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Measurement Principles

R&S

®

RT-ZS60

31

User Manual 1418.7342.02 ─ 04

Figure 4-5: Step response of the R&S

RT-ZS60 with a type 1 connection

Figure 4-6: Step response of the R&S

RT-ZS60 with a type 2 connection

Signal Integrity of the Transferred Signal

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Summary of Contents for RT-Z

Page 1: ...R S RT ZS60 Active Voltage Probe User Manual User Manual Version 04 1418734202 B Z2 ...

Page 2: ...info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R S is a registered trademark of Rohde Schwarz GmbH Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners 1418 7342 02 Version 04 R S RT ZS60 Throughout this manual products from Rohde Schwarz are indicated without the symbol and without product type numbers e g R S RT ZS60 is indicated as...

Page 3: ... product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users Riesgo de lesiones y daños en el instrumento El instrumento se debe usar de manera adecuada para prevenir descargas eléctricas incendios lesiones o daños materiales No abrir la carcasa del instrumento Lea y cumpla las Instrucciones de seguridad elementales suministradas con el instrumento como folleto impreso Lea y cum...

Page 4: ...upplied with the active voltage probe Risk of electric shock Do not connect an active voltage probe to any voltage that exceeds the maximum permissible input voltage specified in the data sheet Non compliance with this instruction carries the risk of an electric shock Make sure not to cause any short circuits when performing measurements on sources with high output currents Short circuits may caus...

Page 5: ...ge of electronic components the operational site must be protected against electrostatic discharge ESD Wrist strap with cord Ground connection of operational site Heel strap Floor mat The following two methods of ESD protection may be used together or separately Wrist strap with cord to ground connection Conductive floor mat and heel strap combination ...

Page 6: ...rument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information Europe Africa Middle East Phone 49 89 4129 12345 customersupport rohde schwarz com North America Phone 1 888 TEST RSA 1 888 837 8772 customer support rsa rohde...

Page 7: ...2 Probe Box 9 1 4 Accessories and Items 9 1 4 1 Accessories Supplied 10 1 4 2 Optional Accessories 12 1 4 3 Service Accessories 13 2 Putting into Operation 14 2 1 Connecting the Probe to the Oscilloscope 15 2 2 Identification of the Probe 16 2 3 Using the Probe 16 2 3 1 Zero Adjustment 16 2 3 2 Micro Button 17 2 3 3 Offset Compensation 17 2 3 4 R S ProbeMeter 18 3 Connecting the Probe to the DUT 2...

Page 8: ...fferent Connection Types 30 4 2 Signal Loading of the Input Signal 32 4 2 1 Input Impedance 32 4 3 Probing Philosophy 35 5 Maintenance and Service 37 5 1 Service Strategy 37 5 2 Returning for Servicing 37 5 3 Cleaning 38 5 4 Calibration Interval 38 5 5 Discarding the Product 38 5 6 Spare Parts 38 6 Functional Check 41 Index 42 ...

Page 9: ...rise time and the low input capacitance Provided with special features such as the R S ProbeMeter and the micro button the R S RT ZS60 is designed to meet tomorrow s chal lenges in probing Since the probe is equipped with Rohde Schwarz probe interface it can be connected to any Rohde Schwarz base unit that is compatible with this inter face When connected to the front panel of an R S oscilloscope ...

Page 10: ...unit For details see Chapter 2 3 2 Micro Button on page 17 R S ProbeMeter The R S ProbeMeter measures the DC voltage of the input signal directly at the probe tip It provides a continuous high precision DC voltage measurement that is independent of the settings of the oscilloscope and runs in parallel to the time domain measurement If activated on the base unit the measured value is dis played on ...

Page 11: ...tents have been checked for completeness and the device has been tested If the packaging material shows any signs of stress notify the carrier and your Rohde Schwarz service center Keep the package and cushioning material for inspection Inspect the probe If there is any damage or defect or if the R S RT ZS60 active voltage probe does not operate properly notify your Rohde Schwarz service center In...

Page 12: ... per formance measurements The probe head is used for connecting the probe and the DUT Different accessories for the signal and ground sockets allow the probe head to be connected to a wide range of DUTs 1 2 3 1 Signal socket 2 Ground socket 3 Micro button The accessories supplied for the probe head sockets are listed in Chapter 1 4 1 Accesso ries Supplied on page 10 Signal and ground sockets are ...

Page 13: ...Rohde Schwarz probe interface contains a male precision 7 mm 276 mil BNC connector and six pogo pin connectors This interface pro vides the required supply voltage and is also used to transmit analog signals and digital data simultaneously All the analog voltages required by the probe are gen erated in the probe box This approach ensures that it will be possible to operate future probes on any bas...

Page 14: ...are pin signal pin signal pin solder in lead 6 cm 2 4 in micro clip mini clip marker band kit Figure 1 1 Available accessories 1 4 1 Accessories Supplied The following table shows the accessories supplied with the R S RT ZS60 active voltage probe Table 1 1 Accessories supplied Item Quantity Description 100 Signal pin solder in 5 Signal pin Accessories and Items ...

Page 15: ...60 11 User Manual 1418 7342 02 04 Item Quantity Description 2 Signal adapter square pin 20 Ground pin solder in 5 Ground pin pogo 2 Ground adapter square pin 2 Lead 6 cm 2 4 in 2 Lead 15 cm 5 9 in 2 Mini clip Accessories and Items ...

Page 16: ... 38 1 4 2 Optional Accessories If the delivered accessories do not meet individual customer requirements Rohde Schwarz offers different accessory sets for sale The order numbers are provided in the data sheet Table 1 2 R S RT ZA4 mini clips Item Quantity Description Mini clip 10 Contains mini clips Table 1 3 R S RT ZA5 micro clips Item Quantity Description Micro clip 4 Contains micro clips Accesso...

Page 17: ... be powered and controlled from any conven tional PC 1 4 3 Service Accessories To order accessories for servicing the probe contact your Rohde Schwarz ser vice center The following accessories are available Table 1 6 Service accessories Item Description R S RT ZK2 The service kit is used to calibrate the probe to do perform ance tests and for servicing The service kit includes all adapters and acc...

Page 18: ...rated for higher frequencies Refer to the data sheet for further information Risk of device damage The R S RT ZS60 can withstand a moderate amount of physical and elec trical stress To avoid damage treat the probe with care Do not exceed the specified voltage limits Connect the R S RT ZS60 only to an instrument with Rohde Schwarz probe interface Never connect it to a usual BNC jack Although the 7 ...

Page 19: ... connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the probe and to the instrument s test ports To pre vent electrostatic discharge use a wrist strap and cord and connect your self to the ground or use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combina tion Discharge cables and probe tips before you connect them 2 1 Connecting the Probe to the Oscilloscope Connect the probe box 1 to the Rohde Schwarz prob...

Page 20: ... Using the Probe 2 3 1 Zero Adjustment The zero error can impair the measurement results therefore correct the zero error if necessary The zero error of the probe itself is very small However differ ences in DUT and oscilloscope ground levels can cause larger zero errors visible on the oscilloscope s screen If the DUT is not floating but ground referenced an zero adjustment improves the measuremen...

Page 21: ...icro button remotely controls this specific function on the base unit For exam ple Continuous Run or Single are often assigned to the micro button The configuration of the micro button is part of the probe settings of the channel to which the probe is connected For more details see the oscilloscope s user manual 2 3 3 Offset Compensation The offset compensation function can compensate a DC compone...

Page 22: ...on the R S RTx Use the micro button to measure input signals with different DC offsets assign Set offset to mean to the micro button See also Chapter 2 3 2 Micro But ton on page 17 For more details see the oscilloscope s user manual 2 3 4 R S ProbeMeter The R S ProbeMeter is an integrated voltmeter that measures DC voltages with higher precision compared to the oscilloscope s DC accuracy The DC me...

Page 23: ...ent integration time 100 ms not mathematical average of displayed waveform High measurement accuracy and low temperature sensitivity Simple means of setting the oscilloscope s trigger level and vertical scaling if a waveform is not visible Independent of oscilloscope settings for offset position vertical scale hori zontal scale and trigger Independent of probe settings for measurement mode and gai...

Page 24: ...essories are very fine and sensitive Stabilize the probe using appropriate means e g adhesive pads probe positioner in order to protect the solder joint from excessive mechanical stress Pins Signal pin and ground pin pogo Using the signal pin and ground pin manual measurements can be performed without or with only minor limitation of the measurement bandwith Best results are achieved if the dis ta...

Page 25: ...emain in the circuit Thus you can plug the probe on different test points Use tweezers to insert the solder in pins into the sockets on the probe and then cut to the appropriate length Keep the pins as short as possible The fine wires on this adapter are best suited to make secure contact with small contact points such as SMT components or IC pins Alternatively the signal pin has a solder tail for...

Page 26: ... in pin adapters for ground and signal the probe can be connected directly to a pin strip The sockets are compatible with 0 64 mm 25 mil square pins and 0 6 mm to 0 8 mm 24 mil to 35 mil round pins The distance between the signal and ground adapter can be adjusted by turning the ground adapter Distance range 2 54 mm to 10 16 mm 100 mil to 400 mil ...

Page 27: ...to the DUT It is plugged onto a pin on the DUT and can be used to connect either the signal socket or the ground socket In addition it allows micro and mini clips to be connected to the probe Connencting a lead to the signal socket of the R S RT ZS60 requires a signal adapter square pin Length Short lead 6 mm 236 mil Long lead 15 mm 591 mil ...

Page 28: ... probing large IC pins wires and through hole components The micro clip is designed for probing IC pins and thin wires in fine pitch applications Clips can be used to contact ground and sig nal To connect a clip to the ground socket a lead is required To connect a clip to the signal socket the sig nal adapter square pin is required ...

Page 29: ...nimum alterations How the probe can fulfill this requirement is mainly determined by its band width Low loading of the input signal Every probe is a load for the signal to be measured The signal to be mea sured changes when the probe is connected A good probe causes only a minimum change to the signal so that the function of the DUT is not adversely affected How the probe can fulfill this requirem...

Page 30: ...resistance of the DUT Rin DC input resistance Cin RF input capacitance of the probe CLF LF input capacitance of the probe RRF1 RRF2 RF input resistance of the probe Lcon Parasitic inductance of the ground connection In a 50 Ω system the output resistance of the source the load resistance and the characteristic impedance of all lines equal exactly 50 Ω However the behavior of the probe in the circu...

Page 31: ...be is one of its specific parameters The bandwidth of the probe and the bandwidth of the base unit together form the system band width The following explanations refer to the probe itself but can also be applied to the entire system Figure 4 2 Amplitude frequency response of the R S RT ZS60 The bandwidth Specifies the maximum frequency at which a purely sinusoidal signal is still transferred at 70...

Page 32: ...idth The following approximation applies BW trise 4 0 In addition to bandwidth a constant amplitude frequency response of the probe is decisive for high signal integrity The Figure 4 2 shows the typical amplitude frequency response of an R S RT ZS60 active voltage probe All frequency com ponents are transferred with the same gain so that the input signal is displayed without distortion The Figure ...

Page 33: ...length of the connection and the size of the resulting loop area A Reduces the usable bandwidth and causes ringing with signals having a short rise time due to a series resonance with the input capacitance Must be as small as possible short lead length to maintain high signal integ rity Long leads on the signal input are especially problematic con in con resonance con L BW C L f A L 1 to al propor...

Page 34: ...hoot with different connection types No Connection Type Connection Rise time Band width Min input impedance Zmin Over shoot Signal socket Ground socket 1 signal pin ground pin pogo wide spacing 64 ps 6 GHz 150 Ω 9 narrow spacing 55 ps 8 GHz 110 Ω 25 2 signal pin sol der in ground pin sol der in short pins 66 ps 6 5 GHz 155 Ω 8 long pins 70 ps 4 5 GHz 235 Ω 11 3 signal adapter square pin ground ada...

Page 35: ... R S RT ZS60 31 User Manual 1418 7342 02 04 Figure 4 5 Step response of the R S RT ZS60 with a type 1 connection Figure 4 6 Step response of the R S RT ZS60 with a type 2 connection Signal Integrity of the Transferred Signal ...

Page 36: ...the probe This section describes how the probe influences the input signal 4 2 1 Input Impedance The input signal loading caused by the probe is determined by its input impe dance Zin The Figure 4 1 presents an equivalent circuit model Zin consists of the following probe specific parameters Input resistance Rin LF input capacitance CLF RF resistance RRF1 RRF2 RF input capacitance Cin Minimum input...

Page 37: ... can be assigned to Rin CLF RRF Cin and Zmin The resulting loading of a step signal at the input of the probe is given in Figure 4 9 The connection inductance Lcon has only a minor effect on the signal loading and is therefore not considered in the following Figure 4 8 Magnitude of the input impedance of the R S RT ZS60 probe as a function of frequency Signal Loading of the Input Signal ...

Page 38: ...ially disturb measurements of high frequency signals as it influences the DC operating point of active compo nents This effect is negligible for most applications involving the R S RT ZS60 probe due to the high input resistance of the probe 1 MΩ 4 2 1 2 LF Capacitance The LF capacitance CLF causes the input impedance to decrease in the low fre quency range 4 kHz to 20 MHz The LF capacitance affect...

Page 39: ...akes contact Vin is therefore different from the signal that was present before the probe was connected VS This effect cannot be avoided and occurs with all real probes independent of type and manufacturer As a result there are different opinions which signal is the better output of the probe The initial signal that is not loaded by the probe VS and that corresponds to the signal at the test point...

Page 40: ...rize the DUTs not the probe If measurements are carried out in a 50 Ω environment the signal displayed on the oscilloscope s screen is always a direct representation of the unloaded signal VS see Figure 4 10 Figure 4 10 Unloaded and loaded input signal and step response using the example of R S RT ZS60 Probing Philosophy ...

Page 41: ...e probe for calibration The service personnel carry out the required tests 5 2 Returning for Servicing Use the original packaging to return your R S RT ZS60 to your Rohde Schwarz service center A list of all service centers is available on www services rohde schwarz com If you cannot use the original packaging consider the following 1 Use a sufficiently sized box 2 Protect the product from damage ...

Page 42: ...d with either distilled water or isopropyl alcohol Before using the product again make sure to dry it completely 5 4 Calibration Interval The recommended calibration interval for R S RT ZS60 active voltage probe is two years For servicing send the probe to your nearest Rohde Schwarz ser vice center see Chapter 5 2 Returning for Servicing on page 37 5 5 Discarding the Product Handle and dispose the...

Page 43: ...cription Material number 1 Signal pin solder in 1417 0838 00 2 Signal pin 1175 7651 00 3 Signal adapter square pin 1175 7668 00 4 Ground pin solder in 1417 0538 00 5 Ground pin pogo 1175 7716 00 6 Ground adapter square pin 1175 7597 00 7 Lead 6 cm 2 4 in 1416 0128 00 8 Lead 15 cm 5 9 in 1416 0134 00 Spare Parts ...

Page 44: ...lip 1416 0105 00 10 Micro clip 1416 0111 00 11 Marker band kit 1416 0205 00 12 Pogo pin Pogo pin connector 6 pins 3584 6396 00 13 R S RT ZK2 R S RT ZK2 service kit 1410 5305 02 Table 5 2 Parts for ESD prevention Pos Item Material number 1 ESD wrist strap 0008 9959 00 2 ESD grounding cable 1043 4962 00 Spare Parts ...

Page 45: ...cifications 1 Connect the R S RT ZS60 probe to a Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope as described in Chapter 2 1 Connecting the Probe to the Oscilloscope on page 15 2 Connect the signal pin to the square wave output of the oscilloscope 3 Connect the ground pin to the probe ground connector of the oscilloscope 4 Press the Preset key and then the Autoset key on the oscilloscope A square wave with 1 V amplitu...

Page 46: ...t resistance 6 34 L Leads 13 23 LF capacitance 34 M Micro button 6 17 N N USB adapter 13 O Offset compensation 17 P Pins Inserting and removing 20 Usage 20 Probe box 9 Probe head 8 Probe identification 16 ProbeMeter 6 18 Probing principles 25 Product description 5 R RF resistance 35 S Service kit 13 Service manual 13 Signal integrity 27 Signal loading 32 Spare parts 38 Step response 28 U Unpacking...

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