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Appendix 

B

Telnet Commands

Introduction to Telnet Commands

This Appendix contains information and examples on managing and
monitoring the Switch via Telnet, including:

■

 

General Commands

■

 

Diagnosis Commands

■

 

Routing Commands

■

 

License Commands

Telnet Zoning commands are in Chapter 6.

The user can configure, operate, and test the Switch using the following
commands and settings through the Telnet interface.

NOTE:

  Screen displays in this Appendix are generic, your display will vary depending on

configuration, licenses, and port type.

Summary of Contents for AA-RHBYA-TE 135267-001

Page 1: ...StorageWorks Fibre Channel Storage Switch User s Guide AA RHBYA TE 135267 001 First Edition April 1999 Part Number AA RHBYA TE 135267 001 Compaq Computer Corporation...

Page 2: ...uter Corporation All rights reserved Printed in the U S A The software described in this guide is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement The software may be used or copied only...

Page 3: ...nstallation Summary 2 1 Package Contents 2 1 Selecting an Operating Location 2 3 Cooling Air Requirements 2 3 Power Requirements 2 4 Selecting a Switch Mounting Method 2 4 Placing the Switch on a Surf...

Page 4: ...rnet Subnetmask 3 11 Fibre Channel IP Address 3 11 Fibre Channel Subnetmask 3 12 Gateway Address 3 12 Domain 3 13 BB_credit 3 13 R_A_TOV 3 13 E_D_TOV 3 14 Operating Mode 3 14 Virtual Channels 3 15 VC...

Page 5: ...Tools for Managing with SNMP 3 35 syslog Daemon 3 38 Introduction 3 38 syslogd Support 3 39 Error Message Format 3 40 Message Classification 3 41 Switch configuration 3 42 syslogd configuration 3 42 C...

Page 6: ...istrative Interface Page 5 22 Telnet Interface Page 5 26 Popup Help Dialog Box 5 27 Chapter 6 Zoning Zoning Overview 6 1 Increased SAN Control 6 2 The Simplicity of Zoning 6 3 Fibre Channel Fabric Cus...

Page 7: ...abricShow B 9 fastboot B 10 flashDefault B 11 flashDownload B 12 flashSet B 16 flashShow B 22 h B 26 help B 27 i B 29 ifShow B 31 ipAddrSet B 32 login B 33 ipAddrShow B 33 logout B 33 nsAllShow B 34 n...

Page 8: ...ePost B 72 diagShow B 73 Routing Commands B 76 bcastShow B 76 fspfShow B 78 interfaceShow B 79 LSDbShow B 84 mcastShow B 88 nbrStateShow B 90 topologyShow B 92 uRouteShow B 95 License Commands B 97 li...

Page 9: ...n 2 10 Figure 2 9 Securing the Brackets in the Front 2 11 Figure 2 10 Securing the Brackets in the Rear 2 11 Figure 2 11 Attaching Cable Ties to the Rack Rails 2 13 Figure 2 12 Switch Cable Connection...

Page 10: ...mand Example B 2 Figure B 2 agtcfgShow Command Example B 3 Figure B 3 aliasShow Command Example B 5 Figure B 4 date Command Example B 6 Figure B 5 dateShow Command Example B 7 Figure B 6 errShow Comma...

Page 11: ...igure B 45 ramTest Command Example B 68 Figure B 46 rdramTest Command Example B 69 Figure B 47 spinSilk Command Example 1 B 70 Figure B 48 spinSilk Command Example 2 B 71 Figure B 49 diagDisablePost C...

Page 12: ...ow Field Command Descriptions B 4 Table B 2 aliasShow Command Field Descriptions B 5 Table B 3 DateShow Command Field Descriptions B 7 Table B 4 fabricShow Command Field Descriptions B 10 Table B 5 fl...

Page 13: ...ld be pressed simultaneously USER INPUT User input appears in a different typeface and in uppercase Type When you are instructed to type information type the information without pressing the Enter key...

Page 14: ...d with these symbols indicates the presence of electrical shock hazards Enclosed area contains no operator serviceable parts WARNING To reduce the risk of injury from electrical shock hazards do not o...

Page 15: ...her in multiple rack installations A rack may become unstable if more than one component is extended for any reason Extend only one component at a time Getting Help If you have a problem and have exha...

Page 16: ...duct serial number s Product model name s and numbers s Applicable error messages Add on boards or hardware Third party hardware or software Operating system type and revision level Detailed specific...

Page 17: ...dual port interface cards the 16 port model has eight interfaced card installed on the motherboard NOTE Note Zoning Cascading FL_ports SES and Copper Media are not fully supported by Compaq as of Apr...

Page 18: ...ng up to 8 dual port interface cards and software for building and managing a Fibre Channel Fabric The primary function of a Fabric is to receive frames from a source N_Port host bus fibre channel ada...

Page 19: ...and manaage the Switch using the front panel controls 4 Power Connector Connects the Switch to the power source 5 ON OFF Switch Turns the Switch ON and Off 6 Front Panel Controls The front panel contr...

Page 20: ......

Page 21: ...bit Interface Converter GBIC modules ordered separately Connect cables to the Switch Turn on the power to the Switch Enter the IP address Package Contents Make sure the following items are included in...

Page 22: ...t contents while Figure 2 1 illustrates the parts Table 2 1 Universal Mounting Kit Parts Part Description Part Number Quantity Slide bracket 74 60352 01 2 Mounting bracket 74 60354 01 2 Extender brack...

Page 23: ...mised The operating location you select for the Switch must meet cooling air requirements and power requirements Cooling Air Requirements Cooling air is drawn into the Switch chassis by the power supp...

Page 24: ...witch power supply so the ac source should include provisions to assure clean ac power Selecting a Switch Mounting Method The Switch can be placed on a table top or other surface or it can be mounted...

Page 25: ...service Verify that all the other equipment installed in the rack has a reliable ground connection do not rely on connection to a branch circuit such as a power strip Route and support the power cord...

Page 26: ...he Mounting Template 2 Pencil mark the mounting bracket holes on each side of the rack with an M 3 Slide a clip nut over the marked hole on each rear rail Figure 2 3 4 Attach a mounting bracket to the...

Page 27: ...ont and rear vertical rails Figure 2 2 first on one side of the cabinet and then on the other side make sure the template is parallel from front to rear IMPORTANT In a rack front installation the temp...

Page 28: ...e eight rail holes marked M Figure 2 5 SHR 1382 Figure 2 5 Installing the Mounting Brackets in a RETMA 42U or Compaq Classic Rack 5 Attach each mounting bracket to the rack rails by inserting SEMS 10...

Page 29: ...the other side make sure the template is parallel from front to rear IMPORTANT The template front should be positioned against the front rail while the template rear should be positioned against the r...

Page 30: ...a rack rear installation Use Figure 2 7 or Figure 2 8 to guide you in installing the slide brackets on the Switch attach each bracket with two SEMS 10 32 x 9 32 pan head screws CAUTION Make sure you u...

Page 31: ...parallel to the floor when you insert the slide brackets into the mounting brackets you could damage the brackets if you tilt the Switch Slide the Switch all the way into the mounting brackets and sec...

Page 32: ...Port The module is keyed and you can insert it only one way if you feel resistance after you have inserted the module about an inch into the G_Port you have oriented it incorrectly When it is oriented...

Page 33: ...125 m cladding diameter Connector type Duplex SC plug connectors Maximum cable length 500 meters 1641 feet 50 m 125 m 200 meters 656 feet 62 5 m 125 m GBIC module type Shortwave 770 850 m without ope...

Page 34: ...test completes successfully the message Passed appears on the display When all the tests have been completed the display returns to the normal dark condition and the Port LEDs show a steady green ligh...

Page 35: ...cond Steady green Online connected with external device over cable Slow green Online but segmented loopback cable or incompatible Switch flashes every 2 seconds Fast green Internal loopback diagnostic...

Page 36: ...l After the Switch successfully completes POST proceed as follows 1 Press the down arrow button far left button The display shown Configuration Menu 2 Press the left arrow button far right button This...

Page 37: ...This chapter discusses Comparing Switch Management Methods Managing the Switch Using the Front Panel Controls Managing Via Telnet Managing with SNMP syslog Daemon Managing the Switch using StorageWork...

Page 38: ...ork Management Protocol SNMP No Yes Yes Web based management Managed remotely though web No Yes Yes Managing with Command Console Managed remotely though Command Console No Yes Yes NOTE An advanced se...

Page 39: ...agement information StorageWorks Comand Console GUI interface is not shown Management Information Front Panel SES Device SNMP Agent Telnet Web SNMP HTTP UDP TCP FCP IP Over Ethernet Push Buttons LED D...

Page 40: ...es At this point there are no Host Bus Adapters HBAs that can initiate in band fibre channel IP connections For that reason it is necessary to have at least one Ethernet connection into the Fabric Fro...

Page 41: ...92 168 65 09 192 168 65 10 192 168 65 11 192 168 65 12 Default Gateway 192 168 65 10 any 192 168 65 10 192 168 65 10 The effect of this special connectivity is that the route to all switches will be t...

Page 42: ...layed value 3 Up Up scrolls up the command list or if the user is changing a numeric display pressing this button increments the numeric value 4 Tab Esc Tab Esc tabs through multiple options When disp...

Page 43: ...panel buttons activates the display If no command is issued the display turns off after 30 seconds Menus The menus are controlled using front panel buttons From the initial display users can navigate...

Page 44: ...et Subnetmask ipAddrSet none Fibre Channel IP Address ipAddrSet 192 168 91 1 Fibre Channel Subnetmask ipAddrSet Gateway Address ipAddrSet none Domain flashSet 1 BB_credit flashSet 16 G_Port 0 FL_Port...

Page 45: ...boot reboot N A Status Switch Name switchShow N A Worldwide Name switchShow N A Firmware Version version N A Current Date date N A Booted At dateShow N A Firmware Date dateShow N A Flash Date dateShow...

Page 46: ...he Configuration Menu selects the option to choose commands IMPORTANT After changing any IP address from the following menus from the front panel or Telnet you must reboot the Switch for the changes t...

Page 47: ...mask none The default subnet mask value is none Refer to the network administrator for the appropriate subnet mask Enter the Switch s subnet address by using Up and Down to increment or decrement the...

Page 48: ...one as shown in the example Consult your network administrator for the appropriate subnetmask Enter the Switch s Fiber Channel Subnetmask by using Up and Down to increment or decrement the displayed v...

Page 49: ...0 For a complete description of buffer to buffer credit refer to the industry specification Fibre Channel Physical and Signalling Interface FC PH R_A_TOV Pressing Enter while R_A_TOV is selected disp...

Page 50: ..._TOV value in milliseconds for values other than whole seconds This timer is used to flag a potential error condition when an expected response is not received an acknowledgment or reply in response t...

Page 51: ...causes some attached device to fail When this mode is set devices that do not register themselves with the Name Server will not be present in the Name Server data base 8 No_MCast operating mode Set t...

Page 52: ...channel bandwidth Option 1 allows data receipt acknowledgment packets to use the VC 1 internal Switch traffic channel which frees additional bandwidth in the data channel and transfers the data receip...

Page 53: ...s and indicates that this virtual channel assigned to handle internal Switch traffic has the highest priority This priority value cannot be changed by the user The second position indicated with a 1 s...

Page 54: ...especially in bigger loops Frame Collection Pressing Enter while Frame Collection is selected displays Frame Collection Method Bundle Piling This command specifies two frame collection methods bundle...

Page 55: ...the Switch Offline message is displayed Operation Menu Switch Offline NOTE You can observe and verify this process by watching the front panel LEDs change color from green to slow flashing amber as e...

Page 56: ...ed opens a submenu where you select the port Operation Menu Port Enable Pressing Enter while the selected port is displayed enables the selected port The LED associated with selected port changes from...

Page 57: ...is selected displays Reboot Accept Yes No Selecting Yes causes the Switch to immediately reboot Selecting No or pressing Tab Esc exits this function Status Menu You can retrieve information on the Sw...

Page 58: ...Booted At Pressing Enter while Booted At is selected displays the Switch s boot time Boot AT Mon Dec 14 18 34 20 1998 Firmware Date The date always reflects the firmware assembly date The Firmware Da...

Page 59: ...Prom Date is selected displays Boot Prom Date Jun 12 08 48 29 PST 1997 This display gives the date and time the Boot Prom was manufactured Use this date to establish the Boot Prom version Port Type P...

Page 60: ...port that can operate either as an E_Port or an F_Port but has not yet assumed a specific function in the Fabric L FL_Port is a Switch port connected to an arbitrated loop Indicates no port is install...

Page 61: ...or the aggregate of all port s performance Temperature Pressing Enter while Temperature is selected displays Temperature 36 34 37 36 35 NOTE Using the Up or Down buttons the user can toggle between C...

Page 62: ...01 30 Date and time of the last occurrence each error type was sensed Total number of occurrences of each error type Error type Error level 0 4 0 Panic when this level is reached the Switch automatica...

Page 63: ...st Menu are part of the diagnostic and fault isolation capabilities These tests and their use are discussed in the Service Guide Managing Via Telnet To make a successful Telnet connection to a Switch...

Page 64: ...s users access to all Show commands plus any commands in the help menu Most Switch administration is performed at this level root username 0 Gives access to an extensive command set that can significa...

Page 65: ...ext books on SNMP for more detailed discussions of the protocol and usage Within the SNMP model a manageable network consists of one or more manager systems or network management stations and a collec...

Page 66: ...riable sysDescr defines the description of an agent system The existence of a particular value for a MIB object in the agent system is known as a MIB object instance or simply instance Some MIB object...

Page 67: ...example the object sysObjectID has the full identifier of 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 2 For readability the notation system 1 may be used The Switch s agent supports the following SNMPv1 manager Command line utilit...

Page 68: ...pped with the default identifiers SysDescr System description the default value is set as Fibre Channel Switch sysObjectID System object identifier vendor s authoritative identification 1 3 6 1 4 1 15...

Page 69: ...tes an IP interface Ethernet loop back or embedded N_Port has become available NOTE linkUp and linkDown traps are not associated with removing or adding a Ethernet cable This is strictly a driver indi...

Page 70: ...itch is rebooted running This is due to SNMP running from cache while the active settings are running from the flash PROM The parameters that can be configured include SNMPv1 communities up to 6 trap...

Page 71: ...n 1 Install Compaq CNMS on your PC 2 Login to your PC 3 Double click on the Compaq CNMS icon on the desktop 4 When the User settings Wizard will pops up Choose normal and click Next Choose default pol...

Page 72: ...rogram and restart for the device type to take effect Exit and restart Compaq CNMS 13 When the program starts you will be prompted with the User Settings Wizard Click on cancel You should now see the...

Page 73: ...vironment For specific SNMP site requirements refer to your system administrator To integrate the Enterprise MIB into the SNMP database 1 Rename and place the copy of the femib mib or swmib mib defini...

Page 74: ...and severity Please refer to the manual pages on your UNIX system for a list of facilities and severity levels The log process is used to log errors and system events on the local machine and are sent...

Page 75: ...rred where syslogd is running not on the machine where the error log physically resides syslogd applications for NT and Win95 are available at no charge on several FTP servers on the Internet syslogd...

Page 76: ...log of error number 0 from the Switch then the Switch rebooted between the two errors The error message includes the Switch that reported the error with the following event information ID of the task...

Page 77: ...sw9 _shellTask 0x198 0x1003a6d8 Jul 11 16 48 25 sw9 _vxTaskEntry 0x10 0x10114d14 Jul 11 16 48 25 sw9 Message Classification syslogd messages are classified according to facility and priority severity...

Page 78: ...uration provides the syslogd with instructions on how to handle different messages The following are example entries in a syslog configuration file etc syslog conf on how to store Switch error message...

Page 79: ...Managing the Switch 3 43 The local7 prefix identifies the message from a Switch Note that usually a file must exist and have the proper permission in order for the syslogd to write to it...

Page 80: ......

Page 81: ...ou to manage the Switch Fabric and your HSG80 Storage Subsystem from the same window Once the software is installed you can access manage and configure the Switch and Fabric by double clicking on an i...

Page 82: ...ments An Internet browser installed and operating on your computer You need a TCP IP compatible network to communicate between your Windows platform and the Switch Two software components are required...

Page 83: ...2 Fibre Channel Network Window Accessing Switch Web Tools From the Command Console Fabric Window you can enable Switch Web Tools Chapter 5 details how to use Web Tools to manage the Switch and Fabric...

Page 84: ......

Page 85: ...eneral configuration Real time graphical Switch port status and statistics report Port performance shown graphically polled up to 2 5 seconds depending on operating system and browser used Four minute...

Page 86: ...User s Guide Glossary help Online help HTML pages Out of band interface via a 10BaseT Ethernet connection Main Web Tools Screens The Web management tools provide five screens shown in Figure 5 1 as fo...

Page 87: ...stry media GBIC or Gigabit Interface Converter used by the ports and each port s LED status From this view more information is available about the Switch by moving to either the Performance View or th...

Page 88: ...for Switch diagnostics troubleshooting and management Installing Web Tools and Logging on to the Switch Fabric Management and Licensing All Compaq Switches are license It is possible that other Switc...

Page 89: ...e key is unique to each Switch therefore a license for one Switch will not operate on another To install the License Key 1 Log on the Switch via Telnet 2 On the Telnet command line type licenseShow 3...

Page 90: ...other accesses are rejected Web Tools Operational Concepts When using Switch Web Tools note the following Clickable areas are highlighted with a hint displayed in the left side bottom bar of your bro...

Page 91: ...tration Interface Page Telnet Interface Page The Web interface Switch management system provides a Graphical User Interface GUI for users to display Fabric topology general Switch information port tra...

Page 92: ...ames to connect to individual Switches Each Switch has a unique name and the name should match its IP address If a Switch name is not recognized by the name resolution protocol it can be accessed by t...

Page 93: ...s paths and routing information For example the hop count which is the number of Switches a data frame from must pass through from source to the destination see Table 5 1 for field details The first i...

Page 94: ...5 10 StorageWorks Fibre Channel Storage Switch User s Guide Figure 5 3 Fabric Topology View Page...

Page 95: ...Managing the Switch over the Web 5 11 Figure 5 4 Fabric Topology View Page...

Page 96: ...is displayed including Output Ports Input Ports Metric Flag General Switch View Page The General Switch View Page Figure 5 5 shows a graphic representation of the Switch s front panel Normal long ter...

Page 97: ...window automatically if problems occur For example temperature exceeding maximum value a fan stops rotating or a port state becomes problematic Push buttons are placed in the bottom of the warning mes...

Page 98: ...default Fibre Channel IP address is a temporary number derived from the Switch s WWN You must enter a valid IP address in order to manage one Switch from another over the Fibre Channel FC NM The defau...

Page 99: ...Port LEDs Definition No light showing No light no module no cable for media interface LEDs power not applied for power indicator LED Steady yellow Receiving light but not yet online If the port transi...

Page 100: ...FL_Port as being offline if you are running cross port connected testing the reason is that you can have only one Principle per Switch The FL_Port to FL_Port testing still proceeds even though this is...

Page 101: ...Managing the Switch over the Web 5 17 Figure 5 6 Port Detail View Page...

Page 102: ...t the port has been marked faulty defective GBIC cable or device Diag_Flt the port failed diagnostics defective G_Port or FL_Port card or motherboard Online the port is up and running Lock_Ref the por...

Page 103: ...ed Fbsy Number of frames busy Link_Failure Number of link failure Loss_of_sync Loss of synchronization Protocol_err Protocol error Invalid_word Invalid word encoding errors inside of frames Invalid_cr...

Page 104: ...sed The port throughput graphs hold up to 60 seconds of performance data The Switch throughput graph at the bottom holds up to 4 minutes of performance data Vertical axis in each graph shows throughpu...

Page 105: ...Managing the Switch over the Web 5 21 Figure 5 7 Performance View Page...

Page 106: ...user name and password It is also used to download firmware and to reboot a Switch Only users with admin privilege can access this page Any changes made through this page may fundamentally change the...

Page 107: ...n To update the Switch domain enter the new domain and select the Commit Configuration Changes button Switch Name The switchName text box displays or sets the Switch s name To update the Switch name e...

Page 108: ...ator for the appropriate subnet mask value to enter here Switch Port Configuration Port Number The port number on a particular Switch Port Disabled If the box is checked the port is disabled It may ne...

Page 109: ...dress Remote User Name The remote user name Download File From The absolute directory path from the source host where the binary firmware file resides Note that you must use UNIX style forward slashes...

Page 110: ...To launch a Telnet session click on the Telnet button in the General Switch View Page Refer to Appendix B for Telnet commands Figure 5 9 Telnet Interface Page NOTE Users with User via Telnet or Admin...

Page 111: ...n order to display a new message when over 100 entries are recorded A single click on each item brings up a separate browser displaying glossary help or troubleshooting information The history is main...

Page 112: ......

Page 113: ...environments to deploy logical Fabric subsets by creating defined user groups or to create test and or maintenance areas that are separate within the Fabric Zoning allows you the flexibility to manage...

Page 114: ...ic configuration Zoning is one of the Fabric services that provide management for the SAN both automatically and transparently Increased SAN Control The Fabric provides a fast reliable and seamless in...

Page 115: ...nments by isolating systems that have different operating environments or uses Creating Fabric functional areas by separating test or maintenance areas from production areas Designating closed user gr...

Page 116: ...are arranged into logical groups over the physical Fabric configuration Zoning automatically and transparently enforces access of information to the zone devices 2 Why would I implement zones Zones c...

Page 117: ...ng Specifications Zoning Specifications they are Administration Zoning Enforcement Zoning Management Zoning Backup Administration Zoning management functions Creation Deletion Display of deleted chang...

Page 118: ...vices that access one another All devices connected to a Fabric may be configured into one or more zones Devices that are in the same zone can see each other devices that are in different zones can no...

Page 119: ...and port is specified as an eight hex number separated by colons For example 10 00 00 60 69 00 00 8a Zoning has no field knowledge within a World Wide Name the eight bytes are simply compared with the...

Page 120: ...are referenced but are not defined there may be duplicate members The Defined Configuration is the current state of the administrator s input Effective Configuration The Effective Configuration is a...

Page 121: ...t number a node world wide name or a port world wide name Aliases symbolic names are used to reduce the amount of typing required for Zoning administration A set of zones is configured during Zone Spe...

Page 122: ...ample enterprise backup Additionally Zoning provides Greater flexibility to manage a SAN with multiple operational objectives Finer configuration granularity to logically configure resources for impro...

Page 123: ...re six disk drives on a loop The Blue and Green zones share one storage array The Blue zone has a dedicated storage array NOTE the JBOD with Loop 2 is not in any zone cannot be accessed from any zone...

Page 124: ...20 37 0c 6a 40 21 00 00 20 37 0c 59 7e admin cfgEnable USA_cfg zone config USA_cfg is in effect Figure 6 2 Zone Management Example Figure 6 3 Zone Management Example 2 Zone Enforcement Zoning is enfo...

Page 125: ...ut when physical port number is not sufficient the local Switch has to query the remote Switch to get login data This data is then cached on the local Switch until a State Change Notification renders...

Page 126: ...e new Fabric If the Fabrics have different zone configuration data then the two sets of information are merged if possible or the Inter Switch Link ISL is segmented if a merge is not possible Merging...

Page 127: ...Commands Configuration Management Commands The Zoning commands are added to the shell admin account to manage zones zone aliases and zone configurations All commands other than the Show command return...

Page 128: ...aliAdd Adds a member to a zone alias aliCreate Creates a zone alias aliDelete Deletes a zone alias aliRemove Removes a member from a zone alias aliShow Shows zone alias definition cfgAdd Adds a zone t...

Page 129: ...configurations cfgDisable Disables a zone configuration cfgEnable Enables a zone configuration cfgSave Saves zone configurations in flash cfgShow Shows zone configuration definition Zone Alias Command...

Page 130: ...ommand aliCreate Figure 6 5 shows the aliCreate command which creates a new zone alias alias_name is a C style name for this zone alias and cannot already used for any other zone object alias_members...

Page 131: ...emove Command aliShow Figure 6 8 shows the aliShow command which prints the specified zone alias definition if a parameter is given otherwise all zone configuration information is printed admin aliSho...

Page 132: ...uration cfgShow Shows zone configuration definition cfgAdd Figure 6 9 shows the cfgAdd command which adds one or more new cfg_members to an existing zone configuration admin cfgAdd USA_cfg Green_zone...

Page 133: ...re 6 12 shows the cfgRemove command which removes one or more cfg_members from an existing zone configuration The members removed are found by an exact string match when removing multiple members orde...

Page 134: ...een_zone zone Blue_zone 0 1 array1 0 2 array2 zone Red_zone 0 0 loop1 alias array1 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 8c 21 00 00 20 37 0c 71 02 alias array2 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 22 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 28 alias lo...

Page 135: ...ons Command Description zoneAdd Adds a member to a zone zoneCreate Creates a zone zoneDelete Deletes a zone zoneRemove Removes a member from a zone zoneShow Shows zone definition zoneAdd Figure 6 14 s...

Page 136: ...op1 0 2 array2 value 0 0x0 Figure 6 15 zoneCreate Command zoneDelete Figure 6 16 shows the zoneDelete command which deletes an existing zone admin zoneDelete Blue_zone value 0 0x0 Figure 6 16 zoneDele...

Page 137: ...20 37 0c 71 02 alias array2 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 22 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 28 alias loop1 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 85 21 00 00 20 37 0c 71 df Effective configuration cfg USA_cfg zone Blue_zone 0 1 21 00 00...

Page 138: ...les a zone configuration cfgSave Saves zone configurations in flash cfgShow Shows zone configuration definition cfgClear Figure 6 19 shows the cfgClear command should be used with caution If a zone co...

Page 139: ...e is unchanged zoning is disabled if it was previously disabled or the previous effective configuration remains in effect If the compilation succeeds the previous effective configuration is disabled a...

Page 140: ..._zone zone Blue_zone 0 1 array1 0 2 array2 zone Red_zone 0 0 loop1 alias array1 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 8c 21 00 00 20 37 0c 71 02 alias array2 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 22 21 00 00 20 37 0c 76 28 alias loop1...

Page 141: ...s Table A 1 Switch Terminology Term Definition Alias Server A Fabric software facility that supports multicast group management Arbitrated Loop The FC Arbitrated Loop FC AL is a standard defined on to...

Page 142: ...t or NL_Port may transmit frames without over running the F_Port or NL_Port Class 2 In Class 2 service the Fabric and destination N_Port provide connectionless service with notification of delivery or...

Page 143: ...f high speed fiber connections A Fabric is an active intelligent interconnect capable of routing frames using only the destination ID of the frame Fibre A generic term used to cover all transmission m...

Page 144: ...ment port connected to the Fabric NL_Port The NL_Port is the designation of an equipment port connected to the Fabric in a loop configuration via an FL_Port Power on self test POST The POST is a serie...

Page 145: ...residing on a network Since SNMP does not rely on the underlying communication protocols it can be made available over other protocols such as UDP IP SNMPv1 The original standard for SNMP is now refer...

Page 146: ......

Page 147: ...uding General Commands Diagnosis Commands Routing Commands License Commands Telnet Zoning commands are in Chapter 6 The user can configure operate and test the Switch using the following commands and...

Page 148: ...w value o Control D to skip the rest of configuration or o Control C to cancel any change To correct any input mistake Backspace erases the previous character Control U erases the whole line sysDescr...

Page 149: ...sContact Field Support authTraps 0 OFF SNMPv1 community and trap recipient configuration Community 1 Secret C0de rw No trap recipient configured yet Community 2 OrigEquipMfr rw No trap recipient confi...

Page 150: ...nd User Premise sysContact The identification and contact information for this system By default this is set as Field Support authTrapsEnabled Trap authentication Possible values include 0 OFF 1 ON SN...

Page 151: ...Show Command Example Table B 2 aliasShow Command Field Descriptions Field Description Alias ID This is the multicast address and has the format of FFFBxx where xx is an odd number starting at 01 31 Th...

Page 152: ...date 1 Type the command followed by the date in the format mmddHHMMyy where mm is the month dd is the day HH is the hour MM is the minutes yy is the year Year 2000 compliant where 00 through 69 equal...

Page 153: ...Date and time the command was entered Booted at Last date and time the Switch was booted Firmware date Date and time the firmware was built Flash date Date and time the flash memory was last updated T...

Page 154: ...h automatically reboots and the display no longer shows the error 1 Critical 2 Error 3 Warning 4 Debug The following information is displayed in Figure B 6 The Switch detected two errors The task ID a...

Page 155: ...1 0x1 Figure B 6 errShow Command Example fabricShow Figure B 7 shows the fabricShow command which displays a list of Switches and multicast alias groups in a Fabric The fields are described in Table B...

Page 156: ...iple Switch in the Fabric multicast alias group Each line shows The alias group number 0 30 The alias group ID The alias token Alias groups are only created on demand by requests to the alias server t...

Page 157: ...fault values then the factory default does not take effect until the next reboot because the values are stored in cache For this reason it is recommended to always reboot the Switch immediately after...

Page 158: ...orageWorks Fibre Channel Switch version V1 6b New functionality is added with whole number changes fixes are fractions and small letters after the fraction determine the final release In the event tha...

Page 159: ...s of your host computer PC You may have to change the V1 6b to whatever the current Firmware file is called If you are logged into an NT system under an account other than administrator you will have...

Page 160: ...word password 4 Then type flashDownload 192 168 60 200 administrator V1 6b The 192 168 60 200 above must be replaced with the IP address of your Alpha host computer You may have to change the V1 6b to...

Page 161: ...paq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Switch host IP address must be in the rhosts file of the Compaq Tru64 host to allow login without password The basic steps are 3 Telnet to the Switch CLI 4 Telnet switch...

Page 162: ...es may be changed by typing the new value after the prompt or left unchanged by pressing the Return The fields are described in Table B 5 admin flashSet changing flash configuration domain_id 1 b_to_b...

Page 163: ...the industry specification Fibre Channel Physical and Signalling Interface FC PH r_a_tov Resource Allocation Time Out Value R_A_TOV is displayed in milliseconds This variable works with the variable...

Page 164: ...imer is used to flag a potential error condition when an expected response is not received an acknowledgment or reply in response to packet receipt for example within the set time limit If the time fo...

Page 165: ...ry process transmission of a Class F frame causes some attached device to fail When this mode is set Switches will not join to become a Fabric 4 No_Probe operating mode Set this mode only if the Switc...

Page 166: ...application The first two virtual channels are reserved for the Switch s internal functions and are not available The default virtual channel settings are already optimized for Switch performance Cha...

Page 167: ...d increase performance For a detail description of Alternate BB_Credit management refer to the FC AL specification 0 An NL_Port must wait for an R_RDY before it can send a frame to the FL_Port in a lo...

Page 168: ...g 192 168 64 1 u user tn open146 Config fl 0 fl 1 version 0002 0002 flags 0000 0000 domain 0001 0001 syslogd_ip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fc_ip_addr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fc_ip_mask 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb_credit 0010 001...

Page 169: ...escription Ethernet address Switch s Ethernet MAC address for an Ethernet connection Nvram data Remote host information including Ethernet interface fl 0 Flash 0 data contained on the CPU board fl 1 F...

Page 170: ...channels Positions 1 and 2 starting at the left of the display are fixed and displays 0 or 1 The first position a 0 shows and indicates that this virtual channel assigned to handle internal Switch tra...

Page 171: ...nancy send FAN frames Fabric Address Notification FAN frames are sent by the Fabric to notify the public loop devices about their node ID and address csum Checksum text off Text offset in flash text a...

Page 172: ...l history is similar to the Unix Korn shell history facility with a built in line editor similar to Unix vi that allows previously typed commands to be edited NOTE The shell history is reset by a rebo...

Page 173: ...elp display changes depending on the login user level and will display only those commands that are available to the current user This example shows admin level commands General Commands Diagnosis Com...

Page 174: ...FC IP addresses login Login as a new user logout Logout from remote session nsAllShow Print global Name Server information nsShow Print local Name Server information passwd Set usernames and passwords...

Page 175: ...Task _netTask 103f0370 50 READY 10134280 103f0740 0 0 tSwitch _switchTask 103e9500 80 PEND T 1014f718 103e9900 3d0004 36 tPBmenu _menuTask 103d7c20 90 PEND 1014f718 103d7fe0 0 0 tReceive _portRxTask 1...

Page 176: ...ield Description Name Task name Entry Task entry point ID TID Task ID PRI Task priority with VxWorks Status Current executing state of task PC Program counter SP Stack pointer ERRNO Last error number...

Page 177: ...Internet address 192 168 64 146 Broadcast address 192 168 64 255 Netmask 0xffffff00 Subnetmask 0xffffff00 Ethernet address is 00 60 69 00 04 64 Metric is 0 Maximum Transfer Unit size is 1500 2089 pack...

Page 178: ...Description Ethernet IP Address The default IP address on a new Switch is a temporary number derived from the Switch s WWN Enter a valid IP address Ethernet Subnetmask The Ethernet subnetmask value T...

Page 179: ...mmand which is used to display the Switch s IP addresses The fields are described in Table B 8 admin ipAddrShow Ethernet IP Address 192 158 1 14 Ethernet Subnetmask 255 255 255 0 Fibre Channel IP Addr...

Page 180: ...rts in the Fabric 614001 614301 value 0 0x0 admin nsAllShow 8 2 FCP Ports 6042ef 6045e8 value 0 0x0 Figure B 20 nsAllShow Command Example nsShow Figure B 21 shows the nsShow command which displays the...

Page 181: ...es If the number of retries attempts is exceeded the command either steps to the next user or exits saving any changes made thus far If the current password is incorrect the command exits without savi...

Page 182: ...user name admin passwd admin New username admin maint Old password passwd Password unchanged Updating flash done 5 Change the user name and password maint passwd maint New username maint admin Old pas...

Page 183: ...8 Change the user name and then finish with Ctrl D admin passwd New username admin maint Old password D Updating flash done maint portDisable Figure B 23 shows the portDisable command which is used t...

Page 184: ...switchShow command The command syntax is portEnable port admin portEnable 2 value 0 0x0 admin portEnable 5 admin fabric reconfiguring 5 4 3 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 value 0 0x0 Figure B 24 portEnable C...

Page 185: ...OL1 May 18 21 35 38 066 tSwitch Tx3 3 2112 02fffffd 00fffffd 4723bcbc May 18 21 35 38 083 tReceive Rx3 3 2112 02fffffd 00fffffd 4723bcbc May 18 21 35 38 083 tSwitch ioctl 3 80 a 0 May 18 21 35 38 083...

Page 186: ...6 00 21 899 interrupt scn 2 1 Jun 15 16 00 21 899 tFspf ioctl 2 ab ffffff 16 Jun 15 16 00 21 899 tFspf ioctl 16 ab ffffff 2 Jun 15 16 00 21 899 tReceive Rx3 2 116 22fffffe 00000000 04000000 Jun 15 16...

Page 187: ...n milliseconds Task The task name that logged the event or interrupt if the event was recorded from interrupt level code Event The possible Switch events include start the Switch first starts running...

Page 188: ...s different values depending on the task and event The following definitions are included For ioctl events cmd is the I O control command code More explanations are provided shortly For Tx and Rx even...

Page 189: ...er case are Fibre Channel ANSI Standard FC PH as follows AC Active State LR1 Link Reset LR Transmit State LR2 Link Reset LR Receive State LR3 Link Reset LRR Receive State LF1 Link Failure NOS Transmit...

Page 190: ...mand code indicating an accept or reject 8001 reject 8002 accept args The args field represents different values depending on the task and event The following definitions are included For ioctl events...

Page 191: ...second the number is followed by m This information is used to monitor port performance One line is printed per second summarizing the traffic on all ports admin portPerfShow 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1...

Page 192: ...Offline portPhys 4 No_Light portScn 0 portRegs 0xa0008000 portData 0x103ce320 portId 614200 portWwn 20 02 00 60 69 00 04 64 Interrupts 0 Link_failure 0 Frjt 0 Unknown 0 Loss_of_sync 0 Fbsy 0 Lli 0 Lo...

Page 193: ...ware register portData Pointer to driver private data portId The port address ID portWwn The port worldwide name Interrupt Statistics Interrupts Total number of interrupts Unknown Number of unknown in...

Page 194: ...o light Protocol_err Protocol error Invalid_word Invalid word encoding errors inside of frames Invalid_crc Invalid CRC in a frame Delim_err Delimeter error order set Address_err Address id error S_ID...

Page 195: ...me R_RDY high priority 0xa000c124 tim_txcrd_z 6 Time BB_credit zero 0xa000c128 er_enc_in 0 Encoding errors inside of frames 0xa000c12c er_crc 0 Frames with CRC errors 0xa000c130 er_trunc 0 Frames shor...

Page 196: ...t stat_c2_frx Number of Class 2 frames received stat_c3_frx Number of Class 3 frames received stat_lc_rx Number of link control frames received stat_mc_rx Number of multicast frames received stat_mc_t...

Page 197: ...el frame size i e a header with a 2 112 byte payload er_bad_eof The number of frames received with a badly formed end of frame er_enc_out Receive link the number of 8b 10b encoding errors recorded out...

Page 198: ...CLS while in the OPEN state fl_bb_stall Number of times FL_Port could not send or forward CLS because receive BB_Credit was not available Login BB_Credit 1 or the number of times FL_Port could not se...

Page 199: ...splays the Switches system log daemon IP address The command syntax is syslogdIp ip address admin syslogdIp syslog daemon s address 0 0 0 0 value 35 0x23 Figure B 32 syslogdIp Command Example switchDi...

Page 200: ...he Fabric is reconfigured this Switch is the principle address manager that is capable of assigning domain IDs to other Switches in the same Fabric You can observe and verify this process by watching...

Page 201: ...B 35 switchName Command Example The command syntax is switchName name of switch The switchName command displays the name of the current Switch By supplying an argument the user may set the name of the...

Page 202: ...9 00 04 64 port 0 sw Online L Port 1 private 1 phantom port 1 No_Module L Port port 2 sw No_Light L Port port 3 sw Online L Port 1 private 1 phantom port 4 No_Module port 5 sw Online E Port 10 00 00 6...

Page 203: ...main numbered Switch in a Fabric will become the master switchID The domain ID of this Switch s embedded port hex fffc00 to fffc7f switchWwn The World Wide Name of this Switch The WWN is a unique iden...

Page 204: ...the module is receiving light and is in sync Laser_Flt the module is signaling a laser fault defective GBIC Port_Flt the port has been marked faulty defective GBIC cable or device Diag_Flt the port fa...

Page 205: ...therboard admin tempShow 29 29 31 27 32 Centigrade 84 84 87 80 89 Fahrenheit value 11 0xb Figure B 37 tempShow Command Example version Figure B 38 shows the version command The fields are described in...

Page 206: ...tch User s Guide Table B 13 version Command Field Descriptions Field Description VxWorks version VxWorks operating environment version used on the processor Firmware version Switch firmware version Ma...

Page 207: ...specified port diagDisablePost Disable Power On Self Test diagEnablePost Enable Power On Self Test diagShow Print diagnostic status information value 1 0x1 Figure B 39 diagHelp Command Example routeH...

Page 208: ...ample crossPortTest The crossPortTest command which is used to check the communication between different interface module ports on the same Switch The Switch s G_Port and FL_Port ASICs CPU the interfa...

Page 209: ...bled In order to test a single FL_Port the Switch must be disabled If the Switch is disabled the single port feature of crossPortTest runs on all ports that are looped back to themselves If no ports a...

Page 210: ...T 7 Offline No_Module PRESENT G_PORT 8 Offline No_Light PRESENT G_PORT 9 Offline No_Light PRESENT G_PORT 10 Offline No_Light PRESENT G_PORT 11 Offline No_Light PRESENT G_PORT 12 Offline No_Light PRESE...

Page 211: ...Before issuing portLoopbackTest disable the Switch using the switchDisable command If you do not include the nFrames parameter the loopback test runs continuously until you press Return again If the t...

Page 212: ...frTx 311 frRx 0 LLI_errs looped 4 st5 311 frTx 311 frRx 0 LLI_errs looped 5 st6 311 frTx 311 frRx 0 LLI_errs looped 6 st7 311 frTx 311 frRx 0 LLI_errs looped 7 st8 311 frTx 311 frRx 0 LLI_errs looped...

Page 213: ...frames are transmitted and received and Low Level Interface counts LLI_errs Central Memory Status The central memory status Possible values include OK FAULTY Total Diag Frames Tx The total diagnostics...

Page 214: ...suing portRegTest disable the Switch using the switchDisable command This test validates that all registers can be successfully addressed admin portRegTest Running Port Register Test passed value 0 0x...

Page 215: ...the integrity of the hardware paths by sending data between connected ports at a maximum speed of 1 Gbps NOTE Any port combinations may be cross connected as long as you connect G_Ports to G_Ports and...

Page 216: ...moment please One or more ports is not active please doublecheck fibres on all ports Port SNMP Physical Flags 0 Offline Port_Flt PRESENT L_PORT LED 1 Offline No_Module PRESENT L_PORT CBL_LB LED 2 Offl...

Page 217: ...f 5 million frames port 1 Rx Tx 2 of 5 million frames port 0 Rx Tx 3 of 5 million frames port 1 Rx Tx 3 of 5 million frames port 0 Rx Tx 4 of 5 million frames port 1 Rx Tx 4 of 5 million frames port 0...

Page 218: ...ly 25 30 seconds Compaq recommends that POST processing always be executed to ensure the operational status of the Switch during the power on stage admin diagDisablePost Updating flash done On next re...

Page 219: ...w 4 executes diagShow every 4 seconds continuously unless stopped by pressing Return This may be used to isolate a bad GBIC A port with a changing LLI_errs value is prefixed by in the display The exam...

Page 220: ...st16 0 frTx 0 frRx 2 LLI_errs Central Memory OK Total Diag Frames Tx 0 Total Diag Frames Rx 0 Diagnostics Status Thu Jul 30 11 08 30 1998 port 0 1 2 3 10 11 12 13 16 diags OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK s...

Page 221: ...and Low Level Interface counts LLI_errs Note that port 16 is the embedded port Central Memory Status The central memory status Possible values include OK FAULTY Total Diag Frames Tx The total diagnos...

Page 222: ...broadcast frames The fields are described in Table B 16 This command is used to understand routes the broadcast frames take through the Fabric A bit set indicates that the corresponding port belongs t...

Page 223: ...tree as selected by the dynamic broadcast path selection protocol These are all E_Ports and this set is a subset of m_port Broadcast frames use these ports to reach all Fabric Switches and to enter i...

Page 224: ...000 minLSInterval 5 fspfQ 0x103ab560 fabP 0x103abde0 agingTID 0x103a98c0 agingTo 10000 flushTID 0x0 ddb_sem 0x103ab530 fabP event_sch 0x3 lsrRefreshCnt 0 value 20 0x14 Figure B 53 fspfShow Command Exa...

Page 225: ...e port for example variables allocated even when a port is down and neighbor information which includes variables associated with the remote Switch connected to the port A FSPF interface corresponds t...

Page 226: ...ghbId 2 idbNo 9 remPort 9 nflags 0x3 initCount 1 dbRetransList 0x1036d9d0 lsrRetransList 0x1036d9e0 lsrAckList 0x1036d9f0 inactTID 0x1036d960 helloTID 0x1036d910 dbRtxTID 0x1036d8c0 lsrRtxTID 0x1036d8...

Page 227: ...ransition number from an offline to E_Port state iState The current interface state It must be UP in order for the ISL to forward frames to the adjacent Switch state The current neighbor state Its val...

Page 228: ...to the neighbor Switch If an acknowledge is not received within rXmitTo the frame is retransmitted nCmdAcc The total number of commands accepted from the neighbor Switch It includes Hellos Link State...

Page 229: ...smissions of Link State Updates to the neighbor Switch nLsuOut nLsuOut is the number of Link State Updates actually transmitted to the neighbor Switch attLsaOut The number of attempted transmissions o...

Page 230: ...n a stable network Every Switch keeps a database of topology information associated with itself and the other Fabric Switches The topology information for a Switch consists of all neighbors that are i...

Page 231: ...t 1000 uHopsFromRoot 1 mOutIfs 0x0 parent 0x0 mPathCost 0 mHopsFromRoot 0 Link State Record Link State Record pointer 0x1036b650 lsAge 512 reserved 0 type 1 options 0x0 lsId 0 advertiser 0 incarn 0x80...

Page 232: ...en this database record was installed in milliseconds from boot Values are in hexadecimal and decimal format Debug fields These fields are internal Fibre Channel Shortest Path First FSPF information a...

Page 233: ...The total record length chksum The record checksum It includes all fields except lsAge linkCnt The link count is the number of neighbors in NB_ST_FULL state that are adjacent to the Switch described...

Page 234: ...4 0x00000084 0x00000000 9 0x00000084 0x00000084 0x00000000 10 0x00000084 0x00000084 0x00000000 11 0x00000084 0x00000084 0x00000000 12 0x00000084 0x00000084 0x00000000 13 0x00000084 0x00000084 0x000000...

Page 235: ...es Member ISL Ports Ports that belong to the interswitch broadcast distribution tree as selected by the dynamic broadcast path selection protocol These are all E_Ports and this set is a subset of m_po...

Page 236: ...the domain ID of all Switches directly connected to the local Switch and the port number on the local and remote Switch The fields are described in Table B 19 With no parameters it shows the neighbor...

Page 237: ...ateShow Command Field Descriptions Field Description Local Port Corresponds to idbNo in the neighbor data structure Domain Corresponds to nghbId in the neighbor data structure Remote Port Corresponds...

Page 238: ...rt The FSPF protocol supports equal cost multipaths so there could be multiple parallel paths between two Switches The command syntax is topologyShow to list all domains admin topologyShow Local Domai...

Page 239: ...Show domain ID to list the specified domain admin topologyShow 1 Local Domain ID 1 Domain Metric Hops Out Port In Ports Flags Name 1 2000 2 2 0x00000050 D open148 2 1 0x00000020 D 2 0 0x00000080 D val...

Page 240: ...is one hop away from the local Switch since 1000 is the cost of a 1 Gbps link Hops The number of hops Switches between the local and remote Switches Out Port The out port s used to route frames to th...

Page 241: ...t port to all the active domains in the Fabric uRouteShow displays the route for all the ports on the Switch to all the active domains in the Fabric In addition in all three formats uRouteShow shows f...

Page 242: ...the sum of all links costs traversed by a frame to reach the destination domain A metric of 1000 indicates the destination domain is one hop away from the local Switch since 1000 is the cost of a 1 G...

Page 243: ...Remove a license key from this switch licenseShow Show current license key value 1 0x1 Figure B 63 licenseHelp Command Example NOTE If you issue a licenseAdd you delete any license key if already inst...

Page 244: ...se will be displayed admin licenseShow Webtools Zoning SES value 7 0x1 Figure B 65 licenseShow Command Example licenseRemove Figure B 67 shows the licenseRemove command that deletes licenses products...

Page 245: ...umber for your Fibre Channel Storage Switch Federal Communications Commission Notice Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission FCC Rules and Regulations has established Radio Frequency RF emiss...

Page 246: ...area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at personal expense Class B Equipment This equipment has been tested and found to comp...

Page 247: ...00 OK COMPAQ For continuous quality improvement calls may be recorded or monitored For questions regarding this FCC declaration contact Compaq Computer Corporation P O Box 692000 Mail Stop 510101 Hous...

Page 248: ...Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada European Union Notice Products with the...

Page 249: ...ds including International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 825 With specific regard to the laser the equipment complies with laser product performance standards set by government agencies as a Class 1...

Page 250: ...the U S Food and Drug Administration implemented regulations for laser products on August 2 1976 These regulations apply to laser products manufactured from August 1 1976 Compliance is mandatory for p...

Page 251: ...Agency Notices C 7 Divergence Angle 53 5 degrees 0 5 degrees Output Power Less than 0 2 mW or 10 869 W m 2 sr 1 Polarization Circular 0 25 Numerical Aperture 0 45 inches 0 04 inches...

Page 252: ......

Page 253: ...ments 2 3 D Date setting the B 6 Declaration of Conformity C 3 default values 3 2 E European Union Notice C 4 F fabric topology 5 9 FCC Class A compliance notice C 2 FCC Class B compliance notice C 2...

Page 254: ...30 modifications FCC compliance statement C 3 N navigation Window 4 1 O operating modes 3 15 Option Kits 1 1 P Popup Help 5 27 port folders 5 16 port throughput 5 20 Port Types 3 24 Power capability...

Page 255: ...ns xiii thermometer 5 13 Traps 3 33 Enterprice Specific 3 33 U Universal Mounting Kit 2 2 V virtual channels 3 15 W warning messages 5 27 warnings electrical shock xiv rack stability xv Web pages 5 7...

Page 256: ......

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