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Chapter 22 Appendix B Converting a Subnet Mask to Binary Code 

160 

22  Appendix B Converting a Subnet Mask to Binary Code 

 
IP addresses are sometimes followed by their subnet mask expressed in binary (base two) code. This binary 
code is called a prefix length.  For example, 

192.168.1.1  16

 is an IP address followed by the prefix length 

16

.

 

The prefix length 

16

 represents the subnet mask 255.255.0.0. 

 
The simplest way to convert a legal subnet mask into a prefix length is to use the scientific calculator 
located on most PCs.  In the sample Windows screen below, click on 

Start

 and then move the cursor over 

the 

Program

 and 

Accessories 

headings to arrive at the 

Calculator

 heading.  Click on the 

Calculator

 

heading. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The calculator will appear.  Click on the 

Dec

 (Decimal) heading.  A dot will mark the circle besides the Dec 

heading as shown below.  (You can ignore the right hand side headings:  Degrees, Radians and Grads.)  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Содержание IP6610

Страница 1: ...IP6610 E1 DS1 DTE DCE ROUTER USER S MANUAL LOOP TELECOMMUNICATION INTERNATIONAL INC 8F NO 8 HSIN ANN RD SCIENCE BASED INDUSTRIAL PARK HSINCHU TAIWAN Tel 886 3 578 7696 Fax 886 3 578 7695 LoopTelecom...

Страница 2: ...2011 Loop Telecommunication International Inc All rights reserved Version 33 23 MAR 2011...

Страница 3: ...R LOOP IP6610 ROUTER 7 3 2 POWER ON 7 3 3 SELF TEST 7 3 4 USING A TERMINAL 7 3 5 REVIEW AND DEFAULT SETTINGS 7 3 6 WAN1 TIMESLOT MAP SETUP 7 3 7 SYSTEM OPERATION 8 3 7 1 Date 8 3 7 2 Console Port 8 3...

Страница 4: ...P 32 6 4 1 DHCP Relay Step by Step Setup 33 7 FRAME RELAY SETUP 34 7 1 OVERVIEW 34 7 2 FRAME RELAY SETUP COMMANDS 35 7 3 STEP BY STEP SETUP INSTRUCTIONS 36 8 IP ROUTING SETUP 38 8 1 OVERVIEW 38 8 2 RO...

Страница 5: ...tructions 79 17 VLAN STACKING Q IN Q SETUP 83 17 1 OVERVIEW 83 17 2 VLAN STACKING 83 17 3 DEFINITIONS 84 17 4 VLAN STACKING COMMANDS AND SETUP INSTRUCTIONS 85 17 5 SETUP EXAMPLE 86 17 5 1 Sample Setup...

Страница 6: ...2 Traceroute Command 149 21 2 13 Upload Configuration Command 150 21 2 14 E1 Commands 150 21 2 15 DS1 Commands 153 21 2 17 DTE Commands 157 21 2 17 DCE Commands 159 22 APPENDIX B CONVERTING A SUBNET M...

Страница 7: ...on 22 Figure 6 1 DHCP Application 27 Figure 6 2 DHCP Relay Setup 32 Figure 7 1 Frame Relay Application 34 Figure 8 1 IP Routing Setup 38 Figure 9 1 Setting Up IP Routing with Network Address Translati...

Страница 8: ...1 Alarm Type Table 13 Table 5 1 VT 100 Monitor Parameters Default Setting 23 Table 5 2 WAN1 Admin Commands E1 25 Table 5 3 WAN1 Admin Commands DS1 25 Table 5 4 LAN1 Admin Commands 26 Table 6 1 DHCP Se...

Страница 9: ...ijn nuttige levensduur niet bij hey gewone huisafval te deponeren maar op de dearvoor bestemde adressen DK N r produktet er udtjent bor det b rtskaffes via de s rlige indsamlingssteder i landet N Ved...

Страница 10: ...t as an access WAN router The Loop IP 6610 integrates E1 DS1 CSU DSU and an optional built in single port Ethernet switch to provide cost effective access solution for SMBs or branch offices It also s...

Страница 11: ...er 1 Product Description 2 1 2 Applications Figure 1 2 Application Illustration Figure 1 3 Mobile ATM Solution Figure 1 4 Ethernet to Data Transmission Solution Loop IP 6610 WAN E1 DS1 DTE 10 100 Base...

Страница 12: ...ting Setup Chapter 8 3 IP Routing Setup with Network Address Translation NAT Chapter 9 4 Frame Relay Setup Chapter 7 5 IP routing with NAT Chapter 11 6 Packet Filtering Setup Chapter 12 7 Port Forward...

Страница 13: ...1 0dB to 30dB w ALBO Jitter AT T TR 62411 Connector DA15S or RJ48C Pulse Template AT T TR 62411 Surge Protection FCC Part 68 Sub Part D DTE Interface V 35 Connector DB25 Male Data Rate Up to 8 192 Mb...

Страница 14: ...Router RT ordering option Static Route RIP v1 v2 Layer 2 protocol HDLC PPP PAP CHAP IPCP Frame Relay up to 10 Frame Relay PVCs Cisco compatible HDLC PAP and CHAP For E1 WAN In band management channel...

Страница 15: ...dle channel to perform PRBS diagnostic test For DS1 Use of idle channel to perform QRSS diagnostic test Performance Monitor Performance Store Last 24 hours performance in 15 minute intervals and last...

Страница 16: ...per desktop installation work through the sequence of events below in the order that they appear 2 2 1 1 Chassis Grounding For stand alone units a dedicated chassis ground screw and lock washer is pro...

Страница 17: ...rcumstances connect the Loop IP unit to a power source that is inconsistent with the power rating that is labeled on the rear of the Loop device 2 2 1 3 Line Connections You can now make your line and...

Страница 18: ...rnet 2 3 1 IP 6610 DTE Front Panel and Rear Panel The Loop IP6610 DTE Front Panels are shown in the following figures Figure 2 2 Loop IP6610 DTE Front Panel Four Ethernet Figure 2 3 Loop IP6610 DTE Fr...

Страница 19: ...10 DTE Rear Panel EIA 530 with AC Power 4 Port Figure 2 7 Loop IP 6610 DTE Rear Panel EIA 530 with DC Power 4 Port 2 4 Console Port To use the RS232 interface to configure the unit use a straight cabl...

Страница 20: ...t to right to the power connector On Off switch RJ45 10 100M Ethernet connection and RJ48 E1 DS1 and BNC E1 line connections V V 50 60Hz 0 15A MAX AC power supply DC power supply 1 2 48 V 0 2A 24 V 0...

Страница 21: ...r a crossover cable 2 5 3 Line Connections Line connections are either via BNC E1 connectors or RJ48 E1 DS1 connectors E1 and DS1 pin assignments for the RJ48 connector are listed in Tables 2 3 and 2...

Страница 22: ...DTE D Clear To Send DCE E Data Set Ready DCE F Data Carrier Detect DCE H Data Terminal Ready DTE J Unassigned K Unassigned L Local Loopback DTE M Unassigned N Remote Loopback DTE P Transmit Data DTE R...

Страница 23: ...t Ready DCE 7 Signal Ground 8 Data Carrier Detect DCE 9 Receive Clock Return DCE 10 Unassigned 11 External Clock Return DTE 12 Transmit Clock Return DCE 13 Unassigned 14 Transmit Data Return DTE 15 Tr...

Страница 24: ...tect DCE 9 Receive Clock Return DCE 10 Data Carrier Detect Return DCE 11 External Clock Return DTE 12 Transmit Clock Return DCE 13 Clear To Send Return DCE 14 Transmit Data Return DTE 15 Transmit Cloc...

Страница 25: ...ble Shield 2 Transmit Data DTE 3 Control DTE 4 Receive Data DCE 5 Indication DCE 6 Signal Timing DCE 7 External Clock DTE 8 Signal Ground 9 Transmit Data Return DTE 10 Control Return DTE 11 Receive Da...

Страница 26: ...DTE 5 Clear To Send DCE 6 Data Set Ready DCE 7 Signal Ground 8 Data Carrier Detect DCE 9 Unassigned 10 Unassigned 11 Unassigned 12 Unassigned 13 Unassigned 14 Unassigned 15 Transmit Clock DCE 16 Unass...

Страница 27: ...Data Carrier Detect DCE 14 Remote Loopback DTE 15 Unassigned 16 Unassigned 17 External Clock DTE 18 Test Mode DCE 19 Signal Ground 20 Unassigned 21 Unassigned 22 Transmit Data Return DTE 23 Transmit C...

Страница 28: ...Impedance Selection Ethernet Port ON 4 Ports OFF 1 Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ground Selection E1 BNC TX Ring to GND or E1 T1 RJ Pins 7 8 to GND Short ON Open OFF E1 BNC RX Ring to GND Selection Short...

Страница 29: ...hter Board All settings are made at the factory in accordance with the customer s order The table below shows the jumper3 definition Table 2 11 Jumper3 Definition JP2 JP4 JP6 JP8 JP10 Jumper 3 Selecti...

Страница 30: ...ter so the WAN UP LED may be off for a few seconds even when nothing is wrong 3 4 Using A Terminal To use the RS232 interface to configure the unit use a straight cable to connect a VDS100 terminal to...

Страница 31: ...1200 9600 Data Bit 8 7 bit per byte 8 Stop Bit 2 1 bit 1 Parity Bit NONE EVEN ODD NONE 3 7 3 Login and Logout To log onto the system as a specific user use the command login admin or login operator Th...

Страница 32: ...format mode only accepts AT T ESF data link protocol DS1 supports G 802 mode called DS1 FRAME NONE mode which can only map to DS1 same mode or E1 port full channel map E1 supports clear channel mode c...

Страница 33: ...ff turns CAS off Setting MF to On turns CAS on For E1 CAS Channel Associated Signaling is a method for sending signaling information where time slot 16 of the E1 format is shared for each of 30 other...

Страница 34: ...line performance register tracks the line receiver performance status The user performance register tracks the line receiver as well but may be cleared at any time Each performance parameter has ninet...

Страница 35: ...Count ESF CRC Error or Out Of Frame not used always 0 CRC error or OOF 3 11 LED Operation The front panel of the single Ethernet port IP 6610 has seven LEDs They are for Power Line Alarm WAN UP WAN DO...

Страница 36: ...ploy threshold triggered alarms but these alarms are declared as soon as the recorded account exceeds the preset threshold The 15 minute integration interval does not apply to ES and UAS alarms Alarm...

Страница 37: ...E1 Statistics Parameter List Statistics Parameter Description AS Available Second EFS Error Free Second ES Error Second BES Bursty Error Second SES Severe Error Second CSS Controlled Slip Second Table...

Страница 38: ...4 1 823 6612 2 4 1 1 2 3 Indicates Line LOS alarm at local site LOF_ALARM 1 3 6 1 4 1 823 6612 2 4 1 1 2 4 Indicates Line LOF alarm at local site BPV_ALARM 1 3 6 1 4 1 823 6612 2 4 1 1 2 5 Indicates L...

Страница 39: ...lect the optimum route for transmitting data packets from one network to another Two common protocols are RIP1 Routing Information Protocol Version 1 and RIP2 Routing Information Protocol Version 2 RI...

Страница 40: ...rs may be due to a incorrect configuration of either Loop IP 6610 or of the equipment at the other end of the line or b due to faulty line installation which results in excessive noise cross talk or i...

Страница 41: ...If another Loop IP 6610 is not available use of the loopback plugs would provide some of the tests otherwise possible With a BERT each of the ports of the Loop IP 6610 can be tested individually The u...

Страница 42: ...PRBS diagnostics operation Use the Test command to enable PRBS 3 The FULL PRBS diagnostic uses a framed pattern This is useful for testing full E1 loopbacks at the far end When the PRBS pattern sync i...

Страница 43: ...4 1 The incoming signal is loopback to the outgoing DS1 signal after the DS1 transceiver framer This loopback is used to isolate the DTE port from the troubled DS1 transmission line Payload loopback...

Страница 44: ...itted within 31 DS0 channels It tests the consecutive zeros requirement and useful to test AMI circuits The 3 in 24 pattern sequence is as follows TS0 01000100 00000000 00000100 01000 Left to Right TS...

Страница 45: ...puter has a USB port rather than COM ports you will need to purchase a commercially available PC USB to DB9 conversion cable These cables come with software which when loaded in a PC will allow you to...

Страница 46: ...EVEN ODD NONE After selecting your settings left click your mouse on OK The setup screen will disappear To save your setup left click Save setup with your mouse as shown in the screen below You can sa...

Страница 47: ...Enter key You will be asked to key in a password After keying it in press the Enter key again You will then be asked to confirm your password The password is now set 5 2 2 Save In order to save this c...

Страница 48: ...re E1 time slots to WAN1 delete timeslot wan_intf wan1 start TS 1 31 end TS 1 31 remove one or more E1 time slots from WAN1 wan1 ip ip_addr xxx xxx xxx xx x subnet_mask xxx xxx xxx xx x set WAN1 IP ad...

Страница 49: ...ove one or more timeslots from wan1 performance Delete DS1 performance data bert release DS1 bert delete loopback release an DS1 loopback type clock loss LOS LOF AIS YEL BPB ES UAS CSS setting enable...

Страница 50: ...nd default router and to provide other configuration information Figure 6 1 below illustrates the Loop IP6610 set up in a DHCP server application All hosts shown on the right hand side of the network...

Страница 51: ...netmask using this command Ip_range subnet name start_IP end_IP IP address range that is available for this subnet bootp subnet name ON OFF set bootp to ON or OFF default_lease subnet name seconds se...

Страница 52: ...d add dhcp subnet plus the subnet you wish to declare In our example we declared the subnet loop1 Press the Enter key You must enter a dhcp server address for the subnet Key in the command set dhcp se...

Страница 53: ...must establish a dns server Key in the command set dhcp server subnet dns_server loop1 followed by the server IP address The IP address of the server we used was 192 168 1 2 Press the Enter key You m...

Страница 54: ...Chapter 6 DHCP Server Setup 31 You must set the dhcp server to on Key in the command set dhcp server state on Press the enter key A prompt will advise you that the dhcp server has started...

Страница 55: ...s on different subnets of your network or even to put them on different networks After setting up a DHCP Server it is quite easy to add a DHCP Relay Server as shown in Figure 6 2 below IP Network LAN1...

Страница 56: ...address of the Loop IP 6610 unit that you will use as a relay server Press Enter The IP 6610 ip address we used was 10 3 2 10 A will advise you that the command succeeded You must now activate the re...

Страница 57: ...7 1 below illustrates a Frame Relay setup The dashed lines in the diagram represent Frame Rely PVCs Note IP 6610 units only support user site protocol and cannot communicate directly with each other...

Страница 58: ...otocol protocol type hdlc ppp chdlc frame_relay protocol ansi q93 3 n391 value 1 255 n392 value 1 10 n393 value 1 10 t391 value 5 30 set WAN1 layer 2 protocol V V Admin pvc dlci pvc 1 10 DLCI 0 16 991...

Страница 59: ...owed by the required parameters and their values The parameter value list we entered was q933 n391 10 n392 4 n393 5 t391 20 Please note that these parameters must match the parameters on the network s...

Страница 60: ...nd show time_slot You must establish a PVC IP address Key in the command set wan1 pvc ip 1 followede by the PVC IP address and subnet mask The address entry we used was 100 2 254 254 255 255 0 0 Press...

Страница 61: ...100 2 254 254 MASK 255 255 0 0 Peer Router IP 100 2 254 253 Figure 8 1 IP Routing Setup 8 2 Routing Admin Commands To set up the Router function you will use the commands in Table 8 1 below Step by s...

Страница 62: ...ng cursor will appear Key in the command login admin Then press the Enter key Note It is possible that the IP 6610 is presently in Bridge mode rather than Router mode If you are unsure key in the admi...

Страница 63: ...l Data Link Control protocol so we keyed in the admin command set wan 1 protocol hdlc and then pressed the Enter key Set the WAN1 IP and MASK addresses Key in the admin command set wan 1 ip followed b...

Страница 64: ...up procedure is now complete If neither RIP protocol is supported by the peer router you must use static routing To do so proceed to the instructions below If neither RIP protocol is supported by the...

Страница 65: ...P Routing Setup 42 Note You are also able to specify a default route by setting the network address and subnet mask as 0 0 0 0 eg add route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 2 254 253 wan1 This setup procedure is n...

Страница 66: ...P Address IP 192 168 1 1 MASK 255 255 255 0 E1 PPP or HDLC WAN 1 with Public IP Address IP 100 2 254 254 MASK 255 255 0 0 Peer Router IP 100 2 254 253 Figure 9 1 Setting Up IP Routing with Network Add...

Страница 67: ...y in Bridge mode rather than Router mode If you are unsure key in the admin command delete bridge Then press the Enter key If the IP 6610 is in Bridge mode it will switch to Router mode Network Addres...

Страница 68: ...an 1 protocol hdlc and then pressed the Enter key Set the WAN1 IP and MASK Key in the admin command set wan 1 ip followed by the LAN1 IP address and MASK Then press the Enter key In the sample screen...

Страница 69: ...lowed by the IP address of the peer router and finally the WAN number for the output interface Then press Enter All sample addresses are clearly illustrated in Figure 9 1 The admin command keyed in fo...

Страница 70: ...MASK 255 255 0 0 Peer Router IP 100 2 254 253 Company Branch Network Address 100 3 0 0 255 255 0 0 IP Router IP 160 2 254 253 Gateway 255 255 0 0 Local Network HTTP Server IP 192 168 100 11 FTP Serve...

Страница 71: ...te is permitted 4 Because FTP Server Access is provided only for the client IP 140 1 x x where x is 0 255 and the client s branch office the IP6610 shall permit ftp packets from those sites By keying...

Страница 72: ...creen below we keyed in any as the source address 192 168 100 11 as the destination HTTP IP address 32 as the destination address subnet mask prefix length and 80 as the port You must now add a rule e...

Страница 73: ...ny for the packet source address 100 3 0 0 16 for the branch office destination address and binary code subnetmask and any for the port number That we will permit packets from any source to come to th...

Страница 74: ...11 1 Port Forwarding Virtual Service Application 11 2 Port Forwarding Virtual Service Commands To set up the Port Forwarding Virtual Service application you will use the commands in Table 11 1 below...

Страница 75: ...ish where you will forward http packets to Key in the command add napt forward http followed by the port number followed by the http server ip address Then press the Enter key In the sample screen bel...

Страница 76: ...Chapter 11 Port Forwarding Virtual Service 53...

Страница 77: ...parameter Instructs to put the newly created policy entry at the tail of the policy list selector If outgoing packets match criteria the selector sets some matching conditions If the packet going thro...

Страница 78: ...anteed the minimum rate of the selected policy When the maximum_rate is mentioned in the action parameter the parameter is specified the maximum rate of the selected policy If maximum_rate is not ment...

Страница 79: ...Chapter 12 QoS 56 Figure 12 1 QoS Application...

Страница 80: ...e flows for each type of service are as is indicated in the figure Assume WAN1 has 1Mbps bandwidth so telnet in subnet A will have 60 Kbps 10 of 60 of 1Mbps guaranteed bandwidth while FTP will have 12...

Страница 81: ...ateway addresses used in the diagram correspond to the sample step by step configuration instructions in section 13 3 E1 1 2 3 4 SNMP Router IP address 140 132 1 1 Mask 255 255 0 0 WAN 1 E1 PPP BCP or...

Страница 82: ...idge age time 10 1000000 Set MAC aging time when the system runs in bridge mode add bridge lan1 wan1 pvc1 10 interface Add an interface to the bridge group delete bridge lan1 wan1 pvc1 10 interface De...

Страница 83: ...undancy Check to either on or off When the IP 6610 bridge CRC is on enabled it will bring MAC CRC32 checksum with data When the IP 6610 bridge CRC is off it will delete the MAC CRC32 checksum Key in t...

Страница 84: ...N 1 timeslot Key in the command add timeslot wan1 followed by the timeslots you wish to add Then press the Enter key In our sample setup we chose to add timeslots 1 31 so we keyed in the admin add tim...

Страница 85: ...Chapter 13 Remote Bridge Setup 62 The IP 6610 set up procedure for the first unit is now complete Repeat these instructions to set up the other IP 6610 unit in this application...

Страница 86: ...nagement Admin Commands Parameters Description community Name string Set SNMP community name contact contact information string Set SNMP system contact location system location string Set SNMP system...

Страница 87: ...mmand set snmp contact then press the Enter key Key in your contact information Press the Enter key again The sample screen below shows the information we keyed in Set the SNMP location Key in the adm...

Страница 88: ...ain The sample screen below shows the information we keyed in Add the trap This is the IP address of your SNMP network management server Key in the admin command add trap followed by your trap IP addr...

Страница 89: ...sure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network and to provide backup links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down In Figure 15 1 below the forwarding port...

Страница 90: ...arding a packet from that device to the root device Then it selects a designated bridging device from each LAN which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that LAN to the root devi...

Страница 91: ...this device transmits a configuration message BPDU cost port lan wan pvc1 pvc10 cost 1 65535 This parameter is used by the STP RSTP to determine the best path between devices Therefore lower values s...

Страница 92: ...Router mode rather than Bridge mode If you are unsure key in the admin command add bridge and then press the Enter key If the IP6610 is was in Router mode it will switch to Bridge mode Key in the comm...

Страница 93: ...et spantree delay followed by a time value in seconds we chose 20 Press Enter A sample screen is shown below Set up the span tree hello period Key in the command set spantree hello followed by a time...

Страница 94: ...set spantree link type followed by the Port type we chose wan1 followed by the type of link we chose p to p Press Enter A sample screen is shown below Set the LAN edge port to ON Key in the command s...

Страница 95: ...Chapter 15 STP RSTP Setup 72 The setup procedure is now complete If you want to see what your setup looks like key in the command show spantree and press Enter A sample display is shown below...

Страница 96: ...re put into tagged packets by the switch and then passed on to the Ethernet Port of the Loop IP 6610 The IP 6610 reads the tag on the packets and uses this VLAN id to make packet forwarding decisions...

Страница 97: ...LAN Application 2 16 2 VLAN and MAC Tables This section is designed to be a brief overview only If you are already familiar with VLAN and MAC tables please proceed to section 16 3 VLAN Commands and Se...

Страница 98: ...on of all learned dynamic MAC entries The MAC table can be used to monitor network traffic or to de bug network problems The Loop IP6610 will support up to 16K entries in the MAC Table Table 16 2 MAC...

Страница 99: ...e ingress filtering ability for one bridge interface default is disabled add vid 1 4094 tag type tag untag interface name lan wan1 wan1pvc1 add a bridge interface to be one tagged untagged member for...

Страница 100: ...Enter If the results shown are not what you want then you must reset the timeslots by using the add timeslot command A clear example of how to use this command can be found in Section 12 3 Remote Brid...

Страница 101: ...Press Enter If the VLAN feature is disabled turned off you must enable it Enable the VLAN feature by keying in the command add vlan Press Enter You must create a VID for each port To create VID 3 key...

Страница 102: ...the command set vlan add 3 tag lan1 Press Enter To set LAN1 Ethernet to be a tagged member for VID 5 VLAN2 key in the command set vlan add 5 tag lan1 Press Enter The setup of Application 1 Figure 15 1...

Страница 103: ...the Frame Relay virtual channel For the purposes of this demonstration we will assume that the DLCI of three virtual channels are 100 101 and 102 The DLCI that you actually use may be different Set W...

Страница 104: ...create VID 3 key in the command set vlan create 3 and press Enter To create VID 5 key in the command set vlan create 5 and press Enter To create VID 7 key in the command set vlan create 7 and press En...

Страница 105: ...LAN1 Ethernet to be a tagged member for VID 3 VLAN1 key in the command set vlan add 3 tag lan1 Press Enter To set LAN1 Ethernet to be a tagged member for VID 5 VLAN2 key in the command set vlan add 5...

Страница 106: ...receives Ethernet frames tagged or untagged from a customer s LAN then encapsulates the frames with an additional outer tag and sends them out through a WAN link Figure 17 1 Transparently Conveying V...

Страница 107: ...processes Table 17 1 Egress Process Port Type Action Provider When the port transmits a packet that has no S TAG the IP6610 inserts an S TAG with the receive port s S PVID The Tag process enables a pr...

Страница 108: ...isabled add vid 1 4094 interface name lan wan1 wan1pvc1 add a bridge interface to be one member for a specific SVLAN remove vid 1 4094 interface name lan wan1 wan1 pvc1 remove a bridge interface from...

Страница 109: ...0 forwards packets of a VLAN to a proper logical channel according to the tags on the packets Loop IP6610 C TAG S TAG C TAG S TAG LAN1 Customer pvid3 WAN1 Provider svid3 Figure 17 4 SVLAN Setup Diagra...

Страница 110: ...PCP permits the transport of IP packets over a PPP link Here are some key PPP features all of which are lacking in SLIP Multiple Protocols can interoperate on the same link simply by running additiona...

Страница 111: ...255 0 0 Admin set wan1 protocol ppp IP6610 server Admin set wan1 ppp direction server Admin set wan1 ppp localname server Admin set wan1 ppp authentication pap Admin set wan1 ppp add client ip6610 Adm...

Страница 112: ...User can use cli command to hang up manually if needed Figure 19 1 AT modem application The modem application showed above is based with the activated ppp configuration Step 1 Key in the command set w...

Страница 113: ...and succeeded The setup procedure is now complete Here are the definitions for the modem state idle The phone line is idle init The IP6610 is sending initial AT commands to the MODEM and waiting for r...

Страница 114: ...on the LAN side The IP addresses and gateway addresses used in the diagram correspond to the step by step configuration instructions found in Section 20 1 2 below TFTP Server VT 100 Monitor IP 100 1 1...

Страница 115: ...e Loop IP 6610 and the TFTP Server are at different locations WAN 1 IP 100 2 254 254 MASK 255 255 0 0 Figure 20 2 Firmware Configuration Up Download with TFTP Server on Outside Network Note In this ap...

Страница 116: ...network management system server and then presses the Enter key A ping signal will be sent to the server and the results will appear on your screen A sample screen is shown below Then send a test sign...

Страница 117: ...s the Enter key To upload configuration proceed to section Configuration Upload To download configuration proceed to section Configuration Download To download firmware proceeds to section Firmware Do...

Страница 118: ...y in the admin command reset system and then press Enter Resetting can also be done by powering down the unit and then powering it up again 20 2 3 Firmware Download Key in the admin command load firmw...

Страница 119: ...Chapter 20 Setting Up Firmware Configuration Up Download with TFTP Server 96...

Страница 120: ...There are two levels of commands for Bridge and Router functions They are Admin Commands and Operator Commands Admin Commands allow configuration setup and the display of system information Operator C...

Страница 121: ...DS1 llist2 list3 list4 action permit deny protocol tcp udp icmp any 10 255 src_ ip src_ip_ prefix 1 32 dst_ip dst_ipprefix 1 32 low_port 1 65535 hi_port 1 65535 add packet filter rules V Admin add nap...

Страница 122: ...bootfile default_router bcast_address netbios_server netbios_node delete dhcp option_code code delete the correspond settings by the parameter V Admin all_param sub_name deletes all configuration info...

Страница 123: ...ng rules V Admin delete log delete log message V V OP delete napt forwarding name delete napt port forwarding rules V Admin delete nat address Index 1 8 delete nat public address set by index V Admin...

Страница 124: ...ing configuration to factory default values V V Admin reset system reset the system V V Admin save configuration save system configuration V V Admin type Clock Loss LOS LOF AIS RAI BPV ES UAS CSS sett...

Страница 125: ...global or default parameters and will be used when that is not set in the subnet host declaration A max of 4 ip addresses can be specified for dns server default router and netbios server User has the...

Страница 126: ...ext_server name ip_addr bootfile name filename fixed_address name ipaddr client_identifi er name string default_lease name secs max_lease name secs set dhcp host option_code name code value This is us...

Страница 127: ...V V Admin dlci pvc_no 1 10 dlci 0 16 ilp address CIR Bc Bge create set delete a frame relay pvc V V Admin ip pvc_no 1 10 ip_addr xxx xxx xxx xxx net_mask xxx xxx xxx xxx set ip address V Admin set pvc...

Страница 128: ...he spanning tree forwarding state i e fast forwarding This feature is applicable only for RSTP V Admin set fast port lan1 wan1 pvc1 pvc10 setting on off enable disable portfast feature for specific po...

Страница 129: ...V Admin tpid set SVLAN tag type V Admin term baud 2400 4800 9 600 19200 3 8400 data 7 8 stop 1 2 Set console communication parameters V V Admin set term 9600 8 none 1 time date time MM DD YYYY hh mm...

Страница 130: ...ce the performance for bridge forwarding V Admin set wan1 chdlc interval 1 3600 timeout set Cisco HDLC parameters V V Admin ip ip_addr xxx xxx xxx xxx net_mask xxx xxx xxx xxx set WAN1 IP address V Ad...

Страница 131: ...network interface s statistics normal mode V V OP log show event log V V OP mac display MAC table regardless of the VLAN state V OP nat mode nat napt show NAT setting V OP route all show static routin...

Страница 132: ...port show each port s svlan interface state V OP show svlan table show SVLAN table V OP show svlan state show SVLAN state V OP table start initial entry in the VLAN table end final entry in the VLAN t...

Страница 133: ...m wan1 V V Admin performance delete E1 performance data V V OP bert release E1 bert V V Admin loopback release an E1 loopback V V Admin delete pattern release E1 pattern V V Admin frame framing mode F...

Страница 134: ...etup V V OP line status show E1 line status V V OP 1hr line 24hr ES UAS BES SES CSS AS EFS BPV show E1 line performance V V OP 1hr performanc e user 24hr ES UAS BES SES CSS AS EFS BPV show E1 user per...

Страница 135: ...opback release a DS1 loopback remote_loopback Remote loopback code type in band at t payload ansi payload ansi line release a DS1 remote loopback V V Admin release pattern release DS1 pattern V V Admi...

Страница 136: ...ance V V OP 1hr user 24hr ES UAS BES SES CSS LOFC BPV ESF show DS1 user performance V V OP 1hr far 24hr ES UAS BES SES CSS LOFC show DS1 far performance V V OP type clock loss LOS LOF AIS YEL BPB ES U...

Страница 137: ...min Dtr On Off Enable disable DTE Data Terminal Ready V V Admin LL On Off Enable disable DTE Local Loopback V V Admin RL On Off Enable disable DTE Remote Loopback V V Admin Tx_clock Inverted normal Se...

Страница 138: ...tect cts Clear to Send dsr Data Set Ready ttm rts Request to Send dtr Data Terminal Ready tx_clock rx_clock tx_data and rx_data Signal name for the setting set DCE Setting On Off normal inverted For c...

Страница 139: ...subnet to which dhcp clients are attached and wants to get an address the user has to declare a subnet with configurable parameters Subnet declaration includes subnet network number mask range of ava...

Страница 140: ...nternet Protocol address IP address used in one network to a different IP address that is used in another network One network is designated as the inside network The other network is designated as the...

Страница 141: ...ax add nat static public_ip private_ip Explanation Sets up a single static translation This command establishes the globally unique IP address of an inside host as it appears to the outside world i e...

Страница 142: ...ame of the interface to be deleted If no interface is specified all the interface will be added to bridge group Note If you delete the bridge connection on every interface and then add a bridge connec...

Страница 143: ...planation Delete global next server name Parameters None Command delete dhcp bootfile Syntax delete dhcp bootfile Explanation Delete global boot file name for the client Boot file name is the name tha...

Страница 144: ...e by one Parameters sub_name name of the subnet that uniquely identifies it Command del dhcp subnet network Syntax del dhcp subnet network sub_name Explanation Delete subnet network number and net mas...

Страница 145: ...addresses from configured routers for this subnet Parameters sub_name name of the subnet Command del dhcp subnet bcast_addr Syntax del dhcp subnet bcast_addr sub_name Explanation Delete broadcast addr...

Страница 146: ...st_name Explanation Delete next server in dhcp client s boot process Parameters host_name name of the host Command del dhcp host bootfile Syntax del dhcp host bootfile host_name Explanation Delete boo...

Страница 147: ...ndex the index of the pool to be deleted The possible value range from 1 to 8 Command delete nat static Syntax delete nat static public_ip Explanation deletes a static translation entry Parameters pub...

Страница 148: ..._name Explanation Download the firmware for this device Reset the system manually to make the loaded firmware take effect Parameters ip the ip address of the TFTP server file_name the filename of the...

Страница 149: ...ss ESC on your keyboard Parameters address IP address to ping packet_size Size of the ICMP packet timeout Timeout period 21 2 8 Reset Commands Command reset configuration Syntax reset configuration Ex...

Страница 150: ...Parameters ip_addr gateway IP address Command set bridge crc Syntax set bridge crc setting Explanation When the IP 6610 bridge CRC is on it will bring MAC CRC32 checksum with data When the IP 6610 bri...

Страница 151: ...arameters number number of pings per attempt Command set dhcp relay server Syntax set dhcp relay server ip address Explanation set ip address of the IP 6610 unit that you wish to use as a DHCP relay s...

Страница 152: ...ich client should contact for a boot file This is typically a TFTP server name Parameters name name of the next server in string format or IP address Command set dhcp bootfile Syntax set dhcp bootfile...

Страница 153: ...is invalid Screen Dump Parameters name name of the subnet network_addr IP address of the dhcp subnet netmask the bit combination that specifies which part of the address refers to the network and whi...

Страница 154: ...mentioned here and the next_server name is specified in global configuration it will take that name Parameters name name of subnet server_name name of server either in string format or IP address Com...

Страница 155: ...ress ipaddr2 netbios server 2 IP address ipaddr3 netbios server 3 IP address ipaddr4 netbios server 4 IP address Command set dhcp netbios_node Syntax set dhcp netbios_node name value Explanation Set n...

Страница 156: ...et dhcp host default_lease Syntax set dhcp host default_lease name value Explanation User can specify the default duration of a lease using this command If the user does not mention a default lease th...

Страница 157: ...used it is using The address structures look like this Class A 0 Network 7 bits Local address 24 bits Class B 10 Network 14 bits Local address 16 bits Class C 110 Network 21 bits Local address 8 bits...

Страница 158: ...ace Parameters mode nat enables NAT feature Napt enables NAPT feature off disable NAT and NAPT feature interface the interface name Command set password Syntax set password user checking Explanation E...

Страница 159: ...it is discarded The possible values range from 6 to 40 seconds The default value is 20 seconds Note The default value of 20 seconds is recommended in the STP RSTP If you change this value the followin...

Страница 160: ...ing Explanation A port with the edge port feature enabled is moved directly to the Forwarding state without waiting for the standard forwarding time delay Enabled only when the interface is attached t...

Страница 161: ...d 802 1w If you change this value the following relationship must be obeyed Bridge_Max_Age 2 x Bridge_Hello_Time 1 0 seconds Command set spantree link type Syntax set spantree link type port type Expl...

Страница 162: ...bits 7 or 8 parity_checking parity checking type odd even none stop_bits number of stop bits 1 or 2 Command set time Syntax set time date_time Explanation Sets system date and time Parameters date_ti...

Страница 163: ...n tag priority code point Parameters value 0 7 Command set svlan port type Privilege Admin Syntax set svlan frame type type interface sub interface Explanation Set the acceptable frame type of one por...

Страница 164: ...ate vid Explanation Deactivate a VLAN Parameters vid VLAN ID range from 1 to 4094 Command set vlan pvid Syntax set vlan pvid vid interface name Explanation Setup the PVID for one bridge interface Defa...

Страница 165: ...mand initial at command default AT less than 32 characters Command set wan modem dial Syntax set wan modem dial setting Explanation Enable Disable the auto dial feature Parameters setting enable disab...

Страница 166: ...on add ppp authentication server name and password Parameters name passwd server name 256 bytes password 256 bytes Command set wan1 ppp authentication Syntax set wan1 ppp authentication auth_type Expl...

Страница 167: ...ar in the intervening data To make this work data sometimes needs to be modified in a transparent manner On bit synchronous links a method called bit stuffing is used In bit stuffing a binary 0 is ins...

Страница 168: ...arameters protocol rip1 enable RIP1 routing protocol for WAN1 rip2 enable RIP2 routing protocol for WAN1 static turn off all dynamic routing protocols and enables static routing Command set media_forw...

Страница 169: ...played here Parameters None Command show dhcp config all Syntax show dhcp config all Explanation Show whole dhcp configurations including global Show whole dhcp subnets and hosts Parameters None Comma...

Страница 170: ...ly once Command show mac Syntax show mac Explanation Display the MAC table regardless of the VLAN state Parameters None Command show nat Syntax show nat mode Explanation show NAT configuration includi...

Страница 171: ...ion show each port s svlan information that contain PVID port_type ingress_filter Parameters Command show svlan state Privilege Admin Syntax show svlan state Explanation show svlan state Parameters Co...

Страница 172: ...p all Explanation shows wan1 ppp configuration Parameters Command show wan1 l2_protocol Syntax show wan1 l2_protocol Explanation Shows the current WAN1 layer 2 protocol status Parameters none 21 2 12...

Страница 173: ...ion 4 4 of this manual under the heading Test Patterns Parameters type Command activate e1 bert Syntax activate e1 bert type Explanation It is used to perform a PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence 2 15 1...

Страница 174: ...ion Loop IP6610 can be used in two frame or multiframe mode For two frame set CRC Cycle Redundancy Check to OFF For multiframe mode set CRC to ON A proprietary facility data link is implemented in bot...

Страница 175: ...set e1 secondary_clk Syntax set e1 secondary_clk clock_source Explanation select e1 secondary_clk clock_source Parameters clock_source line internal Command set e1 timer Syntax set e1 timer timing Ex...

Страница 176: ...none Command show e1 performance Syntax show e1 performance type period Explanation To view line receiver performance status report Parameters type line user Period 1hr 24hr Performance es uas bes ses...

Страница 177: ...nd delete timeslot wan1 Syntax delete timeslot wan1 start stop Explanation Delete DS1 timeslots from wan1 interface Parameters start The number of the starting time slot 1 24 stop The number of the la...

Страница 178: ...channels Users may program the idle channel to any bit pattern from 00H to FFH Parameters idle_code 0x00 0xFF Command set DS1 yel setting Syntax set DS1 yel setting Explanation Enable disable DS1 YEL...

Страница 179: ...nization and errors count If QRSS pattern is received QRSS SYNC is shown Else QRSS UNSYNC is shown and bit error count is displayed which counts all single errors User may use key to inject a single b...

Страница 180: ...set alarm type setting Explanation Enable or disable a alarm type Parameters etherneDS1 ethernet2 ethernet3 ethernet4 dcd cts dtr all Command set dte Syntax set dte setting Explanation to set dte sing...

Страница 181: ...ALM 0 ethernet2 DIS OK 0 ethernet3 DIS ALM 0 ethernet4 DIS ALM 0 DCD_loss EN ALM 0 CTS_loss DIS ALM 0 DSR_loss DIS ALM 0 Command show dte diagnostic Syntax show dte diagnostic Explanation The dte to d...

Страница 182: ...settings Parameters type Signal name for the setting Valid names are dcd cts dsr ttm rts dtr tx_clock rx_clock tx_data and rx_data setting For control signals dcd cts dsr ttm rts dtr on forces the int...

Страница 183: ...16 represents the subnet mask 255 255 0 0 The simplest way to convert a legal subnet mask into a prefix length is to use the scientific calculator located on most PCs In the sample Windows screen bel...

Страница 184: ...equivalent of 255 will appear as 11111111 Now let s look at our base ten subnet mask 255 255 0 0 We know that 255 converts to 11111111 in base two We also know that 0 is 0 regardless of what base it i...

Страница 185: ...u to send keyboard commands through the PC s USB Port to the DB9 Console Port of the Loop IP 6610 Make sure all communication parameters are correct ie baud rate data bit stop bit and interface 2 Powe...

Страница 186: ...3 Press Enter If the activation code is correctly entered a prompt will say command succeeded In the sample screen below we keyed in the admin command activate routing 0BCE88FE092388EC7E63AC0F70CE27D2...

Страница 187: ...etup Activate the media forward function 1 Login IP6610 as admin login admin and set up interfaces for media forwarding for example setup LAN1 and WAN 1 as media forwarding interface by CLI command ad...

Страница 188: ...s below Figure 24 2 Mobil ATM Application with Fixed IP CLI Setup The following is the step by step CLI configuration for above application 1 set wan1 modem init AT CRM 1 2 set wan1 modem dial enable...

Страница 189: ...e triggered to send AT command to modem while the LAN port receives the packet Condition 2 When the ATM machine has dynamic IP address you need to enable IP6610 DHCP function to get an IP address The...

Страница 190: ...network atm 10 10 10 0 255 255 255 0 14 set dhcp server subnet ip_range atm 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 15 set dhcp server subnet router atm 10 10 10 1 16 set dhcp server dns_server 202 54 29 5 17 set dhc...

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