Freecom Storage Gateway NETWORK HARD DRIVE, Руководство пользователя

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Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple
physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a
subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating
to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that
can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free.
A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For
example, the IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as IP network address
172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending the number
of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing
allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using
different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other depart-
ments in the organization.
Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note
that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network
numbers, you only need to shift some bits from the host address to the network address.
For instance, to partition a Class C network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift one
bit from the host address to the network address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is
255.255.255.128. The first subnet has network number 192.68.135.0 with hosts
192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has network number
192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.
Attention: The number 192.68.135.127 is not assigned because it is the
broadcast address of the first subnet. The number 192.68.135.128 is not
assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet.
Freecom strongly recommends that you configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the
same netmask for the following reasons:
• So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets
• When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of
the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme
to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host
address.
• So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are
remote Private IP Addresses