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XXiv. alKalinity, harDness anD lsi FUnctiOns

A. Alkalinity and Hardness Titrations

The 9P uses a conductometric method of titration. This means that

instead of measuring a color or pH change, it measures the change in

conductivity when reagent is added. The way the sample solution behaves

is compared to the behavior of solutions of known alkalinity or hardness

under the same conditions. The equivalence point is determined from

the known data curve that best matches the experimental data.

Langelier Saturation Index

The LSI calculator and titration functions use a calcium carbonate

saturation index algorithm developed by Dr. Wilfred Langelier in 1936:

SI = PH + TF + CF + AF – 12.1

Where:

PH = pH value

TF = 0.0117 x Temperature value – 0.4116

CF = 0.4341 x ln(Hardness value) – 0.3926

AF = 0.4341 x ln(Alkalinity value) – 0.0074

The following is a general industry guideline for interpreting LSI values:

• An index between -0.5 and +0.5 indicates balanced water

• An index of more than +0.5 indicates scale-forming water

• An index below -0.5 indicates corrosive water

You can use the calculator to adjust any of the water balance

parameter variables used in the calculation to analyze the effect of the

change on water balance.

The LSI titration function generates an accurate saturation index value

that indicates the state of the system at the time the calculation is

made.

C. Hardness Units

nOte:

The 9P MUST be in the

HARDNESS FUNCTION

or the

hardness screen (“

hrd”

) in LSI CALCULATOR or LSI TITRATION

mode for hardness unit preference selection.

The hardness unit preference is set simultaneously for all three

functions that capture a hardness value. That means when you set the

preference in one function, it is set for the other two functions at the

same time.

Distributed by Applied Membranes, Inc. www.appliedmembranes.com

Содержание MYRON L COMPANY Ultrameter III 9PTK

Страница 1: ...50 Business Park Dr Vista CA 92081 760 727 3711 760 727 4427 www appliedmembranes com sales appliedmembranes com Industry Leader in RO Expertise and Membrane Applications since 1983 Distributed By Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 2: ...Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 3: ... 10 buffer 10 Model PH102OZ 2oz bottle of pH ORP Sensor Storage Solution 11 Model SS2OZ 2oz bottle of alkalinity Reagent A1 12 Model H2SO4 12OZ 2oz bottle of hardness Reagent C1 13 Model HCL 32OZ 2oz bottle of hardness Reagent H1 14 Model NAOH2OZ 2oz bottle of hardness Reagent H2 15 Model EDTA LC2OZ 2oz bottle of hardness Reagent H3 16 Model EDTA HC2OZ 2oz bottle of ORP ISA Sensor Conditioner 17 M...

Страница 4: ...ii Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 5: ...V Please Note Although the Myron L Company has performed extensive testing we cannot guarantee compatibility of all applications and formats We suggest testing your application and format for compatibility before relying on it For your convenience a brief set of instructions is provided on the bottom side of your Ultrameter III A small waterproof card with abbreviated instructions is also included...

Страница 6: ... Clock with Time and Date Data Logging with TIME and DATE in memory Memory stores 100 readings User adjustable timeout Auto OFF Bluetooth wireless download capability with optional bluDock accessory package B General Specifications Display 4 Digit LCD Dimensions LxWxH 196 x 68 x 64 mm 7 7 x 2 7 x 2 5 in Weight 352 g 12 4 oz Case Material VALOX Cond Res TDS Cell Material VALOX Cond TDS Electrodes 4...

Страница 7: ...ter sanitized by chlorine only when 5 pH 9 D Warranty Service The Myron L Ultrameter III excluding the pH ORP sensor has a Two 2 Year Limited Warranty The pH ORP sensor has a Six 6 Month Limited Warranty for materials and workmanship If an instrument fails to operate properly see Troubleshooting Chart pgs 52 53 The battery pH ORP sensor and cell extender are user replaceable For other service retu...

Страница 8: ...oduct improvement the substance and style of this manual may change When changes are made the updated manual is posted for download in PDF format from the Myron L Website www myronl com Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 9: ...e pH ORP Sensor 11 V SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED MEASURING PROCEDURES 11 A Parameter Methods 11 B Titration Methods 11 1 Pipette Instructions 12 2 T plunger Instructions 13 3 Mixing Solution in Cell 13 C Measuring Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids TDS 14 D Measuring Resistivity 14 E Measuring Alkalinity 14 F Measuring Hardness 16 1 Hardness Unit Selection 16 2 Hardness Titration Procedure 16 G LSI Calc...

Страница 10: ...e Calibration 35 VIII CALIBRATION INTERVALS 35 A Suggested Intervals 35 B Calibration Tracking Records 36 C Conductivity RES TDS Practices 36 D pH and ORP Free Chlorine Practices 36 IX MEMORY 36 A Memory Storage 37 B Memory Recall 37 C Clearing a Record Memory Clear 37 X TIME and DATE 38 A Setting TIME 38 B Setting DATE 39 C DATE FORMAT US International Int 40 XI TEMPERATURE FORMAT Centigrade Fahr...

Страница 11: ... Aqueous Solutions 56 A Standardized to 25 C 56 B Tempco Variation 57 C An Example of 2 different solution selections and the resulting compensation 57 D A Chart of Comparative Error 58 E Other Solutions 59 XXI CONDUCTIVITY CONVERSION to TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TDS 59 A How it s Done 59 B Solution Characteristics 59 C When does it make a lot of difference 60 XXII TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Tempco and...

Страница 12: ...sy accurate measurements by simply pressing a key All functions are performed one key at a time There is no off key If the instrument remains inactive for 15 seconds after you press any parameter key user adjustable up to 75 seconds the instrument turns itself off The instrument turns itself off after 60 seconds of inactivity in CAL mode 3 minutes of inactivity in each titration screen and 60 seco...

Страница 13: ...ge will only show in the display c TDS Key A press of displays Total Dissolved Solids with units on the right This is a display of the concentration of ionized material calculated from compensated conductivity using the characteristics of a known material On the left is shown solution type selected for TDS ref Solution Selection pg 22 3 Alkalinity Hardness and LSI Keys These 3 keys enter the unit ...

Страница 14: ...onductivity TDS or pH a press of allows you to enter the calibration mode Once in CAL mode a press of this key accepts the new value If no more calibration options follow the instrument returns to measuring ref Leaving Calibration pg 27 If is held down for about 3 seconds CAL mode is not entered but SEL appears to allow Solution Selection ref pg 22 with the Up or Down keys As in calibration the CA...

Страница 15: ...st saturated KCl solution pH 4 buffer or a saturated solution of table salt and tap water ref pH and ORP Practices to Maintain Calibration pg 36 NEVER use distilled water If all ORP solutions are reporting approximately the same value clean ONLY the platinum ORP electrode with an MLC ORP conditioner soaked cotton swab being careful not to touch the swab to the glass bulb of the pH sensor V SPECIFI...

Страница 16: ... the different positions a To DRAW a sample Grasp the pipette by the shaft with your hand Rest your thumb on top of the plunger button Use your thumb to depress the top of the pipette to the FIRST STOP Insert the tip end down into sample until only the tip is submerged about 2 3mm 1 8 Slowly release the top and let it return to the REST position being careful to keep the tip submerged b ToDISPENSE...

Страница 17: ...er When the T plunger is completely out of solution tap the T plunger once firmly on the rim of the cell extender to dispel any clinging solution back into the cell Remove the T plunger completely from the cell area 3 Mixing Solution in Cell a Agitate When the display says to agitate AGit Grasp the instrument on both sides of the keypad keypad facing up with your hands so you don t accidentally dr...

Страница 18: ... aeration 4 Press key use best reading NOTE If reading is lower than 10 kilohms display will be dashes Measure solution Conductivity instead E Measuring Alkalinity Prepare the materials required for titration Reagent A1 cell extender T plunger and 100 µL pipette with a clean tip installed NOTE If you do not complete each titration point within the 3 minute timeout period the unit exits the Alkalin...

Страница 19: ...AL will display when the reading stabilizes 9 Press CAL to accept and advance to the first titration prompt Add alternating with A1 displays then AGit t1 alternating with HOLd displays The number after t indicates which titration point you are on The number 1 here indicates this is the first titration point Subsequent titration points are sequenced numerically 2 3 4 etc 10 Using the pipette add 10...

Страница 20: ... H1 Reagent H2 Reagent H3 cell extender T plunger 100 µL pipette with a clean tip installed and two extra clean tips NOTE If you do not complete each titration point within the 3 minute timeout period the unit exits the Hardness function Press HARD to start the titration process over from step 1 Between titrations the unit will automatically power off after the period of inactivity defined in the ...

Страница 21: ...ger firmly tap the side of the instrument closest to the conductivity cell to release any CO2 bubbles clinging to the conductivity cell cell cup extender wall This effectively reduces any bicarbonate alkalinity in the sample and prepares it for titration After 120 seconds Add alternating with H1 1 will display The 1 indicates the first addition of sodium hydroxide Then AGit alternating with HOLd w...

Страница 22: ...g the pipette agitating and holding the unit as prompted then pressing CAL as prompted A hardness value will display when the titration measurement is complete 24 Note the hardness value for your records or press MS to store the value You can begin another Hardness titration by pressing HARD The unit will automatically power off after the period of inactivity defined in the AUTO OFF setting ref AU...

Страница 23: ...s displayed 6 Press CAL to accept value and advance to the hardness value screen The last stored hardness value is displayed 7 Press CAL to accept value and advance to the pH value screen The last stored pH value is displayed 8 Press CAL to accept value and advance to the temperature value screen The last stored temperature value taken from the last stored hardness or alkalinity titration is displ...

Страница 24: ...played 8 Press UP or DOWN to adjust the temperature value or leave as displayed 9 Press CAL to accept and calculate LSI A saturation index value will display If you want to modify any of the input values and recalculate LSI based on those changes press CAL again and repeat steps 3 9 If you want to change hardness units you must do so in the hardness parameter See Hardness Unit Selection pg 16 H Me...

Страница 25: ...pm free chlorine Use ORP to measure the effectiveness of all oxidizing and reducing sanitizers such as ozone bromine and chlorine Use Free Chlorine in systems sanitized by chlorine only To select between ORP and Free Chlorine modes 1 Press 2 Press and hold for approximately 3 seconds The current preference for ORP units of measure is displayed Factory setting for this preference is mV 3 Press the ...

Страница 26: ...solution you intend to measure by allowing the solution to flow into and out of the sensor well and cell cup for at least 10 seconds 4 Refill both sensor well and cell cup with sample 5 Press 6 Take reading Annunciators alert you when the concentration is outside the specified measurement range Or over range will display when the concentration is over the range limit 10 00 ppm 7 Press MS to store ...

Страница 27: ...h of the 4 solution types Note that calibration of a 442 solution does not affect the calibration of a NaCl solution For example Calibration ref Conductivity or TDS Calibration pg 27 is performed separately for each type of solution one wishes to measure ref Conductivity TDS Standard Solutions pg 54 D Procedure to Select a Solution NOTE Check display to see if solution displayed KCl NaCl 442 or Us...

Страница 28: ...selected press You may now adjust a temperature compensation from 00 C to 9 99 C by pressing or See example in Figure 2 c Press twice to skip calibration adjustment and accept the new tempco 3 times if in TDS mode You are now ready to measure samples with your new temperature compensation factor 2 Disabling Temperature Compensation a Select User mode ref Procedure to Select a Solution pg 23 b With...

Страница 29: ...th the Ultrameter III and divide the ppm value by the µS value For example a solution of known 75 ppm TDS and measured 100 µS conductivity at 25ºC would have a conversion ratio of 75 100 or 0 75 Enter the new conversion ratio as follows a While in User mode press b Press twice to skip over tempco adjustment and RATIO will appear see Figure 4 c Adjust with or key until new conversion ratio is displ...

Страница 30: ...en Gain pH 7 acid and or base ORP Zero set with pH 7 automatically Alkalinity Gain Only Hardness Gain Only a Starting Calibration For Alkalinity and Hardness calibration is begun by pressing when the titration is complete and a value displays For Conductivity TDS or pH calibration is begun by pressing while measuring Conductivity TDS or pH Measuring continues but the CAL icon is on indicating cali...

Страница 31: ...nit by the factory will cause the displayed value to be replaced with FAC If you accept it press the CAL key you will have the original default factory calibration for this measurement The need to calibrate so far out that FAC appears indicates a procedural problem incorrect standard solution a very dirty cell cup or an aging pH ORP sensor ref Troubleshooting Chart pg 52 C Calibration Procedures 1...

Страница 32: ...Conductivity To calibrate resistivity calibrate conductivity for the solution type you wish to measure ref Conductivity or TDS Calibration pg 27 4 Reloading Factory Calibration Cond or TDS If calibration is suspect or known to be incorrect and no standard solution is available the calibration value can be replaced with the original factory value for that solution This FAC value is the same for all...

Страница 33: ... obtain a reading 1 Ensure pH protective cap is secure to avoid contamination 2 Install the cell extender by pushing the base of the cell extender into the conductivity cell until it is fully seated 3 Rinse the conductivity cell cup and cell extender 3 times with Alkalinity Standard 100PPM 4 Refill cell cup and cell extender with Alkalinity Standard 100PPM 5 Insert T plunger into open cell extende...

Страница 34: ... pressing CAL as prompted An alkalinity value will display when the titration measurement is complete 14 Press CAL The CAL icon will display 15 Adjust the displayed value to 100 using the UP or DOWN key The unit will not allow you to scroll up or down to 100 if it is beyond 10 of the reading Ref Total Return to Factory Settings FAC SEL pg 41 to reset the Alkalinity Calibration to the FAC setting a...

Страница 35: ...aining sample Tap the T plunger on the side of the cell extender to remove sample that may be stuck to the T plunger 8 Press CA alternating with tdS displays along with PPM sample value PrES CAL displays when the reading stabilizes 9 Press CAL Add alternating with C1 will display then AGit alternating with HOLd will display 10 Using the pipette add 100µL of Reagent C1 to the sample close the cell ...

Страница 36: ...he cell extender cap securely to prevent any solution from spilling out then agitate and hold Repeat as prompted PrES CAL will display 18 Press CAL to advance to first titration prompt Add alternating with either EdTA LC Reagent H2 or EdTA HC Reagent H3 will display then AGit t1 alternating with HOLd will display The number after t indicates which titration point you are on The number 1 here indic...

Страница 37: ...fers i e 4 and or 10 etc a pH Zero Calibration 1 Rinse sensor well and cell cup 3 times with 7 buffer solution 2 Refill both sensor well and cell cup with 7 buffer solution 3 Press to verify the pH calibration If the display shows 7 00 skip the pH Zero Calibration and proceed to section b pH Gain Calibration 4 Press to enter calibration mode The CAL BUFFER and 7 annunciators will appear see Figure...

Страница 38: ...asurement key b pH Gain Calibration Important Always calibrate or verify your Ultrameter III with a pH 7 buffer solution before adjusting the gain with acid or base buffers i e 4 and or 10 etc Either acid or base solution can be used for the 2nd point Gain calibration and then the opposite for the 3rd point The display will verify that a buffer is in the sensor well by displaying either Acd or bAS...

Страница 39: ...P Calibration ORP electrodes rarely give false readings without problems in the reference electrode For this reason and because calibration solutions for ORPare highly reactive and potentially hazardous your Ultrameter III has an electronic ORP calibration This causes the zero point on the reference electrode to be set whenever pH 7 calibration is done 9 Temperature Calibration Temperature calibra...

Страница 40: ...ample of 2 different solution selections and the resulting compensation pg 57 and you calibrate with 442 solution because it is handy the further away from 25 C you are the more error you have Your records of calibration changes will reflect temperature changes more than the instrument s accuracy 3 Rinse out the cell with pure water after taking measurements Allowing slow dissolving crystals to fo...

Страница 41: ...location desired the temperature display alternates between temperature recorded and location number 4 Press to display time and date stamp 5 Press any measurement key to leave memory recall or allow to automatically turn off C Clearing a Record Memory Clear After recalling a certain record location press and HOLD to clear that memory This space will be the place for the next memory record unless ...

Страница 42: ...l be displayed see Figure 10 7 Press All records will be cleared X TIME and DATE The Time and Date may easily be changed as you travel A Setting TIME Time is always displayed in 24 hour time Example shown in Figure 11 16 05 equals 4 05 PM 1 Press 2 Press until the time is displayed scrolling through stored readings PC OFF and CLr ALL to time e g 16 05 3 Press to initiate CAL will be displayed alon...

Страница 43: ...ate format may be changed ref Date Format US and International Int pg 40 1 Press 2 Press repeatedly until the date is displayed scrolling through stored readings PC OFF CLr ALL and time to the date e g 03 05 10 Figure 12 March 5 2010 3 Press to initiate CAL will be displayed along with the YEAR see Figure 13 Figure 13 CAL Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 44: ... change the day 9 Press to accept the change new day see Figure 15 C DATE FORMAT US International Int 1 Press 2 Press repeatedly until the format is displayed scrolling through stored readings PC OFF CLr ALL time and date to date format 3 Press to change Display will now indicate other format see Figures 16 17 Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 45: ...nce for all temperature readings NOTE Tempco will still be shown in C XII TOTAL RETURN to FACTORY SETTINGS FAC SEL There may come a time when it would be desirable to quickly reset all the recorded calibration values in the instrument back to the factory settings This might be to ensure all calibrations are set to a known value or to give the instrument to someone else free of adjustments or recor...

Страница 46: ...cell cup is dry the sensor is probably clean However when testing high purity water in resistivity RES mode improved accuracy may be desired No matter what a manufacturer claims a sensor can and will become contaminated or coated and therefore require cleaning A true 4 wire sensor as in the Ultrameter III helps to mitigate contamination but NO sensor is 100 immune 1 Press 2 Press to display the st...

Страница 47: ... after each press of a key Default time is 15 seconds with 60 seconds in CAL calibration mode 1 Press 2 Press to display the stored memory records 3 Press repeatedly until you pass the CELL ch location The display will show Auto oFF see Figure 24 4 Press to initiate CAL will be displayed along with 15 SEC or current Auto oFF value see Figure 25 Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembr...

Страница 48: ...nd KCl are linked a KCI standard solution is used to calibrate the instrument It is that simple A Calibration of Ultrameter III for use in User mode 1 Press or key 2 Calibrate the unit using a Standard Solution ref CALIBRATION pg 26 3 Place the Ultrameter III in User mode ref SOLUTION SELECTION pg 22 4 Verify Set the calibration linc See below Setting User Mode Calibration Linc B Setting User mode...

Страница 49: ... 3 Press arrow key until the menu Linc appears see Figure 27 4 Press key The instrument will display SEL and the User Icon see Figure 28 Any additional display of KCl NaCl or 442 icons indicates a Linc between the User solution and the other solution displayed 5 Press or keys to select a Standard Solution to be linked to the User mode calibration constant see Figure 29 User is linked to KCl Distri...

Страница 50: ...Ultrameter III must be in User linked mode in order to cancel the Linc ref Solution Selection pg 22 1 Press Linked measurement key or Two solution icons will be shown in the left side of display User and another e g KCl 2 Press key until the menu Linc appears see Figure 27 3 Press key the instrument will display both SEL and the User Icon 4 Press key until User is the only solution icon being disp...

Страница 51: ...e wirelessly with a personal computer configured for wireless device communication Package also includes U2CI software application that will operate on Windows XP Vista and 7 and Macintosh OSX based computer systems and Bluetooth USB adapter dongle for computers that do not have Bluetooth capability A Software Installation 1 Place Myron L Ultrameter III U2CI Installation CD v2 0 0 later into your ...

Страница 52: ...nitializing see Figure 32 4 Add bluDock to your Bluetooth devices per your operating system procedure The bluDock device passkey is 1234 5 After pairing note the number of the COM port assigned by the computer In Windows XP note the number of the outgoing COM port assigned by the computer NOTE The unit will automatically power down after 60 sec If the unit powers down during pairing repeat steps 1...

Страница 53: ...tions http myronl com main U2CI_Application_DL htm 4 Upon completion click on the disconnect icon 5 Turn off Ultrameter III PC download mode by selecting any measurement function Failure to do so will reduce battery life Windows 2000 2007 XP Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Macintosh OS9 2 OSX are registered trademarks of Apple Computer Inc XVII CARE and MAINTENANCE Ultrame...

Страница 54: ...sor D Cleaning Sensors 1 Conductivity TDS Resistivity The conductivity cell cup should be kept as clean as possible Flushing with clean water following use will prevent buildup on electrodes However if very dirty samples particularly scaling types are allowed to dry in the cell cup a film will form This film reduces accuracy When there are visible films of oil dirt or scale in the cell cup or on t...

Страница 55: ...well and refill it with Myron L Storage Solution to extend the useful life of the sensor If unavailable you can use a saturated KCl solution pH 4 buffer or a saturated solution of table salt and tap water Samples containing chlorine sulfur or ammonia can poison any pH electrode If it is necessary to measure the pH of any such sample thoroughly rinse the sensor well with clean water immediately aft...

Страница 56: ...e to memory of solution in pH sensor well for long periods 2 Bulb dirty or dried out 3 Reference junction clogged or coated Unstable Conductivity TDS Resistivity readings 1 Dirty electrodes 2 Actual resistance is changing due to atmospheric contamination Unable to calibrate Conductivity TDS Film or deposits on electrodes Resistivity readings much lower than expected 1 Contamination from previous s...

Страница 57: ...t pH ORP Sensor pg 56 1 Clean cell cup and electrodes Ref Cleaning Sensors pg 50 2 Minimize test sample exposure to air by taking a flowing sample Ref Measuring Resistivity pg 14 Clean cell cup and electrodes Ref Cleaning Sensors pg 50 1 Rinse cell cup more thoroughly before measurement Ensure pH cap is snugly in place 2 See Measuring Resistivity pg 14 1 Repeat titration 2 Clean cell cup and elect...

Страница 58: ...de which represent the three predominant components anions in freshwater This salt ratio has conductivity characteristics approximating fresh natural waters and was developed by the Myron L Company over four decades ago It is used around the world for measuring both conductivity and TDS in drinking water ground water lakes streams etc 3000 ppm is the recommended standard Order 442 3000 3 Sodium Ch...

Страница 59: ...centration 5 WV solution of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA required for hardness titration Order EDTA LC 5 Reagent H3 Reagent H3 is a high concentration 10 WV solution of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA required for hardness titration Order EDTA HC D pH Buffer Solutions pH buffers are available in pH values of 4 7 and 10 Myron L Company buffer solutions are traceable to NIST certified p...

Страница 60: ...ent Colored dots on each pipette match the colored dots on reagent solution bottles to help you avoid confusion and contamination Model PROKIT K Replacement M Pet Micropipette 1 replacement 100µL fixed volume micropipette Model FVMP 100 L M Pet Micropipette Replacement Tips Bag of 48 micropipette tips Model PTIP100 48 M bluDock Wireless Data Transfer Accessory Package This accessory allows the ope...

Страница 61: ...riation Most conductivity instruments use an approximation of the temperature characteristics of solutions perhaps even assuming a constant value The value for KCl is often quoted simply as 2 C In fact KCl tempco varies with concentration and temperature in a non linear fashion Other solutions have more variation still The Ultrameter III uses corrections that change with concentration and temperat...

Страница 62: ...A Chart of Comparative Error In the range of 1000 µS the error using KCl on a solution that should be compensated as NaCl or as 442 is illustrated in the graph below Users wanting to measure natural water based solutions to 1 would have to alter the internal compensation to the more suitable preloaded 442 values or stay close to 25 C Users who have standardized to KCl based compensation may want t...

Страница 63: ...tion concentration and ionization of the dissolved material Since temperature greatly affects ionization conductivity measurements are temperature dependent and are normally corrected to read what they would be at 25 C ref Temperature Compensation pg 56 A How it s Done Once the effect of temperature is removed the compensated conductivity is a function of the concentration TDS Temperature compensa...

Страница 64: ...would report 1035 µS compensated which corresponds to 510 ppm NaCl 2 If 442 compensation is used an instrument would report 1024 µS compensated which corresponds to 713 ppm 442 The difference in values is 40 In spite of such large error some users will continue to take data in the NaCl mode because their previous data gathering and process monitoring was done with an older NaCl referenced device S...

Страница 65: ... typical temperature where it is normally measured After selecting User function set the tempco to 0 C as in Disabling Temperature Compensation pg 24 No compensation Measure the new conductivity and the new temperature Divide the decrease or increase by the 25 C value Divide that difference by the temperature difference 2 Heat or cool a sample of the solution to 25 C and measure its conductivity C...

Страница 66: ...ltage pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration Where H concentration falls below 10 7 solutions are less acidic than neutral and therefore are alkaline A concentration of 10 9 mol liter of H would have 100 times less H ions than OH ions and be called an alkaline solution of pH 9 3 The pH Sensor The active part of the pH sensor is a thin glass surface that is selectivel...

Страница 67: ...tion The junction may be damaged if dried out because insoluble crystals may form in a layer obstructing contact with test solutions 4 The Myron L Integral pH Sensor The sensor in the Ultrameter III see Figure 34 is a single construction in an easily replaceable package The sensor body holds an oversize solution supply for long life The reference junction wick is porous to provide a very stable lo...

Страница 68: ...ity to reducing activity in a solution It is the potential of a solution to give up electrons oxidize other things or gain electrons reduce Like acidity and alkalinity the increase of one is at the expense of the other so a single voltage is called the Oxidation Reduction Potential with a positive voltage showing a solution wants to steal electrons oxidizing agent For instance chlorinated water wi...

Страница 69: ...entrations of which are directly dependent on pH Some chlorine is initially consumed by organic matter and metal ions present in solution The amount of chlorine a particular solution consumes is called chlorine demand The amount of chlorine that remains beyond this initial consumption is called free chlorine Enough chlorine must be added to solution so that residual levels of free chlorine have on...

Страница 70: ...e 0 0074 The following is a general industry guideline for interpreting LSI values An index between 0 5 and 0 5 indicates balanced water An index of more than 0 5 indicates scale forming water An index below 0 5 indicates corrosive water You can use the calculator to adjust any of the water balance parameter variables used in the calculation to analyze the effect of the change on water balance The...

Страница 71: ...ivalency 17 1 ppm mg L 1 grain XXV SOFTWARE VERSION Contact the Myron L Company to see if a software upgrade is available 1 Press any parameter key 2 Press key until three numbers are displayed as shown in Figure 35 3 Press any parameter key instrument will time out in 15 seconds Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 72: ...the Total Conductive Ions in a solution See Conductivity Conversion to Total Dissolved Solids TDS pg 59 Tempco Temperature Compensation See Temperature Compensation of Aqueous Solutions pg 56 User A mode of operation that allows the instrument user operator to set a tempco and or a TDS factor for their specific solution type See Temperature Compensation of Aqueous Solutions pg 56 and Temperature C...

Страница 73: ...Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 74: ...e Results KCl NaCl and 442 Natural Water Modes Automatic Temperature Compensation Autoranging Durable Fully Encapsulated Electronics Waterproof Powered by 1 N Type Battery included High Performance Features Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 75: ...Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

Страница 76: ...ness Park Dr Vista CA 92081 760 727 3711 760 727 4427 www appliedmembranes com sales appliedmembranes com Industry Leader in RO Expertise and Membrane Applications since 1983 Distributed By Distributed by Applied Membranes Inc www appliedmembranes com ...

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