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3.3 Examples of Measured Waveform
NOTE: The waveforms shown in Table 3.3-1 are typical examples. Various waveforms are
measured depending on conditions of the concrete.
Table 3.3-1 Examples of Measured Waveform
Examples of Measured Waveform Comments

Waveform of impact force when
hammering on healthy concrete
It can be obtained as nearly bilaterally
symmetric waveform at the peak.

Waveform of impact force when
hammering on deteriorated surface of
concrete
The rising time in the active phase is longer
in comparison to the healthy concrete. The
reason is that the time for the penetration of
hammer with plastic deformation in the
deteriorated surface is included. In contrast
influence of the deteriorated surface is small
in reactive phase.

Waveform of impact force when
hammering on the surface of concrete
with delamination: Case 1
This is the typical waveform that
delamination is clearly observed in the
relatively shallow site. The waveform is
bilaterally symmetric in common with
healthy surface, but there are some
characteristics such as relatively small
maximum value of the impact force and long
contact time with hammer. It can be
observed that the impact position shows the
same behavior as the leaf spring. The
waveform shows the fine bell shape but the
duration time of the impact force becomes
longer because of the low rigidity in
comparison to the healthy concrete.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Forc
e
Time(μs)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Fo
rce
Time(μs)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Forc
e
Time(μs)