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Klippel R&D System 

KCS Monitor Tutorial  

  7 

Attention:

 

(A6 tool only)

 Make sure to not only compensate the maximum gain of the alignment as 

explained above, but also the maximum equalizer gain of the A6 

EQ

 category if it exceeds 0 dB total 

gain. This is essential to avoid the A6 limiter getting triggered. 

1.7

 

Tutorial 5 – Protection and Limiter 

KCS is dedicated to operate loudspeakers in the 

large signal domain

 and drive them close to their 

physical limits. Therefore, it must comprise protection systems to avoid any damage. The states to 
be  monitored  and  limited  are 

excursion

peak

 

voltage

temperature 

and

  electrical  power

.  The 

values of these limits depend on the target platform, the target amplifier, the speaker and limits set 
in the KCS-ID measurement module. They are set automatically on the KCS Server. 
 
However, some of these limits might have to be adjusted manually. This tutorial explains briefly how 
the protection systems and the limiter works and how to adjust the according parameters. 
 

Equalizer

(e.g.        A6)

Audio Signal

KCS Audio Path

Alignment

Protection

Output Limiter

Linearization

Excursion 

limit

Temperature 

limit

U limit

CU threshold

Release Speed

 

1.7.1

 

Short Theory 

Summary of Contents for KCS

Page 1: ...R D SYSTEM USER S GUIDE KCS Monitor K l i p p e l G m b H July 23 2021 Copyright 2000 2021 Klippel GmbH Mendelssohnallee 30 01309 Dresden Germany www klippel de...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...up Parameters 13 2 2 Result Windows 15 2 2 1 Nonlinear Curves 15 2 2 2 x t Displacement 15 2 2 3 u t Voltage i t Current 16 2 2 4 Tv t Temperature P t Power 17 2 2 5 fs t Resonance Frequency 18 2 2 6...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...quired Find information about creating initial data in KCS2 Manual KCS ID Parameter Identification Initial Identification KCS ID Initial Parameter Creation Lab KCS Server KCS Evaluation KCS Monitor zi...

Page 6: ...ownload the according KCS Monitor operation from the KCS Server see KCS2 Manual KCS ID Parameter Identification If you are using a NAD board as KCS target platform and you have received a reference sp...

Page 7: ...loudspeaker states and parameters see 1 4 evaluate KCS performance by switching KCS on and off see 1 5 and perform measurements see guidelines in KCS4 KCS Evaluation Tutorials If any issues occur see...

Page 8: ...ction systems 6 State Table This table shows important state information and warnings of the KCS processing Buttons for switching KCS on and off are available in this window see next section for more...

Page 9: ...d to apply a bass boost to a sealed box system shifting the cut off frequency 1 2 octaves below the system resonance frequency fc match an arbitrary speaker to a given sealed or vented box enclosure a...

Page 10: ...indow Linear Speaker Parameters You can see the desired transfer function by a NAD platform opening the window Sound Pressure Hpfar f b other platforms pressing the Calculate Alignment button in the K...

Page 11: ...tion systems to avoid any damage The states to be monitored and limited are excursion peak voltage temperature and electrical power The values of these limits depend on the target platform the target...

Page 12: ...ates the mechanical protection system adaptive filter attenuating low frequencies 2 If the mechanical protection is already attenuating low frequencies by more than the absolute value of CU threshold...

Page 13: ...w the protection limit Xprot indicated by the bold red lines in the Displacement window even when the amplifier voltage is at its limits Thermal Protection A conservative default limit is set automati...

Page 14: ...Alignment adding group delay to the signal Also a dedicated speaker protection system for ANC is used with ultra short latency 0 1 ms while the audio protection system has a larger configurable latenc...

Page 15: ...ort latency 0 1 ms the attack of the protection attenuation could produce audible artifacts It is recommended to avoid activating the protection of the ANC signal by adjustment of the respective ANC s...

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Page 17: ...ot all parameters are available on every hardware platform Audio Gain Change the gain at the input stage of the KCS real time processing Relative Tweeter Gain Change the gain of the tweeter channel re...

Page 18: ...voice coil stabilization a small DC voltage will be applied to keep the voice coil always at its initial rest position The stabilization should always be active However it can be useful to deactivate...

Page 19: ...aser Position Reset laser signal back to the zero position 2 2 Result Windows This section explains the content of the different result windows The result windows have a lot of similarities to the LSI...

Page 20: ...essential for realizing a reliable mechanical protection system Voice coil rest position changes are indicated by the xOffset curve Note that if the DC Stabilization is active this curve should be cl...

Page 21: ...uced these signals can comprise a significant error The u out peak sim curve shows the peak voltage at the output of the KCS processing at full audio sampling frequency multiplied with the gain betwee...

Page 22: ...ions the mechanical stiffness Kms and hence the resonance frequency at the rest position usually decreases The information shown in this window quantifies the degree of time variance of the parameters...

Page 23: ...articular nonlinearity 2 2 7 Z f x 0 Impedance Magnitude The impedance magnitude is calculated based on the identified linear speaker parameters 2 2 8 Protection The activation of the mechanical and t...

Page 24: ...n of 0 dB at high frequencies is reached for a virtual loudspeaker system without inductance See 1 6 and 2 3 for detailed information Magnitude Phase KCS OFF Relative sound pressure transfer function...

Page 25: ...Klippel R D System KCS Monitor Reference 21 2 2 10 Linear Speaker Parameters This table shows the speaker s linear parameters at the cursor position and of the initial data...

Page 26: ...ion about the measurement modeled and measured transducer states and electrical parameters at the current position of the time cursor If KCS is running also the control mode can be changed using butto...

Page 27: ...ystem tuning process Second Order Alignment Only available for 2nd order systems sealed boxes or transducer in free air Replaces the given systems resonance frequency and Q factor by a desired cut off...

Page 28: ...The correction factors for 4th and 6th order filters are 4 0 47306 6 0 36991 Comparison of different Filter Types Magnitude and Phase of the target responses for various 4 th order alignments with a c...

Page 29: ...ardware connection on KA3 without AMP Card Hardware connection on KA3 with AMP Card Note Laser and microphone sensors are not necessarily required for operating the KCS However these sensors are recom...

Page 30: ...cted if using NAU83G20 2 Connect the speaker Make sure the polarity is correct 3 Connect the power supply If you change or reconnect the speaker later unplug the power supply before to avoid hardware...

Page 31: ...KCS Server which are displayed in the window Setup Never change the enclosure The controller can be used with loudspeakers operated in free air as well as with vented and sealed enclosures This infor...

Page 32: ...ession which is running on the device In this case the KCS Monitor operation stays untouched If the operation is started the initial data stored in this operation is written to the device and the KCS...

Page 33: ...oice coil temperature exceeds the limit defined in the KCS Monitor s Properties Remedy Make sure that a speaker is connected and the correct initial data for the particular DUT is loaded Insufficient...

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Page 35: ...ge Boxes 28 N Nonlinear Curves 15 Nuvoton Audio Development Platform 26 O Other Issues 29 P Protection 19 Protection with separate ANC input channel 10 R Requirements 1 Result Windows 15 S Selected wa...

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