 PULSE WIDTH 11 3 DUTY CYCLE 11 3 PULSE OUT HIGH 11 3 PULSE OUT LOW 11 3 TRIGGER DELAY 11 3 TRIG MODE INTERNAL 11 3 TRIG MODE EXTERNAL 11 3 HP 8510 Option 008 Added Programming Codes 11 4 HP 8510 Option 008 Added Query Commands 11 4 Contents 3 ...

Page 9: ...dth 10 s Trigger Delay 5 s 5 7 5 7 S11 Frequency Domain Pulse Width 10 s Trigger Delay 15 s 5 8 6 1 Ampli er Gain Frequency Domain Point in Pulse 6 3 7 1 Frequency List Display During Measurement Calibration 7 3 7 2 Pulse Pro le Frequency List Segment Number 1 7 3 7 3 S21 Pulse Pro le Thru 7 4 7 4 Minimum Time Span Resolution Period 100 ns 7 6 7 5 S11 Smith Chart 7 6 8 1 Network Analyzer Measureme...

Page 10: ... an introduction to using the front panel for measurement setup measurement calibration and basic network measurements Organization of This Document This section contains a list of the chapters in this document and a brief description of the contents of each chapter System Description Introduces the HP 8510B C Option 008 Pulsed RF measurement capability Principles of Pulsed RF Network Measurements...

Page 11: ...ng to show the system s internal pulse repetition period and duty cycle capabilities Using External Triggering and Pulse Modulation This section contains information to help you determine if your application requires external pulse modulating equipment and instructions for connecting the external equipment High Power Measurements Discusses the special considerations required to protect the test sy...

Page 12: ...Figure 1 1 HP 8510 Pulsed RF Network Analyzer System Introduction 1 3 ...

Page 13: ......

Page 14: ...xtends the HP 8510 applications into two major areas tests in which the stimulus signal to the device is pulsed and tests of devices which accept a CW input and produce a pulsed output The HP 8510 pulsed RF network analyzer system allows you to calibrate in the same environment as your measurement For example if you are making a high power pulsed RF measurement you can calibrate in the same high p...

Page 15: ... detectors This eliminates the need to use the reference signal for receiver phaselock and allows all reference and test signals to be pulsed thereby making fully error corrected 2 port pulsed RF S parameter measurements possible Figure 2 1 Simplified Pulsed RF Network Analyzer Block Diagram Using a wider bandwidth in both the reference and the test IF synchronous detectors that operate at 20 MHz ...

Page 16: ...ration at high PORT 1 and PORT 2 signal levels necessary in many pulsed RF applications The test set has rear panel access links to allow integration of additional test and signal conditioning equipment in the low loss main signal paths to the test ports If your device exhibits more than about 20 dB of gain or higher port signal levels are required refer to the High Power Measurements chapter Hewl...

Page 17: ...Figure 2 2 HP 85110A S Parameter Test Set Signal Flow 2 4 System Description ...

Page 18: ...the measurement is made at some user speci ed time relative to the start of the pulse The time until the next pulse consists rst of the time required for the analyzer to set up for the next measurement and second if necessary waiting to satisfy the user speci ed pulse width and duty cycle limit In the frequency domain when the analyzer is tuned to the next frequency the maximum PRP is about 30 mil...

Page 19: ...me The pulse transition time tr pulse rise time The time it takes for the pulse to rise from the 10 percent ON condition to the 90 percent ON condition tf pulse fall time The time it takes for the pulse to fall from the 90 percent ON condition to the 10 percent ON condition The normal IF responds to rise fall times of about 75 microseconds the wideband IF responds to rise fall times of about 300 n...

Page 20: ...jacent Pulse Pro le domain data points The minimum is 100 nanoseconds This is set by an algorithm depending upon the Pulse Pro le stop time pulse width and number of time points Figure 3 1 Pulse Terms and Definitions Principles of Pulsed RF Network Measurements 3 3 ...

Page 21: ......

Page 22: ...g the pulse Pulsed RF S parameters versus Frequency Pulsed RF tests in the frequency domain are accomplished by synchronizing the measurement process with the pulse so that the measurement is made at a single user speci ed time during the pulse At each frequency the sources are tuned the RF is turned on then the measurement is made after a certain delay Figure 4 1 shows an example of this frequenc...

Page 23: ...Figure 4 1 Pulsed RF S Parameters versus Frequency Frequency Domain Point in Pulse 4 2 Pulse Measurements Overview ...

Page 24: ...points is measured Time zero is the leading edge of the internally generated pulse output waveform or the falling edge of the externally generated measurement trigger waveform The HP 8510 automatically controls the time increment between samples called the measurement resolution period using an algorithm that depends upon the greater of the user speci ed pulse width or stop time This automatic sel...

Page 25: ...Figure 4 2 Pulsed RF S Parameters versus Time Pulse Profile Domain Measurement Internal Pulse Output and Internal Measurement Trigger 4 4 Pulse Measurements Overview ...

Page 26: ...r more detailed information on the standard features of the HP 8510 refer to the HP 8510 Operating and Programming manual System Connections Figure 5 1 shows the cable connections for the recommended HP 85108 pulse con guration Notice that the RF source serves as the 10 MHz frequency reference for the system although the reference can be the LO source or the HP 8510 Many applications will also inc...

Page 27: ...Figure 5 1 System Cable Connections 5 2 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed RF Measurements ...

Page 28: ...NNNNNNNNNNNN FILE 8 The M enhancement annotation should appear at the left side of the screen This shows that the HP 8510 is operating in the multiple source mode 3 Load pulsed RF instrument state into inst state 8 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INST STATE 8 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE 8 4 After loading the les press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 29: ...Figure 5 2 Typical Response After Recall Inst State 8 Frequency Detector WB Mult Srce On Figure 5 3 Domain Pulse Profile Marker 5 4 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed RF Measurements ...

Page 30: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE CONFIG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE WIDTH 6 Change the pulse width value Notice that as you increase the pulse width past a certain point the measurement time for each data point will increase 7 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUTY CYCLE then change the the duty cycle limit This sets the maximum duty cycle percent allowed by the internal measurement timin...

Page 31: ...le User1 a1 Marker 1 Press S11 to view the ratioed measurement Notice that the trace is at when the pulse is On and noisy when the pulse is O Figure 5 5 Pulse Profile S11 5 6 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed RF Measurements ...

Page 32: ... averaging pulse width and duty cycle settings resulting in less than about 1 millisecond PRP will not change the actual system PRP Also the PRP and duty cycle can vary during the sweep To learn more about control of these values refer to the General Timing Information chapter Frequency Domain Check 1 Press 4DOMAIN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY 2 If the W annotation does not appear pres...

Page 33: ... point the measurement time for each data point will increase 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUTY CYCLE Change the the duty cycle limit This changes the maximum duty cycle percent allowed by the internal measurement timing logic Notice that combinations of long pulse width and low percent duty cycle will increase the measurement time for each data point Note Frequency Domain System Duty ...

Page 34: ...nd low when the pulse is O Press 4MARKER5 then move the marker to various points on the trace Adjust the time span and number of points for the desired display Notice that the measurement resolution period is set by the pulse width stop time and number of points Press 4DOMAIN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY If the W annotation does not appear press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNN...

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Page 36: ...key to measure the calibration standard the HP 8510 pulse output signal is set to the active state RF always On during measurement of the standard This assures that the calibration is made with respect to the On portion of the pulse independent of the trigger delay Note for external triggering you control the pulse width and duty cycle during calibration and measurement You must set the trigger de...

Page 37: ...may be less Set Trigger Delay After Preset the trigger delay is set to 5 microseconds This means that the frequency domain measurement will take place 5 microseconds after time zero Time equals zero seconds is when the HP 8510 pulse output goes to the active level turning on the pulse modulator Use the following procedure to set the trigger delay Press 4STIMULUS MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNN...

Page 38: ...raging but given the system noise oor with the wide IF bandwidth an averaging factor of about 256 averages is the maximum value that should be used In general using an averaging factor greater than 256 will not result in any increase in visible dynamic range Frequency Domain Point in Pulse Measurements 6 3 ...

Page 39: ......

Page 40: ...sentially no di erence in the accuracy of the pulse pro le measured data whether the calibration is performed in the pulse pro le domain as described in the rst procedure or in the frequency domain as described in the second procedure The main advantage of calibration in the frequency domain is that you can calibrate at all frequencies in the list while only connecting the standards once Pulse Pro...

Page 41: ...ENCY to select the frequency domain If the W annotation is not displayed the wideband detector must be selected before proceeding 2 Press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE CONFIG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DETECTOR WIDE BW 3 Press 4STIMULUS MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIST to display the Edit List m...

Page 42: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE PROFILE 5 Press 4STIMULUS MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY LIST NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SINGLE SEGMENT The last selected segment will be active Figure 7 2 Pulse Profile Frequency List Segment Number 1 Pulse Profile Domain Measurements 7 3 ...

Page 43: ...ration standards Figure 7 3 is typical the trace is at at 0 dB when the pulse is On and noisy around 0 dB when the pulse is O The noise during pulse O will vary depending upon the relative signal levels in the reference and test signal paths Figure 7 3 S21 Pulse Profile Thru Set Pulse Polarity After instrument preset the pulse polarity is set to High for the On period of the pulse appearing at the...

Page 44: ...le may be less Set Measurement Time Span The HP 8510 automatically chooses the minimum possible given the HP 8510 hardware and rmware capabilities time between samples and thus the measurement resolution period depending upon the larger of the pulse width time or the stop time This results in a minimum possible span time which depends upon the current number of points To view the pulse with minimu...

Page 45: ...priate cal set or frequency list segment depending upon the calibration procedure used Figure 7 5 shows the S11 response using the Smith chart format The marker is showing the input impedance during the On time of the pulsed RF stimulus Figure 7 5 S11 Smith Chart 7 6 Pulse Profile Domain Measurements ...

Page 46: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CORRECTION ON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL SET n This sequence makes certain that the cal set applies to the domain in which it was created Another method is to save a number of instrument states each with the appropriate domain and cal set then simply recall the desired instrument state If a cal set created in the pulse pro le domain is turned On while i...

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Page 48: ...cle you will need to learn more about how these are a ected by the instrument state The following paragraphs provide information that can be used to predict the internal PRP for di erent instrument states Network Analyzer Measurement Cycle Figure 8 1 shows the general measurement process ow of the network analyzer measurement cycle For the frequency domain point in pulse measurement and the pulse ...

Page 49: ...waits for the next trigger to make the next measurement for that data point If averaging is complete but another parameter is required 2 Port correction is On the next parameter is selected and the process waits for the next trigger When all data for that point is acquired then the process moves to the next point changing the frequency if in the frequency domain or the time if in the pulse pro le ...

Page 50: ...y cycle limit Frequency Domain Trigger Delay If the frequency domain trigger delay is greater than the duty cycle limit trigger delay will control the minimum frequency domain measurement cycle time Additional considerations are Pulse Output is set to the active level during measurement of any calibration standard Pulse Output is set to the inactive level during the sweep retrace Pulse Output is s...

Page 51: ... pulse pro le domain or about 30 milliseconds in the frequency domain Figure 8 2b shows the same conditions with averaging on and an averaging factor of four Now four measurements are taken for each data point with the measurement cycle time alternating between 1 millisecond for each of the measurements required for the averaging and the time to move to the next data point Figure 8 2c shows the me...

Page 52: ...ng Stop Sweep remains Busy low until the measurement cycle is complete This information is important for synchronizing the pulse modulation to the external trigger It is easy to learn the timing by using an oscilloscope to view Stop Sweep when the external trigger is applied Press 4STIMULUS MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 53: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGERING EXTERNAL is selected the falling edge of the external trigger input de nes time equals zero seconds for each measurement cycle Stop sweep falls immediately and stays low until the HP 8510 completes the measurement cycle and is ready to accept the next trigger The time period that stop sweep remains busy depends upon the next measurement function to be ...

Page 54: ...od to control the PRP and duty cycle of the pulsed RF stimulus is to use an external pulse generator to provide the pulse modulation input to the RF source Figure 9 1 shows a simple setup In this example the same TTL pulse train provides the pulse modulation input to the RF source and to the HP 8510 rear panel TRIGGER IN connector However in your application it may be desireable to use di erent sy...

Page 55: ...e 9 1b shows connection of an external pulse modulator instead of the internal modulator in the RF source Figure 9 2 shows results using this pulse modulation and triggering method when the pulse modulation input to the RF source is a continuous train of 10 microseconds PRP 50 percent duty cycle pulses The same input is applied to TRIGGER IN and TRIGGERING EXTERNAL is selected 9 2 Using External T...

Page 56: ...trigger delay to an appropriate value is 1 Press 4DOMAIN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE PROFILE then set appropriate Start and Stop times 2 Press 4MARKER5 then move the marker to the point on the pulse you want the frequency domain measurement to be made 3 Press 4STIMULUS MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 57: ......

Page 58: ...level as measured by the user parameters is 010 dBm Higher signal levels cause errors due to compression and lower signal levels produce greater uncertainty due to noise Caution Components in the test set will be be damaged at certain signal levels To avoid damage observe the following operating precautions Use the PORT 1 and PORT 2 attenuators Stimulus Power menu to protect the mixer input 0 the ...

Page 59: ...e connectors labeled HIGH POWER IN connect to the front panel measurement PORT 1 or PORT 2 Note the damage levels indicated in Figure 10 1 The maximum power rating of the forward reverse switch is 20 dBm applied at the RF input or applied to the forward reverse poles via either LOW POWER OUT connector The maximum signal level applied at either HIGH POWER IN connector or to either of the front pane...

Page 60: ...ment of an ampli er having about 30 dB of gain Using the standard RF source power setting of 9 dBm the signal level at Port 1 is about 0 dBm the level at the b2 mixer is about 5 dBm and the signal level at the reverse pole of the forward reverse switch is about 30 dBm In order to avoid damage The ATTENUATOR PORT 2 step attenuator must be set to at least 20 dB to protect the b2 mixer and An attenua...

Page 61: ...d Port 2 in order to reduce the signal level incident at Port 2 to less than 43 dBm for the HP 85110A and 47 dBm for the HP 85110L The ATTENUATOR PORT 2 step attenuator must be set to 30 dB in order to protect the b2 mixer and The reverse pole of the forward reverse switch must be protected by installing an attenuator or isolator in the rear panel PORT 2 links to reduce the signal level at the rev...

Page 62: ...a1 or b1 is greater than 010 dBm at any point in the trace increase the ATTENUATOR PORT 1 value Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USER 3 a2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REDEFINE PARAMETER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DRIVE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DRIVE PORT 2 Observe the IF signal level Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USER 2 b2 and observe the IF signal lev...

Page 63: ...ossible by changing the setup Set the Attenuators If only the Port 1 or Port 2 attenuators are changed the following procedure can minimize the errors 1 Connect a short or a thru and set the Port 1 and Port 2 attenuators for best IF signal levels during calibration 2 Perform the appropriate measurement calibration 3 With an appropriate standard connected set the Port 1 and Port 2 attenuators to th...

Page 64: ...ce may be e ective in your application If it is necessary to change other parts of the test setup especially components connected to the test ports or connected between the rear panel links this procedure may require additional steps to adequately compensate for the changes Selecting the Appropriate Measurement Calibration The HP 8510 pulsed RF network analyzer system allows you to calibrate in th...

Page 65: ...or measurement of di erent parameters the automatic switching used in the 2 Port error model cannot be used 3 Test set con guration changes error terms other than frequency response between calibration and measurement If changes to the test set between calibration and measurement signi cantly change the directivity isolation source or load match or frequency response error coe cients measured duri...

Page 66: ...e Using Display Math Specify device input output requirements Con gure test set for these levels plus guardband Connect operating device and verify levels Con gure setup for best dynamic range Connect standards and verify levels Change setup for best dynamic range during calibration Perform measurement calibration j Before saving cal set con gure setup for operating device Connect appropriate stan...

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Page 68: ...NNNN 9 NNNNNNNN x1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SOURCE 2 NNNNN 1 NNNNN 8 NNNNNNNN x1 3 Set sweep mode Press 4STIMULUS MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN STEP 4 Multiple source control Edit the Multiple Source con guration to set the LO source 20 MHz above the test source and tune the receiver to 20 MHz as follows 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT MULT SRC NNNNNNN...

Page 69: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SOURCE 2 EXT LEVEL 4STIMULUS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER SOURCE 1 495 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER SOURCE 2 405 415 405 4x15 5 Finally 4SAVE5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INST STATE POWER UP 8 Store the instrument stat...

Page 70: ...f the pulse Preset PULSE OUT LOW Selects the polarity of the TTL Pulse Output to Low for the On period of the pulse Trigger Mode Menu The new Trigger Mode menu is reached by pressing STIMULUS MORE TRIGGER MODE TRIGGER DELAY Active only in the Frequency domain used to set the delay between the internal or external measurement trigger and the actual measurement Range 0 s to 40 88 ms Preset 5 s TRIG ...

Page 71: ... trigger Select External measurement trigger PULOHIGH PULOLOW Select Pulse Output active high Select Pulse Output active low PULP PULSE PROFILE Select Pulse Pro le domain PULW value time su x Set Pulse Output pulse width Automatically sets pulse pro le sample resolution to 100 ns 200 ns 1 s or 10 s pulse pro le minimum span and minimum start time TRID value time su x Set measurement trigger delay ...

Page 72: ...Figure 11 1 Option 008 Domain Stimulus and System Menus Reference Data 11 5 ...

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