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Chapter

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6-25

6.2.9 Multicast

6.2.9.1 Overview

Multicast, a network technology, allows one or multiple senders (multicast source) to

send a single packet to multiple receivers (at one time and simultaneously). Multicast

sources send packets to a specific multicast group; only those addresses in this

multicast group can receive packets. Multicast saves network bandwidth greatly

because a single packet is transmitted over any link of the whole network no matter

how many destination addresses there are. Multicast improves efficiency of data

transmission and reduces possible backbone congestion. Hosts in a multicast group can

be located in the same physical network or come from different physical networks (if

supported by a multicast router).

1. Prerequisite for the multicast technology:

To implement IP multicast transmission, the multicast source, receiver, and

lower-layer network between them must support multicast. This covers the

following:

1) The TCP/IP implementation of the host supports the sending and receiving of IP

multicast;

2) The host network interface supports multicast;

3) A set of group management protocols are available for addition, leave and query,

that is, the IGMP (v1, v2) must be provided;

4) A set of IP address allocation strategies must be provided to map L3 IP multicast

addresses to L2 MAC addresses;

5) The IP multicast application software must be supported;

6) The multicast technology is supported by all routers, hubs, switches, TCP/IP

stacks, and firewalls between the multicast sources and receivers.

2. Definition of the multicast address

In multicast communication, we need two kinds of addresses: One IP multicast

address and one Ethernet multicast address. The IP multicast address identifies a

multicast group. As all IP packets are encapsulated in an Ethernet frame, a

multicast Ethernet address is also needed. To make multicast run normally, the

host must be able to receive unicast and multicast data simultaneously. This

Содержание ZXDSL 9210 (V3.1)

Страница 1: ...ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Technical Manual ZTE CORPORATION ...

Страница 2: ...any form or by any means without the prior written permission of ZTE Corporation ZTE CORPORATION ZTE DO BRASIL LTDA ZTE Plaza Keji Road South Hi Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District Shenzhen P R China ADD Alameda Juari 522 Tamboré Barueri São Paulo Brasil CEP 06460 090 Tel 86755 26771900 800 9830 9830 Tel 0055 11 4208 3888 Fax 86755 26770801 Fax 0055 11 42086888 Email support zte com cn Email sup...

Страница 3: ...rsion V3 1 Document version 20040803 R1 2 Equipment installation time Your information Name Company Postcode Company address Telephone E mail Presentation How is information presented Introductions procedures illustrations others Good Fair Average Poor Bad Accessibility Can you find the information you want Table of contents Index headings numbering others Good Fair Average Poor Bad Your evaluatio...

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Страница 5: ... Access Equipment Technical Manual ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Hardware Manual ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Installation Manual Hardware ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Installation Manual Software ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Command Manual ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Interface M...

Страница 6: ...unication introduces the physical interfaces of the ZXDSL 9210 system and the protocols applicable to this system Chapter 7 Service Functions describes the service functions of the ZXDSL 9210 system Chapter 8 Networking Modes and System Configuration introduces various networking modes of the ZXDSL 9210 system and corresponding system configurations Appendix A Terms and Definitions gives a brief i...

Страница 7: ...se button usually the left mouse button once Double click Refers to quickly clicking the primary mouse button usually the left mouse button twice Right click Refers to clicking the secondary mouse button usually the right mouse button once Drag Refers to pressing and holding a mouse button and move the mouse 4 Danger Warning Caution and Note Statements Danger Warning Caution and Note statements ar...

Страница 8: ...ices Note A Note statement is used to notify people of installation operation or maintenance information that is important but not hazard related Tips Indicates a suggestion or hint to make things easier or more productive for the reader Statement The actual product may differ from what is described in this manual due to frequent update of ZTE products and fast development of technologies Please c...

Страница 9: ...ADSL Access Mode 1 9 1 3 3 VDSL Access Mode 1 10 2 System Structure 2 1 2 1 Brief Introduction to the System 2 1 2 1 1 Background 2 1 2 1 2 Applicable Standards 2 2 2 1 3 Functions 2 3 2 2 System Features 2 9 3 Technical Indices 3 1 3 1 System Indices 3 1 3 1 1 Physical Performance 3 1 3 1 2 Power Supply of Equipment 3 2 3 1 3 Environment Conditions 3 3 3 1 4 Interface Indices 3 4 3 1 5 Capacity I...

Страница 10: ...bedded BAS RPCK 3 21 3 2 11 Backplane MDSLA 3 21 4 Hardware Structure 4 1 4 1 Overall Architecture of the System 4 1 4 1 1 Cabinet 4 3 4 1 2 Frame 4 5 4 1 3 Single frame Configuration 4 5 4 1 4 Arrangement Diagram of Integrated Equipment 4 6 4 2 Introduction to Boards 4 8 4 2 1 SCBF 4 8 4 2 2 VTIEF 4 10 4 2 3 ATIGN 4 12 4 2 4 VDSL Splitter Board VSEN VSET 4 14 4 2 5 PSUN PSUT 4 15 4 2 6 EICM 4 16 ...

Страница 11: ...base Subsystem 5 10 5 4 5 L3 4 Protocol Subsystem 5 10 5 4 6 L2 Protocol Subsystem 5 11 5 4 7 Service Control Subsystem 5 13 5 4 8 Bearer Subsystem 5 15 5 4 9 Operation Support Subsystem 5 15 5 4 10 BSP Subsystem 5 15 5 5 System Software of Embedded BAS 5 16 5 6 System Software Subsystem of Embedded BAS 5 17 5 6 1 Service Subsystem 5 17 5 6 2 Bearer Subsystem 5 20 5 6 3 Operation Maintenance Subsy...

Страница 12: ... 6 1 2 User Interface 6 4 6 2 Introduction to Protocols 6 6 6 2 1 RFC1483 Protocol 6 6 6 2 2 RFC1483 Bridging Protocol 6 7 6 2 3 PPP 6 7 6 2 4 PPPoE Protocol 6 11 6 2 5 VLAN Protocol 6 14 6 2 6 STP 6 17 6 2 7 RADIUS Protocol 6 17 6 2 8 802 1X Protocol 6 20 6 2 9 Multicast 6 25 6 2 10 VBAS Protocol 6 29 7 Service Functions 7 1 7 1 Overview 7 1 7 2 Introduction to Services Functions 7 1 7 2 1 Basic ...

Страница 13: ... 3 3 Application Features 8 10 Appendix A Terms and Definitions A 1 A 1 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADSL A 1 A 2 Access Network AN A 1 A 3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM A 1 A 4 ADSL Transceiver Unit ATU A 1 A 5 ADSL Transceiver Unit Central Office End ATUC A 2 A 6 ADSL Transceiver Unit Remote End ATUR A 2 A 7 Discrete Multi Tone DMT A 2 A 8 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DSLAM ...

Страница 14: ...d Digital Subscriber Line VDSL A 4 A 16 Video on Demand VOD A 4 Appendix B Applicable Standards B 1 B 1 ADSL Standards B 1 B 2 ATM Related Standards B 1 B 3 Ethernet L2 L3 Related Standards B 2 B 4 National Standards B 4 Appendix C Abbreviations C 1 Appendix D Index D 1 ...

Страница 15: ...he System 4 1 Fig 4 1 2 Size of the DSL Cabinet Depth 800 4 3 Fig 4 1 3 Size of the DSL Cabinet Depth 600 4 4 Fig 4 1 4 ZXDSL 9210 Frame 4 5 Fig 4 1 5 Board Configuration of Single Frame 4 6 Fig 4 1 6 Configuration of the Integrated Equipment DSL cabinet Depth 800 4 7 Fig 4 2 1 Operating Principles of SCBF 4 9 Fig 4 2 2 Operating Principles of VTIEF 4 11 Fig 4 2 3 Operating Principles of ATIGN 4 1...

Страница 16: ...ting distributed BAS equipment 6 2 Fig 6 1 3 Relationship between Operation Modes of ZXDSL 9210 6 6 Fig 6 2 1 Protocol Stack of RFC1483 Bridged 6 7 Fig 6 2 2 Status Flow of PPP 6 8 Fig 6 2 3 PPP Encapsulation Format 6 11 Fig 6 2 4 PPPoE Protocol over Ethernet 6 12 Fig 6 2 5 Communication Flow of PPPoE 6 12 Fig 6 2 6 Stages Involved in PPPoE Data Encapsulation 6 14 Fig 6 2 7 Format of Tag Header 6 ...

Страница 17: ...ing ADSL and VDSL user access 8 2 Fig 8 1 2 Schematic Diagram of Uplink Router Networking Ethernet user access 8 2 Fig 8 1 3 Networking Diagram of Uplink BAS Equipment 8 3 Fig 8 1 4 Networking Diagram of Uplink BAS Equipment Ethernet user access 8 3 Fig 8 1 5 Networking Diagram when Multiple 9210s are Converged 8 4 Fig 8 1 6 Schematic Diagram of Chain Networking with Multiple ZXDSL 9210 Devices 8 ...

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Страница 19: ...rameters of 100M Ethernet Single Mode Optical Interface Transmitting 3 11 Table 3 1 6 Parameters of the 100M Ethernet Single Mode Optical Interface Receiving 3 12 Table 3 1 7 Parameters of the 1000M Multimode Optical Transmitter 3 13 Table 3 1 8 Parameters of the 1000M Multimode Optical Receiver 3 14 Table 3 1 9 Parameters of the 1000M Single Mode Optical Transmitter 3 15 Table 3 1 10 Parameters o...

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Страница 21: ... access technology applied most widely includes two wiring modes One is to lay Category 5 twisted pairs and establish a switching Ethernet the other is to fully employ precious resources of the original copper wires telephone subscriber lines and adopt various technologies of high speed modulation and coding for broadband access The popular copper wire technologies at present are described as foll...

Страница 22: ...ding to the characteristics of various multimedia services subscribers use the uplink rate is lower while the downlink rate is higher thus especially applicable to retrieval type network services A typical uplink rate of ADSL is 64 kbps to 1 Mbps and its typical downlink rate is 1 544 Mbps to 8 192 Mbps The greatest transmission distance is 5 km The ADSL broadband access and ordinary telephone ser...

Страница 23: ...re demodulated and filtered to regenerate the original signals Therefore as long as you configure a VDSL Modem at the central office and one at the subscriber premises telephone services can be added to channels by means of POTS splitters and couplers And the HDTV digital images or multi channel code compressed MPEG images can be transmitted to the subscriber premises via VDSL downlink channels Co...

Страница 24: ...el Fig 1 2 1 VDSL Communication Duct The duct has a high speed uplink channel a high speed downlink channel to the subscriber premises and a low frequency channel 0 kHz to 900 kHz The low frequency channel ensures that voice communication or ISDN runs normally even if the VDSL connection fails For the transmission rates of the high speed uplink downlink channels please refer to Table 1 2 1 Table 1...

Страница 25: ...iples of ADSL In the ADSL technology special modulation demodulation hardware is used to connect the ends of existing twisted pairs and this technology establishes a 3 channel duct as shown in Fig 1 2 3 High speed downlink channel Medium speed duplex channel POTS channel Fig 1 2 3 ADSL Communication Duct This duct has a high speed downlink channel to the subscriber premises a medium speed duplex c...

Страница 26: ...tion DMT divides 1 MHz spectrum into 256 sub channels with the bandwidth of 4 3125 kHz The number of bits over each channel is determined by the actually measured channel quality so as to shunt those noisy sub channels with too much damage thus realizing reliable communication ADSL working between points needs no medium access control so each subscriber can work in the continuous full speed enviro...

Страница 27: ...ed on Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM between subscriber premises equipment and central office equipment Essentially ATM is a fast packet switching mode so it features flexible adaptability to new services and high resource utilization Without link by link error control but with fixed length packet data structure it simplifies protocols greatly as compared with other packet switching modes Since pa...

Страница 28: ...ption and QoS requirement Network pre allocates resources for this connection alone and network resource is occupied only when cells are actually transmitted This is bandwidth VC is a general concept and actually consists of Virtual Channel VC and Virtual Path VP A VP provides the communication capability for transferring ATM cells between two adjacent ATM entities and is identified with a VP Iden...

Страница 29: ...ial up mode has become the mainstream of ADSL virtual dial up In addition it has an independent set of network protocol PPPoE for account authentication and IP allocation Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet PPPoE is made and developed to satisfy more and more broadband online equipment such as ADSL wireless and cable TV and the increasingly faster Internet communication It is based on two widely...

Страница 30: ...s 2 WinPoET Developed by iVasion com now called WindRiver it is one of the drafters of PPPoE WinPoET occupies a huge market share in PPPoE software and is used by many superpower ISPs WinPoET provides PPP via dial up network of the operating system so the use of WinPoET for Internet access is very similar to dial up access via 56K MODEM WinPoET just provides PPPoE service at the background 3 RASPP...

Страница 31: ...one kilometer In the ADSL mode existing ordinary telephone lines copper cable twisted pairs are used The Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM and Discrete Multi Tone DMT technologies are combined to provide sufficient broadband capacity and to transmit voice and data services simultaneously without any interference between them ZXDSL 9210 supports both symmetric and asymmetric uplink downlink data ...

Страница 32: ...over backbone IP network The typical networking mode is shown in Fig 2 1 1 Telephone ZXDSL 9210 HUB RADIUS PC PC PC PC HITA CHI 1 23 4 56 7 89 8 1 23 4 56 7 89 8 1 23 4 56 7 89 8 SPLITTER ZXDSL 9210 User terminal User terminal User terminal PST network IP network Access layer Convergence layer Core layer Access server BAS Backbone router Fig 2 1 1 Networking Diagram of ZXDSL 9210 ZXDSL 9210 suppor...

Страница 33: ...ng to the ADSL standards ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 achieves a downlink rate up to 8 192 Mbit s and an uplink rate of up to 64 kbit s Without adding any copper cables or affecting original telephone services it implements high speed data access over existing subscriber loops Besides it provides users with high speed Internet access VOD and videophone services 2 VDSL service ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 supports VDSL serv...

Страница 34: ...o any other VLAN which helps control flow reduce equipment investment simplify network management and enhance network management ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 supports the following VLAN features 1 Supports VLAN based on IEEE 802 1Q The IEEE 802 1Q Standards stipulate an operation called tagging that is affixing a 4 byte tag domain to the destination and source addresses of an Ethernet frame This tag domain inc...

Страница 35: ... The ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 equipment supports the IGMP SNOOPING protocol The IGMP Snooping protocol manages and controls multicast groups and employs the IGMP messages IGMP Snooping runs at the link layer When receiving any IGMP message transferred between the host and the router a Layer 2 device will copy it and transfer it to the CPU Then the IGMP Snooping analyzes the information contained in the IGM...

Страница 36: ...versions only support line tests of the ADSL subscriber interface boards instead of any VDSL subscriber interface board 2 Modem remote management system Provided on the central office equipment management platform to be responsible for remote configuration check and configuration management for Modem This system is started only when the xDSL line test system draws a conclusion that there is no lin...

Страница 37: ...ve leased line access in IP mode If allocated a public network IP address users do not have to gain access by means of PPP dial up and always remains online 3 Allocates an IP address to a user by means of an embedded DHCP Server or external DHCP Server 4 Supports 802 1X authentication authenticates wireless users in combination with the EAP SIM and EAP MD5 authentication flow and recommends custom...

Страница 38: ...are charged monthly according to different levels of bandwidth 128K N 8 Provides flow prepaid service and duration prepaid service ZTE provides a whole set of solutions in combination with the RADIUS Server 9 Provides perfect statistics function which makes statistics on the user call times number of failed call attempts average duration of user access average charge of user access idle time proba...

Страница 39: ...ce service is added to a channel by means of a POTS splitter and coupler It shares the same subscriber line with data service They form respective loops instead of affecting each other 3 Flexible configuration and simple management based on the Ethernet technology The Ethernet switching technology is adopted within the system Based on different configuration requirements 10 100M electrical interfa...

Страница 40: ...dband O M functions Implements line test system functions Modem remote management functions and M 1 protections 9 Cost effective and compliant with the situation in China As copper cable twisted pairs have been widely applied in China so existing subscriber lines of SPC switches can be used as transmission lines in the construction of a DSL access network thus saving investment 10 The product is d...

Страница 41: ...ectly with powder It is partially equipped with conductivity protection The cabinet framework is assembled the parts are wholly zinc plated and the conjunction is secured with conductivity protection to ensure good contact The junction section between other parts is secured with proper conductivity protection Dimensions of the DSL cabinet Depth 600 mm 2 000 mm 600 mm 600 mm H W D It is galvanized ...

Страница 42: ...50 kg m2 and that of the non equipment room floor must be at least 300 kg m2 3 1 2 Power Supply of Equipment 3 1 2 1 Power Supply Range of the Power System The ZXDSL 9210 equipment adopts distributed power supply Two groups of 48 VDC power supply one active and the other standby are input from two sockets on a backplane To ensure that the equipment runs stably the input operating voltage ranges fr...

Страница 43: ... Ethernet subboard EICG 15 1000M Ethernet optical interface board RPCK 60 Embedded BAS LTC 5 Protection control unit MDSLA 0 Backplane 3 1 3 Environment Conditions 3 1 3 1 Grounding Grounding resistance 1 Ω 3 1 3 2 Temperature Humidity 1 Ambient temperature Temperature for guaranteed performance 0 C to 40 C Temperature for guaranteed operation 5 C to 50 C 2 Ambient humidity Humidity for guaranteed...

Страница 44: ...re Under working conditions 1 08 105 Pa to 5 1 104 Pa Under storage conditions 1 08 105 Pa to 1 2 104 Pa 3 1 3 6 Air Pollution The equipment must not be exposed to corrosive gases such as H2S SO2 oxides of ammonia smog or oil solvents No smoking is allowed in the equipment room 3 1 4 Interface Indices 3 1 4 1 ADSL Interface Indices 1 Transmitting Power Spectrum Density PSD on the ADSL over POTS li...

Страница 45: ...ansmitting and receiving frequency bands of the ADSL line interface RL is greater than or equal to 12 dB 3 Longitudinal Conversion Loss LCL of ADSL interface For the ADSL line interface on the frequency bands of 30 to 1 104 kHz LCL is greater than or equal to 40 dB 4 Over voltage protection of ADSL interface 1 Lightening over voltage The line interface of the ADSL device must be able to stand the ...

Страница 46: ...eristic The nominal impedance of the splitter at the audio interface should be triplet impedance If the interface is designed according to Z interface specifications that impedance should be 600 Ω Both are balanced interfaces The impedance characteristic is represented by RL The RL at the audio interface point meets the requirements shown in Fig 3 1 2 Return loss dB 14 18 500 2000 300 3400H z Freq...

Страница 47: ...on and normal operation of the ADSL system if a hold tone signal with the frequency of 1 020 Hz and the level of 13 dBmp is added to the measured circuit the level noise exceeding the threshold by 25 dBmp and measured at the PSTN POTS interface within 15 minutes must not be more than 15 times 7 Insertion loss of voice band The insertion loss at 1 020 Hz generated by the CO and remote splitters mus...

Страница 48: ... of the absolute value of Vout to that of Vout The index of transmitter differential mode output voltage of the 100M Ethernet interface is Vout Vout 0 98 Ü Ü 1 02 z Impedance feedback loss Impedance feedback loss reflects impedance match The calculation formula is Xr 20lg Z R Z R Z is the actual resistance while R is the nominal resistance The nominal impedance of UTP is 100Ω and that of STP is 15...

Страница 49: ...ransmission This change changes the ratio of the duration with pulses to that without any pulse The duty ratio distortion of 100M Ethernet interface must be less than 0 5 ns z Jitter The output jitter of the 100M Ethernet interface should be less than 0 5 ns 2 Receiver interface parameters z Differential mode input characteristic of receiver The differential mode input characteristic of a receiver...

Страница 50: ...ameters of the 100M Ethernet multimode optical interface transmitting Table 3 1 4 shows the parameters of the 100M Ethernet multimode optical interface receiving Table 3 1 3 Parameters of 100M Ethernet Multimode Optical Interface Transmitting Parameter Symbol Min Value Typical Value Max Value Unit Optical power output 62 5 125µm NA 0 275 EOL PO 19 20 15 7 14 dBm Optical power output 62 5 125µm NA ...

Страница 51: ... 1 5dB 31 dBm average Signal monitoring alarm close PD 45 dBm average Signal monitoring alarm hysteresis PA PD 1 5 dB Signal monitoring alarm start time 0 1 0 2 100 µs Signal monitoring alarm close time 1 0 0 5 350 µs 2 The parameters of the 100M Ethernet single mode optical interface are shown in Table 3 1 5 and Table 3 1 6 Table 3 1 5 Parameters of 100M Ethernet Single Mode Optical Interface Tra...

Страница 52: ...y power current Icc 75 100 mA Power consumption PDISS 0 26 0 35 W Receiver sensitivity at the center of an eye pattern PIN Min C 31 8 dBm average Receiver sensitivity on the edge of an eye pattern PIN Min W 31 dBm average Maximum input optical power PIN Max 8 dBm average Working wavelength λ 1261 1360 nm Data output voltage low Vol Vcc 1 84 1 62 v Data output voltage high VoH Vcc 1 04 0 88 v Signa...

Страница 53: ...nical index 1 Optical characteristics of transmitter Ambient temperature 0 C to 70 C See Table 3 1 7 Table 3 1 7 Parameters of the 1000M Multimode Optical Transmitter Parameter Symbol Min Value Typical Value Max Value Unit Note Output optical power 50 125 µm NA 0 20 optical fiber POUT 9 5 4 dBm Average Note 1 Output optical power 62 5 125 µm NA 0 20 optical fiber POUT 9 5 4 dBm Average Note 1 Exti...

Страница 54: ...ed Note 2 Extinction ratio is the ratio of average output optical powers when the transmitter outputs 0 and inputs 1 Note 3 20 80 without any filtering Note 4 The pulse effect characteristics of a laser may be provided in an eye pattern Output waveform conforms to the requirements for eye pattern templates in 38 6 5 in IEEE 802 3 z Note 5 CPR implements measurement according to IEEE 802 3 z 38 6 1...

Страница 55: ... 3 1 10 Parameters of 1000M Single Mode Optical Receiver Parameter Symbol Min Value Typical Value Max Value Unit Note Input optical power PIN 20 3 dBm average Note 6 Sensitivity of strain type receiver 14 4 dBm average Openness of adaptive receiver eye patter at TP4 201 ps Note 5 Central working wavelength 1270 1355 nm Receiver 3dB bandwidth 1500 MHz Note 7 Return loss 12 dB Note 8 Note 1 The maxi...

Страница 56: ...oard slots 16 and 17 of a frame One or two SCBFs can be used If two SCBFs are used redundant backup can be implemented 3 The front panel provides the 10 100Base T Ethernet interface with the connector mode of RJ45 interface and is used for outband NM and version upgrade 4 The front panel provides the CONSOLE serial port used for the HyperTerminal management In the rear part a backplane provides an...

Страница 57: ... 7 M downlink 6 M to 16 7 M by grades 5 Transmission delay of IP packet 10 ms normal traffic 6 Maximum frame delay 10 ms minimum frame delay 1 ms 7 IP packet loss rate 10 7 8 IP packet error rate 10 6 9 Power consumption of VTIEF Around 40 W 3 2 3 ATIGN An ATIGN provides 32 ADSL subscriber interfaces with the maximum transmission distance of 5 km The rate can be modified by selecting different QAM...

Страница 58: ...n of ADSL subscriber interface boards therefore VSET in current versions only detaches voice signals from VDSL signals 2 The height of PSUN VSEN and that of PSUT VSET are both 7U 3 The ATIGN works in conjunction with the PSUN PSUT to support ADSL Over POTS structure 4 The VTIEF works in combination with VSEN VSET to support the VDSL Over POTS structure 5 PSUN VSEN is a passive splitter board PSUT ...

Страница 59: ...els of 100M optical interfaces Various ports of an EICM may be used as uplink interfaces 1 Height of EICM 9U 2 Distributed L2 switching engine at a line speed 3 Transmission delay of IP packet 10 ms normal traffic 4 IP packet loss rate 10 7 5 IP packet error rate 10 6 6 Power consumption of EICM base plate Around 18 W 3 2 6 FEC The FEC provides four channels of 10 100M self adaptive Ethernet elect...

Страница 60: ...nsmission delay of IP packet 10 ms normal traffic Maximum frame delay 10ms minimum frame delay 1 ms 3 IP packet loss rate 10 7 4 IP packet error rate 10 6 5 Power consumption of FNC Around 8 W 3 2 8 EICG An EICG board provides three Gigabit Ethernet optical interfaces in compliance with IEEE 802 3z Standards By default each EICG uses one Gigabit optical interface to serve as an uplink port of the ...

Страница 61: ...ester to obtain test results and feed them back to the SCBF Power consumption of LTC Around 5 W 3 2 10 Embedded BAS RPCK An RPCK implements embedded PPPoE authentication termination functions and Layer 3 network protocol and provides Layer 3 uplink interfaces 1 Height of RPCK 9U 2 Provides one FTP interface used for NM and version upgrade of the RPCK Interface mode RJ45 3 Provides one RS232 serial...

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Страница 63: ...of two active standby SCBFs 15 line interface boards Ethernet uplink boards 1000M Ethernet optical interface boards or embedded BASs Ethernet uplink boards 1000M Ethernet optical interface boards and embedded BASs can be plugged together with line interface board slots Besides the system adopts distributed power supply mode The overall hardware architecture of the ZXDSL 9210 system is shown in Fig...

Страница 64: ...em Different line interface boards are responsible for different users access VTIEF is connected with 24 channels of VDSL users ATIGN is connected with 32 channels of ADSL users FEC is connected with eight channels of Ethernet users FNC is connected with eight channels of Ethernet users EICG provides three channels of Ethernet users accessed by means of fibers Such design contributes to correspond...

Страница 65: ...h 800 or a DSL cabinet Depth 600 Dimensions of the DSL cabinet 800 deep 2 000 mm 600 mm 800 mm H W D It weighs 200 kg The size of the cabinet is shown in Fig 4 1 2 Dimensions of the DSL cabinet 600 deep 2 000 mm 600 mm 600 mm H W D It weighs 150 kg The size of the cabinet is shown in Fig 4 1 3 Fig 4 1 2 Size of the DSL Cabinet Depth 800 ...

Страница 66: ...ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Technical Manual 4 4 Fig 4 1 3 Size of the DSL Cabinet Depth 600 ...

Страница 67: ...rally shown in Fig 4 1 4 ETH CONSOLE 7 8 up link 5 4 8 6 7 6 5 3 2 1 7 8 8 7 5 6 5 6 1 3 4 2 up link CONSOLE ETH 2 1 3 5 4 7 6 8 10 9 11 12 14 13 15 17 16 Fig 4 1 4 ZXDSL 9210 Frame 4 1 3 Single frame Configuration The structure of a single frame of ZXDSL 9210 with full configuration is shown in Fig 4 1 5 ...

Страница 68: ...e frame full configuration of the ZXDSL 9210 equipment is composed of two SCBFs one active and the other standby 14 line interface boards and one uplink board If the subboard on the SCBF is adopted for uplink connection 15 line interface boards at most may be inserted At the location of a splitter board at the upper part of the active SCBF LTC can be inserted to control M 1 protection part of vari...

Страница 69: ... link ETH CONSOLE 2 1 5 4 3 8 7 6 11 10 12 9 15 14 13 17 16 ETH CONSOLE 7 8 up link 5 4 8 6 7 6 5 3 2 1 7 8 8 7 5 6 5 6 1 3 4 2 up link ETH CONSOLE 2 1 5 4 3 8 7 6 11 10 12 9 15 14 13 17 16 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 1 Power distributor 2 ZXDSL 9210 frame 3 Fan plug in box 4 Wiring plug in box 5 Line tester 6 Monitoring plug in box Fig 4 1 6 Configuration of the Integrated Equipment DSL cabinet Depth 800 ...

Страница 70: ...e LTC delivers a line capturing command to the splitter board capable of line capturing At the same time it completes interactions with the line tester to obtain test results and feed them back to the SCBF 5 The EPM monitoring plug in box is located near the cabinet bottom and used for monitoring environment and power supply factors of the communication equipment It provides a range of test functi...

Страница 71: ...CBF via the G Link bus and subboard control signals to complete uplink functions The subboard is equivalent to a line interface board which provides the subboard type and board in position signals to guarantee the structural consistency with respect to software According to different uplink subboards configured on the SCBF the SCBF is categorized as the SCBFA without any uplink subboard SCBFB with...

Страница 72: ...silkprinted as CONSOLE Provides an EPM interface with DB9 connector via the backplane so as to implement communication with the EPM SCBFB provides four 10 100M Ethernet electrical interfaces and four 100M single mode optical interfaces in compliance with IEEE 802 3u via FEC subcard The SCBFC provides 4 channel 10 100M Ethernet electrical interfaces and 4 channel 100M Ethernet optical interfaces in...

Страница 73: ...r G Link bus HDLC channel Backplane Ethernet processor Fig 4 2 2 Operating Principles of VTIEF VTIEF consists of the CPU module HDLC controller Ethernet processor and VDSL module Each module provides the following functions 1 The CPU module controls boards and is responsible for the communication with SCBF 2 The HDLC module is used to manage HDLC channels 3 The Ethernet processor is responsible fo...

Страница 74: ...ion in RFC2684 3 An HDLC communication channel is used between ATIGN and the SCBF 4 Implements L2 Ethernet switching function between subscribers and core switching interfaces as well as mutual L2 isolation among subscribers 5 Implements the management over some Ethernet switching protocols on local line interface boards 6 Implements the upgrading of software version by means of an outband communi...

Страница 75: ...sor ATM IP switching module and ATSL module Each module provides the following functions 1 The CPU module completes the control over boards and the communication with SCBF 2 The HDLC module is used to manage HDLC channels 3 The Ethernet processor implements switching between ports within boards and provides the G Link bus responsible for switching and convergence between ATIGN and other boards in ...

Страница 76: ...ing Principles of VDSL Splitter Board The VSEN is actually a low pass filter group Signals on a subscriber line mixture of digitals and voice will pass through the over current and over voltage protection devices Then low pass filtration will be performed via a 2 level transformer and other peripheral auxiliary devices where high frequency and interference signals are eliminated Data signals and v...

Страница 77: ...performance and reliability of the ADSL line If the line test protection is implemented in the system the splitter board provides not only signal separation function but a group of handover to protective buses used to provide M 1 protection Besides it provides a test bus to test external lines In this case the splitter board used is PSUT 4 2 5 2 Operating Principles of ADSL Splitter Board The PSUN...

Страница 78: ...nding to even channels of subscriber lines are converged all test and protective buses are converged to the LTC which implements protective switchover and tests The operating principles of PSUT are shown in Fig 4 2 7 2 pairs of test buses PSTN ATIGN Over current and over voltage protection components Subscriber line PSUN board Splitter Relay Relay 2 pairs of protection buses Fig 4 2 7 Operating Pr...

Страница 79: ...nd 4 channel 100M Ethernet optical interfaces in compliance with the IEEE 802 3u Standards via the FNC subcard 4 2 6 2 Operating Principles of EICM EICM implements Ethernet user access and provides uplink ports This function is implemented by Layer 2 Ethernet uplink subboard FEC or enhanced Ethernet subboard FNC These two kinds of subcards have almost the same operating principles as shown in Fig ...

Страница 80: ...ur 10 100M Ethernet electrical interfaces and four 100M single mode optical interfaces in compliance with IEEE 802 3u via FEC subcard EICM provides four 10 100M Ethernet electrical interfaces and four 100M single mode optical interfaces in compliance with IEEE 802 3u via FNC subcard 4 2 7 EICG 4 2 7 1 Functions of EICG EICG provides three channels of 1000M Ethernet optical interfaces in compliance...

Страница 81: ...ious modules implement the following functions 1 The CPU module completes the control over boards and the communication with SCBF 2 The HDLC module is used to manage HDLC channels 3 The Ethernet processor implements switching between ports within boards and provides the G Link bus responsible for switching and convergence between SCBF and other boards in the system 4 The 1000M Ethernet module prov...

Страница 82: ...tection boards to implement the line protection 4 The LTC provides 3 3 V power supply for each test splitter board in a centralized way 4 2 8 2 Operating Principles of LTC The operating principles of the LTC board are shown in Fig 4 2 10 LTC board Logic control circuit Test bus odd Test bus even Test line interface Control command interface connected with the SCBF Control interface of splitter boa...

Страница 83: ... provides four 10M 100M Ethernet electrical interfaces and four 100M Ethernet single mode optical interfaces which are used for data access on the subscriber side and network side RPCKG which provides a 1000M Ethernet optical interface used for uplink on the network side 4 2 9 2 Operating Principles of RPCK The operating principles of the RPCK are shown in Fig 4 2 11 Backplane CPU HDLC controller ...

Страница 84: ...MDSLA provides mechanical support installation locating and electrical connection for the SCBF and various line interface boards in the system MDSLA adopts multiplayer printed boards To improve the flexibility and convenience in the system configuration the backplane is designed to provide unified backplane bus interfaces for line interface boards Thus mixed insertion of all line interface boards ...

Страница 85: ...Chapter Erro Estilo não definido Erro Estilo não definido 4 23 and line interface boards board selection signals protection bus and test bus between splitter boards and LTC ...

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Страница 87: ...ontrol via the HDLC channel Here is the description of these two kinds of software The software of the ZXDSL 9210 equipment implements the following functions 1 Various network management modes based on CLI TELNET and SNMP 2 L2 protocol functions such as STP and VLAN 3 L3 protocol functions such as static route DHCP Server ACL and Proxy ARP 4 Traffic statistics authentication and accounting for us...

Страница 88: ...L3 4 protocol subsystem database subsystem subscriber management subsystem system control subsystem service control subsystem bearer subsystem operation support subsystem and BSP subsystem Various subsystems implement the following functions 1 Network management subsystem The network management subsystem includes the CLI module SNMP proxy module SUB AGENT module and SNMP PROXY module Among them th...

Страница 89: ...de Maintenance and management interfaces of MAC entity VLAN object and RMON MIB 5 Subscriber management subsystem The subscriber management subsystem is composed of 802 1x module and RADIUS CLIENT module It authenticates and authorizes subscribers and provides IEEE 802 1x authentication and RADIUS Client functions 6 System control subsystem The system control subsystem consists of the system confi...

Страница 90: ...drive module and inter board network interface drive module The subsystem drives the non service devices on the hardware boards 5 4 ZXDSL 9210 System Software Subsystem 5 4 1 Network Management Subsystem The NM subsystem consists of the CLI module SNMP agent module SUB AGENT module and SNMP PROXY module They are described as follows 1 CLI module The CLI module implements Console and Telnet NM func...

Страница 91: ... Standards In initial status the authentication function of the system and that of each physical port are both disabled When the authentication functions of the system and ports are enabled service functions of ports connected with end subscribers are disabled and only EAPOL data are allowed to pass the switch port Users log on to the switch via Client software and the switch sends the ID and pass...

Страница 92: ...e system The system control subsystem is also responsible for coordinating the operation of the whole system The system control subsystem consists of the configuration module control module fault management module version management module and embedded BAS RPCK interface module They are described as follows 1 Configuration module Both the SCBF and line interface board have system configuration mod...

Страница 93: ... to the line interface board which sends this request 2 Configuration module on the line interface board The configuration module on the line interface board requests the configuration module on the SCBF to send configuration information when the line interface board is started The configuration module on the line interface board forwards the configuration information received from the SCBF to rel...

Страница 94: ...data of the active standby SCBFs Follow the principles of realtime synchronization and regular repair The advantage of realtime synchronization is that data can be synchronized to the standby board as soon as possible but a synchronization failure may lead to data loss To prevent any data loss complex processing of synchronization failure is quite necessary Regular repair means that the message of...

Страница 95: ...d VDSL port 2 Record fault records in the LOG file in NVM 3 Upload LOG files to a specified HOST machine 4 Version management module This module is responsible for online update of SCBF and line interface board programs This module is implemented based on FTP Operating principles of version download of the SCBF The NVM on the SCBF saves 2 application program versions one active and the other stand...

Страница 96: ...rds the NM information to users NM interfaces to enable users to perform NM operations of RPCK in the NM of the main set 5 4 4 Database Subsystem The database subsystem is composed of database modules only The database modules here are not in a common sense Various object data in the whole system are distributed in respective modules which maintain corresponding data The system provides a unified ...

Страница 97: ... of the STP a bridge LAN with random topology automatically configures each port with its forwarding status to make there only be a data route between any two terminals When some pieces of equipment or ports over network become faulty or encounter broken links the bridge LAN automatically reconfigures network ports and forms new spanning trees to ensure the communication between any two terminals ...

Страница 98: ...e the IGMP snooping function IGMP defines a process which enables an IP terminal system to notify the router switch in its LAN and add exit from a certain IP multicast group A switch sends an IGMP query regularly to access whether there is any workstation expecting to add or stay a multicast group The active equipment which expects to join in a group or update the ID of its members makes a respons...

Страница 99: ...illegal users data intrusion Currently ADSL ports alone support IP address binding 3 MIRROR Implements port detection sniffer function By means of the detecting port sniffer target users may obtain the receiving transmitting data stream of any port sniffer source to implement effective detection or control ZXDSL 9210 implements port mirror between uplink interfaces 4 Broadcast suppression This fun...

Страница 100: ...and ADSL link status z Manage the working mode of MODEM z Manage the working mode of ports 9 Control the address ageing time of a switching chip Support the modification of the address ageing time of a switching chip 2 Test module The test module runs on the SCBF and implements the following functions 1 User port loopback test User port loopback tests are an effective means of line tests Data stre...

Страница 101: ...upper level software system from the realtime operating system at the bottom layer 5 4 10 BSP Subsystem The BSP subsystem drives the non service devices on the hardware boards It consists of the BSP module and HDLC drive module They are described as follows 1 BSP module The BSP module provides the most elementary drive for the hardware systems of the SCBF and line interface board 2 HDLC communicat...

Страница 102: ...into 7 subsystems Service subsystem bearer subsystem operation maintenance subsystem system control subsystem service control subsystem database subsystem and operating support platform 1 Service subsystem Provides a protocol running platform for the system establishes maintains and releases subscriber side and network side service session connections performs security control on the accessed sess...

Страница 103: ...he service master control module enables balancing of system resources in various service submodules in the system and reasonable scheduling of various submodules so that the system provides reliable and high quality service for the users The subsystem also implements IP Host user management function and ACL function 6 Database subsystem Used for management of various dynamic and static resources ...

Страница 104: ...uests It dynamically allocates IP addresses to users by means of the embedded DHCP Server or external DHCP Server 4 DHCP Server submodule Controls the access of DHCP users This submodule is connected with the IP access service control module and the database module The functions implemented by this submodule include the DHCP protocol processing submodule responsible for protocol processing parts o...

Страница 105: ...e Adopts the RouterWare protocol stack to implement remote version load 13 Unicast routing module The unicast routing table maintenance module is responsible for addition deletion and finding of routing tables The unicast dynamic routing protocol module generates unicast routing tables The route forwarding table maintenance module implements hardware forwarding routes 14 VBAS module By modifying a...

Страница 106: ... In the architecture of ZXDSL 9210 the bearer master control module is on the embedded BAS Connection related modules are on the SCBF and are implemented in the form of microcodes The bearer subsystem is responsible for the following functions 1 Judgment of the encapsulation and type of input packets 2 Encapsulation of output packet according to the NNI interface type 3 Routing for packets and for...

Страница 107: ... control CPU 3 Statistics engine submodule The statistics engine submodule performs traffic flow statistics on the data going through various ports of line interface boards and starts stops the statistics or the reports clears the statistical data according to the instructions from the master control CPU 4 Connection control submodule Maintains the control message channels between connection contr...

Страница 108: ...ommands Shell operation commands mean that users change the state of the shell such as WIDTH and SPEED by changing the environment variables of a terminal Configuration commands are mainly used to set various configuration information of the router such as port address configuration and route configuration Management commands are commands that need to access MIB variables The system adopts the SNM...

Страница 109: ... of hardware 2 Software initialization 3 Software abnormality handling 4 Hardware fault monitoring handling isolation and reporting 5 Man machine interface 6 Provides remote version load The structure of the control subsystem is shown in Fig 5 6 2 System configuration Fault management Reliability Man machine interface Hardware platform Software module Fault report Fault report Fault report System ...

Страница 110: ...lication database The application database part is responsible for the organization storage management and maintenance of various data in the system and provides a unified data access interface for other software modules This part can be subdivided into the following functional modules 1 Hardware configuration module Including board port configuration and attribute description 2 Resource configura...

Страница 111: ...re are mainly data related to system configuration including port configuration data and resource configuration data such as IP address and system bandwidth The database subsystem and the operation maintenance subsystem are closely related Almost all static data and some dynamic data should be created viewed modified and deleted via the NM interface The database needs to provide the NMS with data ...

Страница 112: ...vides the operating system environment required for the operation of other subsystems 5 7 Introduction to Basic BAS Concepts When a piece of equipment is equipped with an embedded BAS the BAS functions can be implemented in ZXDSL 9210 In specific applications of BAS service user may always come across the following concepts Multiple contexts Interfaces Subscribers ports and circuits and Bindings a...

Страница 113: ...figured by the users normally refer to ISPs based on their own specific service requirements like QoS management and routing mode configuration This part of configuration information is only effective to a specific user and constitutes the image of a user called user context A local context is managed by the system control submodule and a user context is by the service control submodule The associ...

Страница 114: ...aces from physical ports and circuits In order to activate upper layer protocols an interface must be bound to a physical port or circuit 5 7 3 Subscribers Subscribers refers to the end users of high speed access service and subscriber records are also configured as part of a context These records can be located either in an embedded BAS or on the RADIUS server A subscriber loop record contains ne...

Страница 115: ...ta can flow over context like flowing over an IP router Binding a circuit directly to an interface is so called static binding In this case the circuit is connected by means of hardware to an upper layer protocol defined in the interface This is the simplest mode of binding This binding mode is very similar to that of traditional network devices like a router By means of static binding any circuit...

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Страница 117: ...boards and Ethernet uplink boards of the SCBF and Ethernet electrical optical interfaces of 1000M Ethernet optical interface board in the system are used as uplink interfaces When any embedded BAS is installed the Ethernet electrical interface optical interfaces on the BAS is used as uplink interfaces IP networking applications are directly accessed via an Ethernet interface to an IP network inste...

Страница 118: ...Networking of Ethernet Interface Adopting embedded BAS S C B F Modem PC Public network BAS User board Uplink board Fig 6 1 2 Schematic Diagram of Uplink Networking of Ethernet Interface Adopting distributed BAS equipment 6 1 1 2 Brief Introduction to Ethernet Interface Signaling Physical Layer 1 Supports RFC1483 bridging protocol 2 Supports 802 1q VLAN protocol ...

Страница 119: ...tical interfaces 1 10 100M Ethernet interface The 10Mbit s Ethernet interface should comply with IEEE802 3 the physical layer interface adopts the Manchester code and uses 0 85V and 0 85V to represent 1 and 0 The cable can adopt 10Base T The 100Mbit s Ethernet interface should comply with IEEE802 3u It supports 2 types of transmission media in the 100Base X technologies 100Base TX and 100Base FX w...

Страница 120: ...mmands can be run only in a certain mode and some other commands can be run in multiple modes When a CLI session has just begun the system is always in the operator exec nonprivileged exec mode of the SCBF This mode allows users to use a subset of the CLI command to check system status In this mode users may modify some statuses of the system chiefly the configuration of Layer 2 protocol use the c...

Страница 121: ...his mode With the use of the Tab key the system will automatically complement the command name Press the Tab key after a part of a command name and the system will present all the possible commands in full spelling forms In all modes the system receives the incomplete format of a command that is the first several letters of a command can be input to represent the command but the characters input s...

Страница 122: ...wo different modes of bearing connectionless network interconnection service Protocol Data Unit of routes and bridging over network 1 Allows the multiplexing of multiple protocols over an ATM virtual circuit In this case IEEE 802 2 Logic Link Control LLC headers should be added before traditional PDU to identify the protocol of PDU transmitted This method is called LLC encapsulation 2 An upper lay...

Страница 123: ...he protocol model implements LLC SNAP encapsulation of network layer packets IP LLC SNAP AAL5 SAR ATM PHY Fig 6 2 1 Protocol Stack of RFC1483 Bridged RFC1483 indicates the protocol type applied at an upper layer therefore it is applicable to multi protocol transmission at a network layer It simulates Ethernet bridging In terms of its form the access mode of RFC1483 Bridged is equivalent to directl...

Страница 124: ...completion of switching if negotiations succeed PPP enters the Authenticate stage otherwise it returns to the Dead stage Only LCP packets are processed at this stage 3 Authenticate stage After successful LCP negotiation link establishment PPP enters the Authenticate stage At this stage the opposite end can be authenticated by switching the authentication information Of course authentication can be...

Страница 125: ...2 Running Process of PPP Running process of PPP 1 Before establishing a link PPP implements LCP negotiation whose content includes the maximum transmission unit whether authentication is needed and authentication protocols needed PAP or CHAP For the installation of an embedded BAS authentication of user identity is always necessary 2 PPP enters the Establish stage after LCP negotiation At this tim...

Страница 126: ...PPP Authentication Mode The PPP authentication mode is as follows 1 PAP refers to twice handshake authentication and the password is in plain text The PAP authentication is as follows 1 The authenticated party sends the user name and password to the authenticating party 2 The authenticating party checks the validity of this user name and password according to user configuration and returns differe...

Страница 127: ...eld Including packets of the protocol designated in the protocol field 3 Filler field Some filling information without any real meanings used to supplement the packet length when the content length of the protocol field or information field fails to reach the standard packet size 6 2 4 PPPoE Protocol 6 2 4 1 Overview The PPPOE protocol enables multiple hosts on a shared Ethernet to implement multi...

Страница 128: ...ogy a host may discover multiple access servers The discovery stage enables the host to discover all the access servers and select one of them After successful completion of the discovery stage both the host and the selected access server have their information to establish PPP connections over Ethernet Till the establishment of a PPP session the discovery stage remains in state free state Once a ...

Страница 129: ...d its PADI and double the waiting time This process will be repeated a specified number of times Likewise similar timeout mechanism for the host to send PADR is also provided After retry the specified number of times the host should resend PADI In addition PPPoE has a PADT packet which can be sent at any time after the session establishment to terminate the PPPoE session It can be sent by a host o...

Страница 130: ... switch and carries out flexible partitioning of logic subnetwork A traditional LAN however restricts a site within a physical network where this site is located VLAN goes beyond physical limit Thus a person in an organization when transferred from a group to another he does not have to move his seat or computer here and there It is only necessary to include him in another VLAN Similar to organize...

Страница 131: ... address This kind of VLAN is based on users MAC address and uses the home MAC address of a terminal system to define VLAN A switch traces any MAC address which belongs to a VLAN The MAC address is fixed in a workstation network card therefore a workstation is able to maintain the original VLAN membership instead of needing any reconfiguration when moving to other physical network segments within ...

Страница 132: ...ith its format shown in Fig 6 2 7 including 2 byte Tag Protocol Identifier TPID and 2 byte Tag Protocol Control Information TCI TPID indicates that it is followed by a tag header and TCI includes user priority CFI and VLAN ID A user priority is represented with three bits and includes eight kinds 0 lowest 7 highest CFI bit indicates whether the MAC address of the MAC data domain is a normal format...

Страница 133: ...rding status to make there only be a data route between any two terminals When some pieces of equipment or ports over network become faulty or encounter broken links the bridge LAN automatically reconfigures network ports and forms new spanning trees to ensure the communication between any two terminals Main content of STP algorithm Configure dynamic topological structure release topology informat...

Страница 134: ...nctions are performed on an access server there is a local AAA Server subsystem on an embedded BAS of ZXDSL 9210 This BAS is used for local authentication and audit of system administrator level users authorized for system management as well as for saving any AAA information locally in case of communication interruption of the remote RADIUS Server 6 2 7 2 6RADIUS Authentication Flow Fig 6 2 8 show...

Страница 135: ...t to the RADIUS Client embedded BAS which contains some information required for user access such as the user s IP address and the protocol used Then the embedded BAS permits the user to access Internet 6 Upon receiving the authentication success response the embedded BAS sends an acknowledgment to the remote user by means of PAP or CHAP 7 If authentication fails RADIUS server 1 will send an acces...

Страница 136: ...point shared access applications the port may be a logic port These 2 kinds of ports are distinguished from each other by means of the MAC address of the equipment used The 802 1X port based access control protocol message is the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP it is encapsulated on Ethernet 6 2 8 2 Role of 802 1X Protocol 1 Authenticator An entity located on one end of the point to point L...

Страница 137: ...thentication server These three roles are mandatory in authentication switching A specified system may be one or more roles among the 3 For example the authenticator and the authentication server may be located in the same system a port can be the supplicant in some authentication switching but the authenticator in other authentication switching The Port Access Entity PAE controls the algorithms a...

Страница 138: ...ng the authorization status of the controlled port the authenticator PAE can request for the supplicant re authentication at any time During the re authentication the controlled port keeps the authorization status it is converted to the unauthorized status only when re authentication fails When the supplicant needs to terminate the services provided by the authenticator controlled port the supplic...

Страница 139: ...ient terminal is unknown the authentication system will send an EAP Request Identity message requesting the Client terminal to send its identity Thus begins the typical authentication The Client terminal sends a Response packet to reply each Request The authentication system will send the user ID and password information to the Radius Server Upon receiving the user ID and password the Radius Serve...

Страница 140: ...rnet Type 88 8E 2 bytes Protocol Version 0x01 1 byte Packet Type 1 byte Packet Body Length 2 bytes Packet Body Fig 6 2 10 EAPOL Frame Format of 802 1 Ethernet Definitions of packet types 0000 0000 EAP Packet 0000 0001 EAPOL Start frame 0000 0010 EAPOL Logoff frame 0000 0011 EAPOL Key frame 0000 0100 EAPOL Encapsulated ASF Alert frame All possible values in this domain are not used but reserved for...

Страница 141: ... receiver and lower layer network between them must support multicast This covers the following 1 The TCP IP implementation of the host supports the sending and receiving of IP multicast 2 The host network interface supports multicast 3 A set of group management protocols are available for addition leave and query that is the IGMP v1 v2 must be provided 4 A set of IP address allocation strategies ...

Страница 142: ... distinguishing between a network ID and host ID The hosts responding a certain IP multicast address form a host group which may go beyond multiple networks The members of the host group can be dynamic a host can join or leave a host group via the IGMP As the significant 5 bits of an IP multicast address are not mapped the mapped Ethernet address is not unique There are 32 IP multicast addresses m...

Страница 143: ...lticast routing protocol To forward multicast packets in an actual network the operable multicast routing protocols must be run on each interconnected equipment Multicast routing protocols are of three types Dense mode protocols such as DVMRP and PIM DM sparse mode protocols such as PIM SM and CBT and link status protocols MOSPF The following introduces the operating principles of each protocol 1 ...

Страница 144: ...ncy PIM defines 2 modes Dense Mode and Sparse Mode 2 Regarding the sparse protocol mode the core based trees multicast routing protocol is adopted as an example The Core Based Trees CBT multicast routing protocol is to reduce the router multicast status in the network so as to provide multicast scalability To this end the CBT is designed as the sparse mode similar to PIM SM The CBT adopts a bi dir...

Страница 145: ...mplemented by the AAA client on an embedded BAS 6 2 10 2 Workflow of VBAS Protocol Workflow of the VBAS protocol Take the PPPoE access mode for example Other access authentication modes such as 802 1X and DHCP Web have similar flows 1 A user host broadcasts a session initiation packet requesting for link establishment expecting a response from BAS IP DSLAM may automatically learn this user s MAC a...

Страница 146: ... Ethernet access switch the user host s MAC address comes from IPDSLAM 7 After IPDSLAM has received this VBAS request packet it sends a VBAS response packet to AS and returns the correspondence between the user host s MAC addresses and physical ports of IPDSLAM 8 BAS sends an authentication request packet including the user account password and physical port of IPDSLAM where the user is located to...

Страница 147: ...t broadcast packet 2 Service provision data packet 3 Session request data packet 4 Session request confirmation data packet 5 Authentication data packet Discovery stage Session stage 6 Query port information data packet 8 Access request packet 7 Return port information data packet 9 Acceptance access packet 10 Authentication success packet Fig 6 2 12 PPP Authentication when VBAS Process is Added ...

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Страница 149: ...rvice Functions 7 2 1 1 High speed Internet Access Over existing Internet WWW has played a dominating role After the DSL access service is used the DSL data access itself does not occupy any resources of a conventional narrowband switch so users can save local call charge In addition the transmission rate of DSL access is absolutely unmatchable for dial up Internet access and ISDN Internet access ...

Страница 150: ...g ZXDSL 9210 can also implement the 802 1q VLAN function and can isolate different subscribers completely to guarantee security of subscriber access 7 2 1 2 Video on Demand VOD ZXDSL 9210 provides VDSL users with a bi directional rate of up to 10 Mbps and ADSL with a downlink rate of up to eight Mbit s to ensure bandwidth required for VOD In addition the services such as Movie TV on demand tourist...

Страница 151: ...rters and the branches of an enterprise and solves the problem of LAN interconnection In addition ZXDSL 9210 is also applicable to home office services and LAN interconnection between the branches and the headquarters of an enterprise The ZXDSL system together with a distributed BAS equipment for example ZXDSL 9210 by ZTE implements the VPN function and establishes the connection between organizat...

Страница 152: ...te monitoring detection there are less control signals for the remote camera and some remote devices Besides these signals contain few data while the data volume collected at remote images and remote monitoring points are much greater So this is a typical asymmetric service which can be easily implemented by means of the ADSL technology of ZXDSL 9210 Furthermore the ADSL technology guarantee realt...

Страница 153: ... network status 3 Fault locating tests Fault locating tests mean that the equipment buyer s working staff locate user port faults in a remote equipment room when users are lodging complaints This is the key in online tests Faults include those resulting from MODEM and 9210 together with line faults such as bridging and line damage 2 M 1 protection M 1 protection allows users to switch their faulty...

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Страница 155: ...in the ADSL subscriber interface board For VDSL user access it is Ethernet frames that are transmitted between subscriber premises equipment and the VDSL subscriber interface board For Ethernet user access it is IP packets that are transmitted between subscriber premises equipment and an Ethernet access board 8 1 1 Uplink Router When ZXDSL 9210 is equipped with an embedded BAS the embedded BAS imp...

Страница 156: ... 8 1 2 shows the interconnection between ZXDSL 9210 and a router when Ethernet users are accessed Router ZXDSL 9210 AAA server PC PC PC Network cable Network service provider IP backbone network Fig 8 1 2 Schematic Diagram of Uplink Router Networking Ethernet user access When the user is accessed in PPPoE mode the user s PC needs to be equipped with the PPPoE dial up software PPP calls are termina...

Страница 157: ...r IP backbone network PSTN switch Twisted pair Subscribe premises equipment Fig 8 1 3 Networking Diagram of Uplink BAS Equipment Fig 8 1 4 shows the connection ZXDSL 9210 and BAS when Ethernet users are accessed Broadband access server 9210 PC PC PC Network service provider IP backbone network Network cable Fig 8 1 4 Networking Diagram of Uplink BAS Equipment Ethernet user access When the user is ...

Страница 158: ... networking is taken for example As shown in Fig 8 1 5 the equipment is connected uplink with a BAS ZTE UAS2500 or UAS5000 can be used Router Splitter 9210 Splitter 9210 Splitter Phone PC Splitter Phone PC 9210 MODEM MODEM 9210 Network service provider Twisted pair Twisted pair PSTN switch PSTN switch Subscribe premises equipment ZXDSL ZXDSL Support VLAN Layer 2 equipment Fig 8 1 5 Networking Diag...

Страница 159: ...DSL 9210 devices for the sake of user access in a large scale cell The chain networking is shown in Fig 8 1 6 Splitter Z XDSL 9210 Splitter ZXDSL 9210 Splitter Phone PC Splitter Phone PC PSTN switch PSTN switch 9210 MODEM MODEM 9210 Router Network service provider Twisted pair Twisted pair Subscribe premises equipment Fig 8 1 6 Schematic Diagram of Chain Networking with Multiple ZXDSL 9210 Devices...

Страница 160: ...e ZXDSL 9210 devices for the sake of user access in a large scale cell The chain networking is shown in Fig 8 1 7 Splitter ZXDSL 9210 Splitter Phone PC PSTN switch 9210 MODEM Router Splitter Z XDSL 9210 Splitter Phone PC PSTN switch MODEM 9210 9210 PC PC Network service provider Twisted pair Twisted pair Subscribe premises equipment Network cable Fig 8 1 7 Star Networking with Multiple ZXDSL 9210 ...

Страница 161: ...ether three ports each of which provides a maximum bandwidth of 1000M 6 An embedded BAS provides eight Ethernet optical electrical interfaces or one GE interface These eight Ethernet optical electrical interfaces each provide the bandwidth of 100M while one GE interface provides the bandwidth of 1000M When the system is applied to a residential area or a commercial community the following access m...

Страница 162: ...r of ports The FEC can be replaced with an FNC or an EICG according to the actual situations In addition a subscriber interface board may be changed into an embedded BAS to provide user AAA 3 Hybrid access In complicated applications 15 different kinds of subscriber interface boards can be combined according to the actual situations including ATIGN VTIEF and various types of subscriber interface b...

Страница 163: ...mbedded BAS provides the functions of user authentication authorization The embedded BAS implements uplink Therefore this example provides one SCBF one VDSL subscriber interface board one ADSL subscriber interface board corresponding ADSL VDSL splitter board one LTC one Layer 2 Ethernet uplink subboard one embedded BAS one backplane 24 VDSL subscriber premises devices 32 ADSL subscriber premises a...

Страница 164: ...rnet users an embedded BAS provides uplink interfaces connected with an uplink network side device the Customers Premises Equipment CPE provides 10 100M self adaptive network interfaces connected with subscriber s PCs 8 3 3 Application Features 1 Small investment on network The ZXDSL 9210 system may use existing SPC telephone subscriber lines as the transmission lines The copper twisted pair is ve...

Страница 165: ...service backbone node It supports rich broadband services and provides clients with effective smooth and open transition channels for a transition to future world of broadband transmission in an easy cost effective and fast manner and beyond constraints of the existing technology 5 Data service The system supports diversified data services including high speed Internet access VOD tel education tel...

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Страница 167: ...smission bearer capabilities necessary for telecom services AN may be configured and managed via the Q3 management interface Located between a service node and user terminal AN may be considered as a transport network unrelated to service or application It is responsible for cross connect multiplexing and transmission and is transparent to user signaling without any processing A 3 Asynchronous Tra...

Страница 168: ...on IDFT and are transformed into time domain In this case bit blocks will be transformed into 256 QAM subcharacters Then a cyclic prefix used to remove any intersymbol interference is added to each bit block After Digital Analog DA conversion and transmission filter signals are sent to channels At the receiving end receiving decoding is implemented reversely A 8 Digital Subscriber Line Access Mult...

Страница 169: ...nt protocol for example SNMP A 12 Network Network Interface NNI ITU T standard interface between nodes within the same network The ATM association stipulates 2 kinds of standards One used for private network and called PNNI while the other used for public network and called a public NNI A 13 Power Spectral Density PSD An electrical parameter which describes power distribution of signals within a c...

Страница 170: ...D Also called the interactive television on demand system VOD plays video programs as required by users This changes the situation in which the user watched television programs passively VOD applications are the most striking vehicle on the broadband multimedia network expressway VOD can also be applied in the cell LANs or broadband networks of cable TV The VOD system consists of three parts Serve...

Страница 171: ...ransceiver B 2 ATM Related Standards Table B 2 1 ATM Related Standards Standard No Standard Name YD T1109 2001 Technical Specifications for ATM Switch ITU T I 150 1999 2 Functional Characteristics of B ISDN ATM ITU T I 321 1991 4 B ISDN Protocol Reference Model and Applications ITU T I 327 1993 3 B ISDN Network Function Architecture ITU T I 356 1993 B ISDN ATM layer cell transfer performance ITU T...

Страница 172: ...ling at the User Network Interface SSCF at UNI ISO IEC 11573 1994 Synchronization methods and technical requirements for Private Integrated Services Networks ITU T G 774 01 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH Performance Monitoring for the Network Element View January 1994 ITU T M 3010 1991 12 Principles of Telecommunications Management Network TMN ATM Forum UNI3 0 ATM User Network Interface UNI Spe...

Страница 173: ...ocol RFC0854 1990 TELNET protocol RFC0855 1990 Telnet Protocol Options Specifications RFC0858 1990 Telnet Advance Suppress Options RFC0894 1990 Standards for Transmission of IP Packets over Ethernet RFC1157 1990 Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP RFC1213 1991 Network Management Information Base of TCP IP based Internet MIB II RFC1332 1992 IPCP protocol RFC1631 1994 IP Network Address Translat...

Страница 174: ... Basic Environment of Electrical and Electronic Products GB 191 2000 Graphical Marks for Packing Storage and Transportation eqv ISO 780 1997 GB 2828 87 Batch by Batch Check Count Sample Program and Sample Table Applicable to Continuous Batch Check GB 2829 87 Periodical Check Count Sample Program and Sample Table Applicable to Check of Production Stability GJB 299B Electronic Equipment Reliability ...

Страница 175: ...riments and Measurement Technologies Industrial Frequency Magnetic Field Noise Immunity Experiments idt IEC 61000 4 8 1993 GB 9254 1998 Radio Disturbance Limit Value and Measurement Methods of Information Technology Equipment GB T 17626 11 1999 Electromagnetic Compatibility Experiments and Measurement Technologies Voltage Temporary Decrease Short Interruption and Graded Voltage Noise Immunity Expe...

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Страница 177: ...rface CO Central Office CPE Customer Premises Equipment CSV Circumstance System View DC Direct Current DDN Digital Data Network DMT Discrete MultiTone DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DSP Digital Signal Processing EIC Embedded Inter device Communication Channel FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FTTH Fiber To The Home HDLC High level Data Link Control H...

Страница 178: ... Personal Computer PCI Peripheral Component Interconnection POP Point of Presence POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PPP Point to Point Protocol PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSU POTS Splitter Unit PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QoS Quality of Service RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line ROM Read Only Memory SAR Segmentation And Reassembly SHDSL Sin...

Страница 179: ...e for ATM VC Virtual Connection VC Virtual Channel VCC Virtual Channel Connection VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VDSL Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VOD Video On Demand VP Virtual Path VPI Virtual Path Identifier WAN Wide Area Network WANE Wide Area Network with Ethernet Interface WWW World Wide Web XDSL x Type Digital Subscriber Line ...

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Страница 181: ...pacity indices 3 16 Environment conditions 3 3 Examples 8 9 Functions 2 3 Fundamental principles of DSL 1 4 Interface indices 3 4 Interfaces 6 1 Introduction to basic BAS concepts 5 26 Introduction to boards 4 8 Introduction to protocols 6 6 Networking mode 8 1 Physical performance 3 1 Power supply of equipment 3 2 System configuration 8 7 System features 2 9 System software of embedded BAS 5 16 ...

Страница 182: ...ZXDSL 9210 V3 1 Broadband Universal Access Equipment Technical Manual D 2 VDSL access mode 1 10 ZXDSL 9210 system software 5 2 ...

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