2
• Smoke particles may become "cold," stratify, and not reach the
ceiling or upper walls where detectors are located.
• Smoke particles may be blown away from detectors by air outlets.
• Smoke particles may be drawn into air returns before reaching the
detector.
The amount of "smoke" present may be insufficient to alarm smoke
detectors. Smoke detectors are designed to alarm at various levels
of smoke density. If such density levels are not created by a
developing fire at the location of detectors, the detectors will not go
into alarm.
Smoke detectors, even when working properly, have sensing
limitations. Detectors that have photoelectronic sensing chambers
tend to detect smoldering fires better than flaming fires, which have
little visible smoke. Detectors that have ionizing-type sensing
chambers tend to detect fast-flaming fires better than smoldering
fires. Because fires develop in different ways and are often
unpredictable in their growth, neither type of detector is necessarily
best and a given type of detector may not provide adequate
warning of a fire.
Smoke detectors cannot be expected to provide adequate warning
of fires caused by arson, children playing with matches (especially in
bedrooms), smoking in bed, and violent explosions (caused by
escaping gas, improper storage of flammable materials, etc.).
While a fire alarm system may lower insurance rates, it is not
a substitute for fire insurance!
Heat detectors do not sense particles of combustion and alarm only
when heat on their sensors increases at a predetermined rate or
reaches a predetermined level. Rate-of-rise heat detectors may be
subject to reduced sensitivity over time. For this reason, the rate-of-
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