ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɠɚɪɤɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɢɡ ± ȼɩɟɪɟɞ ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɤɪɭɬɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɐɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ Ⱥ ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ
ɩɪɨɯɥɚɞɟɢɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɟ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɜɟɪɯ ± ɇɚɡɚɞ ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɤɪɭɬɢɬɫɹ
ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ ɐɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɨɥɤɚ ɜɧɢɡ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ % ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɧɢɡɤɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɧɟɬɟɪɹɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɜɬɟɩɥɟɢɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɟ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɊȺȻɈɌȺ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɐɟɩɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɚ3XOOɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɛɞɜɚɛɭɤɫɢɪɚɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɜɬɪɢɛɭɤɫɢɪɚɧɢɡɤɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
'ɑɟɬɵɪɟɹɧɤɢɨɮɮ
ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɪɟɞɢɥɢɧɚɡɚɞ
ɍɏɈȾɂɊȿɆɈɇɌ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɡɟɝɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɦɨɝɭɬɪɚɡɜɹɡɚɬɶɫɹȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɞɜɚɠɞɵɜɝɨɞɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧɵ ɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɨɧɢɤɪɟɩɤɨɢɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ
ɑɢɫɬɢɬɶɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɱɬɨɛɵɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɨɥɝɢɯɥɟɬɨɧɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɤɚɤɧɨɜɵɣɉɪɢ
ɱɢɫɬɤɟɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɧɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɭɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɦɨɬɨɪ
ɢɥɢɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɚɬɚɤɠɟɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɞɚɪɚ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɭɫɤɨɦ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɏɪɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɥɚɤɚ ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɜɵɰɜɟɬɚɧɢɟɢɩɨɬɟɪɸɛɥɟɫɤɚ
ɇɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɦɚɡɤɭ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɉɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɚ
ɩɟɪɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɫɦɚɡɚɧɵ
ɋɉɊȺȼɈɑɇɂɄɉɈȼɕəȼɅȿɇɂɘɉɈȼɊȿɀȾȿɇɂɃ
ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɧɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢɢɥɢɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɢɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣɰɟɩɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɚɫɥɟɞɭɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɩɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɈɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɞɜɢɠɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɜɜɟɪɯɢɥɢɜɧɢɡȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɤɨɝɞɚɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɭɞɚɥɟɧɵɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɜɵɫɬɭɩɵɦɨɬɨɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɜɫɺ ɟɳɺ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɭ ɇɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɧɟɢɦɟɹɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɢɡɞɚɟɬɲɭɦ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɜɫɟɜɢɧɬɵɤɨɪɨɛɤɢɦɨɬɨɪɚɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɵ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɜɢɧɬɵɤɪɟɩɹɳɢɟɨɩɨɪɵɥɨɩɚɫɬɢɤɦɨɬɨɪɭɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɵ
ȿɫɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɛɥɨɤɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɱɬɨɜɢɧɬɵɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɟɩɥɚɮɨɧɵɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɜɪɭɱɧɭɸɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹɜɩɚɬɪɨɧɟɢɱɬɨɨɧɚɧɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɦɩɥɚɮɨɧɨɦȿɫɥɢɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɧɟɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɧɹɬɶɩɥɚɮɨɧɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸɥɟɧɬɭó´ɧɚɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɟɩɥɚɮɨɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɛɭɞɟɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨȼɟɪɧɭɬɶɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɩɥɚɮɨɧɢɡɚɤɪɭɬɢɬɶɜɢɧɬɵɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɨɣɥɟɧɬɵ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɵ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɇȿɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌɖɷɬɨɬɬɢɩɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ
ȾɚɬɶɱɚɫɚɧɚɭɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɲɭɦɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɞɚɟɬɧɨɜɵɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɤɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ȼɫɟɥɨɩɚɫɬɢɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɵɢɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɩɨɜɟɫɭɇɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɲɚɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɝɨɯɨɞɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɟɝɨɥɨɩɚɫɬɢɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɵɩɨɩɚɪɧɨ
ɩɨ ɜɟɫɭ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɲɚɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɯɨɞɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɲɚɝɨɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɲɚɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɱɬɨɛɵɜɫɟɥɨɩɚɫɬɢɛɵɥɢɤɪɟɩɤɨɩɪɢɜɢɧɱɟɧɵɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɯɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɜɫɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵɤɦɨɬɨɪɭ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɦɤɚ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɬ ɤ ɩɨɬɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɛɚɥɤɟ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɲɚɬɚɧɢɟɦɢɧɟɪɨɜɧɵɦɯɨɞɨɦɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɜɵɛɪɚɜ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɨɥɤɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɧɚɞ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɂɡɦɟɪɢɬɶɷɬɨɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɤɚɤɷɬɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟɍɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹɷɬɭɦɟɪɤɭɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ´ɩɨɤɪɭɬɢɬɶɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɬɚɤɱɬɨɛɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɥɨɩɚɫɬɶɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɪɚ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɢɡɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɧɟɜɫɟɭɪɨɜɧɢɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟɢɯɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɑɬɨɛɵɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɧɟɰɨɞɧɨɣɥɨɩɚɫɬɢ
ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɜɧɢɡɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɲɚɣɛɭɧɟɜɯɨɞɢɬɜɧɚɛɨɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭɥɨɩɚɫɬɶɸɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɦɥɨɩɚɫɬɢɧɚɜɢɧɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɛɥɢɠɟɜɫɟɝɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ
ɤ ɦɨɬɨɪɭ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɜɟɪɯ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɲɚɣɛɭ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɶɸ ɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɦɥɨɩɚɫɬɢɧɚɞɜɚɜɢɧɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɞɚɥɶɲɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɬɦɨɬɨɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɲɚɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɪɨɜɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɫɨɜɟɬɭɟɦ
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