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LEA-6 / NEO-6 / MAX-6 - Hardware Integration Manual

UBX-14054794

Production Information

Product testing

Page 66 of 85

4.3

System sensitivity test

The best way to test the sensitivity of a GPS device is with the use of a 1-channel GPS simulator. It assures
reliable and constant signals at every measurement.

Figure 64: 1-channel GPS simulator

u-blox recommends the following Single-Channel GPS Simulator:



Spirent GSS6100 (GPS)



Spirent GSS6300 (GPS/GLONASS)
Spirent Communications Positioning Technology

www.spirent.com

4.3.1

Guidelines for sensitivity tests

1.

Connect a 1-channel GPS/GLONASS simulator to the OEM product

2.

Choose the power level in a way that the “Golden Device” would report a C/No ratio of 38-40 dBHz

3.

Power up the DUT (Device Under Test) and allow enough time for the acquisition

4.

Read the C/No value from the NMEA GSV or the UBX-NAV-SVINFO message (e.g. with u-center)

5.

Compare the results to a “Golden Device” or a u-blox 6 Evaluation Kit.

4.3.2

‘Go/No go’ tests for integrated devices

The best test is to bring the device to an outdoor position

with excellent sky view

(HDOP < 3.0). Let the

receiver acquire satellites and compare the signal strength with a “Golden Device”.

As the electro-magnetic field of a redistribution antenna is not homogenous, indoor tests are in most
cases not reliable. These kind of tests may be useful as a ‘go/no go’ test but not for sensitivity
measurements.

4.3.3

Testing LEA-6R designs

When testing the design ensure that no GPS signals are being received or delete the calibration after the
tests. Failure to do so can result in operation errors.

4.3.3.1

Direction signal

This input shall be set once to high level and once to low level. In both states the software parameters are read
back with the UBX-NAV-EKFSTATUS. The direction flag shall read forward for a high level at the FWD input and
backward for a low level at the FORWARD input.

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Содержание LEA-6

Страница 1: ...modules featuring the u blox 6 positioning engine These compact easy to integrate stand alone positioning modules combine exceptional performance with highly flexible power design and connectivity opt...

Страница 2: ...er ROM FLASH version LEA 6H All LEA 6H 0 002 FW6 02 FW 7 01 FW 7 03 FW1 00 LEA 6N All FW1 00 LEA 6S All ROM6 02 ROM7 03 LEA 6A All ROM6 02 ROM7 03 LEA 6T 0 All ROM6 02 ROM7 03 LEA 6T 1 All FW 7 03 LEA...

Страница 3: ...ning to the end The following symbols are used to highlight important information within the manual An index finger points out key information pertaining to chipset integration and performance A warni...

Страница 4: ...interrupt pin 16 1 7 3 AADET_N LEA 6 16 1 7 4 Configuration pins LEA 6S 6A NEO 6 16 1 7 5 Second time pulse for LEA 6T 0 and LEA 6T 1 16 1 7 6 TX ready signal FW 7 0x 17 1 7 7 ANTOFF NEO 6 17 1 7 8 An...

Страница 5: ...na control NEO 6 52 2 6 9 External active antenna control MAX 6 53 2 6 10 GPS antenna placement for LEA 6R 53 3 Product handling 54 3 1 Packaging shipping storage and moisture preconditioning 54 3 1 1...

Страница 6: ...u blox 6 GPS receiver 70 B 2 2 Software migration from 6 02 to 7 03 71 B 2 3 Software migration from 7 03 to FW1 00 GLONASS GPS QZSS 71 B 3 Hardware Migration 71 B 3 1 Hardware Migration ANTARIS 4 u b...

Страница 7: ...ser or third parties or that could cause damage to goods 1 2 Architecture u blox 6 LCC modules consist of two functional parts the RF and the Baseband sections See Figure 1 for block diagrams of the m...

Страница 8: ...arge 1 3 1 2 V_BCKP backup battery In case of a power failure on pin VCC the real time clock and backup RAM are supplied through pin V_BCKP This enables the u blox 6 receiver to recover from a power f...

Страница 9: ...ir ephemeris In non cold starts u blox 6 focuses on searching for visible satellites whose orbits are known from the Almanac In Eco mode the u blox 6 acquisition engine limits use of its searching res...

Страница 10: ...eet 11 1 6 2 USB LEA 6 NEO 6 The u blox 6 Universal Serial Bus USB interface supports the full speed data rate of 12 Mbit s 1 6 2 1 USB external components The USB interface requires some external com...

Страница 11: ...about the DDC interface is available in Appendix C 1 u blox 6 GPS receivers normally run in I 2 C slave mode Master Mode is only supported when external EEPROM is used to store configuration No other...

Страница 12: ...onnecting external serial I2 C memory used by external host see data sheet for exact pin orientation Note that the case shown on Figure 4 is different than the case when EEPROM is present but used by...

Страница 13: ...The SPI allows for the connection of external devices with a serial interface e g FLASH memories or A D converters or to interface to a host CPU LEA 6R includes a Serial Peripheral Interface SPI for...

Страница 14: ...es than those listed in Table 4 with u blox 6 receivers 1 6 4 2 SPI communication connecting to an SPI master NEO 6 Figure 7 shows how to connect a u blox GPS receiver to a host master The signal on t...

Страница 15: ...abled by the CS_N signal make sure that the GPS receiver starts up with a known defined configuration since the SPI pins MOSI MISO and SCK are at start up also configuration pins Figure 8 Diagram of S...

Страница 16: ...High means no external antenna has been detected See section 2 6 4 for an implementation example 1 7 4 Configuration pins LEA 6S 6A NEO 6 ROM based modules provide up to 3 pins CFG_COM0 CFG_COM1 and...

Страница 17: ...nal is disabled by default To configure the ANTOFF function refer to the u blox 6 Receiver Description including Protocol Specification 3 Use caution when implementing ANTOFF configuration since forwa...

Страница 18: ...SPI_MISO SPI_SCS2_N FWD SPI_ SCS1_N SPI_SCK and SPEED Pin Signal name Direction Usage 27 SPEED Input Odometer Speedpulses 23 SCK Output SPI clock 22 SPI_SCS1_N Output Chip Select signal for ADC turn...

Страница 19: ...sy especially when based on a u blox reference design Nonetheless it pays to do a quick sanity check of the design This section lists the most important items for a simple design check The Design In C...

Страница 20: ...and AssistNow Offline Make sure the antenna is not placed close to noisy parts of the circuitry e g micro controller display etc For active antennas add a 10 resistor in front of V_ANT 6 input for sho...

Страница 21: ...considerations For a minimal design with a u blox 6 GPS module the following functions and pins need to be considered Connect the Power supply to VCC VDDUSB Connect the USB power supply to a LDO befor...

Страница 22: ...t array of sensors and must only convert the sensor data into UBX messages and pass them to the GPS receiver via a standard serial interface USB SPI UART DDC This makes the u blox ADR solution very po...

Страница 23: ...PULSE GND GND AADET_N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 LEA 6 Top View LDO Figure 12 LEA 6 passive antenna design with USB port Passive Antenna Vcc Micro Process...

Страница 24: ...View LNA SAW L Figure 14 LEA 6 passive antenna design for best performance with external LNA and SAW Passive Antenna Vcc Micro Processor serial 1 SDA2 SPI_MOSI SCL2 SPI_MISO TxD1 RxD1 NC VCC GND VCC_...

Страница 25: ...als are not at the same frequency For this reason the RF path LNA filter and antenna must be modified accordingly to let both signals pass 2 2 2 2 Filter Use a GPS GLONASS SAW filter see Figure 16 tha...

Страница 26: ...4 mm 7 MHz 10 10 4 mm 5 MHz Table 7 Typical bandwidths for GPS patch antennas Figure 18 shows a 12 12 4 mm patch antenna with 20 20 mm ground plane tuned to GPS This patch bandwidth is so narrow that...

Страница 27: ...a 36 36 4 mm patch antenna is better and tune it so that GPS GLONASS signals are received 2 2 2 5 Module designs For GPS GLONASS designs chose the LEA 6N GLONASS GPS QZSS module which has a wide RF p...

Страница 28: ...on To activate GLONASS mode the customer application will have to send UBX proprietary commands for activating and switching to GLONASS reception The applicable SW commands are documented in the u blo...

Страница 29: ...illustrated semiconductor products All shown resistors shall have 5 accuracy or better All shown capacitors X7R types shall have 10 accuracy or better For correct operation with the LEA 6R firmware th...

Страница 30: ...d reckoning performance It has an internal pull up and therefore can be left open or connected to VCC_OUT or VCC if not used You need to check the voltage levels and the quality of the vehicle signals...

Страница 31: ...pulses speed ticks wheel pulses or wheel ticks These terms are often used interchangeably which can sometimes lead to confusion For the sake of consistency in this document we will be referring to the...

Страница 32: ...ive Antenna Detect Input pin for optional antenna supervisor circuitry Leave open if not used UART TxD1 3 O Serial Port 1 Communication interface can be programmed as TX ready for I2C interface Leave...

Страница 33: ...0 USB_DM USB_DP VDDUSB Reserved VCC_RF GND GND RF_IN GND VCC V_BCKP RxD1 TxD1 SCL2 SDA2 Reserved CFG_GPS0 SCK MISO CFG_COM1 MOSI CFG_COM0 14 16 11 9 7 1 18 USB port Optional Micro Processor USB LDO Fi...

Страница 34: ...uch as GSM For lowest power in backup mode use ANTOFF Vcc Micro Processor serial Passive Antenna Backup Battery NEO 6 Top View 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 22 21 20 19 17 15 13 23 GND Reserved SS_N TIMEPULSE...

Страница 35: ...O Serial Port 1 Communication interface can be programmed as TX ready for I2C interface RxD1 21 I Serial Port 1 Serial input Internal pull up resistor to VCC Leave open if not used USB USB_DM 5 I O U...

Страница 36: ...ver with a MAX 6 module Vcc Micro Processor serial Passive Antenna Backup Battery 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 17 15 13 Reserved TIMEPULSE EXTINT0 TxD1 VCC_IO V_RESET VCC_RF GND GND RF_IN GND VCC V_BCKP RxD1 ANT...

Страница 37: ...DDC Pins DDC Clock Leave open if not used Reserved 18 Reserved Leave open VCC_IO 7 I IO supply voltage Input must be always supplied Usually connect to VCC Pin 8 If I O level should be different from...

Страница 38: ...mask 12 2 mm 480 3 mil 16 0 mm 630 mil 1 0 mm 39 3 mil 0 8 mm 31 5 mil 0 8 mm 31 5 mil 3 0 mm 118 1 mil 1 0 mm 39 3 mil 1 1 mm 43 3 mil Figure 31 NEO 6 footprint 9 7 mm 382 mil 10 1 mm 398 mil 1 0 mm...

Страница 39: ...sure that RF critical circuits are clearly separated from any other digital circuits on the system board To achieve this position the receiver digital part towards your digital section of the system P...

Страница 40: ...s created around and below the RF connection This part of the circuit MUST be kept as far from potential noise sources as possible Make certain that no signal lines cross and that no signal trace vias...

Страница 41: ...19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 Wrong better best Figure 38 Recommended micro strip routing to RF pin for exact pin orientation see data sheet...

Страница 42: ...e cladding 35 m plus the plated copper typically 25 m Figure 40 is an example of a multi layer FR4 board with 18 m ounce cladding and 180 dielectric between layer 1 and 2 Figure 40 Micro strip on a mu...

Страница 43: ...rated low noise amplifier of the antenna needs to be supplied with the correct voltage through pin V_ANT Usually the supply voltage is fed to the antenna through the coaxial RF cable Active antennas r...

Страница 44: ...t of the receiver i e the RF input this supply should be virtually free of noise Usually low frequency noise is less critical than digital noise with spurious frequencies with harmonics up to the GPS...

Страница 45: ...gurable to suit various different applications u blox 6 Module GND RF_IN GND Active Antenna V_ANT VCC_RF LNA AADET_N Antenna Supervisor Circuitry external antenna voltage supply Figure 44 External ant...

Страница 46: ...of active antenna supervisor Firmware supports an active antenna supervisor circuit which is connected to the pin AADET_N An example of an open circuit detection circuit is shown in Figure 46 and Fig...

Страница 47: ...not derived from Vcc_RF do not exceed the maximum voltage rating of AADET_N The open circuit detection circuit uses the current flow to detect an open circuit in the antenna The threshold current can...

Страница 48: ...Recovery Enabled OD Open Circuit Detection Enabled PdoS Power Down on short Table 20 Active Antenna Supervisor Message on startup UBX binary protocol To activate the antenna supervisor use the UBX CF...

Страница 49: ...antenna supply voltage L Figure 49 External antenna bias voltage for active antennas For optimal performance it is important to place the inductor as close to the microstrip as possible Figure 50 illu...

Страница 50: ...016X T1 E3 Transistor Vishay L1 LQG15HS27NJ02 Inductor muRata C1 X5R 100N 10V 10 Decoupling Capacitor muRata Table 22 Active antenna supervisor bill of material RF Vcc R R R R I _ 1 3 2 2 Equation 2 C...

Страница 51: ...T6000 Rail to Rail Op Amp Linear Technology T1 Si1016X T1 E3 Transistor Vishay L1 LQG15HS27NJ02 Inductor muRata C1 X5R 100N 10V 10 Decoupling Capacitor muRata Table 23 Active antenna supervisor bill o...

Страница 52: ...n off mode pin 17 can be programmed as ANTOFF see section 1 7 7 Use caution when implementing ANTOFF configuration since forward compatibility is not guaranteed References Value Tolerance Description...

Страница 53: ...n Due to geometric and dynamic aspects of driving vehicles it is important to correctly place the GPS antenna and the external sensors from a geometric point of view in order to get consistent measure...

Страница 54: ...ufacturing procedures The paste mask geometry for applying soldering paste should meet the recommendations in section 2 5 1 The quality of the solder joints on the connectors half vias should meet the...

Страница 55: ...fall rate max 4 C s To avoid falling off the u blox 6 GPS module should be placed on the topside of the motherboard during soldering The final soldering temperature chosen at the factory depends on a...

Страница 56: ...of the module falling off due to the significantly higher weight in relation to other components Two reflow cycles can be considered by excluding the above described upside down scenario and taking i...

Страница 57: ...lox 6 module are sensitive to Ultrasonic Waves Use of any Ultrasonic Processes cleaning welding etc may cause damage to the GPS Receiver u blox offers no warranty against damages to the u blox 6 modul...

Страница 58: ...charges In addition to standard ESD safety practices the following measures should be taken into account whenever handling the receiver Unless there is a galvanic coupling between the local GND i e th...

Страница 59: ...ppropriate ESD rating Figure 56 ESD Precautions Protection measure A is preferred because it offers the best GPS performance and best level of ESD protection 3 3 5 Electrical Overstress EOS Electrical...

Страница 60: ...n PCB e g on top or bottom layer and especially at the border of a PCB Weak GND concept e g small and or long ground line connections EMI protection measures are recommended when RF emitting devices a...

Страница 61: ...k the high energy emitted by the GSM transmitter Examples of these kinds of filters would be the SAW Filters from Epcos B9444 or B7839 or Murata 3 3 8 2 Increasing jamming immunity Jamming signals com...

Страница 62: ...e GPS carrier see Figure 61 The main sources are wireless communication systems such as GSM CDMA WCDMA WiFi BT etc Figure 61 Out band jamming signals Measures against out band jamming include maintain...

Страница 63: ...pHEMT GaAS ALM 1412 3 3 6 D LNA FBAR Filter ALM 1712 3 3 6 D Filter LNA FBAR Filter ALM 2412 3 3 4 A LNA FBAR Filter MAXIM MAX2659ELT 3 3 4 A LNA SiGe JRC NJG1143UA2 LNA Infineon BGM1032N16 Filter LN...

Страница 64: ...supplied by an external limited power source in compliance with the clause 2 5 of the standard IEC 60950 1 In addition to external limited power source only separated or Safety Extra Low Voltage SELV...

Страница 65: ...ent which delivers a detailed test report for each unit The following measurements are done Digital self test Software Download verification of FLASH firmware etc Measurement of voltages and currents...

Страница 66: ...UBX NAV SVINFO message e g with u center 5 Compare the results to a Golden Device or a u blox 6 Evaluation Kit 4 3 2 Go No go tests for integrated devices The best test is to bring the device to an o...

Страница 67: ...6R 4 3 3 4 Temperature sensor The temperature measured by the temperature sensor connected to the LEA 6R shall be read with the UBX ESF MEAS message The measurement tolerance is in the order of about...

Страница 68: ...le is a fairly straightforward procedure Nevertheless there are some points to be considered during the migration Not all of the functionalities available with ANTARIS 4 are supported by u blox 6 Thes...

Страница 69: ...he power modes Max Performance mode and Eco mode For more information on u blox6 Power supply specifications and power modes see the LEA 6 Data Sheet 1 and NEO 6 Data Sheet 3 If you use an active ante...

Страница 70: ...gurations in one UBX CFG MSG command UBX CFG RXM N A Contrary to ANTARIS 4 u blox6 does not need selecting GPS acquisition sensitivity mode Fast Normal High Sens and Auto mode since the acquisition en...

Страница 71: ...blox 6 Receiver Description including Protocol Specification 4 B 2 3 Software migration from 7 03 to FW1 00 GLONASS GPS QZSS When migrating from 7 03 to FW1 00 GLONASS GPS QZSS consult the GPS GLONAS...

Страница 72: ...ak supply current 7 GND GND GND GND No difference 8 VDD18OUT NC VCC_OUT NC Internally connected to VCC if you have circuitry connected to this pin check if it withstands the VCC voltage 9 Reserved NC...

Страница 73: ...difference 18 VCC_RF VCC 0 1 V VCC_RF VCC 0 1V No difference 19 V_ANT 3 0 V 5 0 V V_ANT 2 7V 5 5V wider range 20 AADET_N NC 1 8 to 5 0 V AADET_N NC check resistor R5 in Active antenna supervisor Figur...

Страница 74: ...rved NC Do not drive low 2 SELECT VDDIO level I O not connected SS_N NC 3 TIMEPULSE VDDIO level I O TIMEPULSE Output 4 EXTINT0 NC EXTINT0 NC 5 USB_DM NC USB_DM NC New serial termination resistors reco...

Страница 75: ...pendix Page 75 of 85 B 5 2 Migration from NEO 5 to NEO 6 For u blox 6 only the Input Voltage thresholds on the pins RXD1 and EXTINT0 have changed Also check the setting of the configuration pins Seria...

Страница 76: ...ltage level thresholds of SDA and SCL depend on VDD See the LEA 6 Data Sheet 1 or NEO 6 Data Sheet 3 for the applicable voltage levels DDC Device A DDC Device B VDD SDA SCL GND Rp Rp SDAin SDAout SCL...

Страница 77: ...e located at a fixed address 0xA0 the receiver assumes the role of a master on the bus and never changes role to slave until the following start up subject to EEPROM presence This process takes place...

Страница 78: ...see Figure 68 uses two control and two data lines These are identified as follows SCS Slave Chip Select control output from master usually active low SCK Serial Clock control output from master MOSI M...

Страница 79: ...ording to single or multiple master protocols In the first variant the microcontroller s designated as slave s behave like a normal peripheral device The second variant allows for several masters and...

Страница 80: ...a slave the SCK pin is an input and the clock signal from the master synchronizes the data transfer between the master and slave devices Slave devices ignore the SCK signal unless the slave select pin...

Страница 81: ...the sensor integrity check has reported any failure from the sensors and set itself into GPS only mode Calibration can be reset with UBX message UBX CFG Config EKF Extended Kalman Filter D 2 Initial c...

Страница 82: ...relatively short driving distance and time The above instructions shall not be made a rule towards any end user They shall only be applied in a testing environment where sufficient care is taken that...

Страница 83: ...SW 10024 9 u blox 6 Firmware Version 6 02 Release Note Docu No GPS G6 SW 10003 10 LEA 5 Data Sheet Docu No GPS G5 MS5 07026 11 MAX 6 Data Sheet Docu No GPS G6 HW 10106 12 C26 telematics reference des...

Страница 84: ...Sep 14 2011 jfur NEO 6V integration Section 1 6 4 SPI FLASH For new designs Sections added 2 2 2 LEA 6H GLONASS ready module integration Section B 2 2 Software migration from 6 02 to 7 03 Section 3 3...

Страница 85: ...blox com Support support_ap u blox com Regional Office China Beijing Phone 86 10 68 133 545 E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional Office China Chongqing Phone 86 23 6815 15...

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