SABROE SAB 193 S, Инструкция по эксплуатации, Страница: 34 / 177

Engineering manual - SAB 193-233-283 S A-frame (including ATEX)
34/175
008831 en 2022.02
Safety precautions
Furthermore, it can be said about refrigerants:
HFC/HCFC
If released into the atmosphere, halogenated refrigerants of the types CFC and HCFC (e. g.
R22) will contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The ozone layer
protects the earth from the ultraviolet rays of the sun. Refrigerants of the types CFC, HFC and
HCFC are greenhouse gases which contribute to an intensification of the greenhouse effect.
They must, therefore, never be released into the atmosphere. Use a separate compressor to
draw the refrigerant into the plant condenser/receiver or into separate refrigerant cylinders.
Ammonia
• Ammonia is easily absorbed by water: At 15°C 1 litre of water can absorb approx. 0.5
kg liquid ammonia (or approx. 700 litres ammonia vapour).
• Even small amounts of ammonia in water (2-5 mg per litre) are enough to wreak havoc
with marine life if allowed to pollute waterways and lakes.
• As ammonia is alkaline, it will damage plant life if released into the atmosphere in large
quantities.
Hydro carbons (HC)
• HC gases are a group of B1 refrigerants characterised as very flammable.
• Hydro carbons are odourless and non-toxic gases. Specific mixtures of air and gas cre-
ate danger of explosion. As the gases are heavier than air, they will be concentrated at
the lowest possible level in case of leaks.
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
• Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) is a greenhouse gas with a GWP (Global Warming Potential) fac-
tor of 1. It is found in the atmosphere in a concentration of 0.036 vol. % (360 parts per
million, ppm). As CO
2
is extracted from atmospheric air, it can safely be released into
the atmosphere and does not contribute to enhancing the greenhouse effect.
• At atmospheric pressure, solid CO
2
(dry ice) at the temperature -78.5° C will not melt
like ordinary water ice. Instead it will evaporate and turn into gaseous state CO
2
, (sub-
stances transitioning directly from the solid to the gaseous state are said to sublime).
• CO
2
is an odourless, non-toxic non-inflammable gas. The limit value for CO
2
is 5000
ppm. The gas is heavier than air and will thus be concentrated at the lowest level of the
room in case of a leak. In closed rooms the gas can displace oxygen and cause
suffocation.
Refrigerant evacuated from a refrigeration plant must be charged into refrigerant cylinders in-
tended for this specific refrigerant. This does not apply to CO
2
, however.
CO
2
must under no circumstances be collected in bottles as there is a risk of overfill. At worst,
this may cause the bottles to explode because of the rise in pressure.
If the refrigerant is not to be reused, return it to the supplier or to an authorised incineration
plant.
Halogenated refrigerants must never be mixed. Nor must R717 ever be mixed with halogen-
ated refrigerants.
Cooling media
Salt solutions (brines) of calcium chloride (CaCl
2
) or sodium chloride (NaCl) are often used.