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Netopia

R2121 Dual Analog Router

User’s Reference Guide

Summary of Contents for R2121

Page 1: ...Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router User s Reference Guide...

Page 2: ...f Netopia Inc Under the law copying includes translation to another language or format Netopia Inc 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda CA 94501 1010 U S A Patents PhoneNET technology contained in Netopia...

Page 3: ...1 Before running SmartStart 3 1 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3 3 SmartStart Wizard configuration screens 3 3 Easy option 3 4 Advanced option 3 8 Sharing the Connection 3 9 Welcome...

Page 4: ...adying computers on your local network 5 1 Connecting to an Ethernet network 5 3 10Base T 5 4 Adding a third modem 5 5 Connecting to a LocalTalk network 5 6 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling 5 7...

Page 5: ...12 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 8 13 Security 8 13 Upgrade Feature Set 8 13 Logging 8 13 Installing the Syslog client 8 14 Chapter 9 Managing Voice and Data Calls 9 1 Specifying telephone...

Page 6: ...rnetwork Packet Exchange IPX 11 1 IPX address 11 2 Socket 11 2 Routing Information Protocol RIP 11 2 Service Advertising Protocol SAP 11 2 NetBIOS 11 3 IPX Spoofing 11 3 IPX setup 11 3 IPX in the answ...

Page 7: ...hapter 14 Security 14 1 Suggested security measures 14 1 User accounts 14 2 Dial in Console Access 14 3 Enable SmartStart SmartView Web Server 14 4 Telnet access 14 4 About filters and filter sets 14...

Page 8: ...rd 14 37 Security authentication components 14 38 Configuring for security authentication 14 38 Connecting using security authentication 14 39 Chapter 15 Utilities and Diagnostics 15 1 Ping 15 2 Trace...

Page 9: ...nternet service provider B 1 Unique requirements B 2 Pricing and support B 2 ISP s Point of presence B 2 Endorsements B 2 Deciding on an ISP account B 2 Setting up a Netopia R2121 account B 2 Obtainin...

Page 10: ...D Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior D 1 Network Configuration D 1 Background D 1 Exported services D 5 Important notes D 6 Configuration D 6 Summary D 8 Appendix E Binary Conversion Table E 1 Append...

Page 11: ...Contents ix G Index Index 1 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies 1...

Page 12: ...x User s Reference Guide...

Page 13: ...office sharing a single IP address Network Address Translation enabled 2 Small Office connection to the Internet with a block of IP addresses Network Address Translation disabled 3 Direct Connection...

Page 14: ...ork Address Translation NAT enabled you should use the following configuration option the SmartStart Wizard included on your Netopia R2121 CD This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and run...

Page 15: ...twork Address Translation disabled you should use the following configuration tool Easy Setup configuration using console based management This option allows maximum flexibility for experienced users...

Page 16: ...izard included on your Netopia R2121 CD For instructions on this option see Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard on page 3 3 If your corporate office assigns you a static IP address use E...

Page 17: ...o create one or more dial in Connection Profiles for each dial in user see Creating a new Connection Profile on page 8 2 You do this using console based management For instructions on using console ba...

Page 18: ...dial out calls using Multilink PPP Install the special optional modem cable available from your reseller or directly from Netopia use the SmartStart Wizard to configure your outbound connection to an...

Page 19: ...P P P Pa a a ar r r rt t t t I I I I G G G Ge e e et t t tt t t ti i i in n n ng g g g S S S St t t ta a a ar r r rt t t te e e ed d d d...

Page 20: ...User s Reference Guide...

Page 21: ...dems or 168Kbps by adding an external 56Kbps modem Support for Ethernet LANs Status lights LEDs for easy monitoring and troubleshooting SmartStart Wizard software for easy configuration over an Ethern...

Page 22: ...this guide This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router It is intended to be viewed on line using the powerful features of the Adobe Acr...

Page 23: ...e available in relation to connecting your Netopia Router to the LAN Available wiring and jacks Distance from the point of installation to the next device length of cable or wall wiring Ease of access...

Page 24: ...es each with its own jack or a single jack wired for two phone lines Identify the connectors and attach the cables Identify the connectors and switches on the back panel and attach the necessary Netop...

Page 25: ...sition You should now have the power adapter plugged in the Ethernet cable connected between the router and your computer and the telephone cables connected between the router and the wall outlets 5 I...

Page 26: ...w displays the back of the Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog back panel 8 Ethernet Normal Uplink Auxiliary Console Power 4 7 3 6 2 5 1 Telco 2 Telco 1 Phone 1 Phone 2 1 8 p...

Page 27: ...wo telephone numbers use the Telco 1 port Telco 1 supports two phone connections on a single line Telco 2 supports a single phone connection Crossover switch a crossover switch with Normal and Uplink...

Page 28: ...ension is off the hook orange for when the attached phone is off the hook when the router initiates an incoming or outgoing call 3 and 9 flash green when data is transmitted 4 and 10 flash yellow when...

Page 29: ...Making the Physical Connections 2 7 when link is detected 14 though 21 are solid green when data is received on their respective ports 14 though 21 flash green When this happens the LEDs...

Page 30: ...2 8 User s Reference Guide...

Page 31: ...hout your having to enter an IP address assign an IP address to your router allow you to register with a new ISP if you don t already have one for analog modem and ISDN models For a list of ISPs that...

Page 32: ...her routers are not SmartStart for the PC will set your TCP IP control panel to Obtain an IP address automatically if it is not already set this way This will cause your computer to reboot If you have...

Page 33: ...e files If you have received a CD or diskette that has been customized by your reseller or ISP you can run the SmartStart Wizard directly from the CD or diskette and follow the instructions your resel...

Page 34: ...static IP address outside the 192 168 1 x network and want to continue using it use the Advanced option to assign the router an IP address in your target IP range See Advanced option on page 3 8 If al...

Page 35: ...4 10 not joe isp com Optionally an alternate DNS if your ISP provided one If you select Manual Entry the Connection Profile screen shown Connection Profile screen on page 3 6 appears Most ISPs will pr...

Page 36: ...Internet Service Provider Selection screen on page 3 5 your ISP will already have provided much of the information required for the connection and these fields will appear grayed out When you have do...

Page 37: ...ick Next While the test is running SmartStart reports its progress in a brief succession of dialog boxes as described below Available Line Test Progress screen SmartStart tests to see if the router ca...

Page 38: ...wn below If you want to reconfigure the router with a new IP address and subnet mask select the second radio button If you do this the New IP Address screen on page 3 9 appears When you have done this...

Page 39: ...mber in this screen Remember the serial number is on the bottom of the router It is also found in your documentation folio Note Forcing a new IP address may turn off the Netopia R2121 s IP address ser...

Page 40: ...ce SmartStart need only be launched once To configure your PC for dynamic addressing do the following Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network to accept IP...

Page 41: ...ts list select the Configuration tab 2 Select TCP IP Your Network Card Then select Properties In the TCP IP Properties screen shown below select the IP Address tab Click Specify an IP Address Enter th...

Page 42: ...lowing information Host Type the name you want to give to this computer Domain Type your domain name If you don t have a domain name type your ISP s domain name for example netopia com DNS Server Sear...

Page 43: ...talled which can only be done after the router is configured You must have built in Ethernet or a third party Ethernet card and its associated drivers installed in your Macintosh Dynamic configuration...

Page 44: ...sure each computer on your network has its own IP address Option Select Type Connect via Ethernet Configure Manually IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 1 1 Name s...

Page 45: ...owing Using Open Transport TCP IP 1 Go to the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then TCP IP 2 With the TCP IP window open go to the Edit menu and select User Mode Choose Advanced and click OK 3 In...

Page 46: ...ct an available zone then click the More button In the MacTCP More window select the Server radio button If necessary fill in the Domain Name Server Information given to you by your administrator 5 Re...

Page 47: ...he Router for information to monitor the Router s state and control connection and disconnection of Connection Profiles SmartView should run under any Java Virtual Machine JVM enabled browser and is t...

Page 48: ...sy access SmartView uses a tabbed view to categorize information and reduce the amount of information displayed at once You click on the tabs to display the different informational categories General...

Page 49: ...opia R2121 records certain relevant occurrences in event histories Event histories are useful for diagnosing problems because they list what happened before during and after a problem occurs You can v...

Page 50: ...4 4 User s Reference Guide Device Event History page WAN Event History page...

Page 51: ...ccess the web based monitoring pages by launching your web browser and entering the URL http router_IP_Address where router_IP_address is the address of your router To view your Connection Profile inf...

Page 52: ...4 6 User s Reference Guide...

Page 53: ...ting to an Ethernet network on page 5 3 Adding a third modem on page 5 5 Connecting to a LocalTalk network on page 5 6 Overview You can connect the Netopia R2121 to an IP or IPX network that uses Ethe...

Page 54: ...r PC computers Windows 95 includes a built in TCP IP stack See Configuring TCP IP on Windows 95 98 or NT computers on page 3 9 Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport See Configuring T...

Page 55: ...her 10Base T or EtherWave Ethernet networks to the Netopia R2121 The following table displays some important attributes of these types of Ethernet Attribute EtherWave 10Base T Max length of backbone b...

Page 56: ...twork To connect your 10Base T network to the Netopia R2121 through an Ethernet port use a 10Base T cable with RJ 45 connectors If you have more than eight devices to connect you can attach additional...

Page 57: ...of optional feature set add ons in your Netopia R2121 documentation folio Netopia R2121 Auxiliary port for connecting a third modem By default the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R2121 is enabled for...

Page 58: ...121 Connect the other end of the cable to your LocalTalk network You can use only one connection on the Auxiliary port You cannot use both the PhoneNET connector and an external modem If your LocalTal...

Page 59: ...etailed configuration instructions see AppleTalk Setup on page 12 1 Topology 22 gauge 642 mm 24 gauge 510 mm 26 gauge 403 mm daisy chain n a n a 1800 ft 549 m backbone 4500 ft 1372 m 3000 ft 229 m 180...

Page 60: ...5 8 User s Reference Guide...

Page 61: ...P P P Pa a a ar r r rt t t t I I I II I I I A A A Ad d d dv v v va a a an n n nc c c ce e e ed d d d C C C Co o o on n n nf f f fi i i ig g g gu u u ur r r ra a a at t t ti i i io o o on n n n...

Page 62: ...User s Reference Guide...

Page 63: ...nagement screens contain seven entry points to the Netopia Router configuration and monitoring features The entry points are displayed in the Main Menu shown below The Easy Setup menus display and per...

Page 64: ...gs that show information about your router your network and their history See Statistics Logs on page 13 4 for detailed information The Quick Menus screen is a shortcut entry point to twenty two of th...

Page 65: ...tosh computer via the serial port on the computer On a Macintosh the serial port is called the Modem port or the Printer port This connection lets you use the computer to configure and monitor the Net...

Page 66: ...firmware contains an autobaud detection feature If you are at any screen on the serial console you can change your baud rate and press Return HyperTerminal for the PC requires a disconnect The new bau...

Page 67: ...rving password protect configuration access to your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router How to access the Easy Setup console screens To access the console screens Telnet to the Netopia Router over your E...

Page 68: ...Console port the console s serial port is not being used by another device such as an internal modem or an application Turn off all other programs other than your terminal emulation program that may...

Page 69: ...ust either be in a hunt group where a single telephone number services multiple lines or the answering side must implement MP or BAP as a method to advise the calling side what number s to use ISPs or...

Page 70: ...your ISP told you to use PAP CHAP PAP TOKEN or CACHE TOKEN If you choose any of these authentication methods go to the next step If your ISP does not use any of these authentication methods choose Non...

Page 71: ...IP address your ISP has given you 5 The Default IP Gateway defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection profile If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination...

Page 72: ...access any of the configuration screens Additional security features are available See Security on page 14 1 The final step in configuring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia R21...

Page 73: ...2121 Dual Analog Router You can customize these features for your individual setup These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router s connection profiles and system c...

Page 74: ...R2121 Dual Analog Router you can add up to 15 more connection profiles for a total of 16 1 Select Profile Name and enter a name for this connection profile It can be any name you wish For example the...

Page 75: ...Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape For more information see IPX Setup on page 11 1 IP Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes Local WA...

Page 76: ...s If your ISP uses PAP or PAP TOKEN select Send User Name and enter the user name your ISP gave you to connect If you selected PAP select Send Password and enter your password If you selected PAP TOKE...

Page 77: ...ynamic 1 to 3 channels if available will be used depending on traffic volume 1 Channel Only 1 channel will be used 2 Channels 2 channels will be preferred 2 Channel Preemptable 2 channels will be used...

Page 78: ...turn Your new Connection Profile will be added Viewing or editing connection profiles If you want to view or edit the connection profiles in your router return to the WAN Configuration screen and sele...

Page 79: ...ars Select the profile you want to delete and press Return When prompted select CONTINUE and the connection profile will be deleted Change Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 02 Profile Enabled Ye...

Page 80: ...1 1 The console screen will open to the Main Menu similar to the screen shown below Navigating through the System Configuration screens To help you find your way to particular screens some sections in...

Page 81: ...oing connection profiles to connect to more than one remote location for example to connect to the Internet and to a network at another office System Configuration of dynamic IP address distribution t...

Page 82: ...Size 1500 Physical Layer Telco Parameters Dial is set to Dial In Out Dial On Demand is set to Yes Callback is set to No Idle Time out is set for 300 seconds Layer Category Parameter Type Options Defau...

Page 83: ...twork by means of filter sets and a basic firewall Details are given in Security on page 14 1 IP Address Serving These screens allow you to configure IP Address serving on your network by means of DHC...

Page 84: ...le Configuration You can change the default terminal communications parameters to suit your requirements To go to the Console Configuration screen select Console Configuration in the System Configurat...

Page 85: ...visit the Netopia web site at www netopia com for information on new feature sets how to obtain them and how to install them on your Netopia R2121 Logging You can configure a UNIX compatible syslog c...

Page 86: ...ified in the Logging Configuration screen To install the Syslog client daemon exit from the graphical Netopia CD program and locate the CD directory structure through your Windows desktop or through W...

Page 87: ...14 06 tsnext farallon com WAN 56K Modem 1 activated at 115 Kbps Nov 5 10 14 06 tsnext farallon com Connect Confirmed to our DN 5108645534 Nov 5 10 14 06 tsnext farallon com PPP Channel 1 up Answer Pr...

Page 88: ...8 16 User s Reference Guide...

Page 89: ...oming calls are set up authenticated filtered and more This chapter also describes how to use the Netopia R2121 s SmartPhone feature With SmartPhone other analog devices such as telephones facsimile m...

Page 90: ...ault Answer Profile Scheduled Connections Call Accounting Configuration Establish WAN Connection Disconnect WAN Connection Return Enter for WAN line configuration From here you will configure yours an...

Page 91: ...configuration where a fax machine or other device shares the line but uses a different telephone number and ring pattern Supported options are You may choose when the Netopia R2121 s modem connection...

Page 92: ...utinizes incoming calls Like the guard booth the Default Answer Profile allows calls based on a set of criteria that you define The main criterion used to check calls is whether they match one of the...

Page 93: ...uthentication is attempted if the calling number is available If authentication fails or the calling number is not available the call proceeds as usual and the caller may still connect successfully Us...

Page 94: ...e only accepts calls that use the same authentication method defined in the Authentication item If PAP or CHAP are involved the caller must have a name and password or secret that match one of the con...

Page 95: ...on to None To not allow any incoming calls to connect to the Netopia Router Toggle Must Match a Defined Profile to Yes and Set the Dial option in the Telco Options screen of every connection profile t...

Page 96: ...r representing a day is capitalized the connection will be activated on that day a lower case letter means that the connection will not be activated on that day If the scheduled connection is configur...

Page 97: ...d Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen and press Return The Add Scheduled Connection screen appears Follow these steps to configure the new scheduled connection To activate the connection se...

Page 98: ...enter the time in the format H M where H is a one or two digit number representing the hour and M is a one or two digit number representing the minutes The colon is mandatory For example the entry Sel...

Page 99: ...ct Place Call On Date and enter a date in the format MM DD YY or MM DD YYYY month day year Note You must enter the date in the format specified The slashes are mandatory For example the entry 5 7 98 w...

Page 100: ...of scheduled connections Select a scheduled connection from the table and go to the Change Scheduled Connection screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Scheduled Conn...

Page 101: ...of the month for the Router to reset the Call Account ing Statistics 3 Select Maximum Aggregate connect time HH MM and enter the total amount of time to allow for out bound calls where HH is the hour...

Page 102: ...s screen from the Main Menu and select Call Accounting Statistics Main Menu WAN Configuration Display Change Connection Profile Telco Options Telco Options Dial Dial In Out Dialing Prefix Number to Di...

Page 103: ...splays the total remaining time of all outbound calls placed during the recording interval Remaining Time HH MM displays how much time is left in the recording interval If call accounting is not Call...

Page 104: ...t the counters or CANCEL to leave them as is If you select Profile Statistics the following screen appears You can view the individual usage statistics for each of the Connection Profiles you have def...

Page 105: ...setup on page 10 6 IP address serving on page 10 16 Network Address Translation allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia R2121 and the Internet using a single IP address instead o...

Page 106: ...flexibility it does have an important limitation The router will require a static IP address to support Web FTP or other services available to the WAN To support these services with Network Address T...

Page 107: ...r 10 0 0 4 to a Windows NT PC 10 0 0 5 to a Windows 95 PC Note See Associating port numbers to nodes on page 10 5 3 You created a Connection Profile for your ISP when you ran the SmartStart applicatio...

Page 108: ...s that the address was assigned dynamically by Network Address Translation IP Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes Local WAN IP Address 0 0 0 0 Remote IP Address 0 0 0 0 Remote IP Mask 2...

Page 109: ...g multiple Connection Profiles You can enable Network Address Translation on one connection profile disable it on another and use the two profiles simultaneously The profiles might have the following...

Page 110: ...the Router routes IP traffic Consult your network administrator or Internet Service Provider to obtain the IP setup information such as the Ethernet IP Address Ethernet Subnet Mask Default IP Gateway...

Page 111: ...ISP s router Select DNS Server and enter the IP address for a domain name server The domain name server matches the alphabetic addresses favored by people for example robin hood com to the IP addresse...

Page 112: ...10 0 0 2 Some services such as Timbuktu require the export of multiple TCP ports When you associate Timbuktu with a local server or Timbuktu host all of the major Timbuktu services are exported i e Ob...

Page 113: ...s for example 163 7 8 202 If a secondary DNS server is available select Secondary DNS Server and enter its IP address The secondary DNS server is used by the Netopia R2121 when the primary DNS server...

Page 114: ...subnet mask pairs Note You need not use this screen if you have only a single Ethernet IP subnet In that case you can continue to enter or edit the IP address and subnet mask for the single subnet on...

Page 115: ...subnet is deleted the values in subsequent rows adjust up to fill the vacant fields Note that the subnets configured on this screen are tied to the address serving pools configured on the IP Address P...

Page 116: ...er that tells the Netopia R2121 how to reach a particular network However static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia R2121...

Page 117: ...f the destination network Subnet Mask The subnet mask associated with the destination network Next Gateway The IP address of the router that will be used to reach the destination network Static Routes...

Page 118: ...ay IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia R2121 will use to reach the destination network This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network but i...

Page 119: ...the table and press Return to delete it To exit the table without deleting the selected static route press the Escape key Rules of static route installation The Netopia R2121 applies certain rules be...

Page 120: ...OTP address assignments are permanent since there is no lease renewal mechanism in BOOTP The third protocol called Dynamic WAN is part of the PPP MP suite of wide area protocols used for WAN connectio...

Page 121: ...atic IP addresses so that you can determine the pool of IP addresses that you will be serving addresses from via DHCP BOOTP Dynamic WAN and or MacIP Example Your ISP has given your Netopia R2121 the I...

Page 122: ...ks with NetBIOS a non IBM network operating system or network interface card must offer a NetBIOS emulator Many vendors either provide a version of NetBIOS to interface with their hardware or emulate...

Page 123: ...rver You are now finished setting up DHCP NetBIOS Options To return to the IP Address Serving screen press the Escape key once To enable BootP s address serving capability select Serve BOOTP Clients a...

Page 124: ...L UP 192 168 1 100 DHCP 00 59 EN 08 00 07 16 0c 85 192 168 1 101 192 168 1 102 192 168 1 103 192 168 1 104 BOOTP 00 44 EN 00 00 c5 4a 1f ea 192 168 1 105 192 168 1 106 192 168 1 107 192 168 1 108 192...

Page 125: ...ing and then configuring that type KIP forwarding is simply a method for distributing IP addresses to AppleTalk clients To go to the MacIP Setup screen select MacIP KIP Clients in the IP Address Servi...

Page 126: ...10 22 User s Reference Guide...

Page 127: ...IP and SAP NetBIOS broadcast packet forwarding IPX type 20 IPX packet filtering definable by source and destination IPX address and socket number for added security IPX SAP filtering to aid in optimiz...

Page 128: ...des timing information ticks so that the fastest route to a destination can be determined IPX routers use RIP to create and dynamically maintain databases of internetwork routing information See the l...

Page 129: ...out bringing up the dial up link Similarly SPX keep alive packets are treated in this manner IPX RIP and SAP messages will not be sent if the link is down Together these features enable the user to re...

Page 130: ...BIOS Forwarding and toggle it to Yes This parameter will determine whether IPX Packet type 20 packets are forwarded on the Ethernet interface These packets are used by NetBIOS and some other applicati...

Page 131: ...e base address you enter must not conflict with other IPX networks assigned to your IPX internet IPX in the answer profile The answer profile can be configured to accept calls from remote IPX networks...

Page 132: ...n are similar to the IPX Profile Parameters items of the same name see page 11 5 IPX Parameters Default Answer Profile NetBios Packet Forwarding Off Incoming Packet Filter Set Outgoing Packet Filter S...

Page 133: ...outing Tables screen This table shows detailed information about available IPX services and their location Main Menu IPX Routing Table IPX SAP Bindery Table Statistics Logs IPX Routing Table Net Addr...

Page 134: ...11 8 User s Reference Guide...

Page 135: ...isted pair or coaxial over which information travels from one device to another AppleTalk protocol AppleTalk is a protocol set for local area networks developed by Apple Computer While initially appli...

Page 136: ...server etc includes choosing a zone from which the service can be selected Like network numbers zone names are assigned by routers A routing table is maintained by each AppleTalk router The table ser...

Page 137: ...reement between routers on a network a seed router is configured with the correct information and other routers obtain their information from that router when they are turned on or reset Routers commo...

Page 138: ...ding or non seeding and the Netopia R2121 must already be active when those other routers are rebooted If you want the Netopia R2121 and all other routers on your network to use only their own configu...

Page 139: ...grade Feature Set Netopia Feature Set Upgrade You may be able to extend the features of your Netopia by purchasing a Software Upgrade For a list of available upgrades please see the release notes that...

Page 140: ...y present on the EtherTalk network that you will be connecting to the Netopia R2121 use the zone names and network numbers used by that router for that EtherTalk network Otherwise your EtherTalk netwo...

Page 141: ...If you are using LocalTalk with the Netopia R2121 select LocalTalk Enabled and make sure LocalTalk is set to On which is the default Note Since the LocalTalk connector attaches to the Auxiliary port...

Page 142: ...To activate AURP and enable connections to and from AURP partners select AURP Enable and toggle it to On Viewing AURP partners To see a table of existing AURP partners select Display Show Partners an...

Page 143: ...vored by people for example chagall arts edu Domain names are matched to the IP addresses actually used by IP routers for example 163 7 8 202 To initiate a connection with an AURP partner select Initi...

Page 144: ...when two networks one local and one remote have the same network number This may cause network routing ambiguities than can result in routing errors Select Tickle Pkt Rqst Interval HH MM SS and set th...

Page 145: ...bled With remapping the Netopia R2121 will substitute network numbers not used by your network for the numbers of other remote networks These safe remappings will only be used by local routers on your...

Page 146: ...12 12 User s Reference Guide...

Page 147: ...n covers the following topics Quick View status overview on page 13 1 Statistics Logs on page 13 4 Event Histories on page 13 5 Routing Tables on page 13 8 Served IP Addresses on page 13 11 System Inf...

Page 148: ...ame of your ISP MAC Address The Netopia R2121 s hardware address for those interfaces that support DHCP IP Address The Netopia R2121 s IP address entered in the IP Setup screen IPX Address The Netopia...

Page 149: ...e connection was locally Lcl or remotely Rmt established More Info Indicates in order of priority the NAT address in use for this connection the IPX address in use if IP is also in use or the ISDN cal...

Page 150: ...data ports This information is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting your LAN The left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following protocols IP...

Page 151: ...ets transmitted through the channel Event Histories The Netopia R2121 records certain relevant occurrences in event histories Event histories are useful for diagnosing problems because they list what...

Page 152: ...egotiated session 1 11 22 98 01 56 49 PPP CCP negotiated session 1 type Ascend LZS 11 22 98 01 56 49 PPP IPXCP negotiated session 1 11 22 98 01 56 49 PPP IPCP negotiated session 1 rem 163 176 249 1 11...

Page 153: ...The most recent events appear at the top To go to the Device Event History screen select Device Event History in the Statistics Logs screen If the event history exceeds the size of the screen you can...

Page 154: ...l of the IP IPX and AppleTalk routes in the Netopia R2121 s IP IPX and AppleTalk routing tables respectively To go to a Routing Table screen select the Routing Table you are interested in from the Sta...

Page 155: ...SAP Bindery Table screen select IPX Sap Bindery Table in the Statistics Logs screen and press Return AppleTalk routing table The AppleTalk routing table displays information about the current state of...

Page 156: ...again to close the list of zones Hops Displays the number of routers between the Netopia R2121 and the specified network State Displays the state of the specified route based on the frequency of Rout...

Page 157: ...es screen appears You can manage DHCP leases by selecting Lease Management in this screen Served IP Addresses IP Address Type Expires Client Identifier SCROLL UP 192 168 1 100 DHCP 00 36 EN 00 00 c5 4...

Page 158: ...g for the default one hour lease period to elapse Release BootP leases that may be in place and which may no longer be required Reclaim served leases that have been declined for example by devices whi...

Page 159: ...ment Information Base MIB documents MIB II RFC 1213 Interface MIB RFC 1229 Ethernet MIB RFC 1643 AppleTalk MIB I RFC 1243 Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia R2121 CD included with the Netopia R...

Page 160: ...ly in the MIB II system group Although optional the information you enter in these items can help a system administrator manage the network more efficiently Community strings The Read Only Community S...

Page 161: ...rations and Set Requests are still allowed using the non empty Read Write community string Caution Even if you decide not to use SNMP you should change the community strings This prevents unauthorized...

Page 162: ...eceivers screen Modifying IP trap receivers 1 To edit an IP trap receiver select Display Change IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen 2 Select an IP trap receiver from the table and press R...

Page 163: ...12 have information on what filters are how they work how to customize them and how to use them in sets For information on IPX filters and filter sets see IPX filters beginning on page 14 22 Firewall...

Page 164: ...ain Menu To set up user accounts select Security in the System Configuration screen and go to the Security Options screen Protecting the Security Options screen The first screen you should protect is...

Page 165: ...ount from the list and press Return to delete it To exit the list without deleting the selected account press the Escape key Dial in Console Access Remote modem terminal emulator setups can dial in to...

Page 166: ...o See SNMP traps on page 13 15 To restrict Telnet access to all of the configuration screens select Enable Telnet Console Access and toggle it to No About filters and filter sets Security should be a...

Page 167: ...ld be as specific as a street address or as broad as an entire country and checks each package s destination address to see if it matches that destination A filter inspects data packets like a customs...

Page 168: ...ected by the second inspector and never seen by the others A package from London is ignored by the first two inspectors and so it s seen by the third inspector In the same way filter sets apply their...

Page 169: ...g rule Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199 211 211 17 This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199 211 211 17 If a match occurs the p...

Page 170: ...port number specified in the filter with the packet s port number Not Equal To For the filter to match the packet s port number cannot equal the port number specified in the filter Less Than For the f...

Page 171: ...each filter s attributes The filter s priority in the set Filter number 1 with the highest priority is first in the table Source IP Addr The packet source IP address to match Dest IP Addr The packet d...

Page 172: ...lock while the destination address is any IP address How these IP addresses are masked determines what the final match will be although the mask is not displayed in the table that displays the filter...

Page 173: ...lt This tells the filter to ignore the IP protocol or type of IP packet Design guidelines Careful thought should go into designing a new filter set You should consider the following guidelines Be sure...

Page 174: ...ork may be vulnerable An approach to using filters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compromising authorized access Using filter sets is pa...

Page 175: ...in up to 16 output filters and up to 16 input filters To add a new filter set select Add IP Filter Set in the IP Filter Sets screen and press Return to go to the Add Filter Set screen Note There are t...

Page 176: ...ns no filters but you can return to it later to add filters see Modifying filter sets on page 14 18 Or you can add filters to your new set before saving it see Adding filters to a filter set on page 1...

Page 177: ...r local network is the destination of the packets it checks and the remote network is their source From the perspective of an output filter your local network is the source of the packets and the remo...

Page 178: ...ss This allows you to further modify the way the filter will match on the destination address Enter 0 0 0 0 to force the filter to match on all destination IP addresses 7 Select Protocol Type and ente...

Page 179: ...n are the same as the ones in the Add Filter screen see Adding filters to a filter set on page 14 15 Deleting filters To delete a filter select Delete Input Filter Delete Output Filter in the Add Filt...

Page 180: ...n the IP Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets Select a filter set from the list and press Return to delete it Press the Escape key to exit the list without deleting the filter set A sam...

Page 181: ...CP and UDP traffic respectively when the destination port is greater than 1023 This type of traffic generally does not allow a remote host to connect to the LAN using one of the potentially intrusive...

Page 182: ...be the only one used with Basic Firewall The results of combining filter set modifications can be difficult to predict It is recommended that you take special care if making more than one modification...

Page 183: ...on Equal Dest Port ID 21 Note A similar filter could be used to permit Telnet or WWW access Set the Dest Port ID to 23 for Telnet or 80 for WWW AURP tunnel To allow an AURP tunnel between a remote AUR...

Page 184: ...y against that server being accessed IPX packet filtering must be used for that purpose Setting up and using IPX filter sets is a four step process 1 Create the filters to use 2 Create the filter sets...

Page 185: ...press Return to go to the Change Packet Filter screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Packet Filter screen see the next section Adding a packet filter To add a new I...

Page 186: ...er screen without saving the new filter Deleting a packet filter To delete a packet filter select Delete IPX Packet Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of filters Selec...

Page 187: ...the Show Filters Change Actions on Match screen Select a filter and toggle the packet forwarding action to Yes pass or No discard Add Packet Filter Set Filter Set Name Show Filters Change Action on Ma...

Page 188: ...deleting the filter set Note Deleting a filter set does not delete the filters in that set However the filters in the deleted set are no longer in effect unless they are part of another set The delete...

Page 189: ...uding a null string no characters and to match any single character in the server s name For example the filter could match on the server name NETOPIA with NETO NETO IA and NETOPIA 3 To specify a sock...

Page 190: ...in the list select the desired filter set and go to the Change SAP Filter Set screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add SAP Filter Set screen see the previous section A...

Page 191: ...key 5 Select ADD FILTER SET NOW to save the current filter set Select CANCEL to exit the Add SAP Filter Set screen without saving the new filter set Deleting a SAP filter set To delete a SAP filter se...

Page 192: ...r information as follows This header information is what the packet filter uses to make filtering decisions It is important to note that a packet filter does not look into the IP datastream the User D...

Page 193: ...ordering is critical If a packet is passed through a series of filter rules and then the packet matches a rule the appropriate action is taken The packet will not pass through the remainder of the fi...

Page 194: ...Ding are as follows 0 AND 0 0 0 AND 1 0 1 AND 0 0 1 AND 1 1 For example Filter rule Deny IP 163 176 1 15 BINARY 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 Mask 255 255 255 255 BINARY 11111111 11111111 111111...

Page 195: ...his is an example of the Netopia IP filter set screen Filter Basics In the source or destination IP address fields the IP address that is entered MUST be the NETWORK address of the subnet A HOST addre...

Page 196: ...Equal Matches the port or any port greater Greater Than Matches anything greater than the port defined Filter Rule 200 1 1 0 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 128 Source IP Mask Forward No What h...

Page 197: ...he packet does not match Example 3 Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 184 Filter Rule 200 1 1 0 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 128 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match...

Page 198: ...NOT be passed Example 5 Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 96 Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 240 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match IP Addres...

Page 199: ...0 seconds At login authorized users enter their password and the code displayed on their SecurID token card While a password may be compromised the constantly changing access code which requires the t...

Page 200: ...2121 currently only supports Ascend routers as ACMs An external Netopia R2121 calling into a designated server For example a telecommuter dialing into a remote site from a Netopia R2121 interested in...

Page 201: ...rst connection profile you can also enter your authentication information in the Easy Setup Connection Profile screen Connecting using security authentication You can initiate a connection call using...

Page 202: ...ompted PPP negotiation will continue If the call is specified for PAP TOKEN and the session involves more than one connection you will be prompted for each connection being brought up Utilities Diagno...

Page 203: ...From the fields that appear select Enter PASSCODE and press Return Enter your PIN and the code displayed on your security authentication token card LED screen 3 Once the call is established and you e...

Page 204: ...14 42 User s Reference Guide...

Page 205: ...ole Session on page 15 7 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP on page 15 7 Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM on page 15 10 Factory defaults on page 15 7 Rest...

Page 206: ...ng is adequate in most cases but you may change it to any value from 1 to 4 294 967 295 3 Select Data Size to change the default setting This is the size in bytes of each Ping packet sent The default...

Page 207: ...er host which responds with return Ping packets Note that the second return Ping packet is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia R2121 before the third Ping packet is sent Th...

Page 208: ...wed The TTL value defines the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped and a destination unreachable notification is returned to the sender...

Page 209: ...tion router The default is Yes 5 Select START TRACE ROUTE and press Return The screen will be replaced by a scrolling screen listing the destination the number of hops the IP addresses of each hop and...

Page 210: ...ll appear in the Telnet screen not shown Resume Suspended Session select this one if you want to go back to your Telnet session Terminate Suspended Session select this one if you want to end the sessi...

Page 211: ...ter to its factory default settings Call Netopia Tech Support for instructions on using the Reset Switch Note Reset to factory defaults with caution You will need to reconfigure all your settings in t...

Page 212: ...ODEM transfer and later updates will be available on the Netopia website Router firmware updates are also periodically posted on the Netopia website To update either the Router s or the internal modem...

Page 213: ...ownload the firmware the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Downloading configuration...

Page 214: ...y Netopia or your network administrator To upload a configuration file follow these steps 1 Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server n...

Page 215: ...ut downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the firmware...

Page 216: ...initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transf...

Page 217: ...ftware will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again Restarting the system You can restart the system by selecting the Restart System item in the Utilities Diagnostics screen You mu...

Page 218: ...15 14 User s Reference Guide...

Page 219: ...P P P Pa a a ar r r rt t t t I I I II I I II I I I A A A Ap p p pp p p pe e e en n n nd d d di i i ix x x xe e e es s s s...

Page 220: ...User s Reference Guide...

Page 221: ...mmunication line s 3 the telecommunication line s connection to your ISP and 4 the ISP s connection to the Internet If the connection from the computer to the router was not successful check the follo...

Page 222: ...peed of 9600 bps and setting your terminal emulation software to match the new speed Network problems This section contains tips on ways you can troubleshoot a networking problem Problems communicatin...

Page 223: ...tacting technical support Environment profile Locate the Netopia R2121 s model number product serial number and firmware version The serial number is on the bottom side of the Router along with the mo...

Page 224: ...865 1321 Online product information Product information can be found in the following Netopia World Wide Web server via http www netopia com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp netopia com pub FAX Back...

Page 225: ...your router If you have purchased your Netopia R2121 through a Netopia ISP partner you may have received a customized configuration file from the ISP that will allow you to make an immediate connectio...

Page 226: ...ur ISP may offer various Internet access account plans Typically these plans vary by usage charges and the number of host IP addresses supplied Evaluate your networking needs and discuss them with you...

Page 227: ...u should obtain the following If you are dialing out to a remote site using Network Address Translation on your router your provider will not define the IP address information on your local LAN You ca...

Page 228: ...ress Translation you will need to obtain all of the Local LAN IP address information from your ISP Remote WAN IP address information to obtain The telephone number of the ISP s local or nearby dial up...

Page 229: ...etwork protocol is the Internet Protocol also known as IP Like many other protocols IP uses packets or formatted chunks of data to communicate Note This guide uses the term IP in a very general and in...

Page 230: ...y Class C networks have a small number of possible host numbers but a large number of possible network numbers Thus the InterNIC assigns Class A addresses to large organizations that have very large n...

Page 231: ...t determine this information simply from an IP address Subnet mask information is configured as part of the process of setting up IP routers and gateways such as the Netopia R2121 Note If you receive...

Page 232: ...255 128 mask 192 168 1 2 via router Usable IP Addresses available to Customer Site A 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 126 Netopia R2121 A IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 128 Remote IP 192 168 1 12...

Page 233: ...ess Customer Site A but not the Internet If it is not possible to define a Static Route on Router B RIP could be enabled to serve the same purpose To use RIP instead of a Static Route enable Transmit...

Page 234: ...ll be helpful in determining dynamic address allocation for a network The term lease describes the action of a workstation requesting and using an IP address The address is dynamic and can be returned...

Page 235: ...Mac workstation will relinquish its address upon shutdown in all but one case If the TCP IP control panel is set to initialize at start up and no IP services are used or the TCP IP control panel is n...

Page 236: ...ted addresses are sometimes called static addresses Static addresses are useful in cases when you want to make sure that a host on your network cannot have its address taken away by the address server...

Page 237: ...s IP Setup screen This method requires a static value to be used Thus any user dialing in can obtain the same IP address for every connection to the profile If you want to serve addresses statically...

Page 238: ...199 1 1 32 is reserved as the network address Address 199 1 1 47 is reserved as the broadcast address This leaves 14 addresses to allocate from 199 1 1 33 through 199 1 1 46 If you want to allocate a...

Page 239: ...address can be used on your main network while portions of it can be subnetted to the two remaining networks Note The IP address a b c 0 has letters in place of the first three numbers to generalize i...

Page 240: ...s The Netopia R2121 compares the packet s destination IP address with the routes in its IP routing table It begins with the route at the bottom of the list and works up until there s a match or the ro...

Page 241: ...kets as well as to packets addressed to their specific individual host addresses Depending on the age and type of IP equipment you use broadcasts will be addressed using either all zeros or all ones b...

Page 242: ...C 14 User s Reference Guide...

Page 243: ...endix Background NAT is a mechanism employed within the Netopia R2121 to acquire a statically or dynamically assigned IP address on its WAN interface and proxy against locally assigned IP addresses on...

Page 244: ...192 168 X X Class C address range which is used for networks not attached to the Internet This address range is described in RFC 1597 The dynamic IP address acquisition on the WAN interface of the Net...

Page 245: ...receives this IP packet from the WWW Server the Netopia R2121 replaces the destination IP address with 192 168 5 2 the address for Workstation A The port is changed back to 400 the IP packet checksum...

Page 246: ...imilar to the following Netopia Router Wkstn A to Netopia Src IP 192 168 5 2 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 400 Dst Port 80 Workstations A B Netopia Router LAN 192 168 5 1 WAN 200 1 1 40 Netopia to ISP...

Page 247: ...local LAN interface For example suppose the WWW Server on the Internet with the IP address of 163 176 4 32 wants to access Workstation B on the Netopia R2121s local LAN interface which is operating as...

Page 248: ...topia R2121 s LAN interface that can be accessible by workstations on the Internet This is due to the fact that within the Netopia R2121 and IP there is no way to distinguish between multiple servers...

Page 249: ...Netopia R2121 s LAN interface destined for the Internet without any additional configuration For incoming IP connections from the Internet to a host on the Netopia R2121 s LAN interface Exported Servi...

Page 250: ...pes of services can be redirected to a single or multiple hosts For example port 80 WWW Server could be redirected to 192 168 5 3 on the Netopia R2121 s LAN interface as well as port 23 Telnet can be...

Page 251: ...104 1101000 9 1001 41 101001 73 1001001 105 1101001 10 1010 42 101010 74 1001010 106 1101010 11 1011 43 101011 75 1001011 107 1101011 12 1100 44 101100 76 1001100 108 1101100 13 1101 45 101101 77 100...

Page 252: ...173 10101101 205 11001101 237 11101101 142 10001110 174 10101110 206 11001110 238 11101110 143 10001111 175 10101111 207 11001111 239 11101111 144 10010000 176 10110000 208 11010000 240 11110000 145...

Page 253: ...E Network March 1988 Chapman D Brent and Elizabeth D Zwicky Building Internet Firewalls Sebastopol CA O Reilly Associates 1995 Dense and technical but Chapter 6 provides a basic introduction to packet...

Page 254: ...ork Van Nostrand Reinhold 1991 Malamud C Analyzing Novell Networks New York New York Van Nostrand Reinhold 1991 Malamud C Analyzing Sun Networks New York New York Van Nostrand Reinhold 1991 Martin J S...

Page 255: ...escription of the theory and application and an explanation of the standardization process Spragins J D et al Telecommunications Protocols and Design Reading Massachusetts Addison Wesley Publishing Co...

Page 256: ...F 4 User s Reference Guide...

Page 257: ...nd d d d S S S Sa a a af f f fe e e et t t ty y y y I I I In n n nf f f fo o o or r r rm m m ma a a at t t ti i i io o o on n n n Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable HD 15 DB 25 Pin 1 Ground Pin 1...

Page 258: ...mps Environment Operating temperature 0 to 40 C Storage temperature 0 to 70 C Relative storage humidity 20 to 80 non condensing Pin 9 DSR Pin 9 RSET EIA 530 Pin 10 DCD Pin 10 not used Pin 11 not used...

Page 259: ...ct may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures Adequate measures include increasing the physical distance between this product and other electrical de...

Page 260: ...rtant This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components Changes or modifications to this product not authori...

Page 261: ...the main power disconnect locate the direct plug in power supply near the product for easy access For use only with CSA Certified Class 2 power supply rated 12VDC 1 5A Telecommunication installation c...

Page 262: ...G 6 User s Reference Guide...

Page 263: ...bound rate of 67 2Kbps This means that your incoming email file transfers and downloads web browsing and so on occur at 104Kbps while your outgoing information such as outbound email travels at 67 2Kb...

Page 264: ...onnect somewhere between 45 and 50K Many connect at 52K Connect rates between 40 and 50K are in no way a failure on the part of the Internet Service Provider but simply a fact of life in trying to ext...

Page 265: ...ngle length of cable with multiple network connection points Bandwidth The range of frequencies expressed in Kilobits per second that can pass over a given data transmission channel within a network T...

Page 266: ...s may be used to allow an SNMP user to gather device information or change device configurations CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check A computational means to ensure the integrity of a block of data The mathem...

Page 267: ...used in conjunction with special software packages that allow computers to use networking protocols not originally designed for them hard seeding A router setting In hard seeding if a router that has...

Page 268: ...products to other companies and consumers ITU International Telecommunication Union United Nations specialized agency for telecommunications Successor to CCITT K56flex A modem data transmission techno...

Page 269: ...the network connected to the non seeding port If it receives this information it begins to route packets through that port See also hard seeding seeding seed router and soft seeding packet A group of...

Page 270: ...ten be set separately for each router port See also hard seeding non seeding seed router and soft seeding seed router A router that provides network number and zone information to any router that star...

Page 271: ...ional Telecommunications Union is expected to ratify the unified standard thereby allowing interoperability of modems and ISPs central site equipment with appropriate firmware upgrades wall jack A sma...

Page 272: ...8 User s Reference Guide...

Page 273: ...twork number remapping 12 11 receiving connections 12 10 setup 12 3 12 8 AURP setup 12 8 AURP tunnel 14 21 authentication and answer profile 9 6 B Basic Firewall 14 19 BOOTP 10 16 BOOTP Clients 10 19...

Page 274: ...file 15 9 downloading a configuration file 15 9 Downloading configuration files 15 12 downloading configuration files with TFTP 15 9 with XMODEM 15 12 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP 10 16 Dy...

Page 275: ...ilters 14 23 IPX SAP Bindery Table 11 7 IPX SAP filters 14 26 IPX Setup 11 1 IPX Spoofing 11 3 ISP account types B 2 finding B 1 L LED Status 13 3 LEDs 2 6 13 3 LocalTalk 12 7 connecting 5 6 setup 12...

Page 276: ...2 proxy addresses 10 1 Q Quick View 13 1 R Resetting the system 15 13 resetting the system 15 13 restricting telnet access 14 4 RIP 10 9 router to serve IP addresses to hosts 10 1 Routing Information...

Page 277: ...e 15 8 uploading configuration files 15 10 TFTP transferring files 15 7 Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP 15 7 Trivial File Transfer Protocol see TFTP Troubleshooting A 1 troubleshooting console bas...

Page 278: ...0 3 WAN event history 13 6 WAN statistics 13 4 13 5 Windows 95 SmartStart 3 3 X XMODEM 15 10 XMODEM file transfers downloading configuration files 15 12 updating firmware 15 11 uploading configuration...

Page 279: ...R CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED ABOVE NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S DO NOT WARRANT GUARANTEE OR MAKE ANY REPRESEN...

Page 280: ...2 User s Reference Guide...

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