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detailed test method to measure 

electromagnetic interference (EMI) of implanted 

cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators from 

wireless telephones. This test method is now 

part of a standard sponsored by the Association 

for the Advancement of Medical instrumentation 

(AAMI). The final draft, a joint effort by FDA, 

medical device manufacturers, and many other 

groups, was completed in late 2000. This 

standard will allow manufacturers to ensure 

that cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators are 

safe from wireless phone EMI.
FDA has tested hearing aids for interference 

from handheld wireless phones and helped 

develop a voluntary standard sponsored by the 

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 

(IEEE). This standard specifies test methods 

and performance requirements for hearing aids 

and wireless phones so that no interference 

occurs when a person uses a compatible phone 

and a compatible hearing aid at the same time. 

This standard was approved by the IEEE in 

2000.
FDA continues to monitor the use of wireless 

phones for possible interactions with other 

medical devices. Should harmful interference 

be found to occur, FDA will conduct testing to 

assess the interference and work to resolve the 

problem.
10.What are the results of the research done 

already?

The research done thus far has produced 

conflicting results, and many studies have 

suffered from flaws in their research methods. 

Animal experiments investigating the effects of 

radio frequency energy (RF) exposures 

characteristic of wireless phones have yielded 

conflicting results that often cannot be repeated 

in other laboratories. A few animal studies, 

however, have suggested that low levels of RF 

could accelerate the development of cancer in 

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