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Appendix D Glossary of Terms
119
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum is a modulation scheme employed by the
802.11b standard that uses a chipping code (redundant bit) during its
transmission to reject interference.
Dynamic IP
Address
It is an IP address that is dynamically allocated or assigned to a client device
within a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server.
Encryption Encryption is a security method applying specific algorithms to make sure that
all the data from one computer is encoded into a form that only the other
intended party will be able to decode and view the information.
Ethernet An IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is transmitted over
a common medium. It uses CSMA/CD which stands for Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Detection. It has a defined data rate of 10Mbps.
Fast Ethernet An IEEE standard extended from 10Base-T Ethernet to support 100Mbps data
rate.
Firewall It is a software layer that controls network access from within and without so
that any undesired activity may be prevented by malicious or snooping
parties.
Firmware It is a software code written and saved within the read-only memory (ROM) or
programmable read-only memory (PROM). The firmware that is written on the
ROM/PROM is retained even when the device is powered off.
FTP File Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol designed to transfer files over a TCP/IP
network.
Full Duplex It defines the ability of a device to transmit data simultaneously in both
upstream and downstream directions over a single line.
Router A router is a device that interconnects networks.
Half Duplex It defines the ability of a device to transmit in one direction at a time over a
single line.
HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol is a common protocol used to connect servers
on the World Wide Web, with its primary function being to establish a
connection with a web server and transmit HTML pages to the client’s
browser.
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error reporting
protocol between a host server and a router to the Internet. ICMP uses
Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the IP
software and are not directly apparent to the application user.
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol is the standard for IP multicasting on
the Internet. It is used to establish host memberships in particular multicast
groups on a single network. The mechanisms of the protocol allow a host to
inform its local router, using Host Membership Reports, that it wants to receive
messages addressed to a specific multicast group. All hosts conforming to
level 2 of the IP multicasting specification require IGMP.
IEEE It is the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. The IEEE is a professional
technical body promoting the development and application of technology.