Serial Number 1646
46
The instructor
shows proper performance of turns at small bank angle to the student.
The student
tries to perform
turns properly, finishing them at indicated bearing. At the same time, the student strives to maintain even flight speed
and to keep slip indicator ball in center position throughout the turn. This Lesson includes performance of turns
finishing at indicated compass bearing. Before each turn, the student checks that the area into which he/she turns is free.
Conditions for passing:
The student
performs turns at small bank angle on his/her own, finishing them at indicated
bearing, without major fluctuations of
altitude
, flight speed, and bank angle, with slip indicator ball in center position
throughout the turn, and including proper commencing and completion of turns.
4.4
Lesson 4: Turns with bank angle up to 45
º
Recommended flight level is 1000ft / 300m AGL – 1600ft / 500m AGL; it must not be less than 1000ft / 300m AGL.
Training methodology:
The instructor
shows proper performance of sharp turns to the student. He points out the importance of increasing
engine rpm before commencing the turn. Extra attention must be paid to the danger of losing speed in a turn. The
instructor pays attention to the sequence of controls when entering the turn, stabilization of turn, and warns against the
risk of spin and/or spiral. Recovery from spin and spiral is touched only theoretically during pre-flight instruction.
Turns on horizontal, during climb and descent are performed with regard to engine power. The instructor sees to it that
the student checks that the area into which he/she turns is free.
The student
checks that the area into which he/she turns
is free, performs sharp turns with indicated bank angle, speed, slip indicator position, and finishes the turns at indicated
bearing. The student also performs turns to opposite directions one after another
Conditions for passing:
The student
performs sharp turns on his/her own, finishing them at indicated bearing, and
performs turns to opposite directions one after another = figure eights.
4.5
Lesson 5: Take-off, traffic pattern flight, and landing
Traffic pattern flight level is 500ft / 150m AGL – 1000ft / 300m AGL.
Training methodology:
The instructor
shows proper piloting during take-off, traffic pattern flight, and landing to the student. Special attention
must be paid to gaining speed after lift-off, to allow climb at correct climbing speed; also to shape of traffic pattern,
altitude at different sectors for traffic pattern, and correct planning of landing with stable descent without the need to
change engine power to change angle of approach. As far as planning of landing is concerned, the instructor explains the
effect of wind, length of runway, possible turbulence near ground, and other factors which may influence the
decision during planning of landing. He points out that it is necessary to maintain proper speed during descent until the
aircraft is leveled, so that no change of engine power is necessary during rounding out. He also points out that controls
become less effective with decreasing flight speed.
The student
practices take-off, climbing, traffic pattern flight,
planning of landing, landing, and take-off from leveling out point. First and fourth turn must be performed with 15
degree bank angle at altitude at least 330ft / 100m AGL. Second and third turn must be performed with 30 degree bank
angle at altitude 500ft / 150m AGL – 1000ft / 300m AGL.
Take-off from leveling out point must be practiced.
Conditions for passing:
The student
is able to take-off, to fly traffic pattern, to plan for landing turns, to land, and
knows important procedures.
4.6
Lesson 6: Glissade, prevention of loss of height, flight speed
Flight level is 1000ft / 300m AGL – 1600ft / 500m AGL.
Training methodology:
The instructor
shows glissades, prevention of loss of height during direct flight, during turns with 30 degree bank
angle, and flight at maximum speed to the student. He warns against the risk of spin resulting from skidding turn and/or
spiral resulting from slipping turn. The instructor ensures that the student practices glissade thoroughly, as it is the main
element of correcting planning for emergency landing into limited space. Practice glissades must be terminated at
sufficient altitude. Subsequently, piloting throughout the speed envelope is repeated, focusing on aircraft control during
slow flight. Flight at minimum speed is practiced, at different engine powers and flap configurations. During flight at
maximum speed, the instructor ensures that the student uses only 1/3 deflection of controls.
The student
practices
glissade left and right, prevention of fall, and flights throughout the speed envelope listed in aircraft flight manual.
Conditions for passing:
The student
is able to enter glissade, to maintain speed, direction of flight, and is able to
recover into straight flight. The student is able to fly throughout the speed envelope of aircraft.
4.7
Lesson 7: Corrections of improper planning of landing, and landing
Training methodology:
The instructor
shows correction of long approach and short approach to the student, as well as the actions necessary to
correct high leveling out, ballooning, and rebound. He lets the student fly long approach and short approach, and lets the
student correct them. The instructor shows intentionally high leveling out, ballooning, and rebound, and lets the student
correct them.
The student
corrects long approach, short approach, high leveling out, ballooning, and rebound.
