4-1
The YSI 2700 SELECT has been designed to provide considerable flexibility with respect to
how it may be configured. This allows you to use the instrument for analyses other than the
standard configurations mentioned previously. This flexibility also makes it possible for YSI to
develop and introduce new chemistry analyses in the future without significant instrument
changes.
In this section, you will learn about each of the chemistry measurements that have been
developed for the 2700 SELECT. First, we will briefly discuss the principle of using
immobilized oxidase enzymes. Secondly, we will focus on each standard chemistry setup for
single channel and then dual channel configurations.
You may want to use Section 6.1 to help understand the information presented below regarding
immobilized enzyme sensor technology. You may find Figure 6.1 especially useful.
YSI's enzyme sensor technology employs one or more enzyme catalyzed reactions to ultimately
produce hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) is electrochemically oxidized at the
platinum anode of an electrochemical probe. This produces a probe signal current.
In many procedures utilizing enzymes, the enzyme is discarded with the sample after the
analysis is made. YSI's technology allows preservation of the enzyme by immobilizing it in a
patented membrane structure.
The enzyme membrane is coupled with an electrochemical probe and housed in a sample
chamber where sample delivery and flushing occur. The life of the enzyme membrane is
measured in days or weeks, and is not dependent on the number of samples analyzed. If used
frequently, you may measure hundreds of samples with a single enzyme membrane before its
function is compromised.
In the sections below, each of the chemistries available by this technology will be discussed. In
enzymology, the terms substrate and product are commonly used to describe a reaction. An
enzyme is a protein molecule with great specificity that catalyzes the conversion of one or more
substrates to one or more products. In the YSI technology, an oxidase enzyme is always
involved since one product of an oxidase reaction is hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is
required to produce a meaningful signal current at the electrochemical probe.
A substrate, like dextrose, enters the sample chamber and is stirred and diluted. The substrate
then diffuses through a thin polycarbonate membrane material. The rate of the chemical
reaction shown below is limited primarily by diffusion. This results in improved linearity,
calibration stability and freedom from enzyme inhibition errors.
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