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111

 

Agilent 3000 X-Series Oscilloscopes 
Advanced Training Guide

A
Oscilloscope Block Diagram and 
Theory of Operation

DSO Block Diagram

112

ADC Block

112

Attenuator Block

113

DC Offset Block

113

Amplifier Block

113

Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks

114

Timebase and Acquisition Memory Blocks

114

Display DSP Block

115

Содержание InfiniiVision 3000 X- Series

Страница 1: ...gilent 3000 X Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide Lab guide and tutorial for making advanced oscilloscope measurements using an Agilent 3000 X Series oscilloscope with the DSOXEDK training ki...

Страница 2: ...tware is for use in the performance of a U S Government prime contract or sub contract Software is delivered and licensed as Commercial computer soft ware as defined in DFAR 252 227 7014 June 1995 or...

Страница 3: ...anced Triggering Search Navigation and Segmented Acquisition Labs Lab 7 Triggering on a Digital Burst using Trigger Holdoff 40 Lab 8 Triggering on Unique Pulses and Glitches using Pulse width Trigger...

Страница 4: ...ock Diagram and Theory of Operation DSO Block Diagram 112 ADC Block 112 Attenuator Block 113 DC Offset Block 113 Amplifier Block 113 Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks 114 Timebase and Acquis...

Страница 5: ...e to generate a broad range of built in training signals The built in training signals can be probed by simply connecting a standard 10 1 passive probe between channel 1 s input BNC and the front pane...

Страница 6: ...e Familiarization Labs starting on page 11 Once you have become familiar with using the basic functions of the oscilloscope you can then skip to particular labs of interest Each hands on lab can be co...

Страница 7: ...asurement procedure to put the oscilloscope in a known starting mode Default Setup This makes it easy to duplicate measurements because no special conditions are set The Auto Scale key on the front pa...

Страница 8: ...e setting is displayed at the top of the display on the status line b Turn the small knob in the horizontal control section to move the trigger point solid orange triangle from the reference point hol...

Страница 9: ...vertical offset position of the waveform moving the ground level up or down Trigger Controls Turn the Trigger Level knob to move the trigger level up and down The trigger level is displayed while it i...

Страница 10: ...Press the Utility key to access the I O ports file explorer options service information and the Quick Action key function settings Press the Quick Action key to perform one of the quick action functi...

Страница 11: ...liarization Labs Lab 1 Using Cursors and Automatic Parametric Measurements 12 Lab 2 Using Zoom Display to Perform Gated Measurements 19 Lab 3 Using Waveform Math 23 Lab 4 Using Peak Detect Acquisition...

Страница 12: ...try knob select the Repetitive Pulse with Ringing signal then press the Output softkey to turn it on 5 Set channel 1 s V div setting to 500 mV div 6 Set channel 1 s position offset to 1 40 V 7 Push th...

Страница 13: ...o select if you don t press the knob a second time after dialing to the X1 cursor a time out will occur and then the X1 cursor will automatically be selected and the menu will close 10 Turn the Cursor...

Страница 14: ...then the scope will automatically position the voltage cursors on the waveform where the time cursors intersect the waveform Let s now perform some automatic parametric measurements on this waveform 1...

Страница 15: ...ate measurements Frequency Vp p Vmax and Vmin along with statistics for each of these measurements Let s now perform four different measurements 21 Press the Clear Meas softkey then press the Clear Al...

Страница 16: ...ter measurements Vtop and Vbase are often more important parameters to measure than the absolute maximum and minimum voltages of the waveform Vmax and Vmin which are the peak values of the overshoot T...

Страница 17: ...Time 31 Now either press the Add Measurement softkey or push the Entry knob to add this measurement Using these user defined measurement threshold levels 20 and 80 our rise time measurement should be...

Страница 18: ...o add this set of measurements The Snapshot All measurement provides us with a one time snapshot measurement of several parameters in order to completely characterize our input signal as shown in Figu...

Страница 19: ...Default Setup key on the scope s front panel 3 Press Help then press the Training Signals softkey 4 Using the Entry knob select the Digital Burst with Infrequent Glitch signal then press the Output so...

Страница 20: ...now turn on a Width measurement 11 Press the Meas front panel key next to the Cursors knob 12 Press the Clear Meas softkey then press the Clear All softkey 13 Press the Type softkey then select the W...

Страница 21: ...know the widths of the 2nd 3rd 4th etc pulses 15 Press the button in the Horizontal section of the front panel to turn on the scope s zoom display mode 16 Set the Zoom timebase to 50 00 ns div by turn...

Страница 22: ...see on your scope s display an expansion of just the 3rd pulse in this burst in the lower portion of the display as should in Figure 10 And the Width measurement should be measuring the positive pulse...

Страница 23: ...ent where neither end of the component is connected to ground In this case you could capture waveforms at both ends of the component relative to ground and then subtract one waveform from the other Le...

Страница 24: ...the Help front panel key the press the Training Signals softkey 13 Press the Phase softkey then turn the Entry knob to vary the phase shift When the phase shift is exactly 180 degrees the resultant ma...

Страница 25: ...e as well as a frequency domain waveform Power in units of dB versus Frequency An FFT math function breaks signals down into their individual sine wave frequency components All electrical signals incl...

Страница 26: ...ope s display Let s now verify the fundamental frequency of this signal using the scope s counter measurement 29 Press the Meas front panel key 30 Press the Type softkey then turn the Entry knob until...

Страница 27: ...uce its sampling rate in order to fill the required waveform time All DSOs and MSOs do this For example let s assume that you want to capture a relatively slow signal and need to set the scope s timeb...

Страница 28: ...scope s display and the scope is now intermittently capturing the narrow glitches The scope is under sampling the narrow glitches Sometimes the scope captures a single point on the peak of a glitch S...

Страница 29: ...tore just the maximum and minimum digitized values for this group of 200 points which is just 2 points This would be a decimation factor of 100 So you may ask why not always use the Peak Detect mode T...

Страница 30: ...especially when attempting to capture multiple low duty cycle type signals To enable Segmented Memory Acquisition your oscilloscope must have the Segmented Memory option installed Option SGM You can...

Страница 31: ...st of sine waves similar to what is shown in Figure 15 Let s now rescale the timebase in an attempt to capture several of these bursts 9 Set the scope s timebase to 10 000 ms div Figure 15 Capturing a...

Страница 32: ...r timebase setting and then zooming in we can clearly see that our waveform was under sampled as evidenced by the triangular shaped waveforms shown in Figure 17 Remember this should be a burst of sine...

Страница 33: ...onsecutive low duty cycle signal bursts the scope also time tags each segment waveform so that you know the time of each capture segment waveform relative to the first captured segment waveform Time t...

Страница 34: ...all portions or segments of a signal a short sine wave burst in this case The scope does not capture unimportant signal idle time between each burst Segmented Memory acquisition can also be a very use...

Страница 35: ...oscope must have the mask test option installed Option MASK You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal an...

Страница 36: ...Automask 12 Press Create Mask to automatically create a pass fail mask around this waveform Because the InfiniiVision oscilloscope s mask testing capability is hardware based it can test up to 280 000...

Страница 37: ...orm save an image print or perform specific measurements when an error is detected Using the Run Until selection you can also set up mask testing to run for a specific number of tests minimum time or...

Страница 38: ...38 3000 X Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 2 Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs...

Страница 39: ...d Glitches using Pulse width Trigger 44 Lab 9 Triggering on the Nth Pulse within a Burst using Nth Edge Burst Trigger 48 Lab 10 Triggering on and Searching for Edge Speed Violations 50 Lab 11 Triggeri...

Страница 40: ...on a burst of digital pulses 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground 2 Press Default Setup on the scope s front panel 3 Press Help then press the Training Signals softkey 4 Usi...

Страница 41: ...time in order to synchronize triggering on the 1st pulse of each burst 9 Press the Run Stop front panel key to stop repetitive acquisitions With repetitive acquisitions stopped you should now be able...

Страница 42: ...ng edge after arming which will always be the 1st edge in each burst And ideal holdoff time to achieve this would be a trigger holdoff time somewhere between 40 s width of burst and 50 s time between...

Страница 43: ...Labs 3 3000 X Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 43 triggering after the end of the burst but before the beginning of the next burst which is during the signal s idle time The next valid tri...

Страница 44: ...select the Digital Burst with Infrequent Glitch signal then press the Output softkey to turn it on 5 Set channel 1 s vertical scaling to 1 00 V div 6 Set channel 1 s offset position to approximately 1...

Страница 45: ...which can be used on a continuous data stream of digital pulses the data stream does not need to come in bursts But the pulses must have a unique pulse width for this triggering mode to be effective N...

Страница 46: ...wide pulse we can also use the Pulse Width triggering mode to trigger on unknown or unwanted glitches Let s do it 14 Press the softkey then select the time qualifier 15 Press the 30 ns softkey then s...

Страница 47: ...tured segments 21 Set the Current Segment to 500 and note the time tag of the last captured segment Segmented Memory optimizes oscilloscope acquisition memory by only capturing important segments of a...

Страница 48: ...t panel 3 Press Help then press the Training Signals softkey 4 Using the Entry knob select the Digital Burst with Infrequent Glitch signal then press the Output softkey to turn it on 5 Set channel 1 s...

Страница 49: ...to 2 00 s using the Entry knob 11 Press the Edge softkey then set the edge count to 3 using the Entry knob Your scope should now be triggering on the 3rd rising edge in this burst as shown in Figure 3...

Страница 50: ...cquisition to capture multiple and consecutive occurrences of edge speed violations 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground 2 Press Default Setup on the scope s front panel 3 P...

Страница 51: ...n edges 9 Press Meas then press the Type softkey 10 Turn the Entry knob to point to the Rise Time measurement then either push the Entry knob or press the Add Measurement softkey Looking at the on scr...

Страница 52: ...ment threshold marker as a good indication as to where the approximate 10 level is located 14 Press the Level Select softkey until it indicates High then turn the Trigger Level knob to set the upper h...

Страница 53: ...select the Rise Fall Time search mode 21 Press the Settings softkey 22 Press the softkey the select 23 Press the Time softkey then turn the Entry knob to search for violation rise times of 100 ns At...

Страница 54: ...6 Push the horizontal position delay knob to re position the trigger point back to center screen 27 Set the scope s timebase to 100 0 ns div 28 Press the Run Stop front panel to begin repetitive acqui...

Страница 55: ...de 55 Segmented Memory optimizes oscilloscope acquisition memory by only capturing important segments of a waveform based on the trigger condition and timebase setting In this example we have selectiv...

Страница 56: ...as use the scope s segmented memory acquisition to capture multiple and consecutive occurrences of runt conditions 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground 2 Press Default Setup...

Страница 57: ...n the trigger level knob to set the lower trigger level threshold to be approximately 1 division above the bottom of the waveform 12 Press the Level Select softkey to select High then turn the Trigger...

Страница 58: ...ately 100 ns wide near center screen In addition to triggering on runt pulse conditions the Agilent 3000 X Series oscilloscopes can also perform Search Navigation to find multiple runt pulse condition...

Страница 59: ...e s Segmented Memory mode of acquisition to capture 500 consecutive occurrences of runt pulses of either polarity and with no specific time qualification But to complete the rest of this lab your scop...

Страница 60: ...urn the Entry knob to review all 500 captured segments 33 Set the Current Segment to 500 and note the time tag of the last captured segment Segmented Memory optimizes oscilloscope acquisition memory b...

Страница 61: ...ignals softkey 5 Using the Entry knob select the Setup Hold Violation Signals signal then press the Output softkey to turn it on 6 Press Auto Scale You should now see on your scope s display waveforms...

Страница 62: ...range of 37 ns But notice the fainter green traces It appears that our data signal is occasionally shifting closer to the clock signal If you make the setup time measurement based on the fainter gree...

Страница 63: ...l key 11 Press the Segmented softkey then turn the Entry knob to select 500 as the number of segments to capture 12 Press the Segmented softkey to begin a Segmented Memory acquisition 13 Press the Cur...

Страница 64: ...nel 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground 2 Connect the channel 2 probe to the Demo 2 terminal and ground 3 Press Default Setup on the scope s front panel 4 Press Help then p...

Страница 65: ...st the 5 MHz analog burst and then finally trigger on the Nth occurrence of one of the wider digital pulses 12 Press the Trigger front panel key then select Edge then Edge using the Entry knob 13 Pres...

Страница 66: ...talled options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground 2 Press Default Setup on the scope s front panel 3 Press Help then press...

Страница 67: ...s supplied with the scope to probe signals such as these The scope is currently triggering on the output of the DAC channel 1 using the scope s default Edge triggering mode We can also set up the scop...

Страница 68: ...In addition to displaying individual digital channels this scope can also display all of the digital channels of acquisition in an overlaid bus display mode while displaying the HEX value of the bus...

Страница 69: ...n a pattern condition as a HEX value The HEX value of the input to the DAC when the output is at its lowest amplitude is 1AHEX Let s now specify to trigger on 1AHEX 19 Press the Trigger front panel ke...

Страница 70: ...ining Guide 3 Advanced Triggering Search Navigation and Segmented Acquisition Labs Your scope should now be triggering on 1AHEX which is coincident with the lowest output level of DAC as shown in Figu...

Страница 71: ...n I2 C Serial Bus Signals 72 Lab 16 Decoding Triggering and Searching on SPI Serial Bus Signals 79 Lab 17 Decoding Triggering and Searching on RS232 UART Serial Bus Signals 85 Lab 18 Decoding Triggeri...

Страница 72: ...gnaling To complete this lab your scope must be licensed with the I2C trigger and decode option Option EMBD You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Conne...

Страница 73: ...el 2 is an I2C serial data signal SDA Let s first set up the scope to intelligently decode this data stream based on the I2 C protocol and then we will establish a more unique trigger point using I2 C...

Страница 74: ...address byte and symbolically decodes it as to whether the address byte is a Read or Write instruction So the typical address decoding format most engineers prefer is the 7 bit format which is what w...

Страница 75: ...nowledge A following by a data byte equal to either 80 or C0 without an acknowledge A Let s now capture a very long stream of I2C data and then manually search through the captured and decoded record...

Страница 76: ...l 1 I2C using the Entry knob 30 Press the Search for softkey then select Missing Acknowledge as our search criteria The white triangles near the top of the waveform area mark the time location of each...

Страница 77: ...Stop front panel key to begin repetitive acquisitions again 34 Press the Acquire front panel key 35 Press the Segmented softkey then turn the Entry knob to select 500 as the number of segments to cap...

Страница 78: ...ing Triggering Search Navigation and Segmented Acquisition Labs captured approximately 20 seconds of total acquisition time as shown in Figure 54 Note that we can also view the decoded I2 C data in th...

Страница 79: ...with the SPI trigger and decode option Option EMBD as well as the MSO option You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Press Default Setup on the scope s f...

Страница 80: ...l Master in Slave out You can also think of these signals as serial data out and serial data in relative to the Master D7 is the SPI clock signal CLK and D6 is the chip select low enable signal CS Thi...

Страница 81: ...The scope should be randomly auto triggering because the default trigger condition is to trigger on a rising edge of channel 1 But there are no signals present on the channel 1 input Let s now set up...

Страница 82: ...then turn the Entry knob to manually scroll through the lister table As you scroll through the data note that waveforms track This means that the frame that the arrow points to in the lister table cor...

Страница 83: ...mes are also marked in orange in the first pointer column of the lister table Your scope should have found and marked approximately 20 occurrences of this search operation based on a total acquisition...

Страница 84: ...nt softkey then turn the Entry knob to review all 500 captured segments 51 Set the Current Segment to 500 and note the time tag of the last captured segment Segmented Memory optimizes oscilloscope acq...

Страница 85: ...sed with the RS232 UART trigger and decode option Option COMP You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Connect the channel 1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal...

Страница 86: ...scope to intelligently decode this data stream based on the RS232 UART protocol and then we will establish a more unique trigger point using RS232 UART triggering 13 Press the Serial front panel key 1...

Страница 87: ...61 but we still haven t established stable triggering The scope is still triggering on any rising edge of channel 1 default trigger condition Let s now set up the scope to trigger when the transmit da...

Страница 88: ...knob to scroll through the decoded data As you scroll through the data note that waveforms track This means that the frame that the arrow points to in the lister table corresponds to the waveforms tha...

Страница 89: ...in orange in the first pointer column of the lister table Your scope should have found and marked 4 or 5 occurrences of this search operation based on a total acquisition time of 2 seconds Note that...

Страница 90: ...31 is displayed in red as shown in Figure 64 Let s now use the scope s Segmented Memory acquisition to capture 50 consecutive occurrences of parity errors We will then review the captured errors to d...

Страница 91: ...r over a time span exceeding 20 seconds as shown in Figure 65 Note that although not shown and demonstrated we can also view the segmented decoded RS232 UART serial data in the lister format and we ca...

Страница 92: ...Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 4 Serial Bus Decoding Triggering Search Navigation and Segmented Acquisition Labs Figure 66 Decoded RS232 UART message indicating which oscilloscope vendor is 1 i...

Страница 93: ...plete this lab your scope must be licensed with the CAN LIN trigger and decode option Option AUTO You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Connect the cha...

Страница 94: ...establish a more unique trigger point using CAN triggering 9 Press the Serial front panel key 10 Press the Mode I2 C softkey then select the CAN serial decode mode using the Entry knob 11 Press the Si...

Страница 95: ...of acquisition time and then manually search through the captured and decoded record 18 Press the Serial front panel key 19 Press the Lister softkey then turn the Entry knob to select Serial 1 CAN 20...

Страница 96: ...ftkey then select Serial 1 CAN 27 Press the Search for softkey then select All Errors using the Entry knob The white triangles near the top of the waveform area mark the time location of each found oc...

Страница 97: ...tive acquisition again 31 Press the Trigger front panel key 32 Press the Trigger ID RTR softkey then select All Errors using the Entry knob 33 Press the Mode Coupling key in the Trigger section of the...

Страница 98: ...n in Figure 71 Note that we can also view the segmented decoded CAN serial data in the lister format and we can also perform Search Navigation operations on the captured segments 39 Press the Serial f...

Страница 99: ...otive applications To complete this lab your scope must be licensed with the CAN LIN trigger and decode option Option AUTO You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscil...

Страница 100: ...nique trigger point using LIN triggering 9 Press the Serial front key 10 Press the Mode I2 C softkey then select the LIN serial decode mode using the Entry knob 11 Press the Signals softkey and verify...

Страница 101: ...et s now capture a very long stream of LIN traffic 2 seconds of acquisition time and then manually search through the captured and decoded record 17 Press the Serial front panel key 18 Press the Liste...

Страница 102: ...LIN 26 Press the Search for softkey then select Errors using the Entry knob The white triangles near the top of the waveform area mark the time location of each found occurrence of our search operati...

Страница 103: ...28 Set the scope s timebase to 1 00 ms div 29 Press the Run Stop front panel to begin repetitive acquisition again 30 Press the Acquire front panel key 31 Press the Segmented softkey then turn the Ent...

Страница 104: ...rform Search Navigation operations on the captured segments 35 Press the Serial front panel key then press the Lister softkey Because we performed the Segmented Memory acquisition based on triggering...

Страница 105: ...on Option AUDIO as well as the MSO option You can verify the installed options on your oscilloscope at Help About Oscilloscope 1 Press Default Setup on the scope s front panel 2 Press Help then press...

Страница 106: ...ata signal SDATA D8 is the serial clock signal SCLK and D7 is the Word Select signal WS Let s now set up the scope to decode these I2 S signals 12 Press the Serial front panel key 13 Press the Mode I2...

Страница 107: ...ger condition is to trigger on a rising edge of channel 1 But there are no signals present on the channel 1 input Let s now set up the scope to trigger on I2 S right channel audio data as the value of...

Страница 108: ...un Stop to stop repetitive acquisitions 30 Press the Scroll Lister softkey then turn the Entry knob to manually scroll through the lister table As you scroll through the data note that waveforms track...

Страница 109: ...e should have found and marked approximately 20 occurrences of this search operation based on a total acquisition time of 100 ms Note that the number of found events is indicated near the bottom of th...

Страница 110: ...o begin a Segmented Memory acquisition 47 Press the Current Segment softkey then turn the Entry knob to review all 100 captured segments 48 Set the Current Segment to 100 and note the time tag of the...

Страница 111: ...A Oscilloscope Block Diagram and Theory of Operation DSO Block Diagram 112 ADC Block 112 Attenuator Block 113 DC Offset Block 113 Amplifier Block 113 Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks 114 T...

Страница 112: ...o digital convertor ADC The ADC block is the core central component of all DSOs The function of this block is to convert the analog input into a series of digital words Most of today s DSOs utilize 8...

Страница 113: ...t signal is passed through to the amplifier with no attenuation 1 1 When you change the scope s V div setting you may hear audible clicking sounds The clicking that you hear are mechanical relays swit...

Страница 114: ...your input signal is a sine wave and that you want to trigger acquisitions on the rising edge of the sine wave at the 50 level In this case the non inverted output of the trigger comparator would be a...

Страница 115: ...simple edge triggering mode While looking for the trigger event acquisitions continue to be stored in the scope s circular acquisition memory buffer If the trigger event is very infrequent stored samp...

Страница 116: ...early generations of DSOs did not include an explicit Display DSP block This function was traditionally handled by the scope s CPU system but with much lower efficiency that produced much slower wave...

Страница 117: ...n of an oscilloscope is its bandwidth This tutorial on oscilloscope bandwidth will provide you some helpful hints on how to select an oscilloscope with the appropriate bandwidth for your digital and a...

Страница 118: ...ency response will have an approximate rise time of 0 35 fBW based on a 10 to 90 criterion But you need to remember that a scope s rise time is not the fastest edge speed that the oscilloscope can acc...

Страница 119: ...accurate measurements on analog signals you would need to use the scope in the portion of the frequency band where it is still relatively flat with minimal attenuation At approximately one third the s...

Страница 120: ...Digital Design A Handbook of Black Magic 1 He refers to this frequency component as the knee frequency fknee All fast edges have an infinite spectrum of frequency components However there is an inflec...

Страница 121: ...ent applications But if you need timing accuracy in the range of 3 then a scope with 1 GHz bandwidth would be the better choice Let s now make some measurements on a digital clock signal with characte...

Страница 122: ...but 100 MHz bandwidth is clearly insufficient for this 100 MHz digital clock signal Using a 500 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope Figure 88 shows that this scope is able to capture up to the fifth harmonic w...

Страница 123: ...00 MHz digital clock the result is that we now have a much more accurate picture of this signal as shown in Figure 89 We can measure faster rise and fall times we observe less overshoot and we can eve...

Страница 124: ...e of frequency response which begins to approximate an ideal brick wall filter is sometimes called a maximally flat frequency response The formulas for computing required oscilloscope bandwidth on the...

Страница 125: ...cilloscope Bandwidths for your Application Application note 5989 5733EN Evaluating Oscilloscope Sample Rates vs Sampling Fidelity Application note 5989 5732EN Evaluating Oscilloscopes for Best Wavefor...

Страница 126: ...126 3000 X Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide C Related Agilent Literature...

Страница 127: ...ations 23 Mode Coupling key 9 MSO mixed signal oscilloscope 66 N notices 2 Nth Edge Burst triggering mode 45 48 P pattern trigger 67 Peak Detect acquisition mode 28 Pulse Width triggering mode 44 Q Qu...

Страница 128: ...128 3000 X Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide Index...

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