6 BASIC WELDING GUIDE
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© ESAB AB 2021
not usually necessary to remove this, since it serves a similar purpose to the backing weld in
securing proper fusion at the root of the weld.
Fillet welds
These are welds of approximately triangular cross section made by depositing metal in the corner
of two faces meeting at right angles, see figure "Multi-runs in HV fillet weld".
A piece of angle iron is a suitable to start or two strips of steel may be tacked together at right
angles.
Using a 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) E7014 electrode at 100 A, position the angle iron with one leg horizontal
and the other vertical. This is known as a horizontal-vertical (HV) fillet. Strike the arc and
immediately bring the electrode to a position perpendicular to the line of the fillet and about 45°
from the vertical. Some electrodes require to be sloped about 20° away from the perpendicular
position to prevent slag from running ahead of the weld, see the figures below. Do not attempt to
build up much larger than 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) width with a 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) electrode, otherwise the
weld metal tends to sag towards the base, and undercut forms on the vertical leg. Multi-runs can
be made as shown below. Weaving in HV fillet welds is undesirable.
Figure 60: Electrode position for the HV fillet weld
Figure 61: Multi-runs in HV fillet weld
Vertical welds
•
Vertical up
Tack weld a three feet long angle iron to your workbench in an upright position. Use a 1/8
in. (3.2 mm) E7014 electrode and set the current at 100 A. Make yourself comfortable in a
seat in front of the workpiece and strike the arc in the corner of the fillet. The electrode
needs to be about 10° from the horizontal to enable a good bead to be deposited, see the
figures below. Use a short arc, and do not attempt to weave on the first run. When the first
run has been completed remove the slag and begin the second run at the bottom. This
time a slight weaving motion is necessary to cover the first run and obtain good fusion at
the edges. At the completion of each side motion, pause for a moment to allow weld metal
to build up at the edges, otherwise undercut will form and too much metal will accumulate
in the centre of the weld. Figure "Multi run vertical fillet weld" illustrates multi run technique
and figure "Examples of vertical fillet welds" shows the effects of pausing at the edge of
weave and of weaving too rapidly.
