background image

First Printing — April 1998

Copyright 1998

NEC Computer Systems Division

Packard Bell NEC, Inc.

1414 Massachusetts Avenue

Boxborough, MA   01719-2298

All Rights Reserved

PROPRIETARY NOTICE AND LIABILITY DISCLAIMER

The information disclosed in this document, including all designs and related materials, is
the valuable property of NEC Computer Systems Division, Packard Bell NEC, Inc.
(hereinafter “NEC CSD”) and/or its licensors. NEC CSD and/or its licensors, as appropri-
ate, reserve all patent, copyright and other proprietary rights to this document, including all
design, manufacturing, reproduction, use, and sales rights thereto, except to the extent said
rights are expressly granted to others.

The NEC CSD product(s) discussed in this document are warranted in accordance with the
terms of the Warranty Statement accompanying each product. However, actual
performance of each such product is dependent upon factors such as system configuration,
customer data, and operator control. Since implementation by customers of each product
may vary, the suitability of specific product configurations and applications must be
determined by the customer and is not warranted by NEC CSD.

To allow for design and specification improvements, the information in this document is
subject to change at any time, without notice. Reproduction of this document or portions
thereof without prior written approval of NEC CSD is prohibited.

As an ENERGY STAR partner, NEC Computer Systems Division (NEC CSD) has determined that this product meets the ENERGY STAR

guidelines for energy efficiency.

FaxFlash is a service mark NEC Computer Systems Division (NEC CSD), Packard Bell NEC, Inc.

Direction is a trademark of Packard Bell NEC, Inc.

NEC and MultiSync are registered trademarks of NEC Corporation, used under license.

ENERGY STAR is a U.S. registered trademark.

All other product, brand, or trade names used in this publication are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark

owners.

Summary of Contents for DIRECTION SP B - SERVICE 1998

Page 1: ...ependent upon factors such as system configuration customer data and operator control Since implementation by customers of each product may vary the suitability of specific product configurations and applications must be determined by the customer and is not warranted by NEC CSD To allow for design and specification improvements the information in this document is subject to change at any time wit...

Page 2: ...l Time Clock Battery 1 4 DMA IRQ Settings 1 4 IDE Ports 1 6 I O Ports 1 6 Sound System 1 6 U S Robotics Modem Board Optional 1 7 Diskette Drive 1 7 Hard Drive 1 7 CD ROM DVD Drive 1 7 Zip Drive 1 7 Power Supply 1 7 Power Management 1 8 Section 2 Setup Utility Configuration Information 2 1 When to Use Setup 2 1 How to Start Setup 2 2 How to Use Setup 2 2 Menu Bar 2 3 Legend Bar 2 4 Selecting a Menu...

Page 3: ...u 2 15 Removable Format Submenu 2 15 Exit Menu 2 15 Section 3 Option Installation General Rules for Installing Options 3 1 Precautions 3 2 Removing the Access Cover 3 3 Replacing the Access Cover 3 4 Expansion Boards 3 5 Expansion Slot Locations 3 5 Expansion Board Installation 3 6 Expansion Board Removal 3 7 Memory Upgrade 3 8 DIMM Removal 3 9 DIMM Installation 3 10 Video Upgrade 3 11 Data Storag...

Page 4: ...nce and Troubleshooting Maintenance 4 2 System Cleaning 4 2 Keyboard Cleaning 4 3 Mouse Cleaning 4 3 Troubleshooting 4 5 Diagnosing and Solving Problems 4 5 Beep Codes 4 11 CMOS Battery Replacement 4 12 Section 5 Disassembly and Reassembly Disassembly 5 2 System Access Cover 5 2 Expansion Board Removal 5 2 Front Panel Removal 5 3 Side Panel Removal 5 4 Device Cage Removal 5 4 Diskette Drive Remova...

Page 5: ...s Connector Pin Assignments B 12 PCI Expansion Bus Connector Pin Assignments B 14 Universal Serial Bus USB Connectors B 15 Appendix C System Resources IRQ Settings C 1 Viewing System Resources C 2 Locating the Jumper C 2 Clearing Your Password C 3 Recovering the BIOS C 4 Figures Figure 3 1 Releasing the Cover 3 4 Figure 3 2 Aligning the Tabs 3 4 Figure 3 3 Locating Expansion Slots 3 6 Figure 3 4 R...

Page 6: ...5 Figure 3 25 Locating Serial Ports 3 26 Figure 4 1 Removing the Mouse Ball Cover 4 4 Figure 4 2 Locating the Battery 4 12 Figure 5 1 Removing a Board 5 3 Figure 5 2 Releasing the Front Panel 5 3 Figure 5 3 Locating the Device Cage Screw 5 4 Figure 5 4 Locating the Two Diskette Drive Clips 5 5 Figure 5 5 Removing the 5 1 4 Inch Device Screws 5 6 Figure 5 6 The 3 1 2 Inch Device Bracket Screws 5 6 ...

Page 7: ...List 5 16 Table 5 4 Direction SP B Series Memory Options 5 20 Table 5 5 Direction SP B Series Documentation 5 20 Table B 1 System Board Connectors B 1 Table B 2 System Board Internal Connectors B 3 Table B 3 System Board Connector Numbers and Types B 3 Table B 4 RS 232C Serial Port Connector Pin Assignments B 4 Table B 5 Parallel Port Connector Pin Assignments B 5 Table B 6 Primary Power Supply Co...

Page 8: ...Contents ix Table B 14 PCI Expansion Pin Assignments B 14 Table B 15 USB Connectors B 15 Table C 1 System Board Jumper Settings C 3 ...

Page 9: ...ram Section 3 Option Installation provides installation procedures for adding optional expansion boards diskette and hard disk storage devices system memory and processor updates Section 4 Maintenance and Troubleshooting includes recommended maintenance information lists possible computer problems and their solutions and has battery replacement procedures Section 5 Disassembly and Reassembly inclu...

Page 10: ...erter DACK DMA acknowledge DC direct current DIP dual in line package DLAB Divisor Latch Address bit DMA direct memory access DMAC DMA controller DOS disk operating system DRAM dynamic RAM ECC error checking and correction EDO extended data output EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter EPROM erasable and programmable ROM EVGA Enhanced Video Graphics Array F Fahrenheit FAX facsimile transmission FCC Federal...

Page 11: ...ital assistant PFP plastic flat package PIO parallel input output pixel picture element PLCC plastic leaded chip carrier PLL phase lock loop p p peak to peak PPI programmable peripheral interface PROM programmable ROM QFP quad flat pack RAM random access memory RAMDAC RAM digital to analog converter RAS row address strobe RGB red green blue RGBI red green blue intensity ROM read only memory rpm re...

Page 12: ...Abbreviations xv VFC VESA compliant feature connector VGA Video Graphics Array VRAM video RAM W watt W write ...

Page 13: ...pipeline burst Chipset Intel 440BX Intel 440BX Graphics AGP graphics board AGP graphics board Video Memory 4 MB SGRAM 4 MB SGRAM Sound Crystal Semiconductor CS4611 and CS4236 Crystal Semiconductor CS4611 and CS4236 Hard Disk 4 3 GB 16 8 GB 4 3 GB 16 8 GB CD ROM Drive 32x or DVD 32x or DVD Power Supply 235 W 235 W SYSTEM BOARD The system board contains most of the components that provide system fun...

Page 14: ...dules DIMMs The system supports PC100 Synchronous DRAM SDRAM only The system supports the following DIMM configurations 1 Mbit by 64 or 1 Mbit by 72 8 MB DIMM 2 Mbit by 64 or 2 Mbit by 72 16 MB DIMM 4 Mbit by 64 or 4 Mbit by 72 32 MB DIMM 8 Mbit by 64 or 8 Mbit by 72 64 MB DIMM 16 Mbit by 64 or 16 Mbit by 72 128 MB DIMM Chipset The Intel 440BX chipset provides DMA memory and bus control The chipse...

Page 15: ...ontains one ISA slot three PCI slots one PCI ISA slot and one AGP video slot The PCI ISA IDE Xccelerator chip PIIX4E provides the logic that enables the ISA bus functions With 24 bit memory addressing a 16 bit data path and an eight MHz clock the ISA bus is designed to support all peripherals compatible with the IBM AT standard For PCI functions the Xcelerator chip provides 32 bit memory addressin...

Page 16: ...ds several steps to the POST process During POST the Plug and Play evaluates the configuration of installed boards and assigns available system resources to the devices On completion of Plug and Play POST the operating system checks to see if there are any additional resources required then assigns available resources to the devices CMOS Memory Real Time Clock Battery The 82371EB PCI ISA IDE Xcele...

Page 17: ...eal time clock 09 PCI User available 10 User available 11 Windows Sound System User available 12 PS 2 mouse port if present else user available 13 Reserved numeric processor 14 Primary IDE if present else user available 15 Secondary IDE if present else user available Default setting can be changed Table 1 4 DMA Assignments DMA Resource 00 Audio 01 Audio Parallel port 02 Diskette drive 03 ECP paral...

Page 18: ... a parallel port and increase parallel port functionality by supporting more devices The two buffered high speed serial ports use a fast 16C550 UART which supports transfer rates up to 115 2 kilobits Kb per second These ports allow the installation of high speed serial devices for faster data transfer rates The two USB ports allow additional new plug and play serial devices without removing the sy...

Page 19: ...h accessible device slot drive A The drive is connected to the system board via a two connector cable HARD DRIVE The system supports up to three IDE hard drives the standard hard drive and two optional hard drives if a Zip drive does not come standard with the system CD ROM DVD DRIVE The drive can be used to load programs from a CD or it can be used to play audio CDs The drive operates at differen...

Page 20: ...power consumption when there is no activity detected from the keyboard mouse diskette drive CD ROM DVD drive or hard disk drive after a predefined period of time As soon as activity is detected the system resumes where it left off In the CMOS Setup utility an inactivity timer is available for setting the length of time before the sytem enter a low power mode ...

Page 21: ...battery supplies continuous power to CMOS memory and maintains configuration information when system power is off WHEN TO USE SETUP The Setup utility allows the user to view and set system parameters Use the Setup utility program to set the time and date to update or check system parameters when adding or removing expansion options to change or set power management features to correct a hardware d...

Page 22: ...s up You have about five seconds to press F2 Setup s Main Menu window appears similar to the following screen NOTE The screen shown is typical of a system The actual settings on the Main Menu depend upon the hardware installed in the system HOW TO USE SETUP The Setup utility has a Main Menu window and six top level menus with submenus The Main Menu window contains the following areas A title line ...

Page 23: ...basic system configuration For example select Main to verify processor type and speed and to set the system time and date Use this menu to check memory parameters Advanced Use the Advanced menu to set serial port and printer port addresses and interrupts diskette drive and hard drive parameters and to enable disable the system s IDE and diskette drive interfaces The Advanced menu also provides sub...

Page 24: ... the values currently displayed in all the menus Displaying a Submenu To display a submenu use the up down arrow keys to move the cursor to the desired submenu Then press Enter A pointer a right pointing triangle marks all selectable submenus Getting Help A Field Help window or Item Specific Help window on the right side of each menu displays the help text for the currently selected Setup option I...

Page 25: ...your system board and in which banks the memory is installed Language This field displays the current default language used by the BIOS Depending on the system you purchased you may choose a different display language from among the options listed below English US default Italiano Français Deutsche Español L2 Cache ECC Support This option allows error checking on data accessed from the L2 cache Sy...

Page 26: ...ck This option controls whether the NumLock key on the keyboard is on or off at boot up The choices are Auto default On or Off Peripheral Configuration Submenu This submenu can be used to configure your system s ports or peripheral devices To enter the submenu highlight this field then press Enter The following options appear Serial Port A Serial Port B These options let you configure your system ...

Page 27: ...d IRQs for the port you are configuring Mode Parallel Port This option sets the mode for the parallel port The options include Output Only AT compatible mode Bidirectional PS 2 compatible mode EPP Extended Parallel Port high speed bidirectional and ECP Enhanced Capabilities Port high speed bidirectional CAUTION An asterisk symbol appearing next to an option indicates that the selected IRQ is set t...

Page 28: ...9 12 15 21 and 30 These entries let you check or change the following hard disk drive parameters They are not available if Auto is selected Cylinders Heads Sectors fields Cylinders If your device configuration type is set to Auto this field displays the number of cylinders for your hard drive and cannot be changed If the Type is set to User you must enter the correct number of cylinders for your h...

Page 29: ...cifies the IDE translation mode LBA causes Logical Block Addressing to be used in place of Cylinders Heads Sectors You can enable or disable default this option This option cannot be changed when Auto is selected CAUTION Do not change the translation mode setting from the option selected when the hard drive was formatted Changing the option after formatting could result in corrupted data Transfer ...

Page 30: ...ption configures the system s diskette drive controller Select Enabled default or Disabled Diskette A These fields specify the capacity and physical size of Diskette Drive A To change these highlight the field for the drive press Enter and select from the following options Disabled 360KB 5 25 inch 1 2MB 5 25 inch 720KB 3 5 inch 1 44 1 25 MB 3 5 inch default 2 88 MB 3 5 inch If you add an optional ...

Page 31: ... This option enables logging of DMI events Choose Disabled or Enabled default Mark DMI Events as Read This option is used to mark off all DMI Events as read If necessary press Enter to access the Confirmation dialog box and confirm your preference To return to the Advanced Menu press Esc Video Configuration Submenu This submenu can be used to configure specific video features To enter the submenu ...

Page 32: ...vailable default or Reserved with the arrow keys then press Enter to change the setting CAUTION An asterisk symbol appearing next to an option indicates that the selected IRQ is set to conflict with another device To return to the Advanced Menu press Esc Then press the right arrow cursor key to move to the Security Menu SECURITY MENU The Security Menu can be used to set a user password and or an a...

Page 33: ...ou can select from Off 1 2 4 6 8 12 or 16 minutes A setting of 1 minute achieves maximum power savings while a setting of 16 minutes allows maximum performance Hard Drive This option controls whether or not a spin down command is issued to the hard drives when the system goes into a low power mode Your choices are Enabled default or Disabled VESA Video Power Down This option controls power to the ...

Page 34: ... are Stay Off and Power On default On PME This option controls how the system responds to a PCI power management enable event when power is off The options are Stay Off and Power On default First Second Third Fourth Boot Device You can select the sequence of boot devices by type Pressing your keyboard s plus or minus key allows you to select the order For maximum system accessibility Removable Dev...

Page 35: ...he right arrow cursor key to move to the Exit Menu EXIT MENU The Exit Menu allows you to choose how to exit the Setup program Press the arrow cursor keys to select the desired option then press Enter to make your choice or use the arrow key to select another one Exit Saving Changes This option exits the Setup program and saves your changes to the BIOS Exit Discarding Changes This option exits the ...

Page 36: ...6 Setup Utility NOTE If your system s CMOS fails the BIOS will load custom default settings if you ve saved them or factory default settings Finally press Enter again to confirm and exit the Setup program ...

Page 37: ... cover are included in this section GENERAL RULES FOR INSTALLING OPTIONS Follow these general rules when installing system options Turn off system power and unplug the power cable Turn off and disconnect all peripherals When handling boards or chips touch the metal of the system unit to discharge static Do not disassemble parts other than those specified in the procedure Use a Phillips head screw ...

Page 38: ...a board or chip in its anti static packaging until ready to install it Dissipate static electricity before handling any system components boards chips etc by touching a grounded metal object such as the system s unpainted metal chassis If possible use anti static devices such as wrist straps and floor mats Always hold a chip or board by its edges Avoid touching the components on the chip or board ...

Page 39: ...llation easier CAUTION Electrostatic discharge can damage computer components Discharge static electricity by touching a metal object before you remove the system access cover 3 If the system is a minitower lay the system down on its right side 4 Loosen the thumb screw at the rear of the system by turning it counterclockwise If you installed a lock on the back of the system unlock the lock and rem...

Page 40: ...dure 1 Gently set the access cover inside the edge of the case taking care not to bend the metal tabs 2 Align the tabs on the access cover with their corresponding slots on the system Insert the tabs on the edge of the access cover into their slots on the system Figure 3 2 Aligning the Tabs 3 Slide the access cover forward to meet the front panel 4 Tighten the thumb screw ...

Page 41: ...ion of a board in an expansion slot without changing the hardware settings There are no system resource conflicts to resolve Plug and Play automatically configures the board for the system Industry standard 8 bit and 16 bit ISA and 32 bit PCI expansion boards are supported in the system unit ISA expansion boards can be Plug and Play or non Plug and Play boards PCI expansion boards run at one half ...

Page 42: ...xpansion boards in the system as follows 1 Remove the access cover 2 Follow any preinstallation instructions that come with the expansion board such as setting switches or jumpers on the board 3 Remove the screw securing an expansion slot cover and remove the cover Figure 3 4 Removing the Slot Cover ...

Page 43: ...e it before replacing the cover 4 Hold the board by its edges and insert it into the expansion slot 5 Press the board firmly into the expansion slot connector Gently rock the board from side to side to seat it into the connector 6 Insert the screw removed earlier to secure the expansion board to the support bracket Figure 3 5 Installing a Board 7 Attach any cables required by the expansion board 8...

Page 44: ...us speed of 100 MHz is supported Non Error Correcting and Checking 64 bit and ECC 72 bit DIMMs are both supported When ECC memory is installed the BIOS automatically detects its presence and offers the Setup option to enable ECC mode NOTE Although memory size may vary the SDRAM DIMMs must meet the Intel 4 clock PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMM specification for either 64 bit or 72 bit SDRAM Use the fol...

Page 45: ... 2 M x 64 16 MB 112 MB Empty 0 MB 16 M x 72 128 MB 16 M x 72 128 MB 256 MB ECC 16 M x 64 128 MB 2 M x 64 16 MB 8 M x 64 64 MB 210 MB 16 M x 64 128 MB 4 M x 64 32 MB 8 M x 64 64 MB 224 MB 16 M x 72 128 MB 8 M x 72 64 MB 1 M x 72 8 MB 200 MB ECC 16 M x 64 128 MB 16 M x 64 128 MB 16 M x 64 128 MB 384 MB 16 M x 72 128 MB 16 M x 72 128 MB 16 M x 72 128 MB 384 MB ECC Note The number in parentheses is th...

Page 46: ...e at electronic supply stores or a cardboard box DIMM Installation Use the following procedure to install a DIMM 1 Remove the access cover 2 Locate the DIMM sockets 3 Remove any currently installed DIMMs that are not needed See DIMM Removal in this chapter CAUTION Before installing a DIMM reduce static discharge by touching the system s metal chassis ...

Page 47: ...re 3 7 Installing a DIMM 6 Replace any cables or boards that may have been removed 7 Replace the access cover VIDEO UPGRADE Your computer comes with an AGP video board See your video board s documentation for information on upgrade capabilities DATA STORAGE DEVICES The system board in your computer supports the following storage devices two diskette drives including the standard 1 44 MB diskette d...

Page 48: ...ch slot is not accessible on the desktop model Figure 3 8 shows the device slot locations in the system Figure 3 8 Locating Device Slots Device Preparation Before installing a storage device in the system follow any preinstallation instructions that come with the device For example check the following Diskette drive remove any termination jumpers on the optional diskette drive See the documentatio...

Page 49: ...ally if the device is self terminating Check the manufacturer s documentation Installation hardware check to be certain you have the screws necessary to secure the drive in an accessible drive slot Device Cables The cables used for the installation of optional storage devices include diskette drive signal cable IDE signal cables system power cables The addition of a diskette drive might require th...

Page 50: ...al cable The colored edge of the cable goes to pin 1 on the cable connector Align the red edge of the cable with pin 1 the notched end on the drive connector Figure 3 10 shows a three connector diskette drive signal cable Figure 3 10 Diskette Drive Signal Cable IDE Signal Cables Each system comes with a three connector IDE interface cable attached to the primary IDE connector and the installed har...

Page 51: ... are attached to the standard storage devices System power cables vary in length and provide connector sizes to accommodate a variety of supported storage configurations Power cable connectors are keyed to fit only in the correct position Figure 3 12 shows the power cable connectors Figure 3 12 Power Cable Connectors ...

Page 52: ... as shown in Figure 3 13 2 Locate an available power connector coming from the power supply 3 Connect the appropriate power cable to the power connector on the IDE device Figure 3 13 Connecting IDE Device Cables 4 If installing an IDE CD ROM drive also connect the audio cable see the instructions that come with the reader Cabling an Accessible 5 1 4 Inch Device 1 Connect the diskette drive signal ...

Page 53: ...e front panel removing the CD ROM DVD drive installing a 3 1 2 inch device installing a 5 1 4 inch device replacing the front panel Removing the Front Panel Use the following procedure to remove the front panel 1 Locate the two plastic tabs at the front of the chassis They are indicated by two arrows engraved on the chassis 2 Press down on the two tabs and press in a third tab at the end of the pa...

Page 54: ...D ROM DVD drive you need to remove the accessible device cage Use the following procedure to remove the accessible device cage 1 Locate the screw on the front of the system between the 3 5 inch blank panel and diskette drive Remove the screw Figure 3 16 Locating the Device Cage Screw 2 Slide the cage towards the front of the system and lift it out of the unit ...

Page 55: ...2 Remove the access cover 3 Remove and label any cables that interfere with installing the device 4 Remove the front panel see the previous section 5 Choose the slot for the device being installed see Figure 3 17 Figure 3 17 Locating Device Slots If you are installing the device in the second 3 1 2 inch internal device slot Remove the two screws securing the 3 1 2 inch hard disk bracket to the fro...

Page 56: ...s Figure 3 19 Aligning the Holes and Tabs Slide the 3 1 2 inch hard disk bracket towards the back of the system unit until it is free of the molded plastic Align the two screw holes on the hard disk with the two tabs on the bracket Slide the hard disk onto the tabs ...

Page 57: ...rive into the opening until it is secured see Figure 3 21 Secure the drive with two screws inserted into the front of the system Figure 3 21 Inserting the Device Place the hard disk into the bracket and secure with the screw Slide the bracket into the molded plastic drive slot Secure the bracket to the front panel with the two screws shown in figure 3 18 ...

Page 58: ... Blank Panel Use a screw driver to remove the metal slot cover by carefully pressing it until it breaks away from the chassis Be careful of sharp edges Slide the device into the slot and secure the device 7 Connect the device cables see Cabling an IDE Device 8 Replace the front panel 9 Replace the access cover Installing a 5 1 4 Inch Device Install an accessible device into the device slot as foll...

Page 59: ...g a hard drive keep the panel handy 7 Use a screw driver to remove the metal slot cover by carefully pressing it until it breaks away from the chassis Be careful of sharp edges 8 From the front of the system slide the device connector end first into the device slot NOTE To easily access device connectors for cabling do not insert a 5 1 4 inch device all the way into the slot 9 Connect the device c...

Page 60: ...il the tabs lock the panel in place 3 Replace the access cover 4 After securing your system reboot it and run the Setup program to set the new configuration ADDING EXTERNAL OPTIONS External connectors on the back of the system unit allow for a variety of industry standard options This subsection provides the installation procedures for the most commonly used external options which are as follows p...

Page 61: ...the printer and the computer Figure 3 24 Locating the Parallel Port RS 232C Device Connection NOTE Before connecting a serial device to the system be sure the serial device is set up correctly Follow the setup instructions that come with the option 1 Turn off power to the system and to the serial device 2 Connect one end of the serial cable to one of the serial ports on the rear of the computer se...

Page 62: ...3 26 Option Installation 4 Connect the other end to the serial device 5 Turn on the serial device and the computer Figure 3 25 Locating Serial Ports ...

Page 63: ...er Service about service and contract warranty issues Call 1 888 632 9128 To log onto the NEC CSD Electronic Bulletin Board System BBS to download software drivers and the latest BIOS for ROM flashing Call 1 978 635 4706 For information about NEC CSD products call FaxFlash SM use the automated service to have the latest Technical Information Bulletins sent to your fax machine 24 hours a day In the...

Page 64: ...ing procedure for cleaning the system 1 Power off the system and unplug all power cables 2 Periodically wipe the outside of the system keyboard mouse and monitor with a soft clean cloth Remove stains with a mild detergent Do not use solvents or strong abrasive cleaners on any part of the system 3 Clean the monitor screen with a commercial monitor screen cleaning kit Or use a glass cleaner then wip...

Page 65: ...nd keys with a damp cloth A small soft bristle brush may be used to clean between the keys Do not wet or dampen the keyboard s printed circuit board PCB If the PCB accidentally gets wet thoroughly dry it before reattaching the keyboard to the system unit Mouse Cleaning Under normal conditions the mouse has a self cleaning mechanism that prevents a buildup of dust or lint around the mouse ball and ...

Page 66: ...er 4 Turn the mouse over and remove the ball 5 Clean the mouse as follows Clean the mouse ball with tap water and a mild detergent then dry it with a lint free cloth Remove any dust and lint from the mouse socket 6 Replace the mouse ball in its socket 7 Replace the ball cover and turn it counterclockwise until it locks in place ...

Page 67: ...om Solution No power Power lamp on computer status panel will not light 1 Check that the power cord is plugged into the AC connector on the computer Check that the other end of the cord is plugged into a live properly grounded AC power outlet 2 Check cable connections between the power supply and system board 3 Systematically eliminate possible shorted PCBs by removing cables and expansion boards ...

Page 68: ... parameters 2 Replace the CMOS battery if the date and time must be set each time the computer is powered on Computer halts during loading sequence 1 Power the computer off Check for proper jumper settings see appendices then power on the computer 2 Check condition of selected bootload device diskette or hard disk for bad boot track or incorrect OS files 3 Try booting OS from diskette or recopy OS...

Page 69: ...supply 4 Check hard disk cable and hard disk Replace as necessary 5 Replace system board or hard disk controller board if the system board controller is not used Memory malfunction Total memory not recognized 1 Reseat DIMMs 2 Systematically swap DIMMs 3 Check to see if the DIMM configuration is valid see Section 3 4 Replace DIMMs 5 Replace system board Modem board malfunction No output from board ...

Page 70: ...s the capabilities of the video controller and memory Wavy display 1 Check that the computer and monitor are not near motors or electric fields Blank display 1 Press any key or move the mouse to ensure power management has not blanked the display 2 Check that the monitor power switch is on 3 Check that the monitor cable is attached to the video connector at the back of the system 4 Check cable con...

Page 71: ... and power supply 3 Check the master slave jumper settings 4 Check the IDE cable Replace as necessary 5 Check the power supply Replace as necessary 6 Check the system board Replace as necessary No sound from CDs 1 Check that speaker power is on and volume is adjusted 2 Check audio software settings 3 Check the CD disc 4 Check the drive audio cable Replace as necessary 5 Replace the CD ROM DVD driv...

Page 72: ...r supply Replace as necessary 6 Check the system board Replace as necessary Communication error No or bad data when communicating 1 Check cable connections between system board and device 2 Check that the interface port is selected 3 Test or replace the device and interface cable see the device documentation for troubleshooting 4 Replace the system board ...

Page 73: ... processor system board select and extended CMOS RAM The following table provides a description of the beep codes Table 4 3 Beep Code Descriptions Beeps Description 1 2 Search for option ROMs 1 2 2 3 BIOS ROM checksum 1 3 1 1 Test DRAM refresh 1 3 1 3 Test keyboard controller 1 3 3 1 Autosize DRAM 1 3 3 2 Initialize POST memory manager 1 3 3 3 Clear 512 KB base RAM 1 3 4 1 RAM failure on address l...

Page 74: ... causes the computer to lose system configuration information If possible run Setup and record the system configuration settings before removing the battery Use that information to restore the system after replacing the battery 2 Remove the system access cover 3 Locate the battery and its socket on the system board see Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 Locating the Battery 4 Use fingers to carefully pull the ...

Page 75: ... when replacing the battery Lithium acts as a catalyst when exposed to water and causes spontaneous combustion on contact Discard used batteries according to the manufacturer s instructions 5 With the positive side facing up press the new battery into the socket 6 Replace the system access cover 7 Connect external peripherals and power cables 8 Run Setup to reconfigure system parameters see Sectio...

Page 76: ... follow the table and procedures in reverse order Individual removal procedures do not require the total disassembly of the computer Each of the following subsections lists the parts that must be removed before beginning the removal procedure Table 5 1 Disassembly Sequence Sequence Part See Page 1 System access cover 5 2 2 Expansion board s 5 2 3 Front panel 5 3 4 Side panel 5 4 5 Device cage 5 4 ...

Page 77: ...N When handling boards or chips ground yourself to release static DISASSEMBLY Use the following procedures to disassemble the system unit NOTE Unplug the power cord before disassembling the system unit Voltage is present inside the system unit even after the power is off All voltage is removed only when the power cord is unplugged System Access Cover To remove and replace the system access cover s...

Page 78: ...unit as follows 1 Locate the two plastic tabs at the front of the chassis They are indicated by two arrows engraved on the chassis 2 Press down on the two tabs and press in a third tab at the end of the panel to release the panel see Figure 5 2 Figure 5 2 Releasing the Front Panel 3 Pull the panel away from the chassis ...

Page 79: ...device cage from the system unit as follows 1 Label and disconnect any cables connected to devices in the device cage 2 Locate the screw on the front of the system between the 3 5 inch blank panel and diskette drive see Figure 5 3 Remove the screw Figure 5 3 Locating the Device Cage Screw 3 Slide the cage towards the front of the system and lift it out of the unit Diskette Drive Removal Remove the...

Page 80: ...ll the diskette drive out of the front of the system 5 1 4 Inch Device Removal Remove an optional 5 1 4 inch device from the system unit as follows 1 Remove the system access cover front panel and the device cage as previously described 2 Label and unplug the signal and power cables from the optional device in the 5 1 4 inch device cage Unplug the audio cable from an optional CD ROM driver ...

Page 81: ...3 1 2 Inch Hard Disk Drive Removal Remove the optional 3 1 2 inch hard disk drive as follows 1 Remove the system access cover and front panel as previously described 2 Label and unplug the hard disk drive power and signal cables from the hard disk drive 3 Remove the two screws securing the 3 1 2 inch hard disk bracket to the front of the system unit see Figure 5 6 Figure 5 6 The 3 1 2 Inch Device ...

Page 82: ...on the opposite side of the bracket Standard 3 1 2 Inch Hard Disk Drive Removal Remove the standard 3 1 2 inch hard disk drive as follows 1 Remove the system access cover and front panel as previously described 2 Unplug the hard disk drive power and signal cables from the optional hard disk drive 3 Locate the two screws securing the 3 1 2 inch hard disk drive in the molded plastic cage at the fron...

Page 83: ...g tabs securing the assembly to the chassis 3 Remove the fan by pulling it outward away from the system board DIMM Module Removal Remove any optional DIMM modules from the system board as follows 1 Remove the system access cover and any expansion boards as previously described 2 Press the locking clips at the ends of the socket away from the DIMM memory module see Figure 5 9 3 Gently rock the modu...

Page 84: ...in the plastic locking clips Power Supply Removal Remove the power supply as follows 1 Remove the system access cover as previously described 2 Label and unplug the power cable attached to the system board 3 Label and unplug the power cables from all installed devices 4 At the back of the system unit remove the two screws securing the power supply to the system unit see Figure 5 10 ...

Page 85: ...owing steps 1 Remove the system access cover expansion boards fan assembly and power supply as previously described 2 Remove and label all cables connected to the system board Appendix B provides the connector identifiers and pin assignments for each connector 3 Locate and remove the one screw at the rear of the unit that secures the system board to the system unit see Figure 5 11 ...

Page 86: ...oes not match the actual processor use the following procedure to set the system s processor speed The following steps adjust the system s processor speed 1 Turn off the system and remove the access cover 2 Locate jumper J8A1 on the system board 3 Move the jumper block from pins 1 and 2 normal mode to pins 2 and 3 configure mode 4 Turn on the system The Maintenance menu appears showing the process...

Page 87: ...00018 4 Iomega ATAPI Zip drive 320703 5a 4 3 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300856 5b 6 4 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300857 5c 8 4 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300858 5d 9 1 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300833 5e 11 4 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300851 5f 14 4 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300849 5g 16 8 GB hard drive IDE UDMA 300850 5h 9 1 GB SCSI hard drive 300689 6 3 5 inch diskette drive 219 00012 7 Microphone 232 00011 8 Speake...

Page 88: ...le 233 00026 22 Cable audio internal dual MPC 070808 23 SCSI cable 233 00133 24 Microsoft Mouse 230 00026 25 Retention mechanism kit 130083 26a 350 MHz Pentium II with active heatsink 202989 26b 400 MHz Pentium II with active heatsink 202899 Top bar heatsink not shown in figure 235 00006 27 System board 158 056740 000 28a 32 MB DIMM non parity 081918 28b 64 MB DIMM non parity 081919 29 AC power ca...

Page 89: ...SI cable 3 connector not shown in figure 070833 Monitor NEC 15 C550 not shown in figure 011001 Monitor NEC 17 C700 not shown in figure 011002 Monitor NEC 17 A700 not shown in figure 010438 Monitor NEC 19 C900 not shown in figure 011027 Monitor NEC 20 LCD 2000 not shown in figure 011026 SPB 350 logo plate not shown in figure 144762 SPB 400 logo plate not shown in figure 144763 Microsoft SideWinder ...

Page 90: ...irection SP B Series Desktop Illustrated Parts Breakdown ____________ This data was prepared June 1998 For an up to date listing of spare parts please call FaxFlashSM at 1 888 329 0088 or 1 978 635 6090 outside the U S and order document 42102083 ...

Page 91: ...ard 207 00121 12b 2930B S Adaptec SCSI adapter board 030295 13 System board 158 056740 000 14 I O shield 149763 15a 350 MHz Pentium II with active heatsink 202989 15b 400 MHz Pentium II with active heatsink 202899 Top bar heatsink not shown in figure 235 00006 16 Retention mechanism kit 130083 17a 32 MB DIMM non parity 081918 17b 64 MB DIMM non parity 081919 18 Power supply Sparkle 190300 19 Fan a...

Page 92: ... 9 1 GB SCSI hard drive 300689 27 32x CD ROM drive 730330 28 Iomega ATAPI Zip drive 320703 29 3 5 inch diskette drive 219 00012 30a Ditto 3200 tape drive backup 320547 30b Iomega Jazz drive 221 00018 Parallel printer cable not shown in figure 070829 LED and cable dual color power not shown in figure 070834 Cable VMI DVD PCI board to V330 video board not shown in figure 070805 Cable diskette drive ...

Page 93: ... figure 011027 Monitor NEC 20 LCD 2000 not shown in figure 011026 Cable CD ROM audio not shown in figure 070112 Microsoft SideWinder 3D joystick not shown in figure 160409 SPB 350 logo plate not shown in figure 144762 SPB 400 logo plate not shown in figure 144763 DVD drive Hitachi not shown in figure 730124 DVD PCI board Quadrant not shown in figure 060212 DirecPC PCI board not shown in figure 149...

Page 94: ...rection SP B Series Minitower Illustrated Parts Breakdown ____________ This data was prepared June 1998 For an up to date listing of spare parts please call FaxFlashSM at 1 888 329 0088 or 1 978 635 6090 outside the U S and order document 42102083 ...

Page 95: ...le 5 5 lists the Direction SP B Series documentation Table 5 5 Direction SP B Series Documentation Description Part Number Direction SP B Series User s Guide 102083 01 Direction SP B Series Service and Reference Manual 102083 SRV ____________ This data was prepared June 1998 For an up to date listing of spare parts please call FaxFlashSM at 1 888 329 0088 or 1 978 635 6090 outside the U S and orde...

Page 96: ...on the system board A 242 pin edge connector is implemented on the processor card for system board installation Retension Mechanism RM is inserted over slot 1 to act as an insertion guide and prevent movement of processor after subsystem mounting For thermal protection a heatsink is supported by a Heat Sink Support HSS which is attached to the system board Random Access Memory RAM Standard RAM 32 ...

Page 97: ...ne 25 pin connector Serial two high speed RS 232C ports using 16C550 compatible UARTs supports transfer rates up to 115 2 Kbits per second 9 pin connectors Universal Serial Bus USB two USB ports support two USB peripherals directly to the system with appropriate connector each port supports up to 127 daisy chained devices supports 12 megabits Mbs per second Keyboard PS 2 compatible 6 pin connector...

Page 98: ...S 2 compatible six pin connector Storage Devices Accessible Devices 3 1 2 inch 1 44 MB diskette drive CD ROM DVD drive Zip Drive Iomega Zip 100 ATA drive on some systems removable 100 MB data disks data transfer rate up to 1 4 MB per second Device Slots Seven device slots a 3 5 inch accessible device slot contains the standard 1 44 MB diskette drive one internal 3 5 inch hard drive slot for the ha...

Page 99: ...colors 640 by 480 pixels 16 256 64 000 16 8 million colors Text 80 columns by 25 lines 132 columns by 25 lines 132 columns by 43 lines Sound System Audio integrated on system board based on the Crystal CS4236B and CS4611 chips or optional upgrade board AWE64D in some systems Compatible with Sound Blaster Sound Blaster Pro and Microsoft Windows Sound System for PC sound applications Stereo jacks mi...

Page 100: ...m Weight The following weights are averages Weights depend upon the system configuration System Unit 27 5 lb 12 46 kg Keyboard 3 5 to 4 lb 1 6 to 1 8 kg Power Universal Power Supply 235 W Power Management Partial and full power reductions Sleep button Recommended Operating Environment Temperature 50 F to 95 F 10 C to 35 C Relative Humidity 20 to 80 ...

Page 101: ...ble B 2 and Table B 3 list each connector by its function number and type Figure B 1 shows the locations of the connectors and slots on the system board Figure B 2 shows the locations of the connectors on the back of the system unit Table B 1 System Board Connectors Connector s Page Number Power supply B 6 Diskette drive B 8 IDE B 9 DIMM Sockets B 10 Front panel B 7 ISA B 12 PCI B 14 AGP B 11 Para...

Page 102: ...B 2 Connector Pin Assignments Figure B 1 System Board Connectors and Slots Figure B 2 System Board External Connectors ...

Page 103: ...umber Type Parallel Interface 25 pin female sub D shell Serial Interface Serial Ports 1 and 2 9 pin D shell Mouse 6 pin PS 2 style connector Keyboard 6 pin PS 2 style connector Diskette Drive J8K1 2 x 17 pin male Power Supply Primary J7L1 2 x 10 pin locking header DIMM Memory Sockets J6J1 Bank 0 J6J2 Bank 1 J7J1 Bank 2 72 pin single inline connector IDE Interface primary J8G1 2 x 20 pin header IDE...

Page 104: ...tor are listed in Table B 4 Table B 4 RS 232C Serial Port Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal Description 1 DCD Carrier detect 2 Serial In Receive data 3 Serial Out Transmit data 4 DTR Data terminal ready 5 Ground Signal ground 6 DSR Data set ready 7 RTS Request to send 8 CTS Clear to send 9 RI Ring indicator ...

Page 105: ...re listed in Table B 5 Table B 5 Parallel Port Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Strobe 14 Auto feed 2 Data bit 0 15 Fault 3 Data bit 1 16 INIT Initialize 4 Data bit 2 17 SLCT IN Select in 5 Data bit 3 18 Ground 6 Data bit 4 19 Ground 7 Data bit 5 20 Ground 8 Data bit 6 21 Ground 9 Data bit 7 22 Ground 10 ACK Acknowledge 23 Ground 11 Busy 24 Ground 12 Error 25 Ground 13 Select ...

Page 106: ...ound 4 5 V 14 PS ON Power supply remote on off control 5 Ground 15 Ground 6 5 V 16 Ground 7 Ground 17 Ground 8 PWRGD Power Good 18 5 V 9 5 VSB Standby for real time clock 19 5 V 10 12 V 20 5 V KEYBOARD AND MOUSE CONNECTORS The keyboard and mouse use standard PS 2 connectors Pin assignments are given in Table B 7 Table B 7 Keyboard and Mouse Connector Pin Assignments Pin Keyboard Connector Mouse Co...

Page 107: ...8 Table B 8 Front Panel Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal Description 1 2 SW_ON Ground Power On 3 4 SLEEP_REQ Ground Sleep Resume 5 Key none 6 7 8 9 10 11 5V Key IrR_RX Ground Ir_TX Ir_SL1 IrDA 12 Key none 13 14 15 16 5V Key HD Active HD_PWR HD LED 17 Key none 18 19 20 PWR_LED0 Key PWR_LED1 Sleep Power LED 21 Key none 22 23 Ground FP_RESET Reset 24 25 26 27 PC_SPKR Key 5V 5V Speaker ...

Page 108: ...nd 4 Reserved 5 Key 6 FDEDIN 7 Ground 8 FDINDX Index 9 Ground 10 FDM00 Motor enable A 11 Ground 12 No connect 13 Ground 14 FDDS0 Drive select A 15 Ground 16 No connect 17 MSEN1 18 FDDIR Stepper motor direction 19 Ground 20 FDSTEP Step pulse 21 Ground 22 FDWD Write data 23 Ground 24 FDWE Write enable 25 Ground 26 FDTRK0 Track 0 27 MSEN0 28 FDWPD Write protect 29 Ground 30 FDRDATA Read data 31 Groun...

Page 109: ...rther prefixed with a designation All positively active signals are prefixed with a designation Table B 10 IDE PCI Connector Pin Assignments Pin Description Pin Description 1 Reset IDE 2 Ground 3 Data 7 4 Data 8 5 Data 6 6 Data 9 7 Data 5 8 Data 10 9 Data 4 10 Data 11 11 Data 3 12 Data 12 13 Data 2 14 Data 13 15 Data 1 16 Data 14 17 Data 0 18 Data 15 19 Ground 20 Key 21 DDRQ0 DDRQ1 22 Ground 23 I ...

Page 110: ... DQ43 141 DQ50 16 DQ12 58 DQ19 100 DQ44 142 DQ51 17 VDD 59 VDD 101 DQ45 143 VDD 18 VDD 60 DQ20 102 VDD 144 DQ52 19 DQ14 61 NC 103 DQ46 145 NC 20 DQ15 62 NC VREF 104 DQ47 146 NC VREF 21 CB0 63 CKE1 105 CB4 147 NC 22 CB1 64 VSS 106 CB5 148 VSS 23 VSS 65 DQ21 107 VSS 149 DQ53 24 NC 66 DQ22 108 NC 150 DQ54 25 NC 67 DQ23 109 NC 151 DQ55 26 VDD 68 VSS 110 VDD 152 VSS 27 WE 69 DQ24 111 CAS 153 DQ56 28 DQ...

Page 111: ... PIPE B12 RBF A45 Vcc3 3 B45 Vcc3 3 A13 Ground B13 Ground A46 TRDY B46 DEVSEL A14 No connect B14 No connect A47 STOP B47 Vcc3 3 A15 SBA1 B15 SBA0 A48 PME B48 PERR A16 Vcc3 3 B16 Vcc3 3 A49 Ground B49 Ground A17 SBA3 B17 SBA2 A50 PAR B50 SERR A18 Reserved B18 SB_STB A51 AD15 B51 C BE1 A19 Ground B19 Ground A52 Vcc3 3 B52 Vcc3 3 A20 SBA5 B20 SBA4 A53 AD13 B53 AD14 A21 SBA7 B21 SBA6 A54 AD11 B54 AD12...

Page 112: ...nput Output SD0 B9 Power 12V A10 Input IOCHRDY B10 Ground Ground A11 Output AEN B11 Output SMEMW SMWTC A12 Input Output SA19 B12 Output SMEMR SMRDC A13 Input Output SA18 B13 Input Output IOW IOWC A14 Input Output SA17 B14 Input Output IOR IOWC A15 Input Output SA16 B15 Output DACK3 A16 Input Output SA15 B16 Input DRQ3 A17 Input Output SA14 B17 Output DACK1 A18 Input Output SA13 B18 Input DRQ1 A19 ...

Page 113: ...t IRQ11 C5 Input Output LA20 D5 Input IRQ12 C6 Input Output LA19 D6 Input IRQ15 C7 Input Output LA18 D7 Input IRQ14 C8 Input Output LA17 D8 Output DACK0 C9 Input Output MEMR MRDC D9 Input DRQ0 C10 Input Output MEMW MWTC D10 Output DACK5 C11 Input Output SD8 D11 Input DRQ5 C12 Input Output SD9 D12 Output DACK6 C13 Input Output SD10 D13 Input DRQ6 C14 Input Output SD11 D14 Output DACK7 C15 Input Out...

Page 114: ...40 PERR A10 5V I O B10 Reserved A41 SBO B41 3 3V A11 Reserved B11 PRSNT2 A42 Ground B42 SERR A12 Ground B12 Ground A43 PAR B43 3 3v A13 Ground B13 Ground A44 AD15 B44 C BE1 A14 3 3V aux B14 Reserved A45 3 3V B45 AD14 A15 RST B15 Ground A46 AD13 B46 Ground A16 5V I O B16 CLK A47 AD11 B47 AD12 A17 GNT B17 Ground A48 Ground B48 AD10 A18 Ground B18 REQ A49 AD09 B49 Ground A19 PME B19 5V I O A50 Key B5...

Page 115: ...Assignments B 15 UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS USB CONNECTORS Table B 15 lists the pin assignments and signal names for the USB connectors Table B 15 USB Connectors Pin Signal Name 1 Power 2 USBP0 USBP1 3 USBP0 USBP1 4 Ground ...

Page 116: ... SETTINGS The following settings are the default IRQ settings IRQ0 timer IRQ1 keyboard IRQ2 cascade interrupt IRQ3 COM2 IRQ4 COM1 IRQ5 sound user available IRQ6 diskette drive IRQ7 LPT1 IRQ8 real time clock IRQ9 PCI user available IRQ10 user available IRQ11 Windows Sound System user available IRQ12 mouse IRQ13 numeric processor IRQ14 primary IDE IRQ15 secondary IDE ...

Page 117: ...right mouse button 2 Click Properties The System Properties box appears 3 Click the Device Manager tab 4 Double click Computer The Computer Properties box appears and displays the View Resources folder The View Resources folder shows the system resources used by your computer For example it shows a list of interrupts and how they are allocated If an interrupt is not in the list it is available LOC...

Page 118: ... sections describe how to clear your password 1 Turn off the power and unplug the system and any peripherals WARNING Turn off the system before you change any jumper settings 2 Remove the access cover see Section 3 Removing the Access Cover 3 Locate the Configuration jumper J8A1 on the system board see Locating the Jumper in the previous subsection 4 You may have to remove any installed expansion ...

Page 119: ...unplug the system and any peripherals WARNING Turn off the system before you change any jumper settings 2 Remove the access cover see Section 3 Removing the Access Cover 3 Locate the Configuration jumper J8A1 on the system board see Locating the Jumper in the previous subsection 4 You may have to remove any installed expansion boards to access the jumper see Section 3 Expansion Board Removal 5 Rem...

Page 120: ...If you removed any expansion boards replace them see Section 3 Expansion Board Installation 12 Replace the access cover Reconnect the system power cables and peripheral devices 13 Power on the system 14 Run Setup see Section 2 ...

Page 121: ...5 5 device cage 5 4 DIMM module 5 8 diskette drive 5 4 expansion boards 5 2 fan assembly 5 8 front panel 5 3 power supply 5 9 side panel 5 4 standard 3 1 2 inch hard drive 5 7 system board 5 10 system unit 5 2 E Expansion board removal 3 7 Expansion board installation 3 5 External options 3 24 parallel printer 3 24 serial devices 3 25 F Front panel removal 3 17 Front panel replacement 3 24 H Hard ...

Page 122: ... disassembly 5 1 reassembly 5 1 S Setup 2 1 Setup and Operation 2 1 Setup utility legend bar 2 4 storage device installation 3 11 3 17 device cables 3 13 device preparation 3 12 device slots 3 12 A 3 System board 1 1 connectors B 1 removal 5 10 System cleaning 4 2 System configurations 1 1 System resources C 2 System specifications A 1 System unit disassembly 5 2 System unit disassembly 5 2 3 1 2 ...

Page 123: ...he interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from the one to which the receiver is connected Use a shielded and properly grounded I O cable to ensure compliance of this unit to the specified limits of the rules FCC Modem Connect...

Page 124: ... 5 If too many devices are attached they may not ring properly Modem Service Requirements If the modem malfunctions all repairs should be performed by NEC Computer Systems Division or an NEC CSD Authorized Service Center It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to NEC Computer Systems Division or to an NEC CSD Authorized Service Center Service can be obtai...

Page 125: ... ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas WARNING Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate inspection authority or electrician The Load Number LN assigned to each terminal device denotes the perc...

Page 126: ...on landfilling or mixing of batteries with the municipal solid waste stream is prohibited by law in most areas Return batteries to a federal or state approved battery recycler This may be where you purchased the battery or a local seller of automotive batteries Contact your local waste management officials for other information regarding the environmentally sound collection recycling and disposal ...

Reviews: