Troxler 3411-B Manual Of Operation And Instruction Download Page 71

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Model 3400-B Series

Appendix A-11

If a local standard is to be constructed for density checking, we

suggest any of the materials we use at the factory. We not

recommend the use of any standards not fully checked at our

factory for recalibration purposes.
Moisture calibration need not be checked as the detectors are

very stable. Small changes can be corrected in the field when

field samples are taken to develop a moisture correction factor.
If recalibration is necessary and Troxler standards are not

available, contract your Troxler service center with calibration

capability.

Summary of Contents for 3411-B

Page 1: ...portant to understand the Safety Warnings at the beginning of this manual Keep this manual in a safe place that is always easily accessible during the use of the gauge Troxler Electronic Laboratories...

Page 2: ...anual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or information storage and retrieval systems for any purpose without the ex...

Page 3: ...Model 3400 B Series iii...

Page 4: ...ve IL 60515 Phone 1 630 261 9304 Fax 1 630 261 9341 TroxTechSupport troxlerlabs com Western Office Service Center 11300 Sanders Drive Suite 7 Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Phone 1 916 631 0234 Fax 1 916 631...

Page 5: ...ating Procedures Explains how to take standard counts and measurements Chapter 5 Special Use Procedures Contains special procedures including correction factors trench measurements thin lift overlays...

Page 6: ...al maintenance Do not attempt to operate the gauges before reading this manual and the safety warnings posted on the units Troxler stresses that the user is solely responsible for ensuring safe use Th...

Page 7: ...roughout this manual the following symbols and special formatting are used to reveal the purpose of the text NOTE Notesindicateimportantinformationthatmustbe read to ensure proper operation KEY This s...

Page 8: ...ents 3 6 Setting Target Values 3 7 CHAPTER 4 3401 OPERATING PROCEDURES Taking Standard Counts 4 2 Taking Soil Measurements 4 4 Taking Asphalt Measurements 4 6 CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL USE PROCEDURES Correcti...

Page 9: ...e Gauge for Service A 12 Replacement Parts A 13 APPENDIX B RADIATION THEORY SAFETY RadiationTheoryandSafety B 2 WorkingwithRadiationSources B 12 APPENDIX C THEORY OF OPERATION Density C 2 Moisture C 5...

Page 10: ......

Page 11: ...gure 7 Midpoint of Interval 5 12 Figure 8 Midpoint of Interval 5 13 Figure 9 Statistical Stability Test 6 6 Figure 10 3411 B Display Test Sequence 6 8 Figure 11 3411 B Rotary Switch Test Format 6 9 Fi...

Page 12: ...x LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Sample Moisture Correction Chart 5 3 Table 2 Key Codes for Keyboard Test Routines 6 10 Table 3 Radiation Profile B 9 Table 4 Neutron Thermalization and Absorption Data C 6...

Page 13: ...odel 3400 B Series 1 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 1 1 I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n This chapter covers the following topics and tasks An introduction to the 3401 and 3411 gauges Regulatory informatio...

Page 14: ...radiation and the counts are converted into a density reading Utilizing the principle of neutron thermalization the 3400 series gauges determine the moisture content of soils and soil like materials...

Page 15: ...Model 3400 B Series 1 3 Figure 1 Gauge and Accessories...

Page 16: ...ed reading for all operators and potential operators If these sections are not completely understood seek assistance from Troxler an appointed Troxler representative or others designated within the us...

Page 17: ...1 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 2 2 P Pa ar rt ts s a an nd d A Ac cc ce es ss so or ri ie es s This chapter covers the following topics and tasks Performing an inventory and inspection Description of 3401 B...

Page 18: ...g all electronic modules battery packs detectors and radioactive sources Reference Block also called the standard provides a uniform reference material for gauge adjustment to compensate for source de...

Page 19: ...y for several hours before it automatically shuts off Displayed number is negative in value 3 PWR TIME switch turns the unit on and selects the time period for an accumulation The SLOW NORM and FAST p...

Page 20: ...2 4 Figure 2 3411 B Front Panel Controls...

Page 21: ...behind the front panel To gain access to these switches loosen the four thumbscrews in each corner of the front panel and lift it out of the gauge cavity The functions of the switches are listed belo...

Page 22: ...elect SLOW NORMAL and FAST count times 4 minutes 1 minute and 15 seconds The display switch chooses MOISTURE or DENSITY and the START key begins count accumulation Moving the MEAS TST switch to TST to...

Page 23: ...o oc ce ed du ur re es s This chapter covers the following topics and tasks Performing standard counts Instructions for taking measurements Setting target values NOTE For added safety the source rods...

Page 24: ...the raised edges Be sure the gauge is properly seated on the recessed surface of the reference block 4 Remove the padlock from the source rod Leave the source rod in the SAFE position 5 Turn the PWR T...

Page 25: ...rd count After four days 1 for DS and 2 for MS as compared to the average of the last four daily DS and MS values This averaging procedure is maintained until the instrument is returned to the factory...

Page 26: ...rotating and pulling straightup Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping from side to side with a hammer The drill rod will turn easier if it is turned after every few inches of raising it from the hole...

Page 27: ...ng on page 5 2 A correction factor for a given soil need only be determined once The correction can then be reused in future testing with the same gauge 1 Press the MEASURE key The display will show t...

Page 28: ...re is only helpful when the voids are large 2 Place each hand on opposite corners of the base to check for rocking 3 Turn the depth indicator switch to BS 4 Turn the PWR TIME switch to the FAST 15 sec...

Page 29: ...the laboratory 1 Press SHIFT and SET and read the stored value For asphalt the Marshall value should be stored in thisregister For soils the Proctor value should be stored 2 If the value is too low pl...

Page 30: ...3 8 NOTES...

Page 31: ...ng g P Pr ro oc ce ed du ur re es s This chapter covers the following topics and tasks Performing standard counts Instructions for taking measurements NOTE For added safety the source rods on the 3400...

Page 32: ...e keypad end against the metal plate between the raised edges Be sure the gauge is properly seated on the recessed surface of the reference block 4 Remove the padlock from the source rod Leave the sou...

Page 33: ...standard as compared to the reference standard count After four days 1 for DS and 2 for MS as compared to the average of the last four daily DS and MS values This averaging procedure is maintained unt...

Page 34: ...with a hammer The drill rod will turn easier if it is turned after every few inches of raising it from the hole 3 Place the source rod in the hole to the desired depth of measurement by seating the h...

Page 35: ...nsity DD as follows DD WD M 11 Calculate the Percent Moisture M as follows M M x 100 DD NOTE On soils that have not previously been checked by a nuclear gauge a moisture sample may be obtained at a po...

Page 36: ...g 3 Turn the depth indicator switch to BS 4 Turn the PWR TIME switch to the FAST 15 second position or the NORMAL 1 minute position recommended 5 Place the source rod in the backscatter position makin...

Page 37: ...C Ch ha ap pt te er r 5 5 S Sp pe ec ci ia al l U Us se e P Pr ro oc ce ed du ur re es s This section covers the following topics and tasks Correction factors Trench measurements Thin lift overlays Ro...

Page 38: ...etermining the hydrogen H content of the soil and relating this to water H20 content In some soils there are compounds other than water that contain hydrogen There are also elements in some soils that...

Page 39: ...higher and sometimes lower than the oven dry no correction may be needed If the difference indicates the gauge reads consistently higher or lower than the oven dry a correction factor is needed To de...

Page 40: ...01 B Calculate the moisture from the oven dry in kg m3 or pcf M Oven Dry M Oven Dry x WD M Oven Dry 100 Here WD Wet Density Next calculate the correction factor in kg m3 or pcf Correction factor M Ove...

Page 41: ...unts following the steps outline on page 3 2 If a valid set of standard counts has already been obtained it may be used Note that the standard counts are taken at a site away from the trench 2 Enter t...

Page 42: ...value is preset negative so the switch need not be moved The entered value for moisture offset will be retained by the gauge until a it is changed by entry of a new offset b a new set of standard cou...

Page 43: ...density gauge is used to measure density between passes of the roller From this information a roller pattern is established as shown in Figure 4 Compaction is continued until there is no further incre...

Page 44: ...5 8 Figure 4 Roller Pattern...

Page 45: ...ity To use the nomograph you must know the density of the bottom layer and the thickness of the top layer The simplest method of determining the bottom layer density is by taking nuclear density tests...

Page 46: ...mat 30 mm thick overlaying it A backscatter density test on the top of the mat right scale yielded a result of 2220 kg m3 right and extended to the right The correct density for the top layer is then...

Page 47: ...r density test on the top of the mat right scale yielded a result of 138 5 pcf A line is then drawn from 130 pcf on the left scale through the intersection of 1 2 inches bottom and 138 5 pcf right and...

Page 48: ...The grid can be made using a lightweight chain rope etc A spray paint dot is all that is needed to mark the intersections A roof plan of the structure at this point is also handy showing vents walkway...

Page 49: ...limits of the dry areas are statistically established count rates beyond the three standard deviation boundary could be considered to indicate the presence of moisture or other hydrogen bearing mater...

Page 50: ...the maximum depth setting to be used Each box is then weighed and compacted to a calculated wet density value and count rates are accumulated for each Repeat this procedure and vary the compaction eff...

Page 51: ...3400 B Series 6 1 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 6 6 G Ga au ug ge e B Ba as se e E El le ec ct tr ro on ni ic cs s This section covers the following topics and tasks Electrical components Stat drift and other...

Page 52: ...ule or PC Board replacement If the gauge will not perform the functions described in the operating procedures refer to the Troubleshooting section starting on page A 7 or contact a Troxler representat...

Page 53: ...te for normal field use 2 Place the gauge on the reference block in the standard count or SAFE position 3 Recording each set of counts DS and MS take five four minute standard counts in succession 4 C...

Page 54: ...root of the average moisture reading If this ratio is not within the range of 0 17 to 0 33 check or replace the moisture model and or high voltage module If the gauge is still unstable replace the He3...

Page 55: ...uge on the reference block in the standard count position Recording all counts take five SLOW counts 3 Average these five readings 4 If the difference between this average and the average taken in the...

Page 56: ...6 6 The following is an example of the stat test and drift test Figure 9 Statistical Stability Test...

Page 57: ...points A wide blade insulated handle screwdriver is useful for this purpose These test points are located o the preamplifier board Power is supplied to the system by two battery packs that total 10 v...

Page 58: ...ime Each repeated depression of the SHIFT and TST keys indexes to the next test To return the instrument to the normal mode hold the SHIFT key down while pressing and releasing the STANDARD key Releas...

Page 59: ...ssary to verify correction operation A blank indicates a defective switch position Figure 11 3411 B Rotary Switch Test Format SELF TEST 3 3411 B KEYBOARD TEST This routine will display until a key is...

Page 60: ...the TST position and replace the module 3 Place the PWR TIME switch to FAST 4 Hold down the SHIFT key and press the STANDARD MEASURE key 5 At the end of 15 seconds a 15646 2 count should be in the MS...

Page 61: ...A 1 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x A A M Ma ai in nt te en na an nc ce e T Tr ro ou ub bl le es sh ho oo ot ti in ng g This section covers the following topics and tasks Maintenance tasks Troubleshooting Re...

Page 62: ...display the gauge has only a few hours left before automatically turning off The batteries can then be fully recharged with the AC charger Give the batteries a full charge when recharging they cannot...

Page 63: ...bottom plate To assure a long working life clean the cavity regularly The frequency of cleaning can vary from every day when in wet sands or wet concrete to a maximum of two weeks in regular soils Ty...

Page 64: ...ource is now exposed Stand to the side 8 To lubricate the bearings unscrew the top shell from the base four screws and raise the top shell to allow access to the grease fitting on the lower portion of...

Page 65: ...to prevent the spring from flyingout 2 Unscrew the trigger from the indexer in the handle andslide the indexer out of the end of the handle 3 Push the trigger up and pull it down to remove it Tilt the...

Page 66: ...lace the gauge in an air conditioned room or blow dry the inside of the gauge to eliminate the possibility of moisture accumulation Also loosening or removing the scaler to allow the gauge to breathe...

Page 67: ...d Power may not be available to operate the charger On older models fuses located on top of each battery back should be checked and replaced with Bussman type GMW 2 Ampere fuses if necessary Charger l...

Page 68: ...Replace the He3 tube Instrument counts moisture and density but is erratic and will not meet stability test Replace the Density or Moisture Module as required Replace the High Voltage Module Replace...

Page 69: ...rd or hardware failure on I O board 30 Microprocessor tried to evaluate the log of a negative number Incorrect depth selected by DEPTH switch 30 Microprocessor attempted to divide by zero No standard...

Page 70: ...onics decay of the source shift in detector plateau and field use If factory standards are not available a designated spot on the concrete slab floor may be used for comparison A historical base of re...

Page 71: ...ards not fully checked at our factory for recalibration purposes Moisture calibration need not be checked as the detectors are very stable Small changes can be corrected in the field when field sample...

Page 72: ...fice If you do not use the form please have the following information available when contacting Troxler for an RGA number Unit or part model and serial number Part number serial number if applicable P...

Page 73: ...0278 103681 Battery Pack Assembly 3400 2 required after SN 10278 102067 Bottom Plate Assembly 3400 102096 3400 Cap Screw for Index Rod 102103 Cap Screw Bumper 100528 1000 Captive Screws for Front Pane...

Page 74: ...r for SN 10245 14409 104553 Plunger 3400 Indexer for SN 10245 14409 104639 HV Power Supply Assembly 102847 Processor Complete 3411 B 012753 Ring Retaining 2 required 101604 1610 Roll Pin 1 8 Dia X 1 T...

Page 75: ...Cable 3400 12 V 004211 Drill Rod 103680 1000 Drill Rod Extraction Tool Extractor 102876 0005 Leak Test Replacement Packets 4 units 021140 Radiation Sign Kit 103484 Reference Standard 3400 102111 Scra...

Page 76: ...Appendix A 16 NOTES...

Page 77: ...1 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x B B R Ra ad di ia at ti io on n T Th he eo or ry y S Sa af fe et ty y This section covers the following topics and tasks Radiation theory and safety Working with radiation s...

Page 78: ...examples are H Hydrogen C Carbon O Oxygen U Uranium Cf Californium Co Cobalt Each element contains an atom with a unique structure The atom consists of smaller particles such as protons neutrons and e...

Page 79: ...nit of radiation used in the U S is the curie Ci and is defined as 3 7 x 1010 disintegrations of nuclei per second In the Special Form encapsulated sealed sources used in the a 3400 series gauge the u...

Page 80: ...ed dose rad by a quality factor QF One rad is equal to the exposure of one rem of photon radiation For example the average neutron energy of an americium 241 beryllium source is about 4 5 MeV The qual...

Page 81: ...ximated by the normal distribution Figure 12 The normal distribution predicts the probability that any given count rate will fall within a selected region about the mean Normal Distribution Figure 13...

Page 82: ...n and neutron radiation contribute to the occupational radiation exposure Photon radiation is electromagnetic radiation as are x rays radio waves and visible light Visible light and photon have no mas...

Page 83: ...istance Shielding These methods are a part of an ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable program TIME The simplest way to reduce exposure is to keep the time spent around a radioactive source to a minim...

Page 84: ...diation such as alpha particles may be stopped by a single sheet of paper other particles such as neutrons and photons require much more shielding Materials containing large amounts of hydrogen such a...

Page 85: ...0 11 TOP 6 0 0 5 6 5 0 52 0 2 0 72 0 2 0 05 0 25 0 08 0 01 0 09 BOTTOM 9 0 3 0 12 0 0 7 1 0 1 7 0 18 0 1 0 28 0 05 0 01 0 06 HANDLE 0 2 0 32 0 52 0 09 0 21 0 3 0 01 0 05 0 06 Table 3 Radiation Profile...

Page 86: ...2 LEFT 0 3 0 1 0 4 0 2 0 2 BOTTOM 605 0 4 6 9 1 9 0 1 2 0 0 4 0 4 BACK 5 0 0 4 5 4 0 9 0 9 0 2 0 2 FRONT 5 0 0 3 5 3 0 7 0 1 0 8 0 8 0 8 3411 IN CASE GAMMA NEUTRON TOTAL GAMMA NEUTRON TOTAL GAMMA NEU...

Page 87: ...encapsulated sealed source material The sealed sources used are encapsulated to prevent leakage of the radioactive material and meet radiation safety requirements The neutron source americium 241 bery...

Page 88: ...orm routine maintenance you may need to remove the bottom shield to clean the cavity beneath the source To minimize exposure while cleaning proceed as follows 1 With the source in the SAFE position pl...

Page 89: ...3400 B Series Appendix C 1 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x C C T Th he eo or ry y o of f O Op pe er ra at ti io on n This section covers the following topics and tasks How the gauge detects moisture and den...

Page 90: ...ectron density is directly related to mass density Counts over a time such as 1 minute can be directly related to density as shown in the section on calibration In direct transmission photons reaching...

Page 91: ...Model 3400 B Series Appendix C 3 Figure 15 Direct Transmission and Backscatter Geometries...

Page 92: ...Appendix C 4 Figure 16 Backscatter Surface Density Effects...

Page 93: ...n Since soils will contain varying amounts of compounds containing hydrogen other than water the gauge may require calibration for individual soils Also some elements absorb neutrons into their nucleu...

Page 94: ...n 139 5 1 90 Oxygen 158 5 0 0002 Sodium 224 9 0 53 Magnesium 237 4 0 063 Aluminum 262 8 0 23 Silicon 273 3 0 16 Phosphorous 300 8 0 19 Sulfur 311 1 0 51 Chlorine 343 3 33 00 Potassium 378 0 2 10 Calci...

Page 95: ...rves is shown in Figure 18 which illustrates the effect of moisture content on the depth of measurement Using the data taken to arrive at the curves shown in Figure 18 Effect of Moisture on Depth one...

Page 96: ...cu E 40 Q 35 s C C 30 25 II 6 E 20 O 15 cu Cl E 10 Cl C c u 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Depth in t C C 0 II 640 560 480 400 6 320 E O II 240 Cl 160 Cl C c u 80 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Depth mm Figure 17 E...

Page 97: ...n nd di ix x D D S Sp pe ec ci if fi ic ca at ti io on ns s This section covers the following topics and tasks Measurement specifications Mechanical specifications Calibration specifications Radiologi...

Page 98: ...50 0 34 2 75 0 17 kg m3 pcf The precisions stated are the standard deviation of 20 tests for an average gauge The precision defines the repeatability of measurement There are two other factors that af...

Page 99: ...as increasing with the amount and size of voids underneath the gauge For backscatter density a 100 void of 1 25 mm 0 05 inches will cause a negative bias of a 64 4 kg m3 4 00 pcf For direct transmissi...

Page 100: ...x 9 0 x 7 2 inches Gauge height including handles 495 mm 19 5 inches or 395 mm 15 5 inches Shipping weight 37 2 92 pounds with transport case Calibration Specifications Accuracy of density standards 0...

Page 101: ...ing direct reading in both SI and US Customary units for wet density dry density moisture content and percent moisture The algorithm corrects for hydrogen photon scattering coefficients and provides m...

Page 102: ...Beryllium with 70 000 N sec yield TEL A 102451 Source form Stainless steel double encapsulated Shielding Tungsten and lead Surface dose rates 15 mrem hour max neutron and gamma Source rod containment...

Page 103: ...Charge source 110 220V 50 60 Hz or 12 14 VDC negative ground 3401 B 3411 B Readout LCD 4 digits 4 digits Largest number displayable 9999 19999 Count registers moisture density 2 2 Power consumption w...

Page 104: ......

Page 105: ...Model 3400 B Series Appendix E 1 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x E E S St ta an nd da ar rd d C Co ou un nt t L Lo og g...

Page 106: ...Appendix E 2 STANDARD COUNT LOG Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS Date Moisture MS Density DS...

Page 107: ...Model 3400 B Series Appendix E 3 STANDARD COUNT LOG Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS Date Moisture MS Density DS...

Page 108: ...Appendix E 4 NOTES...

Page 109: ...ritten and signed agreement THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF AND THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND TROXL...

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