S1C17 CORE MANUAL
Seiko Epson Corporation
2-7
(Rev. 1.2)
2.5 Register Notation and Register Numbers
The following describes the register notation and register numbers in the S1C17 Core instruction set.
2.5.1 General-Purpose Registers
In the instruction code, a general-purpose register is specified using a 3-bit field, with the register number entered
in that field. In the mnemonic, a register is specified by prefixing the register name with “
%
.”
%rs
rs
is a metasymbol indicating the general-purpose register that holds the source data to be operated on or
transferred. The register is actually written as
%r0
,
%r1
, ... or
%r7
.
%rd
rd
is a metasymbol indicating the general-purpose register that is the destination in which the result of op-
eration is to be stored or data is to be loaded. The register is actually written as
%r0
,
%r1
, ... or
%r7
.
%rb
rb
is a metasymbol indicating the general-purpose register that holds the base address of memory to be ac-
cessed. In this case, the general-purpose registers serve as an index register. The register is actually written
as
[%r0]
,
[%r1]
, ... or
[%r7]
, with each register name enclosed in brackets “
[]
” to denote register indi-
rect addressing.
In register indirect addressing, the post-increment/decrement and pre-decrement functions provided for
continuous memory addresses can be used.
Post-increment function
Example:
ld %rd,[%rb]+
; (1)ld %rd,[%rb] (2)%rb = %rb + 2
The base address is incremented by an amount equal to the accessed size after the memory has been ac-
cessed.
Post-decrement
function
Example:
ld.a %rd,[%rb]- ; (1)ld.a %rd,[%rb] (2)%rb = %rb - 4
The base address is decremented by an amount equal to the accessed size after the memory has been ac-
cessed.
Pre-decrement
function
Example:
ld.b -[%rb],%rs ; (1)%rb = %rb - 1 (2)ld.b [%rb],%rs
The base address is decremented by an amount equal to the access size before accessing the memory.
Also any desired value can be specified as the address increment/decrement value using the
ext
instruc-
tion.
rb
is also used as a symbol indicating the register that contains the jump address for the call or jump in-
structions. In this case, the brackets “
[]
” are unnecessary, and the register is written as
%r0
,
%r1
, ... or
%r7
.
The bit field that specifies a register in the instruction code contains the code corresponding to a given register
number. The relationship between the general-purpose registers and the register numbers is listed in the table below.
Table 2.5.1.1 General-Purpose Registers
General-purpose register
R0
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
Register number
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Register notation
%r0
%r1
%r2
%r3
%r4
%r5
%r6
%r7
2.5.2 Special Registers
The special registers that can be directly specified in the S1C17 Core instructions are the SP (Stack Pointer)
and PC (Program Counter) only. The register is actually written as
%sp
,
[%sp]
,
-[%sp]
,
[%sp]+
,
[%sp]-
,
[%sp+imm7]
, or
%pc
.
