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LB 134 

7. Probes for the LB 134 

 

 

81 

7.  Probes for the LB 134 

 

7.1  Internal Dose rate Probe 

 
 

 The integrated gamma dose rate probe is a Geiger-Müller coun-
ter  tube  and  is  suitable  for  the  low  dose  rate  range  from  0.1 
µSv/h  to  20  mSv/h  and  for  an  energy  range  from  50  to  1300 
keV.  Calibration  factor:  0.627  µSv/h/cps,  intrinsic  background: 
0.07 cps. The probe is calibrated to the H*(10) standard (ambi-
ent  equivalent  dose  rate).  To  extend  the  life  of  the  batter-
ies/rechargeable  batteries,  the  power  supply  of  the  internal 
probe is switched off in the menu when the probe is not in use. 

 
 

7.2  Scintillator Probes with ZnS for Contamination Measurements 

 
 

In this chapter we will describe the Berthold scintillation probes 
designed for the measurement of alpha, beta and gamma con-
tamination in detail. 

 
 

The principle of operation of scintillation counters

 

 

 

 

In conventional  scintillation  counters,  the  radiation  to  be  meas-
ured  hits  one  or  several  scintillator  layers.  The  resulting  light 
flashes  are  passed  on  directly,  or  bundled  by  a  suitable  reflec-
tor, to the photomultiplier.  

   
 

The current state of the art

 

 

Up  to  now,  sandwich  detectors  consisting  of  two  layers  were 
used to measure alpha, beta and gamma radiation: ZnS for the 
alpha radiation  and plastic  scintillators for beta and gamma ra-
diation, with the ZnS layer facing the sample. 

 

The  disadvantages  of  this  method  are  the  low  sensitivity  for 
low-energy beta radiation, which must penetrate the ZnS layer, 
and  a  poor  discrimination  between  types  of  radiation  (strong 
spillover  effects  in  the  beta  channel),  and  high  manufacturing 
costs.  Moreover,  with  smaller  beta  energies,  such  as  C-14, 
these detectors show a higher position dependence through the 
detector surface. 

 
 

New measurement method by B

ERTHOLD 

T

ECHNOLOGIES

 

   
 

Contamination detectors with ZnS scintillators use a single scin-
tillator  made  of  zinc  sulfide  (ZnS)  to  measure  the  radioactivity. 
The radiation to be measured strikes the scintillator. The result-
ing  flashes  of  light  are  conducted  by  a  suitable  reflector  to  a 
photomultiplier  with  a  suitable  preamplifier  and  discriminator 
stage and measured.  

 

Содержание LB 134

Страница 1: ...LB 134 Universal Monitor II Program version V 1 00 and higher ID No 62688BA2 Rev No 02 08 04 2016...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...External Probes 20 2 3 4 Power Supply and Program Memory 20 2 4 Data Interface 21 2 5 Scope of Delivery 22 2 6 Wall Bracket Optional Accessories 23 3 COMMISSIONING 25 3 1 Connecting the Device 25 3 2...

Страница 4: ...Memory and Parameters 69 6 11 Parameters 72 6 11 1 Date Time 72 6 11 2 Language 73 6 11 3 Device Address 73 6 11 4 Calibration Type 73 6 11 5 Light Off min 73 6 11 6 Backlight 73 6 11 7 Headphones Rel...

Страница 5: ...Function 117 9 3 Search Mode 118 9 4 Counter Timer Function 119 9 5 Determination of Calibration Factors in the Event of Contamination 120 10 DECISION THRESHOLDS AND DETECTION LIMITS 123 11 APPENDIX...

Страница 6: ...LB 134 Content IV...

Страница 7: ...t Prereq uisites of the measurement measurement procedure and explana tion of the individual types of measurement Chapter 6 documents all software functions of the LB 134 on the System menu This is th...

Страница 8: ...LB 134 Working with the User s Manual VI...

Страница 9: ...he equipment functions safely The user must ensure that the LB 134 is set up and installed properly to ensure safe oper ation With regard to the detectors please keep in mind Use caution when measurin...

Страница 10: ...LB 134 Safety Instructions VIII...

Страница 11: ...is connected to the basic unit via a spiral cable To ex tend the life of the batteries rechargeable batteries the supply of the internal probe is switched off in the menu when not in use Nine differen...

Страница 12: ...to a local network Up to 32 measuring de vices including central computer can be integrated in this net work with a cable length of up to 1000 m The baud rate to be set depends on the cable length and...

Страница 13: ...e P10 gas Tritium contamination LB 6411 He 3 proportional counter tube Neutron dose rate LB 6411 1 He 3 proportional counter tube Neutron dose rate reduced pressure LB 1236 H10 Proportional counter tu...

Страница 14: ...l setup of the device by the supervisor and set in the system parameters and is then usually not changed any more Nuclides can be deleted or entered new or their parame ters can be changed When using...

Страница 15: ...e calibration factor is not included In the coun ter timer mode the statistical accuracy G is 100 In the ratemeter mode 2 100 Where Rb gross count rate cps Ro background count rate cps Tp sample measu...

Страница 16: ...els is a rather complicated meas urement method with this device and therefore has to be treat ed in more detail The results of measurements with other probes are always obtained in a very similar way...

Страница 17: ...es In practice however we often encounter a nuclide mix contain ing unknown or only partially known nuclides let us therefore consider the following alternatives Nuclide mix of unknown composition If...

Страница 18: ...ear reaction Without knowing the neutron spectrum to be measured we get the correct neutron doserate and the corresponding dose within a range from 30 nSv h to 100 mSv h Calculated unit of measurement...

Страница 19: ...asurement modes a Search Mode to quickly search for contamination doserates or activities In this measurement mode the de vice is very sensitive to different radiation activities and shows changes ver...

Страница 20: ...ounter Timer In this measuring mode either the averaging time or the statistical accuracy of the measured value can be selected 1 7 Important Measuring Parameters at a Glance Alarm thresholds Alarm th...

Страница 21: ...nu facturer When working with ZnS scintillator for contamination measurements please keep in mind a special feature because of the method used Since alphas cause quite a bit of afterglow in the scinti...

Страница 22: ...s its own dead time which depends on the de tector properties and the subsequent amplifier and discriminator electronics With gas filled counter tubes and NaI crystals this is typically 1 to 3 s The e...

Страница 23: ...IFO there is a write and a read pointer If FIFO is full everything starts again from scratch and the oldest value is overwritten The FIFO can be read out and edited via the USB interface using special...

Страница 24: ...tor see Figure 2 1 Figure 2 1 Basic unit LB 134 Electronics The complete electronics with integrated dose rate probe LB 1346 including software and high voltage generation is lo cated inside the case...

Страница 25: ...SU the head phones jack plug relay connection for the external signal lamp and RS485 communication are located on the left side of the device USB host and device connections and the Fischer connector...

Страница 26: ...on 1 5V located at the bottom of the de vice see Figure 2 4 If the PSU is connected the operating voltage is supplied through the line voltage and the rechargea ble batteries can be charged The chargi...

Страница 27: ...line Center panel Net measured value s with unit of measurement and meas urement nuclide s measurement type or net cps measure ment With simultaneous measurement both measured values are displayed Be...

Страница 28: ...them by the softkey located directly above each button The softkeys are displayed in the bottom line of the display in black 2 2 3 Warning Signals LED indicators The LEDs on the membrane keypad indica...

Страница 29: ...nt see Figure 2 7 Whenever you turn on the device you will be informed about the status of the batteries The voltage can be viewed on the menu Parameter Power supply Note The RAM which stores the meas...

Страница 30: ...and Charge Time The charging process only takes place when the device is switched on 2 3 3 Power Supply for External Probes Batteries or rechargeable batteries supply power to the basic unit and also...

Страница 31: ...depends on the cable length and the number of connected devices The standard cable used is a shielded twisted pair da ta cable which has to be terminated at each end of the bus be tween both wires wit...

Страница 32: ...e transferred in this order after sending the header data frame The current status of the measuring device is determined every second This includes the states of all errors and alarms This information...

Страница 33: ...igned such that the monitor is about 3 cm from the wall Measurements can be carried out in the battery or rechargeable battery mode We recommend working with the device with re chargeable batteries an...

Страница 34: ...LB 134 2 System Description 24 Figure 2 9 LB 134 with wall bracket...

Страница 35: ...e switched on automatically If the detector LB 1342 or LB 1343 is supplied remove the transport protection for the entrance window of the detector on the device bottom by pushing out the black metal p...

Страница 36: ...ursor left arrow is al ready in this line you can disable the internal probe by pressing Enter then the external probe will be used the X is removed Press ESC to go to the Measurement menu Now you can...

Страница 37: ...r needs during an on going meas urement directly you should select the relevant nu clides types of measurement in the small nuclide ta ble measurement type table for the measurement menu Perform backg...

Страница 38: ...B 134 in the wall bracket The unit turns on automatically If you are working with an external probe this probe must also be mounted on the wall in the vicinity of the device and connected to the devic...

Страница 39: ...t rate is zero Then the device must be turned off o For gas filled contamination detectors If detector is OK the detector foil must be smooth tense and plane A slack wrinkly foil indicates that the co...

Страница 40: ...e Nuclides is re placed by Meas Types Figure 4 1 System menu for alpha beta probe Several dots behind a menu item indicate that this function leads to further displays For menu items showing a paramet...

Страница 41: ...r ther functions appear in the bottom line If you press this key once more the first functions appear again see first picture The functions are explained in detail Figure 4 2 Measurement menu of a dos...

Страница 42: ...gross results during the measurement in cps Bq cm2 or Sv h or according to the selected nuclide s and measurement type s or the computed unit of the measurement Info line second line from the bottom...

Страница 43: ...bar graph shows the ratio of the respective measured value to the set threshold value Expressed as a percentage of the threshold value If the threshold is ex ceeded the top LED flashes and an alarm i...

Страница 44: ...h key indicates the function of this key Turning on off the device Push this button for about 0 5 seconds to power on and for at least 1 second to power off Turning on off the buzzer and the LCD backl...

Страница 45: ...on to save the measurement Press the button to go to the next functional level see above 4 4 Operation 4 4 1 Selecting Menus and Options On the System Menu move the cursor to the desired menu or the o...

Страница 46: ...he available options one after the other Select the desired option with Enter The selection is ac cepted Examples Setting the Measurement Mode Ratemeter Counter Timer Search Measurement settings for r...

Страница 47: ...l you get to the System Menu Figure 4 5 System menu with menu items 4 4 5 LED Indicators The two LEDs on the membrane keypad indicate different states Top LED Alarm when the threshold is exceeded Bott...

Страница 48: ...on measurements one can determine the counts for a given period from the cps values through inte gration by selecting Net We will now take a closer look at a contamination meas urement Contamination m...

Страница 49: ...ficient measuring accuracy is reached You can also use the System Test function of the PC program You can check if the measured value coincides with a target value within a given limit Compare the mea...

Страница 50: ...better 600 seconds in order to get accurate results Autostart When ON is set X mark a background measurement is carried out automatically whenever the device is turned on BG Meas Time If a background...

Страница 51: ...g the Save button The stored background is displayed on the menu next to background and background see Figure 4 6 The background should be measured daily or occasionally or it should be measured new a...

Страница 52: ...for a sample measure ment you first have to select those nuclides from the nuclide table that you use most frequently and that you wish to access directly during measurements These nuclides are store...

Страница 53: ...des are marked by an X Move the cursor to the nuclide you wish to include in the small nuclide table using the key and then press the key to go to the next function level Now press the Edit but ton A...

Страница 54: ...e Enter key A list of options or the field for parameter input appears see above Enter the desired value or select an entry from the list Confirm your entry by pressing the Enter key Meaning of the pa...

Страница 55: ...be selected in the Ratemeter the Search or the Counter Timer measurement mode The measuring channel or and is selected on the System menu under the menu item Display Mode The nuclide are set in the Me...

Страница 56: ...istical error Decreasing statistical fluctuations become apparent from the fact that the displayed measured values show less and less deviations The stored background rate is automatically subtracted...

Страница 57: ...area activities Bq cm using a calibration factor entered in the device The previously saved background rate is automatically subtracted so that the net ar ea activities are displayed here Press the In...

Страница 58: ...the detector count rates cps are converted into area activities using a calibration factor stored in the device Bq cm The stored background rate is automatically subtracted e g Beta sources total tot...

Страница 59: ...ion factors thresholds etc The new nuclide must be activated to view it in the small nuclide list This measurement mode is used a to measure a nuclide that is not included in the nuclide li brary Prer...

Страница 60: ...onditions A contamination of say 10 Bq cm but an expansion of only 50 cm is displayed as 5 Bq cm distributed over 100 cm as a result of this averaging However if the extent of the contamination is gre...

Страница 61: ...evice supervisor under the item Menus Enable There the rights Off Read only and Read and Edit can be assigned Off means the menu does not appear in the menu list Read only means you can view the param...

Страница 62: ...Date Time Language German English Device Addr 1 to 255 Calib Type ISO 7503 1 A 100 Backlight Dark Medium Bright Headphones Relay Headphones or relays for alarm Power Supply Battery Type Battery or Acc...

Страница 63: ...lected during a measurement If you are working with dose rate probes the Measurement mode is displayed here and instead of nuclides you can select preset measurement types Save Saves the measurement r...

Страница 64: ...set see chapter 6 8 Start Stop Starts or stops a measurement in the Counter Timer mode The Ratemeter or the Search function run continuously sepa rate start of the measurement is not necessary Menu Re...

Страница 65: ...urned off to save power If the in ternal probe is disabled and no probe is connected you will see the following display na means that the internal probe is not turned on not activated Figure 6 3 Displ...

Страница 66: ...ts the background measurement in one or both measuring channels simultaneously using the parameters defined on this page The background can also be entered manually in cps in the row BG or BG provided...

Страница 67: ...nu Info Press this button repeatedly and briefly to view the following additional information Accuracy Elapsed Measuring Time and Preset Time Date and Time Negative values For statistical reasons it m...

Страница 68: ...measured background by pressing the Save softkey Only then you can start regular measure ments contamination activity dose rate by exiting the Back ground menu and the System menu Please note If the a...

Страница 69: ...ed as follows On the System Menu the currently set measurement mode is displayed next to the option Measurement mode To change the setting select the Measurement mode op tion and press the Enter key T...

Страница 70: ...onse of displayed value in case of fast changes of activity Cycle Time s In Ratemeter mode the cycle time defines how often storage is performed or how many times the data are to be transferred via US...

Страница 71: ...ng 0 a predefined number of cycles is to be performed setting N where N can be between 2 and 9999 Preset Acc Once the accuracy of the measurement is less than the preset accuracy a measurement cycle i...

Страница 72: ...7 Nuclides Measurement Types Display of the Nuclides Measurement Types Table with edit ing option After selecting this menu option the first 4 nu clides measurement types of the nuclide measurement ty...

Страница 73: ...beta probe The next two displays show examples of measurement types for a dose rate probe Figure 6 11 The first eight nuclide entries for a doserate probe Contents of the nuclide measurement type tabl...

Страница 74: ...e name active radiation type mass number unit two calibration factors A 100 according to DIN 25415 and ISO according to DIN ISO 7503 1 one alarm threshold for the measured value one alarm threshold fo...

Страница 75: ...t type mark the menu item Active with an X by pressing the ENTER key The selected nuclide measure ment type can then be set directly in a measurement Press the Enter key again to clear the selection E...

Страница 76: ...only one calibration factor Alarm threshold An alarm threshold can be set for the individual nu clides measurement types If the stored alarm threshold is exceeded during a measure ment the measured va...

Страница 77: ...xceeded Integral unit Here the unit of the integral value is entered as text e g Sv mrem counts or pulses Time base During the measurement the current integral value or the dose and the integration ti...

Страница 78: ...In the first case the alpha and beta channel are shown the same size Figure 6 17 Display mode In the second case the alpha channel result is displayed large and the result of the beta channel will app...

Страница 79: ...4 with the stick On the other hand the pa rameters on the USB stick can be read and archived by this PC program The data memory can be operated in two different modes On the one hand as a finite memor...

Страница 80: ...tively one page is used for each measured value Figure 6 20 Options on the Memory menu Show Memory Shows the current memory contents on the display Memory contents of alpha beta contamination probe in...

Страница 81: ...ows Write data to USB stick successful Para USB Stick Writes all parameters to the USB stick The display shows Write data to USB stick successful USB Stick Para Writes all parameters from the USB Stic...

Страница 82: ...an check and set the date and time This time infor mation is used when storing the measured values If the memory with the time information is deleted e g by stor ing the LB 134 without batteries the d...

Страница 83: ...tomatically when the time preset here is over 6 11 6 Backlight Here you can enter the brightness for the display backlight You can choose Bright Medium and Dark If no key is pressed for 60 seconds th...

Страница 84: ...6 31 Display when working with batteries When Accu has been set the following display appears Figure 6 32 Display when working with rechargeable batteries Battery Type Battery or Accu Here you can spe...

Страница 85: ...charge is at 80 or higher Caution The charge function is active only when the device is turned on Charge Mode Here you can set the charge mode X Only with setting Accu Charge Time Enter the duration...

Страница 86: ...ctor used is displayed here it may also be the internal dose rate probe LB 1346 This parameter cannot be edited Ser No Detector The serial number of the detector is entered at the factory or taken fro...

Страница 87: ...0 ms and the battery life of the battery rechargeable batteries is significantly prolonged Vinculum Prog On To program the USB Vinculum chip in the final testing in the factory this parameter must be...

Страница 88: ...arge alpha values large and beta values on the info bar beta values large and alpha values on the info bar Transmissions for alpha and beta channel Display or entry of a factor that takes into account...

Страница 89: ...stored spe cific to the nuclide or specific to the measurement mode in the nuclide measurement type table and can be edited 6 13 Ticks Here the measuring channel radiation type can be set in which ac...

Страница 90: ...d edit the parameters Figure 6 36 Menus to enable functions Figure 6 37 Selection rights for the menus The device supervisor should carefully consider which menu mode is suitable for his area of work...

Страница 91: ...ers The resulting light flashes are passed on directly or bundled by a suitable reflec tor to the photomultiplier The current state of the art Up to now sandwich detectors consisting of two layers wer...

Страница 92: ...ce Results can be displayed either as a count rate cps counts per second or as area activities Bq cm A metal grid protects the entrance window of the detector against damage Currently two scintillator...

Страница 93: ...is required to check and change the high voltage this work must be carried out by experienced service personnel 7 2 1 Cleaning the Detector Window of Contamination Probes with Scintillator The window...

Страница 94: ...ice for 12 hours to allow the phosphorescence to de cay Proceed as follows Change the foil in a darkened room semi darkness as the photomultiplier and the scintillator will be exposed to light in the...

Страница 95: ...ectable Beta channel 100cps Spillover Alpha into beta channel Po 210 20 Beta into alpha channel Sr 90 2 10 5 Measuring range linearity devia tion error 10 Alpha channel 0 5 000cps Beta channel 0 50 00...

Страница 96: ...th its entrance window made of a very thin titanium foil can only measure beta gamma radiation the LB 1233 with its very thin entrance window made of a Mylar foil can in addition measure alpha radiati...

Страница 97: ...d water The 8 pin cable connection from the basic unit LB 134 is waterproof The protective case accommodates an electronic board con tamination probe adapter which is connected to the respective count...

Страница 98: ...contamination probes Detector LB 1231 LB 1233 Xenon P10 Gas Beta HV 1850 V 1800 V Alpha HV 1100 V A service adapter is required to check and change the high voltage this work must be carried out by ex...

Страница 99: ...counter tube is facing you Make sure that the valves are pushed into each other at the end you have to overcome a slight resistance until they fit together perfectly Thus the valves will catch and ope...

Страница 100: ...gas for alpha and also for beta sources as a function of the time The average loss in efficiency for beta sources is 0 1 h The average loss in efficiency for alpha sources is 0 05 h The diagram illust...

Страница 101: ...connect the other end to your gas source pressure reducer of gas bottle or central gas supply system see Figure 7 7 5 Connect the outlet valve with the rotameter 6 Attach another piece of hose to the...

Страница 102: ...the square screen frame onto which the foil is glued see Figure 7 9 Do not pull the rubber seal ring out of the groove and do not damage it 4 Check if all 6 counting wires inside the counter are stre...

Страница 103: ...stationary operation 7 3 3 Counter Tube Change The counter tube attached to the hand probe case by snap locks can easily be changed without any tools A counter tube must be replaced if you want to sw...

Страница 104: ...nSv h 10 mSv h is available for gamma dose rate measurements with external probe It consists of a preamplifier HV generator in a cylindrical case which also serves as a handle and the firmly installe...

Страница 105: ...d by the software and the re spective parameters are loaded If there is a detector failure defect the entire probe has to be replaced The counter tubes cannot be replaced by the custom er but only by...

Страница 106: ...equivalent dose conversion factors by ICRP 60 The LB 6411 neutron probe can be used both as a portable monitor and as a stationary measuring device Major areas of applica tion are in the nuclear fiel...

Страница 107: ...to 100 mSv h Cs 137 gamma field Temperature range 10 to 50 C 7 6 Neutron Survey Meter LB 6414 The LB 6414 is a portable survey monitor for neutron radiation with extremely high sensitivity The energy...

Страница 108: ...h per cps for Cf 252 source Dimensions 310 mm x 180 mm x 130 mm LxWxH Weight 3850 g Typical background 0 06 cps 7 7 Nal Scintillation Counter Probe LB 1234 The NaI Scintillation Counter Probe LB 1234...

Страница 109: ...rge sensi tive preamplifier with discriminator 7 8 Activity Probe for Solid Samples LB 1238 The proportional end window probe LB 1238 is used for activity measurements it is suitable for alpha beta me...

Страница 110: ...ow counter tube Entrance window Mica window about 2 mg cm Energy range Alpha from 3 MeV Beta from 40 keV Responsiveness Am 241 approx 18 Sr 90 approx 46 Protective grid Covers approx 30 Background Alp...

Страница 111: ...obe LB 1239 Aperture plate drwg 20110 100 012 to be placed on top of the Tritium probe held in position by magnets Trolley drawing 1656 300 000 with gas shut off valve and gas flow meter rotameter wit...

Страница 112: ...a P10 gas supply tubing The user friendly assembly of the instruments on a trolley with P10 gas cylinder as gas supply and a console for the Tritium probe with automatic gas shut off ensures simple an...

Страница 113: ...counter tube using P10 gas as counting gas for operation approx 2000 cm min The counting gas enters the probe via a transparent PVC tubing and exits at the window opening building up a layer of gas be...

Страница 114: ...tic layout of the gas cycle Double pressure reducer valve Valve rotameter bottom Rotameter top probe Setting the gas flow 1 The tubing is connected correctly The probe is in the hold er on the console...

Страница 115: ...pipe starting at the wheel axle and ending in the trolley handle It al so supports the console for the measuring instruments The console is equipped with holders for the Tritium probe right and a pro...

Страница 116: ...the gas valve when inserting the probe 7 9 6 Commissioning of Tritium Probe Sdfsf 1 Remove the transport packaging and check the equip ment parts for completeness and integrity Installing the P10 gas...

Страница 117: ...front side of the probe against the pivots and then push the rear panel down against the tapered bar Connecting cables and tubing 7 Place the transparent PVC tubing which is already fixed to the valv...

Страница 118: ...tium take the probe out of the holding device and place it onto the surface being measured The measured Tritium activity is indicated on the LB 134 display If necessary run a test measurement using th...

Страница 119: ...estrained leaking out of the counting gases from parts of the window opening Please move the counter tube slowly when scanning the surface Measuring irregular areas clothing finger tips wipe tests For...

Страница 120: ...n the count rate which are not due to the instrument itself The Tritium half life of 12 26 years must also be taken into account see the table below Upon request the 3H calibration source TRR 16161 10...

Страница 121: ...example the table top from above At the same time this ensures that the minimum distance is kept When surfaces to be monitored are not horizontal or flat or if they do not fully cover the window openi...

Страница 122: ...5 Ci cm per cps with aperture plate exceeding the size of the window opening With a background of approx 1 s 1 this results in the following detection limits for 3H substances at a statistical safety...

Страница 123: ...ut the spiral cable connecting the Tritium probe to the LB 134 3 Insert the spiral cable of the probe into the LB 134 sock et 4 Turn the LB 134 on The software identifies the connected probe and sets...

Страница 124: ...es is included with the device The battery compartment located on the back of the monitor is closed by a cover plate Pull the cover downward to take it off Replace the batteries as shown in Figure 8 1...

Страница 125: ...n the menu Parameters Power Supply Charge Mode have been set accordingly In the mean time measurements can be performed because the device op erates with mains voltage in this operation mode The charg...

Страница 126: ...rate 0 T Background measuring time The gross count rate in the ratemeter mode is calculated using an exponential weighting according to the formula 1 1 b b R W R W R The weighing factor W is determine...

Страница 127: ...b R R in percent is to be reached t in the above formula must be re placed by 1 1 2 1 2 b c R T Preset accuracy is recommended for higher count rates 100 cps and higher If the count rate changes stat...

Страница 128: ...120 Accuracy preset accuracy P 3 0 Sigma factor S 4 0 Nuclide with calibration factor K K Net Preset time constant t W 1 for c T t c T W 1 for c T t Preset accuracy t W 1 for 100 P R R b b c T W 1 for...

Страница 129: ...mode all measured values in a given time interval are combined to form an arithmetic average There are three stop criteria for the time interval a Time Here the measurement runs until the set time in...

Страница 130: ...wn activity per cm2 is used standard ized to 100 cm2 and measured with the LB 134 The result of the measurement is converted using the formula into Bq cm2 cps A calibration source activity in Bq cm2 R...

Страница 131: ...tion CAL W N 1 6 Bgrd Sample CAL Surface R R N A 7 source Detection Bgrd Sample Surface W R R A 8 Bq cm In this formula the area W is explicitly included therefore use for the emission rate q2 the tot...

Страница 132: ...activity is lost 3 Measure the calibration source with a measurement time of 60 seconds 4 Calculate the constant C using the formula given above 5 Enter the calibration factor determined in the param...

Страница 133: ...d on the measurement method e g Bq cm or Sv h etc Basic formula for activity Statistical total error including uncertainty in the calibration factor 2 2 2 2 Decision threshold 1 65 1 1 Detection limit...

Страница 134: ...5 9 11 00 0 091 0 094 0 192 Cl 36 b g 0 50 100 68 7 58 40 0 017 0 018 0 036 K 40 b g 0 50 10 74 7 63 53 0 016 0 017 0 034 K 42 b g 0 50 10 74 9 63 66 0 016 0 017 0 034 Ca 45 b g 0 25 100 38 1 16 18 0...

Страница 135: ...19 0 038 U 238sec b g 0 25 1 107 3 45 61 0 022 0 023 0 047 Pu 238 b g 0 25 0 1 7 8 3 31 0 302 0 311 0 638 Am 241 b g 0 25 0 1 11 8 5 01 0 200 0 206 0 423 Po 210 a 0 25 1 42 3 17 99 0 056 0 006 0 017 U...

Страница 136: ...37 5 76 9 Mn 54 b g 0 50 1 0 80 0 80 1 250 1 288 2 643 Fe 55 b g 0 50 100 0 04 0 04 26 667 27 5 56 4 Co 57 b g 0 50 10 3 6 3 64 0 275 0 283 0 581 Co 58 b g 0 50 1 8 4 8 42 0 119 0 122 0 251 Fe 59 b g...

Страница 137: ...25 0 1 5 6 5 57 0 180 0 185 0 380 Po 210 a 0 25 1 21 6 21 60 0 046 0 005 0 014 U 238sec a 0 25 1 27 8 27 79 0 036 0 004 0 011 Pu 238 a 0 25 0 1 20 7 20 68 0 048 0 005 0 015 Pu 239 a 0 25 0 1 18 3 18 2...

Страница 138: ...e 59 Beta Gamma 0 095 Beta Gamma 0 052 Co 60 Beta Gamma 0 105 Beta Gamma 0 096 Ga 67 Beta Gamma 0 251 Beta Gamma 0 115 Se 75 Beta Gamma 0 241 Beta Gamma 0 111 Sr 89 Beta Gamma 0 044 Beta Gamma 0 026 S...

Страница 139: ...mma 0 313 0 208 Co 58 Beta Gamma 0 233 0 157 Fe 59 Beta Gamma 0 079 0 053 C0 60 Beta Gamma 0 088 0 116 Ga 67 Beta Gamma 0 208 0 139 Se 75 Beta Gamma 0 200 0 133 Sr 85 Beta Gamma 0 417 0 278 Rb 86 Beta...

Страница 140: ...LB 134 11 Appendix 130 U 238 Beta Gamma 0 025 0 061 Pu 238 Beta Gamma 0 112 0 069 Pu 239 Beta Gamma 0 152 0 100 Am 241 Beta Gamma 0 089 0 056...

Страница 141: ...57 Beta Gamma 0 263 0 088 Co 58 Beta Gamma 0 124 0 041 Fe 59 Beta Gamma 0 030 0 010 Co 60 Beta Gamma 0 035 0 023 Ni 63 Beta Gamma 2 083 1 383 Ga 67 Beta Gamma 0 082 0 027 Se 75 Beta Gamma 0 171 0 057...

Страница 142: ...134 11 Appendix 132 Am 241 Alpha 0 046 0 029 Po 210 Alpha 0 044 0 030 U 238sec Alpha 0 033 0 040 Pu 238 Alpha 0 045 0 028 Pu 239 Alpha 0 055 0 087 Am 241 Alpha 0 046 0 029 Alpha total Alpha 0 050 0 0...

Страница 143: ...th F2C Cycle number 1 2000 ushort Status 12 character ASCII Hex Sample measurement time sec 1 9999 ushort Nuclide name Measurement type name 1 Text 7 Measured value 1 float Unit 1 Text 6 Integral valu...

Страница 144: ...1 Clearance in progress 3 2 0 1 Measurement in progress 1 0 1 Background in progress 8 0 1 4 4 0 1 2 0 1 1 when data above measuring range 2 1 0 1 1 when data above measuring range 1 8 0 1 Mean value...

Страница 145: ...checksum empty if no checksum 00 FF 8 Bit checksum CR carriage return Minimum length 20 maximum 255 The stars must always be included even if CSM is empty The LB 134 answers with TDV and FDV being ex...

Страница 146: ...very specific individual data e g from the FIFO not in operation 11 5 3 Command Overview The following commands can be sent from a host computer The structure is as described above Only the content i...

Страница 147: ...NNNN Set serial number device as ULONG 13 00 NN Set baud rate 1 2 3 4 5 14 00 NN Number of implemented detectors read only FIFO operations 01 01 01 00 Read current measured data from FIFO WR 01 01 01...

Страница 148: ...a 02 13 nn 00 float Set measuring range high alpha 02 13 nn 01 float Set measuring range high beta 02 16 nn 00 float Set control voltage HVcntrl 02 17 nn 00 NNNN Set fail time in s 02 18 nn 00 float S...

Страница 149: ...des of detector read only 02 42 nn 00 NN Number of nuclides of detector read only Remarks For data format number any entry is permitted e g 123 3 45 For integer only integers without commas may be ent...

Страница 150: ...ime Nuclide1 M Value1 unit1 Intvalue1 Intunit1 Nuclide2 M value2 unit2 Intvalue2 Intunit2 IntTime Rawdata1 Background1 Rawdata2 Background2 No Zycles LB1346 Checksume Example for transferred data duri...

Страница 151: ...2015 4 36 23 10 s a Netto 0 10000 cps 100 0 0 0 cts 0 0 h LB1342 ZT bg Netto 8 351 cps 10 9 0 0 cts 0 0 h 22 02 2015 4 36 33 10 s a Netto 0 0 cps 100 0 0 0 cts 0 0 h LB1342 ZT bg Netto 8 067 cps 11 1...

Страница 152: ...er is open The following PCB layout of the processor board shows the position of jumper J3 Figure 11 1 Position of jumper J3 11 7 Pin Assignment of the Fischer Sockets 11 pin Fischer socket external p...

Страница 153: ...e for RS485 6 Ground Figure 11 2 Pin assignment of the 6 pin Fischer socket type DEU104A065 130 3 pin jack plug socket Connection for standard headphones 3 pin For 3 5 mm diameter plug 3 pin power sup...

Страница 154: ...ork with Multiple LB 134 as Dose Rate Monitor RS485 to USB or RS232 adapter 120 Ohm 120 Ohm Earth Ground Additional monitors up to 31 Connection boxes Cable length 1000 m Shielded twisted pair cable A...

Страница 155: ...9 Ah Ni MH rechargeable batteries LB 134 internal DR 10 h 2 6 Ah batteries LB 134 internal DR 15 h Communication USB interfaces Host for USB stick device for PC connection Meas modes for all probes Se...

Страница 156: ...mode 16 Charging rechargeable batteries 115 Commissioning 25 Connections 15 Contamination measurements 38 39 Control measurement 26 Control source 22 Correlation circuit 82 Counter Timer 61 Counter T...

Страница 157: ...16 22 Push buttons function 34 R Radiation entrance window 83 Radiation Protection Ordinance 66 RAM 20 Ratemeter 59 Ratemeter function 117 Ratemeter mode 9 Rechargeable batteries 16 74 Replacing the...

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