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Overview of Networking

2-16

Interoperability and Standards Bodies

Layer Four: Transport

The Transport layer deals with the optimization of data transfer from source to
destination by managing network data flow and implementing the quality of
service requested by the Session layer. The Transport layer determines the packet
size requirements for transmission based on the amount of data to be sent and the
maximum packet size allowed by the network architecture. If the data to be sent is
larger than the maximum packet size allowed on the network, the Transport layer
is responsible for dividing the data into acceptable sizes and sequencing each
packet for transmission.

When receiving data from the Network layer, the Transport layer ensures that the
data is received in order and checks for duplicate and lost packets. If data is
received out of order, the Transport layer correctly orders the data and passes the
data up to the Session layer for additional processing.

Layer Three: Network

The Network layer accepts data from the Transport layer and adds the
appropriate information to the packet to provide proper network routing and
some level of error control. Data is formatted by this layer for the appropriate
communications method, such as IP, IPX, or X.25.

Layer Two: Data Link

The Data Link layer is involved with transmission, error detection, and flow
control of the data. The major function of the Data Link layer is to act as a shield
for the higher layers of the OSI model, controlling the actual processes of
transmission and reception. Error detection and control of the Physical layer are
the primary functions of this layer, ensuring that data received by the upper
layers is error-free. For purposes of understanding networking, it is useful to
divide the Data Link layer into two sub-layers; the Logical Link Control layer and
the Media Access Control layer (see Figure 2-7).

Figure 2-7. Data Link Layer

Logical Link Control

Media Access Control

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

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6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

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Summary of Contents for MMAC-5FNB

Page 1: ...Cabletron Systems Networking Guide MMAC FNB Solutions ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...RUM BRIM DNI FNB INA Integrated Network Architecture LANVIEW LANVIEW Secure Multi Media Access Center MiniMMAC MicroMMAC and TRMM are registered trademarks and Bridge Router Interface Modules CRXMIM CXRMIM Desktop Network Interface Distributed LAN Monitoring Distributed Network Server DLM EMM E6 EMME EPIM EPIM A EPIM C EPIM F1 EPIM F2 EPIM F3 EPIM T EPIM X ESXMIM ESXMIM F2 ETWMIM FDCMIM 04 FDCMIM ...

Page 4: ...ii ...

Page 5: ...Networks 2 3 Network Topology 2 4 Network Technologies 2 6 Media 2 7 Interoperability and Standards Bodies 2 13 Interoperability the Ideal of Networking 2 13 Standards and Compliance 2 13 The OSI Model Basis of Standards 2 14 Application of the OSI Model 2 18 Chapter 3 Technology Basics Ethernet 3 1 Abstract 3 1 Theory 3 2 Operation 3 2 Segmentation 3 4 Strengths and Weaknesses 3 6 Special Design ...

Page 6: ... Creating a Manageable Plan 4 18 Logical Layout 4 19 Fault Aversion 4 21 Network Maps and Record Keeping 4 22 Network Expandability 4 24 Network Migration 4 24 Designing with the MMAC 4 25 Modular Chassis 4 25 Reliability and Recovery 4 26 Technology Flexibility 4 27 Power Redundancy 4 29 Chapter 5 Ethernet Description 5 1 CSMA CD 5 1 Media 5 4 Connectivity Transceivers 5 4 Rules and Regulations 5...

Page 7: ...iguration 6 13 Design Philosophy 6 13 Design Example 6 13 Extending the Ring Ring In Ring Out 6 20 Brief Review of MAUs 6 21 Segmentation 6 22 Multi Ring Configuration 6 24 Design Philosophy 6 24 Design Example 6 24 Multichannel Token Ring 6 33 Multichannel Token Ring Configuration 6 34 Design Philosophy 6 34 Design Example 6 35 Chapter 7 FDDI Description 7 1 Media 7 2 Rings and Devices 7 3 Concen...

Page 8: ...ng Token Ring 8 11 Incorporating FDDI 8 11 Chapter 9 Expansion Token Ring Single Ring 9 1 Adding Stations 9 1 Adding New Rings 9 2 Incorporating New Technologies 9 2 Multi Ring 9 3 Adding Stations to Any Ring 9 3 Incorporating New Technologies 9 4 Port Assignment 9 4 Adding Stations to Any Ring 9 4 Incorporating New Technologies 9 5 Chapter 10 Expansion FDDI FDDI Workgroups 10 1 Adding Single Atta...

Page 9: ...art A 4 Segmented Token Ring Network Design Flowchart A 5 Multichannel Token Ring Network Design Flowchart A 6 FDDI Backbone Network Design Flowchart A 7 FDDI Workgroup Network Design A 8 MMAC Design Tables A 9 Ethernet Design Tables A 9 Token Ring Design Tables A 13 FDDI Design Tables A 16 Networking Standards and Limitations A 17 Ethernet A 17 Token Ring A 18 FDDI A 20 ...

Page 10: ...viii ...

Page 11: ...rate a relatively straightforward network design If you have experience with the design or operation of Cabletron networking products you may wish to refer mainly to the chapters dealing with the expansion of existing networks Chapters 8 through 10 Organization of Document In the interests of making this document accessible to as many customers of differing levels of experience as possible this Ne...

Page 12: ...ng the selection of a LAN technology and its organization Chapter 5 Ethernet offers training in greater depth for the Ethernet LAN technology This training includes the creation of example network configurations based on the concepts introduced Chapter 6 Token Ring provides training and configuration instruction for the Token Ring LAN technology including example configurations Chapter 7 FDDI is a...

Page 13: ...er will be contained in parentheses References to chapters or sections within this document will be printed in boldface type References to other publications or documents will be printed in italic type NOTE Note symbol Used to provide additional information concerning subsequent steps or actions that enhance the operator s knowledge of the step or action CAUTION Caution symbol Used to caution agai...

Page 14: ... you are interested in obtaining design assistance or a network installation plan from the Networking Services group contact your Cabletron Systems sales representative In addition to the availability of Networking Services The Cabletron Systems Technical Support department is available to answer customer questions regarding existing Cabletron Systems networks or planned expansion issues Contact C...

Page 15: ...It is the nature of information to accumulate beyond the point that every person has all the information required to perform productively This separation is a factor that has been part of the business world for centuries The rise of printing a postal service and the telephone can be viewed as ways that businesses and agencies have created and adopted means of providing information to those with ab...

Page 16: ...ring of information between several worldwide sites greatly improves the consistency of company documents and products provides for the rapid integration of new policies and supplies a system for seamless worldwide collaboration on projects By reducing the delay inherent in the operations of business a LAN increases productivity By providing users management sales and production alike with rapid a...

Page 17: ...les each day The Classification of Networks While all networks are different they all have a number of common defining characteristics which serve to illustrate the type of network being discussed or examined The most important characteristics for the purposes of this guide are topology technology media and devices For the purposes of explanation this chapter of the Networking Guide uses one cohes...

Page 18: ...hen necessary Will pre determined representatives speak for the members of their group Will an intermediary or moderator determine who has the floor or will the opportunity to speak pass from participant to participant in a particular order Although the growing complexity and scale of networks has caused some topologies to bleed over into others the topologies can be useful starting points for des...

Page 19: ...of traffic control determining when traffic is allowed to travel up and down the branches of the tree Similar to a well defined chain of command the tree topology shields disparate network groups from affecting each other The tree topology also facilitates much more straightforward troubleshooting procedures The main downfall of the tree topology is its own organization If there is a failure on on...

Page 20: ...ould be called a ring of stars As networks grow to encompass more and more of a facility s needs topologies tend to hybridize in order to fulfill the individual needs of workgroups and departments Network Technologies While a topology describes the way a network is physically laid out the network technology defines how the devices that make up the network receive and transmit information deal with...

Page 21: ...sted Pair STP and specific technology related cable types such as the Attachment Unit Interface AUI cable defined in the Ethernet technology specification It is important to note that some media are not supported by some technologies For example neither the Token Ring nor FDDI standards support the use of coaxial cables Each technology will define what media it supports and to what extent Some tec...

Page 22: ...ckbone media Transceivers devices designed to TRANSmit and reCIEVE network signals are connected to the cable at specified distances from one another and standard transceiver AUI cables connect these transceivers to the network devices Due to the extensive shielding thick coaxial cable is highly resistant to electrical interference by outside sources such as lighting machinery etc Because of the b...

Page 23: ...erference as the shielding of thick coaxial cable does but does not provide the same extent of protection Thin coaxial cable can be run to a maximum length of 185 meters 606 7 ft As with thick coaxial cable thin coaxial cable allows multiple devices to connect to a single cable Up to 30 transceivers may be connected to a single length of thin coaxial cable spaced a minimum of 0 5 meter from one an...

Page 24: ...referred to here as UTP but also may be termed copper wire 10BASE T wire Category 3 4 or 5 Ethernet wire telephone cable or twisted pair without shielded or unshielded qualifier is commonly made up of two or ideally four pairs of 22 24 or 26 AWG unshielded copper solid or stranded wires These pairs of wires are twisted together throughout the length of the cable The twisting of associated pairs he...

Page 25: ...al resistance to the effects of external electrical fields produced by electrical equipment or other cabling STP cabling like UTP cabling is divided into groups based on fitness for a particular purpose Where UTP referred to Categories of cable STP cabling is divided into types These types are based on the IBM Cabling System and are often labeled IBM Type 1 STP IBM Type 1 cable is usually the high...

Page 26: ...ly cover Single Mode Fiber Optics Single mode fiber optics driven by the concentrated beams of light which can only be produced by lasers are constructed in the same fashion as multimode fiber optics but may use a narrower core strand The use of lasers to drive the signal greatly increases the expense involved in producing single mode fiber optic devices as opposed to multimode fiber optic devices...

Page 27: ...tandards and Compliance Interoperability requires the following of standards distinct rules and finite margins within which network operation and performance must be kept If a network does not meet the minimums or exceeds the maximums of the networking standard that the industry uses it is said to be out of specifications and may not operate at an acceptable level For example the Token Ring networ...

Page 28: ...a framework for the development of system connection standards by defining a consistent hierarchy of rules The OSI model defines where the needed tasks of system interconnection are performed but not how they are performed How tasks are performed on a given layer is determined by the protocols or rules written for that particular network based on the OSI model The layers may be implemented in hard...

Page 29: ...rs and collaborative document preparation Layer Six Presentation The Presentation Layer deals with data translation and code conversion between devices with different data formats i e ASCII to EBCDIC This layer also handles translation between differing device types and file formats as well as data encryption and decryption services In the transmit mode the presentation layer passes information fr...

Page 30: ...p to the Session layer for additional processing Layer Three Network The Network layer accepts data from the Transport layer and adds the appropriate information to the packet to provide proper network routing and some level of error control Data is formatted by this layer for the appropriate communications method such as IP IPX or X 25 Layer Two Data Link The Data Link layer is involved with tran...

Page 31: ...a Access Control The Media Access Control or MAC sub layer is responsible for severla areas of operation On the transmit side the MAC layer is responsible for receiving data from the Logical Link Control sub layer and encapsulating it into a packet ready for transmission The MAC sub layer is also responsible for determining if the communications channel is available and for handling retransmission...

Page 32: ...ses through all the layers of the system before appearing on the data channel at the Physical layer where transmission and reception of signals takes place Figure 2 8 Transmission through OSI Model From the data channel the message passes upward through the same layers at the destination device As the message proceeds from layer to layer each layer strips off information that was added by its coun...

Page 33: ...y avoids detailed discussions and enumerations of the limits and capacities of Ethernet Token Ring and FDDI For more detailed information refer to the more extensive discussions of each technology contained within chapters 5 6 and 7 Ethernet Abstract Ethernet is a local area networking technology that was initially developed in the 1970s by the Xerox Corporation It is based on the principles of wo...

Page 34: ...ions on the network share this central corridor increases in traffic makes the availability of this corridor less and less likely This translates to a decrease in the available bandwidth as more stations are added to the network While a network may be able to move 9 Mbps with 10 stations on it the same network with 300 stations on it may only be able to move 2 or 3 Mbps Operation Packets The messa...

Page 35: ...ion The monitoring of the media helps to avoid collisions If the media is not in use the station will add some futrther control information to the packet effectively encapsulating it in what is called an Ethernet frame Once the frame has been generated it will be transmitted It then returns to monitoring the network to see if the frame it just sent is involved in a collision Even though the media ...

Page 36: ... they carry out the task in different ways and with different results Bridges Bridges operate by reading in frames from one interface to determine if they are intended for the network they are read from If the bridge determines that a frame being examined is in fact intended for a station on the network it was received from it will discard the frame After all the destination station is on the same...

Page 37: ...router connects networks together are more complex however While bridges and switches can connect similar networks to each other routers can connect dissimilar networks Routers are often used in situations where the functions of a bridge would not be robust enough for the required operations of the network Routers by examining packets of information on the network can determine not only if those p...

Page 38: ...les which are relatively easy to check before implementing a network installation Troubleshooting The design of a simple Ethernet network is based on the many cables one LAN philosophy Every Ethernet station is connected to every other Ethernet station through the shared medium of the many cables and repeaters As every station is connected to every other station locating and eliminating network pr...

Page 39: ...fully thought out and examined in order to achieve an optimized efficiency When planning any segmented network keep in mind that the more thought that is put into the segmentation of the network the less difficult accommodating current and future needs will be Troubleshooting A segmented Ethernet makes troubleshooting on the whole less difficult and network crippling than a simple Ethernet Althoug...

Page 40: ...tion The design process for a switched Ethernet network is exactly the same as that for a segmented Ethernet network see above Troubleshooting Troubleshooting a switched Ethernet network is similar to the troubleshooting of a segmented Ethernet see above One advantage to the switched Ethernet network design from a troubleshooting point of view is that Ethernet switches typically provide for the in...

Page 41: ...eing less costly to implement than the much faster Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI technology Theory Token Ring network operation is based on the principle that the operation of the entire network determines when a station may transmit and when it will receive Stations monitor one another and one station acts as a ring monitor keeping track of important statistics Token Ring stations are con...

Page 42: ...g It then releases the token allowing another station to claim it The orderly fashion in which Token Ring networks operate allows them to incorporate built in fault location and recovery features These features help the network through its normal operation to detect problems with stations or cabling on the ring and to either correct or bypass them The fault recovery process occurs without human in...

Page 43: ...oken Ring bridges perform exactly the same function as Ethernet bridges but the actual mechanics of segmentation work differently Where Ethernet bridges determine to forward frames based on the correlation between the destination address of a frame and whether that destination address has been seen on the network the frame originated from Token Ring bridges allow the frame itself to tell them wher...

Page 44: ...dges that may be designed into a Token Ring network An IEEE 802 5 compliant Token Ring network may contain no more than 14 rings connected by no more than 13 bridges Routers A Token Ring router performs the same function as an Ethernet router It provides for the interconnection of two or more Token Rings and transmits frames between them based on more detailed information than is required by bridg...

Page 45: ...are detailed in Chapter 6 Token Ring The automatic fault recovery features greatly increase the reliability of a properly configured Token Ring network Ease of Configuration Token Ring networks require extensive planning and design before they are configured A large number of rules surround the creation of Token Ring networks and these rules change depending upon the operating speed of the network...

Page 46: ...t complex network technology treated in this Networking Guide The inherent complexity of design and configuration of a Token Ring network is added to the requirements of segmentation and bridging decisions For those who fully understand the Token Ring technology or have some experience designing single Token Ring networks the move to a segmented Token Ring network is a simple one For those with li...

Page 47: ...an FDDI standard were ratified in 1988 by the American National Standards Institute or ANSI The FDDI Working Group X3T9 5 for whom the FDDI standard is named have continued to release specifications and updates to make the FDDI technology more accessible and capable for network operations Recently additional specifications have been ratified and published which detail the use of transmission media...

Page 48: ...ed to each other through the dual ring single ring connections are often used to make connections to workstations and end users while the dual ring handles connections between hubs Devices As there are two types of rings in FDDI networks there are also two methods that FDDI devices may use to connect to the network FDDI device may be dual attached connecting directly to the dual ring or single att...

Page 49: ...s time required to perform operations not all workstations are capable of using all 100 Mbps provided by the network In some cases the applications or workstations on your network may not be robust enough to get the full use out of FDDI A careful examination of the amount of networking traffic you expect from the workstations can help you decide if FDDI will be useful for your network Reliability ...

Page 50: ...evices used and in part due to the relatively small installed base of FDDI networks FDDI networking hardware remains among the most expensive in the networking industry In conjunction with the expense involved in installing and purchasing fiber optic cabling the default media for FDDI connections FDDI is easily the most expensive standardized technology addressed in this Networking Guide This adde...

Page 51: ...ific uses to which they are put several aspects of the overall process of network design are not treated in this document such as the selection of a Network Operating System NOS the choice of applications or of workstation types or other specific decisions generally out of the purview of Cabletron Systems as a provider of networking hardware NOTES When designing a network installation or configura...

Page 52: ...up concept divides the network according to a cohesive plan in the interests of reliability efficiency or ease of recovery While all of these are important factors in the operation of the network certain choices made in the design of networks from technology and topology to the organization of stations and the segmentations method used if any will improve some aspects of the network at a cost to o...

Page 53: ...ncies all separate employees by primary function No one person does it all and most employees are specialists in the sense that they perform one function or a series of functions that are assigned to them by their job descriptions These functions dictate what types of information and network utilization they require manufacturing personnel deal primarily with manufacturing information accounting p...

Page 54: ...etwork where it is utilized by other departments Figure 4 2 Corporate Organization Workgroups As the creation of workgroups based on departmental organization mirrors the operation of the company the expandability of the network is simplified since departmental growth can often be predicted in stable or growing companies the network can be designed to allow for simplified expansion in the departme...

Page 55: ...etwork within larger overall departments or to facilitate the use of certain network applications by specific end users common throughout much of the department An example of this might be the creation of a Documentation workgroup in a corporation within which each department had a dedicated Documentation person handling recording and reporting This would create workgroups of the members of each d...

Page 56: ... individual end users and equipment Priority organization can be used to create high speed high reliability or rapidly recovering workgroups to those stations which require those characteristics Unfortunately it combines some of the worst features of the other methods of arranging workgroups as the cost of this level of control An example of priority organization is the common practice of connecti...

Page 57: ...ccess delays as the device reads in the packet examines the packet determines whether to send it on or discard it checks the packet for errors and acts on its forward or discard decision The necessity of crossing the segmenting device on a regular basis destroys the network availability that is gained by bridging as local traffic is no longer kept local The use of priority organization also introd...

Page 58: ...ed Sales Customer Service Records and Shipping The Sales workgroup is extremely large made up of more than twice the number of stations that compose all the other workgroups combined The Sales workgroup requires fairly easy access to the network but does not often need to communicate with groups other than Shipping The Customer Service workgroup while small is considered the most important segment...

Page 59: ...with other small workgroups The decision to attempt further division or combination will have to be made following the examination of the network and the workgroups on the basis of other information Workgroup Priority One of these things to be considered is the relative priority of the workgroups This priority may be based on network speed and access time reliability other factors or a combination...

Page 60: ... preferably related workgroups You can also spot those workgroups which may require re consideration and possible further division due to large numbers of users or high expected traffic By determining what segmentation level if any you wish to employ you can develop the layout of your workgroups smoothly and effectively External Load When determining which workgroups will be separated from or comb...

Page 61: ...emands as determined in the previous discussion can be combined with those workgroups with frequent inter group communications needs as shown in the example above where the Records and Shipping workgroups were combined SALES REC SHP C S REC SHP C S SALES 2 b SALES 1 REC SHP C S SALES 2 SALES 1 REC SHP C S SALES 2 SALES 1 bad better best Access to furthest group through 4 bridges and 3 shared segme...

Page 62: ...ch factors of the network design are the foremost requirements The most common determining factors in selecting a network technology are performance speed of operation reliability ease of configuration troubleshooting and cost Cost is a separate issue from price as cost is based on the inherent expenses of the technology whereas price is highly dependent upon the vendor supplying the products and ...

Page 63: ...etwork A backbone network can be migrated out to the workgroups as the facility wide network grows As more users are added it is often much easier to attach a concentrator or hub to a small backbone network than to continue expanding workgroups that may be already quite congested In addition the backbone can provide a point from which a higher speed technology can be painted out to the rest of the...

Page 64: ...backbone is usually the least expensive backbone network selection as the only cabling required is that which runs from one workgroup network to another The problems inherent in the distributed backbone network are somewhat limiting however Connectivity Requirements FDDI and Token Ring networks must form a complete unbroken ring Ethernet backbones are most effective if all workgroup networks are a...

Page 65: ...network and back These cabling runs are then terminated at a central point such as a patch panel The patch panel ports for each of the cable runs can then be connected to one another using jumper cables In this fashion provided that no technology restrictions are exceeded chains and rings of workgroup networks can be created Figure 4 7 Collapsed Backbone Having the individual cable runs of the bac...

Page 66: ...r troubleshooting and keeps the backbone network from being kept in a fault condition Moderate Control The isolation of workgroups and the reorganization of the backbone network is simplified with the collapsed backbone but the system does not incorporate any management features beyond the physical connections of facility cabling For advanced and detailed network control operations the device coll...

Page 67: ...vices on the backbone can be included or bypassed with the click of a mouse or through the use of a terminal session Physically adding workgroups to the network will still require the connection of facility cabling and jumper cables but as with the standard collapsed backbone the usefulness of planning ahead cannot be over emphasized One danger of the device collapsed backbone is the existence of ...

Page 68: ... troubleshoot if no one else knows how it is put together There may come a time when the designer of the network is not available for whatever reason and troubleshooting or re configuration needs to be done It may also become necessary to expand the network to accommodate a growing use of workstations or increases in personnel It is at these times that a properly thought out implemented and record...

Page 69: ...e located in an office such as this An arrangement of this sort provides total control over the use and configuration of the hardware in the hands of the Network Manager This centralization also makes the location and isolation of faults much faster as several problems may be identified and eliminated without the Network Manager ever having to leave the room Cabling The method by which cabling is ...

Page 70: ...uld be identified in at least two places each end by a numerical code Every patch panel or distribution box port should be labeled as well Many network wallplates have spaces where wallplate numbers can be displayed Use a standard decipherable labeling code for cable and hardware A label reading L2N5W2C1S243 may look like gibberish now but if you know that the letter codes indicate locations or co...

Page 71: ...ple of a very obvious single point of failure is a shared segment of thick coaxial cable in an Ethernet network All of the stations rely on the availability of the one coaxial segment Should the segment fail due to a break in the cable or the removal of a terminator the network fails A design eliminating the cable as a single point of failure might use several thin coaxial cable segments attaching...

Page 72: ...in diagnostic systems such as LANVIEW LED indicators can provide quick and easy gathering of network operation information An example of this is the automatic wrapping of the dual ring structure of FDDI networks If a station on the dual ring is lost the ring wraps back upon itself at the two points between which the signal was interrupted or lost closing the ring back up and allowing traffic to co...

Page 73: ...k and the network map is a good place to do this A network map that indicates a patch panel punchdown block or breakout box should identify that patch panel by a numerical or alphabetical code This code should indicate a patch panel chart which can be referred to for connection information Any network device which appears on the general network map should be identified by some short and easily rea...

Page 74: ...dability includes the later incorporation of new and future technologies increasing the power speed and reliability of the network Cabletron Systems PLUS architecture a key component of the design of the MMAC and its modules is an effort to make planning for the future easier By providing the capability for advanced functionality to be included as it is needed the PLUS architecture smooths the upg...

Page 75: ... needs without having to pay for more than it needs Designing with the MMAC All of the designs in this Networking Guide are based on the use of the Cabletron Systems Multi Media Access Center or MMAC The Multi Media Access Center is a modular networking chassis that allows network designers to create multifunction flexible networks for today and provides expansion capabilities for the needs of tom...

Page 76: ...dules and finally the MMAC M8FNB which supports up to eight modules The capacities and capabilities of the three different MMAC chassis are described in detail later in this chapter Additional information and illustrations may be found in Chapter 11 Product Descriptions Reliability and Recovery As the modular chassis acts as the nerve center of the network it is an extremely important component of...

Page 77: ...s called modules cards or boards provides the modular chassis with a level of flexibility to support many concentrations of users and different types of physical media or cabling through the proper selection of modules Technology Flexibility The flexibility of a chassis is also dependent upon the number and types of networks it supports The use of a patented inter module connection system allows t...

Page 78: ...ane of a modular chassis is its heart It is the single point at which all modules in that chassis communicate receive power and are managed by the chassis If the backplane of the chassis fails every module in that chassis that is connected to the backplane fails as well To avoid these fatal failures Cabletron Systems MMAC backplane incorporates absolutely no active electronic components There are ...

Page 79: ...ion of redundant load sharing power supplies The use of the redundant power supplies gives additional tolerance to the system Simple redundancy means that two power supplies are available to the modules in the chassis One acts as the primary power supply while the other remains in standby In the event that the primary power supply fails the secondary power supply senses its failure and takes over ...

Page 80: ...oviding power to the chassis without requiring switchover time All of the designs that follow utilize the MMAC FNB chassis exclusively While some external standalone products may be mentioned in the course of describing a design this Networking Guide only examines the use of the MMAC chassis in network designs As the MMAC chassis cannot operate without power being supplied to it all MMAC chassis d...

Page 81: ...ense Multiple Access with Collision Detection This scheme is abbreviated as CSMA CD Before we examine what CSMA CD means to us as designers of networks let s take a look at the foundations of Ethernet Ethernet is one of the elders of networking dating back to when the primary networking cabling was coaxial cable When an Ethernet station had a packet to transmit it would do so no permission needed ...

Page 82: ...e method by which a station takes a look at the cable to which it is attached If the cable is being used the station will wait and try again later If the cable is without signals the station will transmit By using Carrier Sense Ethernet stations greatly reduce the number of collisions a network experiences Figure 5 1 CSMA CD Operation NOTE In Figure 5 1 above stations B and D receive the transmiss...

Page 83: ...on Detection Although all of these portions of CSMA CD are important to network design the most important feature for now is the propagation of signals to every point on the network It is important to remember that every point on an Ethernet network is connected to every other point on that Ethernet network There are some devices that allow us to break large networks up into smaller ones or extend...

Page 84: ...a Since these devices allow the workstations and network to TRANSmit and reCEIVE information they are called Transceivers The basic function of a transceiver is the conversion of Ethernet signals from a Male AUI port to another type of media Media adapters which are related to transceivers are also available Where a transceiver only converts signals to or from Male AUI ports media adapters convert...

Page 85: ...a connectivity and connector style of each MIM Rules and Regulations Ethernet has a large number of rules associated with it There are the distance rules for one and the maximum population for another The maximum population number of devices on a single Ethernet network is 1 024 Usually long before we reach 1 024 devices we have moved to a new Ethernet network How we do that is covered later Anoth...

Page 86: ... of fiber optics Eventually these repeaters began to connect large numbers of thin coaxial cables used commonly in offices and laboratories to tap points on thick coaxial cables known as backbones which provided interconnection for the repeaters and were usually kept out of sight in cabling conduits These multiport repeaters were the forebears of today s intelligent hubs Repeaters Hubs Repeaters a...

Page 87: ...ird networks The answer lies in the use of combined function modules Rather than requiring that a chassis supporting multiple networks consists of a repeater for one network and its associated MIM modules then a repeater for a second network followed by its MIM modules followed by the third repeater and its MIM modules Cabletron Systems combined the functions of a Media Interface Module with those...

Page 88: ...e you add one repeater hop To check for 4 rule violations figure out the path that passes through the largest number of repeaters If a signal from one end to the other must pass through more than four repeaters the design breaks the rule Figure 5 3 Repeater Hop 3 The three 3 rule specifies the number of segments connected by repeaters that may have more than two stations on them If you have three ...

Page 89: ...ule The network shown in Figure 5 4 would not function properly due to the errors introduced by the violations of the repeater rule This network will have to be redesigned using some form of segmentation see Segmentation Chapter 3 or refer to the Segmented Ethernet section later in this chapter 1706n24 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 5 1 2 3 4 3 Repeater Arrow shows path of signal R1 3 Repeater Hop ...

Page 90: ... from 20 to 180 workstations could utilize a simple Ethernet configuration such as the one described below Design Example This design provides Ethernet networking services for three departments within a small personal accounting firm with 63 workstations Two of these workstations are dedicated fileservers and one provides access to a tape drive system used for backups The cabling used for connecti...

Page 91: ...ctions for the modules in the chassis To provide Ethernet repeating and supply SNMP management capabilities this network will utilize an IRM3 module The IRM3 repeats any Ethernet signals that are transmitted by stations on the A Channel of the MMAC chassis To provide user connections the MMAC chassis needs to utilize transceiver or connectivity modules commonly called Media Interface Modules or MI...

Page 92: ...ility now looks like Figure 5 5 Figure 5 5 Example Ethernet Configuration 1 The networking device families used in this network design are the Ethernet repeater and the Ethernet transceiver Connectivity module Since there are several different products manufactured by Cabletron Systems which meet these networking device families the actual configuration of the network can be altered by substitutin...

Page 93: ... supplies Ethernet Repeater and Management Module The Ethernet repeater and management supplies the IEEE 802 3 repeating functions which make it possible for individual connections to share the backplane as a common connection medium One repeater module is necessary for the operation of the Ethernet modules a Capacity is additive Each chassis has the listed number of full slots in addition to the ...

Page 94: ...be required to fulfill the needs of the network a Note All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Ethernet connection Number of connectors given is the maximum number of transmit and receive pairs available on the module Table 5 4 Ethernet MIMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectors Max of Stations Connector Product Name AUI to transceivers DB15 female 8 1 MT...

Page 95: ... and communicate with one another The fiber optic link between the two hubs assuming multimode fiber optics and ST connectors would be made using the fiber optic connectors on the front panel of each IRM3 While the stations connected to the TPMIM modules of each hub would be located in physically distinct areas the network would treat all the stations as being on the same logical network sharing t...

Page 96: ... network to allow expansion beyond the limitations of IEEE 802 3 If an Ethernet network has a repeater hop of four repeaters or a round trip propagation delay near the 51 2µs maximum a bridge can be used to build an extended network Ethernet bridges read in packets and decide to filter discard or forward based on the destination address of the packet The simple forward filter decision process allo...

Page 97: ...a collision happens as the bridge is transmitting onto the second network the bridge is responsible for the back off and retransmission process The original sending node is not made aware of the collision It assumes the packet has been sent correctly If the bridge is unable to send the packet to its final destination the original sending station expecting some response from the device it was attem...

Page 98: ...n perform the translation or encapsulation required to connect two different technologies such as Ethernet and FDDI or Ethernet and Token Ring Cabletron manufactures several multiple technology bridges An example of a multi technology bridge is the FDMMIM The FDMMIM provides FDDI management for the creation of FDDI rings within an MMAC chassis as described in Chapter 7 FDDI In addition to its FDDI...

Page 99: ...ity of the module it is configured in For example an EMM E6 module could be configured initially without any BRIM connections As a facility added more users and another modular chassis to the corporate network perhaps a BRIM E6 could be added to the EMM E6 management module of the chassis This Ethernet BRIM would provide one external bridged Ethernet connection which could be used for the chassis ...

Page 100: ...idged technology is made Entries indicating connections made through a BRIM slot by nature indicate a front panel connection scheme Bridging Rules As with repeaters there are rules associated with the maximum number of bridges that may be used on any signal path With bridges you may configure an Ethernet signal path which contains eight 8 segments and seven 7 bridges Table 5 5 Multi Technology Bri...

Page 101: ...t Module with Ethernet bridging The EMME and EMM E6 a related module provide repeating for the Ethernet Channel A bus supply extensive management functions for all Ethernet modules in the chassis and interconnect Channels A B and C of the backplane using the customer s choice of bridging or routing Also these Multichannel Ethernet management modules provide bridged or routed connections to externa...

Page 102: ...d from a single channel Ethernet hub the loss of repeating services shuts down all Ethernet MIMs Since the RMIMs incorporate their own repeating the modules can function in what is called standalone mode operating without a dedicated repeating module present in the chassis Looking at the RMIM information in Chapter 11 Product Descriptions you may notice that most of the RMIMs have covered openings...

Page 103: ...g affected by increased activity on the network in Division 13 Segmentation is particularly useful in areas where some users have high network availability demands that would be affected by the presence of numerous other users or in situations where a particular workgroup monopolizes the network due to necessity An example of this might be a medium sized manufacturing corporation The assembly line...

Page 104: ...with RJ21 cables Departments A and B while separate enough to merit being separate departments business entity share information often enough to be configured as a single workgroup network entity Departments X and Y are intimately related operations that transfer large amounts of information to one another frequently The Support department is a small network with extremely high availability demand...

Page 105: ...ation connections an MMAC M8FNB is used An EMME is configured in the first slot of the MMAC M8FNB to provide repeating for the A channel bridging between all internal Ethernet channels and extensive SNMP and RMON management capabilities To supply individual station connections the MMAC chassis will require both MIMs for Ethernet Channel A connections and RMIMs for connections to Ethernet Channels ...

Page 106: ... assigning them to one TPRMIM 33 which is configured to connect to Ethernet Channel C of the MMAC backplane All of these backplane channels are interconnected through the EMME The chassis that is being used for this example now looks like Figure 5 8 Figure 5 8 Example Ethernet Configuration 2 The networking device families used in this network design are the Ethernet bridge Ethernet repeater and t...

Page 107: ...r Bridge and Management Module The Ethernet repeater bridge management module supplies the IEEE 802 3 repeating functions which are required for the operation of Ethernet A channel Media Interface Modules The module performs bridging or routing dependent upon software configuration of module of all internal Ethernet channels and one or more external channels The management module also performs man...

Page 108: ...n Table 5 4 above are Channel A Ethernet modules and are fully interchangeable in configuration terms a Note All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Ethernet connection Number of connectors given is the maximum number of transmit and receive pairs available on the module Table 5 8 Ethernet MIMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectors Max of Stations Connect...

Page 109: ...be required to fulfill the needs of the network As all of the modules listed in Table 5 4 above are Multichannel Ethernet modules they are fully interchangeable in configuration terms a The CXRMIM and TPRMIM families support front panel EPIM slots b In the case of the TPRMIM 36 the EPIM slot will only be active if one connection normally made through the RJ21 ports is disabled c Note All Fiber Opt...

Page 110: ...module that is on that channel When you run out of ports in the entire channel however you need to go back to the drawing board A particularly effective and efficient solution to the segmentation system issue in Ethernet is the technology of Port Assignment often called switching port switching or Virtual LAN configuration You may run into any of these terms in the industry and even within Cabletr...

Page 111: ...connect them Provide bridging and management with an EMME or EMM E6 and you are all ready to go Port Assignment is not a cure all however If you have 600 stations to connect one MMAC hub is never going to connect them all and trouble will result if 500 of those stations need to go on the same segment It is also important to remember the 80 20 rule of bridging because ports assigned to different ch...

Page 112: ...tionality and three TPXMIM 22 port assignment modules The TPXMIM 22 provides 22 RJ45 ports for Ethernet station connections These four modules will be placed in an MMAC M8FNB modular chassis The networking device families used in this network design are the Ethernet bridge Ethernet repeater and the Ethernet transceiver Connectivity module Since there are several different products manufactured by ...

Page 113: ...hernet Repeater Bridge and Management Module The Ethernet repeater bridge management module supplies the IEEE 802 3 repeating functions which are required for the operation of Ethernet Channel A Media Interface Modules The module performs bridging or routing dependent upon software configuration of module of all internal Ethernet channels and one or more external channels The management module als...

Page 114: ...d Ethernet switches can be used in the place of Ethernet bridges Switches provide faster throughput than bridges and are used to make connections either to other switches or to single Ethernet devices For example a switch could connect five or six Ethernet stations together providing switched connections between them all One very important thing about these switched connections is that they provid...

Page 115: ...nd the Ethernet A channel backplane These switched connections each operate at the full 10 Mbps theoretical maximum of Ethernet networks and can communicate with one another at nearly the same performance level As the ESXMIM module is capable of disabling a front panel connection in order to provide a switched connection to the Ethernet A channel of the backplane the workstations attached to the E...

Page 116: ...ort one front panel EPIM port and a backplane connection to the Ethernet A channel bus of the modular hub The use of the backplane connection requires the deactivation of one of the front panel ports RJ45 or Fiber ST on the module to be so configured b Note All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Ethernet connection The number of connectors given is the maximum nu...

Page 117: ...hich can be performed by setting the position of a jumper located on each TPRMIM This means that each module will still operate as an Ethernet repeater and pass information between stations connected to that module but will not access the backplane of the MMAC chassis for anything other than power The addition of an ESXMIM to one of the available slots in the chassis provides the interconnection f...

Page 118: ...to this single connection each ESXMIM can conceivably attempt to switch 60 Mbps of Ethernet traffic to a shared 10 Mbps backplane If the Chassis backplane is handling all the ESXMIM interconnections the shared 10 Mbps can get congested and exhausted rather rapidly To defeat this limitation Cabletron Systems recommends that multiple ESXMIM modules in a single chassis be interconnected through the u...

Page 119: ...media and the connector type to be utilized Consult the table below to determine which modules may be used to connect to the physical cabling plant of each segment and calculate the number and exact type of modules required to fulfill the needs of the network The ESXMIM Ethernet switch that provides the interconnection media is capable of connecting to no more than 6 chassis modules a Both ESXMIM ...

Page 120: ...s provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Ethernet connection Number of connectors given is the maximum number of transmit and receive pairs available on the module Table 5 15 Ethernet RMIMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectorsa Max of Stations Connector Product Name Thin Coaxial Cable RG58 12 1 29 CXRMIM UTP RJ45 9 1 1 TPRMIM 20 21 1 1 TPRMIM 22 RJ21 1 1 12 TPRMIM 33 2 1b 1...

Page 121: ...ess method of this technology the feature that puts the token in Token Ring The topology of the network is a logical ring Instead of Ethernet where signals go to all stations at once regardless of their location Token Ring networks require that the data travels a specific path from the transmitter of one station to the receiver of the next station in the logical ring see Figure 6 1 This organizati...

Page 122: ...nt of time within which it may transmit frames of data Once the allotted transmission time of the station is up the station must release the token to the next station on the network Figure 6 2 Token Ring Operation Step One In Figure 6 2 station A is the most recent station to receive the special frame called the token Station A claimed the token by not transmitting it to station B Instead station ...

Page 123: ...Station A still holds the token Station D finishes reading the data frame and sends it on to station A the next station in the ring Figure 6 5 Token Ring Operation Step Four In Figure 6 5 above station A reads in the data frame and recognizes that it originated from this point Station A does not transmit the data frame again stripping the frame from the ring Station A then transmits the token sign...

Page 124: ...nnection function as an Ethernet concentrator The MAU allows network stations to attach to the Token Ring at a central point which provides interconnection between the stations A MAU also insures that a station being removed from the network will not destroy the continuity of the Token Ring and prevent the network from functioning Figure 6 6 MAU and Port States Since connections to the stations ar...

Page 125: ...oken Ring This helps to isolate what is called the fault domain The fault domain is the location between the receiving end of the beaconing station and the transmitting end of its Nearest Active Upstream Neighbor or NAUN Each station in a Token Ring network is aware of the address of its NAUN and will identify its NAUN in any beacon frames it transmits This establishes the fault domain as shown in...

Page 126: ...aving received recognizable frames within a predetermined amount of time The initial state of the Token Ring network in this first example is similar to that shown previously in Figure 6 7 In this case Station A has not received valid Token Ring frames from Station D within the expected time frame It begins to beacon and continues to transmit beacons until it receives its own beacon frames back No...

Page 127: ...he ring which is now operating properly Ideally Station A will determine that its receive port is at fault and will not attempt to reattach to the now operating Token Ring The case may also arise where a station is not itself at fault for error conditions on a ring This may occur when a cable develops a fault A depiction of this situation follows In Figure 6 10 below the Token Ring network has com...

Page 128: ...n the situation changes a little Since trunk connections are made between MAUs they are essential for maintaining the logical order of a contiguous ring To automatically recover from failed trunk cables the autowrap feature of Token Ring provides an immediate failover path for the Token Ring By looping the trunk connections which are made between MAUs the autowrap function as shown in Figure 6 11 ...

Page 129: ... the network There are no hard and fast rules governing the maximum number or lengths of Token Ring lobe connections The current standard states that the accumulated jitter of the ring must be low enough to allow 250 stations to reside on the Token Ring at an operational speed of 4 Mbps Cabletron Systems design recommendations are based on this jitter requirement and are listed in the table which ...

Page 130: ...of the modules and the number of ports it provides The Numerical suffix is broken down as follows The first digit of the suffix indicates the media type 2 for UTP cabling 4 for STP cabling The second digit indicates the number of ports available 12 indicated by the number 2 or 24 indicated by the number 4 Thus a TRMIM 24 is a Token Ring connectivity module with 24 UTP ports on the front panel The ...

Page 131: ... the ring off and using a bridge or router In order to make trunk connections a module which provides RI RO ports is required Cabletron Systems produces modules called Token Ring In Ring Out Media Interface Modules or TRRMIMs which supply these ports All TRRMIMs provide at least one Ring In port and one Ring Out port To make the best use of available chassis space TRRMIMs are also available which ...

Page 132: ...ons of the current IEEE 802 5 Token Ring standard and may be found later in this section as well as in the Charts and Tables section at the end of this guide You can see by looking at the chart that as the cabling quality decreases and the network speed increases the maximum number of stations and their maximum distance from each other drops dramatically Don t be concerned at this point with the s...

Page 133: ... receives its transmission from the ring The ability to transmit is based on the reception of a specialized transmission called a token which circulates at regular intervals Without possession of the token a station may not transmit A single ring design does not allow for the segmentation of stations All of the stations in a single ring design are connected to that ring which is the transmission a...

Page 134: ...nitialize and control the ring Without a Token Ring management module in the modular chassis the Token Ring network will not function Cabletron Systems produces a number of Token Ring management modules which provide for the creation of Token Ring networks It is important to select a Token Ring management module which fulfills the requirements of the network For the purposes of creating a single T...

Page 135: ...be connections between the MMAC backplane and the cabling media which connect to the Token Ring stations Token Ring Media Interface Modules are available in two main types those utilizing passive circuitry and those utilizing active circuitry Active circuitry Token Ring modules allow Token Ring networks to incorporate greater numbers of lobe connections and support those lobe connections to greate...

Page 136: ...ign the Token Ring using active circuitry TRMIMs This network uses UTP cabling with RJ45 connectors narrowing the choices of modules to the TRMIM 22 and TRMIM 24 Since there are 31 stations to provide lobe connections for the chassis utilizes two TRMIM 24 Token Ring Media Interface Modules supplying a total of 48 RJ45 lobe connectors The chassis that we are using to network this facility now looks...

Page 137: ...lobe connectivity devices Since there are several different products manufactured by Cabletron Systems which meet these networking device families the actual configuration of the network can be altered by substituting different products of these families in the modular networking chassis The product families and their individual members are listed in the series of tables which follow 1706n40 ...

Page 138: ...e Cabletron Systems Networking Solutions Catalog for detailed information on available power supplies Token Ring Management Module The Token Ring Management Module initializes the Token Ring and allows Token Ring Media Interface Modules to be connected to one another in the chassis Token Ring modules do not function in the chassis without a Token Ring management module present a Capacity is additi...

Page 139: ...hey are fully interchangeable in configuration terms A configuration like the example given previously could have utilized two TRMIM 44 modules if STP cabling was being used or included one TRFMIM 26 to connect six stations with fiber optic cabling a Note All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Token Ring connection The number of connectors given is the maximum nu...

Page 140: ...iginally designed to connect one standalone MAU See Chapter 3 Technology Basics to another to provide greater numbers of station connections to a Token Ring There is no bridging or other segmentation involved in the creation and utilization of Ring In Ring Out ports Figure 6 13 Ring In Ring Out Connections Even though most single ring Token Ring networks will occupy only one MMAC chassis it is imp...

Page 141: ...tional features and functions to enhance speed and reliability The active MAUs receive signals and regenerate them much like repeaters in Ethernet By doing this active Token Ring products allow a single Token Ring to support a larger number of stations and greater lengths of lobe cabling between the MAU and the network stations As you can see looking at the table of Token Ring maximums the active ...

Page 142: ...e separate the network into two rings we still want the stations on those rings to communicate with each other We accomplish this in the same manner as we did in Ethernet through bridges or routers Token Ring bridges create new Token Rings and connect those rings to neighboring rings They act as stations on the ring accepting and passing frames and tokens on each ring they are connected to The act...

Page 143: ...tial backplane bus of the chassis and one other Token Ring which is created by the closing of the Token Ring backplane by the TRBMIM and its re initialization on the other side see Figure 6 14 above The TRBMIM may also be used to bridge to an external Token Ring network perhaps operating in another chassis through its front panel station port The second type of Token Ring bridge is that which conn...

Page 144: ... Philosophy A multi ring design for a Token Ring network essentially involves the creation of two or more individually operating Token Rings each of which has a station port connection to at least one other ring There are no restrictions on the ring configurations which may be bridged except for the restrictions placed on each ring by the IEEE 802 5 standard Design Example This design provides Tok...

Page 145: ... Cabletron Systems produces a number of Token Ring management modules which provide for the creation of Token Ring networks It is important to select a Token Ring management module which fulfills the requirements of the network For the purposes of creating a Token Ring in a modular chassis Cabletron Systems produces two management modules the TRMM and TRMMIM While other Token Ring management modul...

Page 146: ... overly important but there is one factor in the planning which prompts us to configure the teller stations first The teller station network is not expected to grow much in the next several years if at all Due to the way that this design will accommodate the bridging functions it will be much easier to add further Token Ring station ports to the second ring than to the first Once the first ring is...

Page 147: ...ct a passive TRMIM for UTP cabling that supports 11 or more station ports We can choose between the TRMIM 22 and TRMIM 24 Since the teller station ring is not expected to grow in size any time soon we select the TRMIM 22 which provides 12 Token Ring station ports through RJ45 connectors A quick check of the specifications shows that we are still within the limits so we move on to the next part of ...

Page 148: ...n the chassis and creates a new ring to the left of the chassis to which new TRMIMs may be added The TRBMIM module not only separates and bridges the backplane it also provides management for the TRMIM modules which are configured to operate on that new ring For that reason we bypass the provision of a management module for this new ring The next thing we do is provide connectivity for the Token R...

Page 149: ...to redesign this ring using active port circuitry or attempt to segment the network further As we do not need any Ring In Ring Out ports on this ring either we have completed this configuration The MMAC chassis now looks like Figure 6 15 Figure 6 15 Example Token Ring Configuration 2 The networking device families used in this network design are the Token Ring management Token Ring bridge and Toke...

Page 150: ...re Token Ring Management Module The Token Ring Management Module initializes the Token Ring and allows Token Ring Media Interface Modules TRMIMs to be connected to one another in the chassis Token Ring modules will not function in the chassis without a Token Ring management module present a Capacity is additive Each chassis has the listed number of full slots in addition to the single dedicated ha...

Page 151: ...n Ring modules they are fully interchangeable in configuration terms A configuration like the example given previously could have utilized two TRMIM 44 modules if STP cabling was being used or included one TRFMIM 26 to connect six stations with fiber optic cabling a Note All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Token Ring connection The number of connectors given i...

Page 152: ...llation In these cases it is necessary to extend the ring to another chassis To overcome the limitations of a single chassis Token Ring networks can utilize Ring In Ring Out connections These connections extend an existing Token Ring from one chassis to another a The TRBMIM can bridge between two of its available interfaces the Backplane R interface and either of the other two available Table 6 9 ...

Page 153: ...r the networks The Multichannel Token Ring modules provide a capability called Port Assignment identical to that available for Ethernet networks Port Assignment allows the Network Manager to assign individual ports on the faceplates of the TRXMIM modules to any of the backplane Token Ring buses through local or remote management In this way a Port Assignment module could have two users on ring 1 s...

Page 154: ...NPM modules allowing for the routing of one or two networks from a single CRM slot This means that a CRM 3T can support a maximum of 5 network connections that are all routed from one to another Multichannel Token Ring Configuration The Multichannel Token Ring configuration is one that utilizes the multiple Token Rings which may be created across the backplane of the MMAC chassis The creation of M...

Page 155: ...will be RI RO connections using multimode fiber optics To make the best use of the available space in an MMAC chassis and to provide the desired Port Assignment capabilities this design will use the Multichannel Token Ring solution The foundation of this network is a Cabletron Systems MMAC M8FNB modular networking chassis To function the chassis must be outfitted with modular power supplies This p...

Page 156: ...sing active Category 5 UTP cabling and consists of 75 stations and two Ring In Ring Out ports All the measurements are within the distance limits shown in Table 6 1 and the station count of 75 is well within the maximum allowed in a 16Mbps active technology Category 5 UTP Token Ring 150 This network uses UTP cabling with RJ45 connectors narrowing the choices of modules to the TRXMIM 22A and TRMXIM...

Page 157: ...e able to cut back on the number of TRXMIM modules we specified in order to complete our lobe connection needs Because the TDRMIM 22A provides 12 UTP RJ45 ports in addition to the RI RO ports on the front panel we eliminate the one TRXMIM 22A from the design and use the 12 ports of the TDRMIM 22A to meet the lobe connectivity requirements The available port count remains the same but the number of...

Page 158: ...ify some form of media converter to allow the routed ports to be connected to the ports of the TRXMIM modules which use RJ45 ports The Cabletron Systems TRMF 2 Token Ring Media Filter can convert the pinouts and signaling of the DB9 ports to those of an RJ45 port Three TRMF 2 media filters and siz jumper cables will be required to complete the interconnection of the four Token Rings as shown in Fi...

Page 159: ...n Ring segmentation devices Since there are several different products manufactured by Cabletron Systems which meet these networking device families the actual configuration of the network can be altered by substituting different products of these families in the modular networking chassis The product families and their individual members are listed in the series of tables which follow TOKEN RING ...

Page 160: ...er needs of the hub in the event of a power supply failure Token Ring Multichannel Management Module The Token Ring Management Module initializes the Token Ring and allows Token Ring Media Interface Modules to be connected to one another in the chassis Token Ring modules do not function in the chassis without a Token Ring management module present a Capacity is additive Each chassis has the listed...

Page 161: ...re Multichannel Token Ring modules they are fully interchangeable in configuration terms A configuration like the example given previously could have utilized TRXMIM 44A modules if STP cabling was being used Token Ring Dual Repeater Modules To allow Ring In Ring Out connections to be assigned to any of the Multichannel Token Rings of the MMAC backplane Token Ring Dual Repeater MIMs are required Th...

Page 162: ...mentation device The segmentation devices listed here are those which provide a connection to the Token Ring backplane of the chassis in addition to their front panel ports a All front panel connections for CRM 3T require purchase of NPM modules Table 6 15 Token Segmentation Modules Number of Token Ring Segments Supported Max Segmentation Method Other Architectures Supported Product Name 2 Source ...

Page 163: ...transmission speed and a token passing based transmission method eliminating random delays due to heavy use This means an FDDI ring moves packets from one station to another at 100 Mbps guaranteed Despite the fact that all stations on the FDDI ring share the available bandwidth the token passing scheme ensures that every station will have a predictable opportunity to transmit data While many of th...

Page 164: ...idespread use of FDDI To accommodate these desires the FDDI standard was subdivided into the Physical Medium Dependent or PMD groups The old standard FDDI using multimode fiber optics is subsumed under the MMF PMD MultiMode Fiber Physical Medium Dependent standard For greater signal transmission capability the SMF Single Mode Fiber PMD standard was developed In response to significant market deman...

Page 165: ...cting the A B ports of the FDDI DAS and DAC modules to each other Connections are made in a logical ring from B ports to A ports It would therefore be possible to ring cables directly from the B port of the hub in Department X to the A port of Department Y from the B port of department Y to the A port of Department Z and so on and so on Dual Attached Stations are single stations on the FDDI rings ...

Page 166: ...e network often on DACs while absolutely essential functions that are reliable and always operating remain on the dual ring as DASs Figure 7 1 FDDI Network in Wrap State While it may be tempting to place your fileservers directly on the dual ring this is not a recommended solution The reason for this is the frequency with which servers require being taken off line or undergo long term failures Rec...

Page 167: ...ch port is which is to think of ancient Egyptian law Masters always bathe upstream from the slaves Connections are made from upstream Master ports to downstream Slave ports While Single Attached Stations do not incorporate the same level of fault tolerance that DAS connections do the FDDI technology allows you to use SAS connections to provide a fault recovery feature that is in many ways superior...

Page 168: ...rovides four or eight M ports on the front panel which may be used for additional station connections The FDMMIM as mentioned above is a management module for FDDI networks in addition to its functions as an Ethernet to FDDI bridge One FDMMIM in an MMAC chassis may control up to six FDCMIM concentrator modules providing ring management and control features to the Network Manager FDCMIMs are availa...

Page 169: ... the FDDI bus of the same MMAC This provides an easy way to set up an FDDI backbone connection or to build a small FDDI workgroup in a facility with existing Ethernet configurations simply through the addition of a single module The FDMMIM provides a set of FDDI A B ports on the front panel for connection to or creation of an FDDI backbone network and connects to the FNB and those FDDI concentrato...

Page 170: ...vided between the three facilities as follows 29 stations in the Clinic 80 stations in the North Building and 64 stations in the South Building The configuration of an FDDI workgroup is very simple We provide each chassis that the FDDI network will operate from with a management module and then add concentrator modules to the chassis until the user count is filled We start with the Clinic This loc...

Page 171: ...Ms to the chassis Cabletron Systems produces concentrator modules which provide four or eight M ports for station connections from the front panel For this facility we require 25 station ports 4 are available on the FDMMIM with UTP connectors We add three FDCMIM 28 modules providing 8 RJ45 ports each and use the 4 M ports on the FDMMIM 24 This gives us a chassis in this location which looks like F...

Page 172: ...dd another modular chassis to the location place an FDMMIM in the chassis and continue to add FDCMIM modules of the correct type until we meet the demand When the chassis are installed fiber optic jumper cables will be used to connect the two chassis through the dual counter rotating ring The second chassis of the South Building facility is another MMAC M8FNB which receives two M8PSM E power suppl...

Page 173: ...sure we form a logical ring and include all the chassis This sets up the dual counterrotating ring which allows for the distribution of FDDI frames throughout the entire network The networking device families used in this network design are the FDDI management bridge and FDDI Concentrator devices Since there are a number of different products manufactured by Cabletron Systems which meet these netw...

Page 174: ... MMAC M3FNB is included with the purchase of the chassis The MMAC M5FNB and MMAC M8FNB may both be configured with one or two power supplies which are purchased separately a Capacity is additive Each chassis has the listed number of full slots in addition to the single dedicated half slot utilized by management modules i e the MMAC M5FNB has a total of 5 module slots Table 7 2 MMAC Chassis Product...

Page 175: ...n the chassis The FDDI Management Modules produced by Cabletron Systems also provide a bridged connection to Ethernet Channel A of the MMAC backplane a FDDI fiber optic connections are made using Media Interface Connector MIC connectors Unlike ST connectors only one MIC connected fiber optic cable is necessary to make station connections Table 7 3 FDDI Management Bridge Module A B Port Media Type ...

Page 176: ...s ability to bypass ports does not affect the operation of the dual counterrotating ring resulting in increased reliability and availability for the dual ring Table 7 4 FDDI Concentrator Modules M Port Media Type Number of Ports Product Name Multimode Fiber Optics 4 FDCMIM 04 8 FDCMIM 08 Unshielded Twisted Pair 4 FDCMIM 24 8 FDCMIM 28 Shielded Twisted Pair 4 FDCMIM 44 8 FDCMIM 48 Single Mode Fiber...

Page 177: ...s using Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling Adding Stations If we plan to add more Ethernet stations to this existing simple Ethernet configuration all we need to do is follow the last step that was followed when designing the network determine how many stations are to be connected and what media and connector type the stations use divide the number of stations by the number of available ports offered...

Page 178: ... the MMAC FNB series of modular hubs all utilize the same architecture the modules used in any MMAC M5FNB can be moved directly to the MMAC M8FNB or MMAC M3FNB The second solution to the exhaustion of free real estate in the chassis is the creation of external links from one modular chassis to another This solution requires the configuration of a second modular chassis with all of the products req...

Page 179: ...etwork requires the purchase of an additional chassis and Ethernet repeater module for each network segment to be added External bridges or routers are also subject to the vagaries of power inputs component failure and so on The incorporation of segmentation in the chassis provides a more integrated and elegant solution to the segmentation issue Segmentation in the chassis is reliant upon the oper...

Page 180: ...EMM E6 would have allowed us to use Bridge Router Interface Modules to make the required connection After replacing the IRM3 with the EMME we need to place users on Ethernet Channels B and C We do this through the use of RMIMs as previously discussed As RMIMs provide their own repeating functionality we need not supply any additional modules to allow them to operate We divide the new users into di...

Page 181: ... actual operation of the Token Ring network Adding a separate standalone Token Ring network to an existing Ethernet network of any style is a simple matter adding a Token Ring which is bridged to an existing Ethernet network through the chassis is covered later in this section To provide for the creation and management of the Token Ring network a management module is required Unfortunately all the...

Page 182: ...ated in a module The CRM 3E is configured to attach to one of the Ethernet backplane channels of the MMAC chassis and provides two open slots on its front panel into which Cisco Systems Network Process Modules NPMs may be configured These NPMs provide connections to separate Ethernet networks FDDI rings Wide Area Network connections or Token Ring networks The connections to these other technologie...

Page 183: ...equired Back in the initial configurations section of this Networking Guide an Ethernet management module for multichannel Ethernet networks was presented the EMM E6 While the EMM E6 is primarily a Multichannel Ethernet module it may be used in a single channel network which anticipates future segmentation or requires high level management capabilities or the functionality to be outlined here This...

Page 184: ...ctions in the empty slots in the chassis Keep in mind that the addition of RMIMs to the chassis only makes ports available to either channel B or channel C of the backplane If you wish to add stations to the channel A Ethernet segment you must add standard Ethernet MIMs as described in the Simple Ethernet section previously If no slots are available or if the available slots at maximum capacity do...

Page 185: ...to a Port Assignment network is accomplished in the same manner as adding new technologies to a simple Ethernet network described above Since the Multichannel Ethernet network provides for the operation of the Ethernet A Channel over the backplane any modules which provide connection to that backplane are capable of communicating with Multichannel Ethernet devices being managed and bridged by an E...

Page 186: ...el Ethernet devices being managed and bridged by an EMME or EMM E6 The addition of FDDI stations or backbone connectivity to the chassis is as simple as selecting the media to be used for the FDDI dual counterrotating ring if any which may be single mode fiber optics or multimode fiber optics and determining if FDDI station connections are required Since the FDDI management module produced by Cabl...

Page 187: ... stations to the channel A network three stations to the channel B network and 26 stations to the channel C network we need only total the stations to be added and place a number of TPXMIM modules in the chassis which meet or exceed that port count In this case since we are adding a total of 40 stations to the network the addition of two TPXMIM 22 modules to the chassis would accommodate the new n...

Page 188: ...Expansion Ethernet 8 12 Port Assignment and Virtual LANs ...

Page 189: ...ts set by the IEEE 802 5 standards will be prone to repeated failures Before planning an expansion of a Token Ring count the number of stations you have on the ring remember to include devices such as bridges or routers as stations Refer to the Token Ring limitations table provided in Chapter 6 Token Ring Examine the entry for your ring speed preferred circuitry type active or passive and for your...

Page 190: ...ame module supplied for Ethernet networks to connect to Token Rings the ETWMIM The ETWMIM when placed in the chassis bridges the Token Ring backplane bus to either Ethernet Channel A in a chassis containing an IRM or EMME EMM E6 or an external connection through an EPIM slot In order to add Ethernet connectivity to an existing Token Ring network a bridged connection to another chassis or a repeate...

Page 191: ...ing Token Rings are connected to one another using a segmentation device such as a Token Ring bridge The segmentation devices isolate each ring from the traffic of the other rings in the network but allow packets to pass between the rings when necessary Adding Stations to Any Ring Before you can add stations to any Token Ring network you must determine if the network can support the additional sta...

Page 192: ...es to the Multi Ring Token Ring network is done using the same methods used for a single Token Ring network see above One design issue which must be kept in mind is that the routing or bridging module to be added to the chassis must be physically located within the ring that it connects to Port Assignment A Token Ring port assignment network is a segmented Token Ring network which supports the con...

Page 193: ...ng Incorporating New Technologies The addition of new technologies such as FDDI to an existing Multichannel Token Ring chassis is performed in the same fashion as the addition of these capabilities to the Single Token Ring network see above ...

Page 194: ...Expansion Token Ring 9 6 Port Assignment ...

Page 195: ...d as adding FDCMIM modules to a chassis containing an existing FDMMIM module Determine how many stations are to be connected and what media and connector type these stations will use divide the number of stations by the number of available ports offered by an FDCMIM which meets the media and port constraints and configure the resulting number of FDCMIMs rounding up any fractions in the empty slots...

Page 196: ...abling between FDDI devices in the network exceeds 100 Km the FDDI network will be out of specification and difficulties errors and faults may arise Adding Dual Attached Concentrators While it is usually not economical or beneficial to place more than one FDMMIM in a single chassis the relatively small number of FDDI stations that can be supported by a single MMAC due to low port densities on FDDI...

Page 197: ...abletron Systems hub based router bridge or switch modules When it looks to be necessary to move from a single overall FDDI ring to a series of bridged or switched FDDI rings an examination of more robust switch based products may be in order If your network is beginning to outgrow the bounds of the FDDI technology you may wish to consider the selection of a switching hub such as the Cabletron Sys...

Page 198: ...Expansion FDDI 10 4 FDDI Workgroups ...

Page 199: ...ld be used as a reference while reading this document For further more detailed information of the additional products available and for extended discussions of the capabilities and uses of the devices presented here refer to the Cabletron Systems Networking Solutions Catalog available from your Cabletron Systems Sales Representative The individual descriptions show the Cabletron Systems product n...

Page 200: ...ing the artificial segmentation of the backplane This means that every technology may operate on its own bus without requiring the customer to invest in an expensive time consuming and network disabling backplane upgrade The MMAC M8FNB also features the passive backplane architecture of Cabletron Systems With a passive backplane all of the transmission components processors resistors and other int...

Page 201: ... Ring and FDDI networks The MMAC M5FNB also features the Cabletron Systems passive backplane architecture With a passive backplane all of the transmission components processors resistors and other integrated discrete components and intelligence lay within the modules that are inserted into the hub With this design if any single component fails the single affected module will only need to be hot sw...

Page 202: ...stics the unit slides in easily from the front of the hub for quick power supply replacement The MMAC M3FNB also features the Cabletron Systems passive backplane architecture With a passive backplane all of the transmission components processors resistors and other integrated discrete components and intelligence lay within the modules that are inserted into the hub With this design if any single c...

Page 203: ...backplane but does not forward local traffic which would normally take valuable processor time The result therefore is high speed network performance The EMM E6 provides high performance bridging between both external Ethernet segments and segments on the backplane of the hub The EMM E6 also provides two user configurable Bridge Router Interface Module or BRIM ports These optional BRIMs can provid...

Page 204: ...es This BRIM connection could be used to provide an additional Ethernet connection or to bridge to FDDI ATM Wide Area or Token Ring networks The ESXMIM F2 is a 7 port user configurable port switching module The ESXMIM F2 allows a full 10 Mbps dedicated connection to be established out of each configured interface port The ESXMIM F2 provides five 5 ST Type ports for 10BASE F FOIRL connections one E...

Page 205: ...ns Through the management functions of the EMME or EMM E6 modules any one of these ports may be individually configured to connect to one of the three Ethernet backplane buses The TPXMIM 22 is a port assignment module for Ethernet networks which allows the configuration of individual 10BASE T ports to the three channels of Ethernet on the MMAC FNB backplane The TPXMIM 22 provides 21 RJ45 ports and...

Page 206: ...f the EMME or EMM E6 modules any one of the Ethernet nodes connected through these ports may be individually configured to connect to one of the three Ethernet backplane buses The TPXMIM 34 is a port assignment module for Ethernet networks which allows the configuration of individual 10BASE T ports to the three channels of Ethernet on the MMAC FNB backplane The TPXMIM 34 provides two RJ21 ports an...

Page 207: ...r Interface Controller chip it eliminates a single point of failure inherent in non repeating boards that rely on the management unit to perform their repeating functions The TPRMIM 22 is a Media Interface and Repeating Module for 10BASE T Ethernet The TPRMIM 22 provides 21 ports of RJ45 connectivity for end users as well as providing space for one Ethernet Port Interface Module or EPIM The EPIM i...

Page 208: ...on the front panel and features a user configurable Ethernet Port Interface Module EPIM that enables users to configure the module with a single port for a variety of media types The TPRMIM 36 is an integrated Ethernet repeater module with 10BASE T twisted pair connectivity specially designed for The Cabletron Systems MMAC FNB series hubs equipped with the Ethernet Management Module EMME or EMM E6...

Page 209: ...ace and Repeating Module for 10BASE2 Ethernet The CXRMIM provides 12 ports of internally terminated BNC connectivity for end users as well as providing space for one Ethernet Port Interface Module or EPIM The EPIM is a user configurable port that can be changed to provide connection for a variety of media thin coaxial cable single mode or multimode fiber optics twisted pair cable or AUI interfaces...

Page 210: ...ow that segmentation could be best performed The IRM3 comes equipped with both a fiber ST link for multimode fiber optic cable and an AUI port One port can be configured as a primary data path while the other port can be configured as a secondary redundant data path If the primary path fails the secondary path will automatically be activated for use The Cabletron Systems TPMIM 22 provides twelve I...

Page 211: ...he TPMIM 24 provides a filter which reduces false collision signals by blocking and filtering out electromagnetic interference signals The Cabletron Systems TPMIM 32 provides twelve IEEE 802 3 10BASE T connections for Ethernet networking over UTP cabling This module offers network connectivity over 25 pair cabling at distances of up to 100 meters Network connections to the TPMIM 32 are made throug...

Page 212: ...of signals over 10BASE T cables which may have been cross terminated Additionally the TPMIM 34 provides a filter which reduces false collision signals by blocking and filtering out electromagnetic interference signals The FOMIM 2X series of Ethernet fiber optic Media Interface Module for the Cabletron Systems MMAC provide Ethernet connectivity for multimode fiber optic cabling The FOMIM 2X series ...

Page 213: ...EEE 802 3 FOIRL specifications and can provide point to point connectivity to Ethernet devices up to 2 Kilometers distant FOMIM 3X modules are available in a six port model FOMIM 36 a twelve port model FOMIM 32 and an 18 port model FOMIM 38 The THN MIM is a 10BASE2 concentrator module for use in The Cabletron Systems MMAC hub series It provides twelve BNC ports for connections to thin coaxial cabl...

Page 214: ...n the second ring to be managed The TRMM 2 supports both in band and out of band management including Token Ring RMON management functions The TRMM 4 is a four channel Token Ring Management Module for the MMAC chassis The TRMM 4 is capable of managing four Token Ring networks within the MMAC hub all from a single module All Token Ring connections are made through the backplane interface of the TRM...

Page 215: ...g compatible The TDRMIMs also feature active lobe port circuitry Active ports provide greater network reliability by extending lobe cable distances reducing jitter buildup and preventing beaconing and speed fault conditions Modules are available to support either UTP TDRMIM 22A or STP TDRMIM 42A lobe cabling using industry standard RJ45 connectors The TRXMIM 2X series of Token Ring modules provide...

Page 216: ...anagement module This module will gather and report the operational statistics for the modules and ports inserted into the hub This management module also allows the network administrator to have physical control at both the port and board level within the hub Management of the hub is available through out of band management through the local console port or remotely through the modem port DB9 int...

Page 217: ...etworks in the same MMAC The TRBMIM is a Source Routing Bridge and Management Module which filters traffic between two Token Ring networks while providing management for each ring It links Token Rings operating at different speeds and allows you to expand a network beyond the maximum node count of a single ring Like the TRMMIM the module can be used to manage additional Token Rings in conjunction ...

Page 218: ...to the next station on the ring This feature enables you to extend the lobe cable length between a connected station and the concentrator port with greater signal reliability The TRMIM 42A and TRMIM 44A are Active Token Ring Media Interface Modules designed for the MMAC They provide users with 12 and 24 trunk coupling ports respectively for Token Ring network connections over IBM Type 1 2 6 and 9 ...

Page 219: ...tivity to the desktop over 62 5 125 µm 50 125 µm or 100 140 µm multimode fiber optic cable Each port consists of two ST connectors for transmitting and receiving data and can support cable lengths of up to two kilometers The Cabletron Systems TRFMIM 36 32 38 modules provide 6 12 and 18 concentrator ports respectively over single mode fiber optic cable Developed to comply with the IEEE 802 5J Token...

Page 220: ...auto wrap functions as well as speed fault protection to help avoid beaconing conditions The TRRMIM 2AT is an IEEE 802 5 compliant Token Ring Repeater Media Interface module which provides Ring In Ring Out ports to any Token Ring network operating in an MMAC chassis The TRRMIM 2AT features active port circuitry which extends the maximum distance a Token Ring connection may cover Ring In Ring Out c...

Page 221: ...ions All TRRMIM modules incorporate main cable fault tolerance and auto wrap functions as well as speed fault protection to help avoid beaconing conditions The TRRMIM F2T is an IEEE 802 5 compliant Token Ring Repeater Media Interface module which provides Ring In Ring Out ports to any Token Ring network operating in an MMAC chassis The TRRMIM F2T features active port circuitry which extends the ma...

Page 222: ...Ring In Ring Out connections are made through the use of user configurable Token Ring Port Interface Modules or TPIMs The TPIMs allow the use of several standard Token Ring media Shielded or Unshielded Twisted Pair and single mode or multimode fiber optics In addition to the Ring In Ring Out ports the TRRMIM F3T also supplies 6 single mode fiber optic connections using ST type ports for use as Tok...

Page 223: ...accessed remotely through an in band management platform such as Cabletron Systems SPECTRUM Element Manager or locally through the RJ45 console port The FDMMIM 04 is an intelligent ANSI X3T9 5 compliant FDDI management module that contains four multimode fiber optic SAS ports and two DAS ports This module also performs Ethernet to FDDI bridging with Ethernet filtering and forwarding rates of 14 88...

Page 224: ... the SNMP and SMT 7 2 agents and may be accessed remotely through an in band management platform such as Cabletron Systems SPECTRUM Element Manager or locally through the RJ45 console port The FDMMIM 24 is an intelligent ANSI X3T9 5 compliant FDDI management module that contains four TP PMD SAS ports and two DAS ports This module also performs Ethernet to FDDI bridging with Ethernet filtering and ...

Page 225: ... multimode MIC terminated fiber optic cable The FDCMIM 04 is an ANSI X3T9 5 compliant FDDI concentrator which supports MMF PMD compliant FDDI network connections The FDCMIM 08 is an FDDI concentrator module with eight Single Attached Station SAS ports which support multimode MIC terminated fiber optic cable The FDCMIM 08 is an ANSI X3T9 5 compliant FDDI concentrator which supports MMF PMD complian...

Page 226: ... important to note that all TP PMD products require a crossover cable from the RJ45 ports of the FDCMIM to the patch panel to ensure signal reception over UTP The FDCMIM 28 is an ANSI X3T9 5 compliant FDDI concentrator module for use in the MMAC hub It provides eight lobe connections for FDDI nodes over Category 5 Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling at distances of up to 100 meters The FDCMIM receives...

Page 227: ...Mode Fiber Physical Medium Dependent SMF PMD standard the FDCMIM 34 allows for the attachment of FDDI workstations up to 40 km on single mode fiber optic cable The Cabletron Systems FDCMIM 38 provides eight M type concentrator ports over single mode fiber optic cable These modules are completely managed and controlled through any FDMMIM management module using any SNMP management station or by usi...

Page 228: ... important to note that all TP PMD products require a crossover cable from the RJ45 ports of the FDCMIM to the patch panel to ensure correct connection status The FDCMIM 48 is an ANSI X3T9 5 compliant FDDI concentrator module for use in the MMAC hub It provides eight lobe connections for FDDI nodes over Shielded Twisted Pair cabling at distances of up to 100 meters The FDCMIM receives its manageme...

Page 229: ... A across the backplane of the MMAC and Ethernet Channels B or C through the Ethernet Port Interface Module EPIM EPIMs are user installable from the face panel of the ETWMIM and are hot swappable to eliminate network downtime when changing media types Connection to the Token Ring network is provided through the Flexible Network Bus FNB on the backplane The CRM 3E is a router specially designed for...

Page 230: ...e CRM 3T with support for several combinations of Ethernet Token Ring Wide Area serial FDDI and ISDN interfaces all on a single platform The CRM 3T takes up two slots in the MMAC chassis and requires the purchase of NPM modules to provide routed ports The CRM 3T can support Token Ring operation at 4 or 16 Mbps The CSMIM2 T is a communications server module which supports TCP IP communications Mode...

Page 231: ...wire The 16 port CSMIM is upgradable to a 32 port board with the purchase of an upgrade kit In addition to supporting the DEC LAT protocol the CSMIM2 LT will also support TCP IP protocol networks The MODMIM4 from Cabletron Systems is a module which incorporates built in modem technology with state of the art protocol handling software to provide a seamless solution for remote and dial in users The...

Page 232: ...XT modem extension module works in conjunction with the MODMIM 4 to provide additional wide area connectivity from the chassis Up to twelve integrated modems may be supported by a single MODMIM The MODEXT is available in two models one incorporating four US Robotics V 32terbo modems and one which provides eight ...

Page 233: ...A 1 Appendix A Charts Tables This appendix provides a central location for a series of flowcharts and tables that contain useful network design information ...

Page 234: ...harts Ethernet Network Design Flowchart no yes Select Chassis Multi segment Switched ESXMIM go to ESXMIM chart IRM Family Select MIMs EMME Family Port Assignment Select XMIMs Select MIMs Select B RMIMs Select C RMIMs DONE no no yes yes Add Switched Workgroup no yes ...

Page 235: ...arts A 3 Charts Tables ESXMIM Network Design Flowchart yes no As Chassis Bridge Select RMIMs As Work group Switch Single ESXMIM Configure BRIMs Single ESXMIM Return to no no no yes yes yes from Ethernet chart Ethernet Chart ...

Page 236: ...n Flowchart yes Select Chassis DONE no Select TRMIMs Network Within Spec RI RO Select TRRMIMs Slot 1 Empty TRMM TRMMIM Network Within Spec Use Active Circuitry Select Active TRMIMs yes yes yes no no no Attempt Design Using Active Circuitry Design Requires Multiple Rings yes no ...

Page 237: ...s Select Chassis DONE no Select TRMIMs Network Within Spec RI RO Select TRRMIMs Slot 1 Empty TRMM TRMMIM Network Within Spec Use Active Circuitry Select Active TRMIMs yes yes yes no no no Attempt Design Using Active Circuitry Segment Requires Further Division yes no Another Ring yes no TRBMIM ...

Page 238: ...Charts Tables A 6 Network Design Flowcharts Multichannel Token Ring Network Design Flowchart no DONE yes Select Chassis TRMM 2 4 TRXMIMs RI RO TDRMIMs Connect Rings in Hub no yes CRM 3T Add NPMs ...

Page 239: ...ork Design Flowcharts A 7 Charts Tables FDDI Backbone Network Design Flowchart Select Chassis DONE no yes no no yes yes Ethernet Network FDDI Stations FDMMIM FDCMIMs CRM 3T FDDI NPM BRIM Slot BRIM F6 FPIMs ...

Page 240: ...Charts Tables A 8 Network Design Flowcharts FDDI Workgroup Network Design Select Chassis DONE no yes Ethernet Network FDMMIM FDCMIMs CRM 3T FDDI NPM Token Ring Network no yes ...

Page 241: ...rightmost two slots in the MMAC chassis the Management Module slot and one adjacent full Media Interface Module slot Table A 1 MMAC Chassis Product Capacitya MMAC M3FNB 1 Half Slot 2 Full Slots MMAC M5FNB 1 Half Slot 4 Full Slots MMAC M8FNB 1 Half Slot 7 Full Slots Table A 2 Ethernet Repeaters Required Functions Compliant Modules A Channel Ethernet Repeating and Management Functions Only IRM 2 IRM...

Page 242: ...IMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectors Max of Stations Connector Product Name AUI to transceivers DB15 female 8 1 MT8 MIM Thin Coax RG58 12 29 THN MIM UTP RJ45 12 1 TPMIM 22 24 1 TPMIM 24 RJ21 1 12 TPMIM 32 2 12 TPMIM 34 Multimode Fiber Optics Sub Miniature Assembly 6a 1 FOMIM 16 12 1 FOMIM 12 18 1 FOMIM 18 Straight Tip 6a 1 FOMIM 26 12 1 FOMIM 22 18 1 FOMIM 28 Single Mode Fiber Optics...

Page 243: ... The use of the backplane connection requires the deactivation of one of the front panel ports RJ45 or Fiber ST on the module to be so configured b Note All Fiber Optic MIMs provide two connectors transmit and receive for each Ethernet connection The number of connectors given is the maximum number of transmit and receive pairs available on the module Table A 4 Ethernet RMIMs Media Type Connector ...

Page 244: ...nt panel b The TPXMIM 34 requires that one station connection of the RJ21 Telco port be disabled in order to activate the EPIM connection Table A 6 Ethernet Port Assignment MIMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectors Max of Stations Connector Product Name UTP RJ45 9 1a 1 TPXMIM 20 22 1 1 TPXMIM 22 RJ21 1 1 12 TPXMIM 32 2 1b 12 TPXMIM 34 ...

Page 245: ... in an otherwise unpopulated chassis TRMM Creation of a Token Ring in a chassis containing existing modules TRMMIM Table A 8 Token Ring Bridge Management Module Required Functions Bridge Interface 1a Bridge Interface 2 Bridge Interface 3 Product Name Mid chassis Bridging Management Backplane R Backplane L Front Panel DB9 TRBMIM Table A 9 Token Ring Multichannel Modules Required Functions Connectio...

Page 246: ...lable on the module Table A 10 Token Ring MIMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectors Product Name UTP passive RJ45 12 TRMIM 22 24 TRMIM 24 UTP active RJ45 12 TRMIM 22A 24 TRMIM 24A STP passive Shielded RJ45 12 TRMIM 42 24 TRMIM 44 STP active Shielded RJ45 12 TRMIM 42A 24 TRMIM 44A Multimode Fiber Optics Straight Tip 6a TRFMIM 26 12 TRFMIM 22 18 TRFMIM 28 Single Mode Fiber Optics Straight ...

Page 247: ...ne N A 2 TPIMs 0 TRRMIM AT UTP active RJ45 2 TPIMs 12 TRRMIM 2AT STP active Shielded RJ45 2 TPIMs 12 TRRMIM 4AT Fiber Optics Multimode ST Connectors 2 TPIMs 6 TRRMIM F2T Fiber Optics Single mode ST Connectors 2 TPIMs 6 TRRMIM F3T Table A 12 Token Ring Port Assignment MIMs Media Type Connector Type Number of Connectors Product Name UTP active RJ45 12 TRXMIM 22 24 TRXMIM 24 STP active Shielded RJ45 ...

Page 248: ...14 FDDI Management Bridge Module A B Port Media Type M Ports M Port Media Product Name Multimode Fiber Opticsa 0 N A FDMMIM 4 Multimode Fiber FDMMIM 04 UTP FDMMIM 24 STP FDMMIM 44 Single Mode Fiber Optics 0 N A FDMMIM 30 Table A 15 FDDI Concentrator Modules M Port Media Type Number of Ports Product Name Multimode Fiber Optics 4 FDCMIM 04 8 FDCMIM 08 Unshielded Twisted Pair 4 FDCMIM 24 8 FDCMIM 28 ...

Page 249: ...les Table A 16 Ethernet Standard Distance Limitations Media Max Distance Thick Coax 500m Thin Coax 185m Standard AUI 50m Office AUI 16 5m UTP 100m Fiber Optics Multimode 1000m Fiber Optics Single Mode 1000m Table A 17 Ethernet General Rules Max Stations 1 024 Max Repeater Hops Path 4 Max Bridges Path 7 Topologies Bus Star Tree Hybrid ...

Page 250: ...Circuitry Cable Type Max of Stations Max Lobe Length 4 Mbps 16 Mbps 4 Mbps 16 Mbps STP active IBM Types 1 2 250 250 300m 150m IBM Types 6 9a 250 136 200m 100m passive IBM Types 1 2 250 250 200m 100m IBM Type 9 250 136 133m 66m UTP active Category 5 150 150 250m 120m Categories 3 4 150 150 200m 100m passive Category 5 100 100 130m 85m Categories 3 4 100 100 100m 60m Fiber Optics active Multimode 25...

Page 251: ...nces Media Max Distance 4 Mbps Max Distance 16 Mbps Shielded Twisted Pair 770m 346m Unshielded Twisted Pair Category 3 4 200m 100m Category 5 250m 120m Fiber Optics Multimode 2000m 2000m Fiber Optics Single Mode 2000m 2000m Table A 20 Token Ring General Rules Max Stations Ring 260 Max Bridges 7 Topologies Logical Ring Physical Star ...

Page 252: ...1 STP cabling only Table 11 1 FDDI Distance Limitations Media PMD Standard Max Link Distance Fiber Optics Multimode MMF PMD 2 km Fiber Optics Single Mode SMF PMD 60 km Unshielded Twisted Paira TP PMD 100 m Shielded Twisted Pairb 100 m Table 11 2 FDDI General Rules Max Stations Ring 500 Max Total Ring Length 100 Km Topologies Logical Ring Tree ...

Page 253: ...governs the operation of devices connecting to Ethernet fiber optic cable Supersedes previous FOIRL standard 10BASE T IEEE standard which governs the operation of devices connecting to Ethernet Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP cable A B Ports FDDI ports which provide connection in pairs to the dual counter rotating ring Alarm A notification generated by the operation of SNMP which is sent to a manageme...

Page 254: ...trap Protocol Checks MIB variables of an SNMP manageable device to determine whether it should start up using its existing firmware or boot up from a network server specifically configured for the purpose Branch Group A collection of MIBs related by common function These MIBs are collected into families called branches See also Leaf Object MIB Tree Bridge Bridges are network devices which connect ...

Page 255: ...ar to a password a Community Name acts to restrict access to control capabilities and network statistics Concentrator A network device which allows multiple network ports in one location to share one physical interface to the network Congestion An estimation or measure of the utilization of a network typically expressed as a percentage of theoretical maximum utilization of the network Connectivity...

Page 256: ...in connector typically used in Token Ring networks and for serial communications between computers Decryption The translation of data from an encrypted see encryption form into a form both recognizable and utilizable by a workstation node or network device Dedicated Assigned to one purpose or function Default Gateway the IP address of the network or host to which all packets addressed to unknown n...

Page 257: ...mission See also CSMA CD Fault Tolerance The ability of a design device or network to operate at full or reduced capacity after suffering a failure of some essential component or connection See also redundant FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface A high speed networking technology FDDI requires that stations only transmit data when they have been given permission by the operation of the network an...

Page 258: ...ng modular chassis and reinserted or replaced without requiring that the chassis and all associated modules be powered down Hub See Modular Chassis IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority An agency which assigns and distributes IP addresses IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers A standards making body IETF Internet Engineering Task Force A standards making body Image File Software...

Page 259: ...the electrical signals Jitter is often a result of passing a signal through too many repeaters LAN Local Area Network LANVIEW A system which relates diagnostic troubleshooting and operational information pertaining to network devices through the use of prominently displayed LEDs LDRAM Local Dynamic Random Access Memory Leaf Object An end unit in a MIB tree Leaf objects are accessed through a serie...

Page 260: ...network or networks Module A discrete device which is placed in a modular chassis to provide functionality which may include but is not limited to bridging routing connectivity and repeating Modules are easily installed and removed Also any device designed to be placed in another device in order to operate Multichannel A Cabletron Systems Ethernet design which provides three separate network chann...

Page 261: ...assed by Token Ring end nodes to the MAU to open the relay for that port Plenum A cabling term which indicates a cable with insulating material that is considered safe to use in return air plenum spaces in contrast to PVC insulation due to its low relative toxicity if ignited Port A physical connector which is used as an interface to cabling with modular or pinned connectors Ports are associated w...

Page 262: ...t network segments but allows information to flow between them when necessary The router unlike a bridge examines the data contained in every packet it receives for more detailed information Based on this information the router decides whether to block the packet from the rest of the network or transmit it and will attempt to send the packet by the most efficient path through the network S Ports F...

Page 263: ...ate some ports while others remain in a standby condition avoiding the data loops and providing redundant paths in the event of bridge failures SQE Signal Quality Error A self monitoring test performed by some Ethernet equipment which examines the status of the device at arbitrary and predefined intervals ST Straight Tip A modular connector and port system used with both multimode and single mode ...

Page 264: ...s that it may transmit data for a specified length of time Once that time has expired the station must stop transmitting and pass the token along to the next station in the network Token Ring A network technology which requires that stations only transmit data when they have been given permission by the reception of a Token and dictates that stations will receive information at pre determined inte...

Page 265: ...Ring 3 11 BRIM 5 19 C Carrier Sense 5 2 Chapter summaries 1 2 Cheapernet 2 9 Coaxial cable 2 8 Collapsed backbone 4 15 Collision Detection 5 3 Collision handling 5 17 CSMA CD 5 1 Customer Support 1 4 D Destination Address 3 2 Device backbone 4 16 Distributed backbone 4 14 Document organization 1 2 Dual Attached Concentrator 3 16 7 4 Dual Attached Station 3 16 7 3 E EPIM 5 22 Ethernet basics 3 1 br...

Page 266: ... Ports 7 5 Media 2 7 FDDI 7 2 Token Ring 6 9 Media Access Control MAC 2 17 Media Interface Module MIM 5 5 Modular Chassis 4 25 Multichannel Ethernet 5 21 Multichannel Token Ring 6 33 Multiple Access 5 1 Multistation Access Unit MAU 6 4 6 10 6 21 N NAUN 6 5 Network definition 2 1 2 3 growth 4 24 Layout 4 19 migration 4 24 planning 4 18 uses 2 2 Network map 4 23 Networking overview 2 1 Networking Se...

Page 267: ...6 7 5 Source Address 3 2 Specifications 2 13 Standards 2 13 STP 2 11 Switching Ethernet 3 5 5 34 T T connector 2 9 Technical Support 1 4 Technology definition 2 6 Ethernet 3 1 selection 4 12 standards bodies 2 14 Thicknet 2 8 Thin coaxial cable 2 9 Thinnet 2 9 Token 6 2 Token Ring Basics 3 9 connectivity 6 10 description 6 1 to 6 10 Discussion 3 13 discussion 3 13 fault recovery 6 4 port assignmen...

Page 268: ...Index 4 Draft Manual For Internal Use Only ...

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