Banner AG4 Series Safety Laser Scanner
Additional Scanner-Specific Distance Factors
Two Scanner-specific factors must be considered when calculating the Minimum Safety distance:
Z
SM
& Z
refl
Z
SM
Measurement Tolerance Factor
Z
SM
is the additional distance needed to account for distance measurement error. The value for
Z
SM
is a
function of the distance from the Scanner (rotary mirror’s center point) to the furthest point of the Protective
Field measured along the radial (R
G
).
For Vertical Protective Fields (normal approach):
Z
SM
= 0
For Horizontal Protective Fields (parallel approach):
Z
SM
= 83 mm (3.3") for Protective Fields RG < 3500 mm (138")
Z
SM
= 100 mm (4") for Protective Fields RG ≥ 3500 mm (138")
Z
refl
Retro Reflector Factor
Z
refl
is the additional distance needed to account for error due to reflections from retro reflective or shiny surfaces that
are present in the scanning plane.
No Retro-reflectors:
Z
refl
= 0
Retro-reflectors located within the scanning plane of the Protective Field:
Z
refl
= 100 mm (4")
3.3.6 Pass-Through Hazards
A ―pass-through hazard
‖
is associated with applications where personnel may pass through a safeguard (which issues a
stop command to remove the hazard), and then continues into the guarded area, such as in perimeter guarding.
Subsequently, their presence is no longer detected, and the related danger becomes the unexpected start or restart of
the machine while personnel are within the guarded area.
A pass-through hazard typically results from large safety distances calculated from long stopping times, large minimum
object sensitivities, reach-over, reach-through, or other installation considerations. A pass-through hazard can be
generated with as little as 75 mm (3") between the defined area and the machine frame or hard guarding.
Reducing or Eliminating Pass-Through Hazards
Eliminate or reduce pass-through hazards whenever possible. While it is recommended to eliminate the pass-through
hazard altogether, this may not be possible due to machine layout, machine capabilities, or other application
considerations.
One solution is to ensure that personnel are continually sensed while within the hazardous area. This can be
accomplished by using supplemental safeguarding, such as described by the ANSI B11 series of safety requirements or
other appropriate standards (see Section 3.3.8).
An alternate method is to ensure that once the safeguarding device is tripped it will latch, and will require a deliberate
manual action to reset. This method of safeguarding relies upon the location of the reset switch as well as safe work
practices and procedures to prevent an unexpected start or restart of the guarded machine (see Section 3.3.7).
WARNING . . . USE OF SCANNER FOR PERIMETER GUARDING
If a Scanner is installed in an application that results in a pass-through hazard (e.g., perimeter guarding), either the Scanner or the
Machine Primary Control Elements (MPCEs) of the guarded machine must cause a Latched response following an interruption of the
defined area.
The reset of this Latched condition may only be achieved by actuating a reset switch that is separate from the normal means of machine cycle
initiation. The switch must be positioned as described in Section 3.3.7.
Lockout/Tagout procedures per ANSI Z244.1 may be required, or additional safeguarding, as described by ANSI B11 safety requirements or other
appropriate standards, must be used if a pass-through hazard cannot be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level of risk.
Failure to observe this
warning could result in serious bodily injury or death.
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