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GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference

190-00140-60 Rev. H

SECTION 12 – MESSAGES,

ABBREVIATIONS, & NAV TERMS

12-11

12.3 NAVIGATION TERMS

The following navigation terms are used on the GPS 400 and in this Pilot’s Guide. Refer to Figures 12-1 and 12-2 for

graphic representation of navigation terms.

WPT 1

XTK

NORTH

WPT 2

BRG

DIS

AIRPLANE

DTK

TRK

Figure 12-1 Illustrated NAV Terms

VERTICAL NAVIGATION PROFILE

VERTICAL SPEED REQUIRED

DISTANCE TO TARGET

TIME AND DISTANCE
TO PROFILE

TARGET ALTITUDE
AND POSITION

AIRPORT

CURRENT ALTITUDE
AND POSITION

Figure 12-2 Illustrated Vertical NAV Terms

Term

Description

ALT (altitude)

Height above mean sea level (MSL)

BRG (bearing)

The compass direction from the present position to a destination waypoint

CAS (calibrated
airspeed)

Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors

CTS (course to steer)

The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course
Provides the most efficient heading to get back to the desired course and proceed along the
flight plan

CUM (cumulative)

The total of all legs in a flight plan (cumulative distance)

DIS (distance)

The “great circle” distance from the present position to a destination waypoint

DOP (dilution of
precision)

A measure of satellite geometry quality on a scale of one to ten (lowest numbers are best,
highest numbers are worst)

DTK (desired track)

The desired course between the active “from” and “to” waypoints

EFF (efficiency)

A measure of fuel consumption, expressed in distance per fuel units (e.g., nautical miles per
gallon)

ENDUR (endurance)

Flight endurance, or total available flight time based upon available fuel

Summary of Contents for GPS 400

Page 1: ...GPS 400 Pilot s Guide and Reference ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...nd Redrawn C 11 06 Changed to 8 inch x 8 5 inch format Added TERRAIN Additional Features section and misc changes D 2 07 Updated per Main SW v5 02 E 10 07 Updated per Main SW v5 03 F 05 08 Removed Proximity Advisory info from Section 10 G 08 08 Converted format of figures to accommodate printing process H 12 09 Added Section 10 2 GTS 8XX Traffic Systems ...

Page 4: ...and other Garmin products Except as expressly provided herein no part of this manual may be reproduced copied transmitted disseminated downloaded or stored in any storage medium for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage med...

Page 5: ... 6 12 6 8 Intersection Page 6 13 6 9 NDB Page 6 14 6 10 VOR Page 6 14 6 11 User Waypoint Page 6 15 SECTION 7 NRST PAGES 7 1 7 1 NRST Page Group 7 1 7 2 Nearest Airport Page 7 4 7 3 Nearest Intersection Page 7 5 7 4 Nearest NDB Page 7 6 7 5 Nearest VOR Page 7 6 7 6 Nearest User Waypoint Page 7 7 7 7 Nearest Center ARTCC Page 7 8 7 8 Nearest Flight Service Station FSS Page 7 8 7 9 Nearest Airspace P...

Page 6: ...e altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft GPS altitude should never be used for vertical navigation Always use pressure altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in the aircraft WARNING The Jeppesen database used in the GPS 400 system must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information remains current Updates are released every 28 days A database information packet is i...

Page 7: ...or anti reflective coatings CAUTION The Garmin GPS 400 does not contain any user serviceable parts Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void both the warranty and the pilot s authority to operate this device under FAA FCC regulations NOTE All visual depictions contained within this document including screen images of the GPS...

Page 8: ...TY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE THISWARRANTY GIVESYOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH MAYVARY FROM STATE TO STATE IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INC...

Page 9: ...ference Guide Database Subscription Packet Warranty Registration Card GPS 400 Simulator CD ROM The Garmin dealer installs and configures the GPS 400 The GPS 400 is secured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections performed After installation the NavData Card and the TERRAIN Data Card are installed into their correct slots on the front of the unit see Appendix A A Garmin dealer c...

Page 10: ...ctions of the GPS 400 Figure 1 1 Keys and Knobs P 6 8 4 5 7 2 15 10 12 13 14 9 1 3 11 NavData Card Slot 1 RNG map range 6 MSG message 11 Power 2 MENU 7 FPL flight plan 12 TERRAIN Data Card Slot 3 ENT enter 8 PROC procedures 13 CLR clear 4 NRST nearest 9 Large right knob 14 Direct to 5 OBS 10 Small right knob 15 Experiment with the unit and refer to the reference sections for more information Data ...

Page 11: ...entry It is also used to confirm information during power on 14 Large Right Knob CRSR Used to select page groups NAV WPT AUX or NRST With the on screen cursor enabled the large right knob allows the pilot to move the cursor about the page The large right knob is also used to move the target pointer right turn clockwise or left counterclockwise when the map panning function is active 15 Small Right...

Page 12: ...ypoint Pressing the OBS Key again returns the unit to normal operation with automatic sequencing of waypoints When OBS mode is selected the pilot may set the desired course to from a waypoint using the Select OBS Course pop up window or an external OBS selector on the HSI or CDI 11 MSG Key Used to view system messages and to alert the pilot to important warnings and requirements See Section 12 1 f...

Page 13: ...ithout interruption This takeoff tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the GPS 400 s major features Sections 2 through 12 of this manual describe these features and others in additional detail Refer to these sections as needed to learn or review the details regarding a particular feature Afterbecomingfamiliarwiththebasics somesuggested reading within this Pilot s Guide includes Fligh...

Page 14: ...GPS 400 and any connected instruments are working properly check for the following indications on the CDI HSI RMI external annunciators and other connected instruments Course deviation half left no flag TO FROM flag TO Bearing to destination 135 Distance to destination 10 0 nm All external annunciators if installed on Glideslope half up no flag Time to destination 4 minutes Desired track 149 5 Gro...

Page 15: ...es the fuel capacity CAP figure Fuel on board is reduced over time based on the fuel flow FF figure Viewing the Checklists Page 1 Turn the large right knob to highlight Go To Chklist Figure 1 9 and press the ENT Key Figure 1 9 Go To Chklist Highlighted 2 Turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist then execute each step Section 8 3 Utility Page Checklists in the selected checklist 3 ...

Page 16: ... the satellites and the relative signal strength of each satellite received as a bar graph reading Searching Sky indicates that satellite almanac data is not available or has expired if the unit hasn t been used for six months or more This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information which can take five to ten minutes The data is recollected from ...

Page 17: ...Page within Current Page Group Selecting the desired page group and page 1 Turn the large right knob until a page from the desired page group is displayed Figure 1 12 2 Turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed Figure 1 12 NOTE The NRST Page Group may be accessed by using the large right knob as described in the preceding procedure or by pressing the NRST Key NAV Pages There ar...

Page 18: ...on terms While viewing the Map Page the pilot can quickly declutter and remove many of the background map details by pressing the CLR Key repeatedly until the desired detail is depicted To change the map range press the up arrow to zoom out or the down arrow to zoom in of the RNG map range Key The current map range is depicted in the lower left corner of the Map Display Direct to Navigation The GP...

Page 19: ...ve Leg of Flight Plan User selectable Data Fields The Default NAV Page displays a graphic course deviation indicator CDI the active leg of the flight plan as defined by the current from and to waypoints and six user selectable data fields The default settings for these fields are distance to waypoint DIS desired track DTK bearing to waypoint BRG ground speed GS ground track TRK and estimated time ...

Page 20: ...ion and the destination airport Displaying the frequency list for the desired flight plan or direct to airport 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor on the airport identifier field in the GPS Window 2 Turn the small right knob to display the list of airports departure arrival and enroute for the flight plan or direct to Continue to turn the small right knob until the desired airport ...

Page 21: ...NT Key to display a list of available procedures for the departure when using SIDs or arrival when using approaches or STARs airport 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired procedure and press the ENT Key 4 For approaches a window appears Figure 1 22 to select the desired initial approach fix IAF or provide a vectors option to select just the final course segment of the approach Turn the...

Page 22: ...group Nearest Airport Page Nearest NDB Page Nearest User Waypoint Page Nearest FSS Page Nearest Intersection Page Nearest VOR Page Nearest ARTCC Page Nearest Airspace Page The communication frequencies and runway information may both be examined directly from the Nearest Airport Page Displaying the NRST pages 1 Press the NRST Key to select the Nearest Airport Page Figure 1 23 2 Turn the small righ...

Page 23: ...e to a nearby facility in an in flight emergency Selecting a nearby airport as a direct to destination overrides the flight plan or cancels a previously selected direct to destination The pilot will still have the option of returning to the flight planbycancellingthedirect to seeSection3 1 Cancelling Direct to Navigation Selecting a nearby airport as a direct to destination from the Nearest Airpor...

Page 24: ... 27 Nearest Airspace Page By default airspace alert messages are turned off When turned on the message MSG annunciator located directly above the MSG Key flashes to alert the pilot to the airspace message See Section 8 4 Setup 1 Page Airspace Alarms for information on enabling airspace alert messages Viewing an airspace alert message 1 PresstheMSGKey TheMessagesPageappears with the alert message F...

Page 25: ...f the GPS 400 it will only be discussed briefly here with focus on creating a new flight plan and activating it to use for navigation After reading through this brief introduction answers to additional questions about flight plans can be found in Section 4 Flight Plans Creating a new flight plan 1 Press the FPL Key 2 Turn the small right knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page 3 Press the MENU...

Page 26: ...vated from the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Activating the flight plan places it into flight plan 00 a copy of it still resides in the original catalog location and replaces any flight plan which currently exists in flight plan 00 Activating the new flight plan 1 Press the MENU Key to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 2 Turn the small right knob to select Activate Flight Plan Figure 1 33 ...

Page 27: ... the number of pages available within that group indicated by the square icons and the placement of the current page within that group indicated by a highlighted square icon The bottom right corner of the screen is also used to display the GPS 400 s turn advisories Turn to 230 and waypoint alerts Next DTK 230 during flight plan and approach operations See Section 5 for more information Figure 2 1 ...

Page 28: ... quickly selected from any page by pressing and holding the CLR Key Figure 2 3 Default NAV Page Course Deviation Indicator CDI User selectable Data Fields Active Leg of Flight Plan TO FROM Flag Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group The Default NAV Page displays a graphic course deviation indicator CDI across the top of the page ...

Page 29: ...e Right Left hand Holding Pattern Right hand Holding Pattern Table 2 2 NAV Page Symbols Selecting Desired On Screen Data At the bottom of the Default NAV Page there are six user definable fields which display the data needed as the flight progresses Figure 2 3 By default these fields display distance to destination DIS desired track DTK bearing to destination BRG ground speed GS ground track TRK a...

Page 30: ...o press the ENT Key to select this option 3 Use the large right knob to highlight the data field to be changed Figure 2 5 Figure 2 5 DIS Field Highlighted 4 Turn the small right knob to display the list of available data items Figure 2 6 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list Figure 2 6 Select Field Type Window 5 Press the ENT Key to select the desired ...

Page 31: ...or additional details on using the crossfill option 2 4 Map Page The second NAV page is the Map Page Figure 2 8 which displays the present position using an airplane symbol along with nearby airports NAVAIDs user defined waypoints airspace boundaries lakes rivers highways and cities Figure 2 8 Map Page Number of Pages in Current Page Group Map Range Map Display Data Fields Present Position Positio...

Page 32: ...in to a smaller map area and more detail An autozoom feature is available which automatically adjusts from an enroute range of 2000 nm through each lower range stopping at a range of 1 0 nm as the aircraft approaches the destination waypoint The autozoom featureisturnedon offfromtheMapSetupPage described in Section 2 4 The Map Page also displays a background map or basemap showing lakes rivers coa...

Page 33: ...t DIS and ground speed GS Any of these data fields may be changed to display a different data type as outlined in Section 2 4 The pilot may also remove the four data fields from the map to show a larger map image as described in Section 2 4 Map Panning Another Map Page function is panning which allows the pilot to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map range When the pann...

Page 34: ...he target pointer on a waypoint Figure 2 11 2 Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page s for the selected waypoint Figure 2 12 Figure 2 12 Information for On Screen Waypoint 3 Press the CLR Key to exit the information page s Map Direct to Designating an on screen airport NAVAID or user waypoint as the direct to destination 1 Use the panning function Map Panning in this section to...

Page 35: ...e area is congested and it is difficult to select an open area the pilot may need to zoom in or press the CLR Key to make the selection easier Figure 2 14 Figure 2 14 Select Airspace with Target Pointer 2 Press the ENT Key to display an options menu Figure 2 15 Figure 2 15 Map Panning Options Window 3 Review Airspace should already be highlighted If not select it with the small right knob Press th...

Page 36: ... the settings available for each group Group Available Settings Map Orientation AutoZoom Land Data Aviation Data Weather Lightning Mode Symbol when applicable Traffic Traffic Mode Symbol Label when applicable Airport Large Medium Small Airports and Text NAVAID VORs NDBs Intersections and Text Waypoint User Waypoints Waypoint Text Flight Plan Wpts Line Active Flight Plan Lat Long Control Controlled...

Page 37: ... 17 Map Setup Window 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the Orientation field 4 Turn the small right knob to select the desired option a Select DTK up to fix the top of the Map Display to the desired course b Select North up to fix the top of the Map Display to a north heading c Select Track up Figure 2 18 to adjust the top of the Map Display to the current track heading Figure 2 18 Orientat...

Page 38: ... Map and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the appropriate field 4 Turn the small right knob to select On or Off 5 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option Displaying airports NAVAIDs active flight plan waypoints user created waypoints state provincial boundaries rivers lakes and cities 1 From the Map Page Menu turn the large right knob to highlight Setup Map and pr...

Page 39: ...bearing and distance between two points 1 Turn the large right knob to highlight Measure Dist Figure 2 20 Figure 2 20 Map Page Menu 2 Press the ENT Key an on screen reference pointer appears on the Map Display at the present position 3 Turn the small and large right knobs to place the reference pointer at the desired location to measure FROM and press the ENT Key Figure 2 21 Figure 2 21 Using Poin...

Page 40: ...gure 2 23 and press the ENT Key Figure 2 23 Map Page Menu 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the data field to be changed 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired type of data Figure 2 24 to appear on this field and press the ENT Key Figure 2 24 Select Data Field Window 4 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor NOTE The on screen traffic information occupies two data fields ...

Page 41: ...ng Indicator The heading indication on the TERRAIN Page always displays TRK for Track up unless there is no valid heading Obstacles Potential Impact Points Figure 2 26 TERRAIN Page 120 View GPS derived MSL Altitude Red Terrain Warning Terrain Above or Within 100 Below Aircraft Altitude Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Headi...

Page 42: ...g the display range Select theTERRAIN Page and press up or down on the RNG Key to select the desired range 1 nm 2 nm 5 nm 10 nm 25 nm 50 nm 100 nm Figure 2 29 Display Range Field Figure 2 29 TERRAIN Display Range Aviation information such as airports VORs and other NAVAIDs can be turned on or off from the TERRAIN Page Showing or hiding aviation data 1 Select theTERRAIN Page and press the MENU Key ...

Page 43: ...d by default 2 Press the ENT Key The TERRAIN system is functional again TERRAIN Symbols NOTE See Section 9 2 for a complete description of TERRAIN symbology The following symbols Figure 2 33 are used to represent obstacles and potential impact points on the TERRAIN Page Red Symbol Terrain Obstacle is above or within 100 feet below the aircraft altitude Yellow Symbol Terrain Obstacle is between 100...

Page 44: ...equencies for the airport nearest the departure position Figure 2 34 NAV COM Page Frequency Type Departure Enroute or Arrival Airport Assigned Frequency and Usage Information when applicable Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Selecting a frequency list for a departure enroute or arrival airport 1 Press the small right knob to...

Page 45: ...Scroll Bar Figure 2 36 Scroll Bar NAV COM frequencies are shown for reference only Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage as follows TX transmit only RX receive only PT part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions the frequency is preceded by an Info designation Viewing usage restrictions for a frequency 1 Turn the large right knob to pl...

Page 46: ...cator for quick at a glance ground track information Directly below are three user selectable fields which by default display track ground speed and altitude Barometric pressure BARO settings and minimum safe altitude MSA can also be displayed in these fields MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within approximately ten miles of the present position MSA is calculated from the information contai...

Page 47: ...t Change Fields and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint type field bottom left corner of the page default setting shows APT see Figure 2 42 Figure 2 42 Waypoint Type Field Highlighted 4 Turn the small right knob to display the list of available waypoint types Figure 2 43 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list Figure 2...

Page 48: ...w 8 Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page Restoring Factory Settings A Restore Defaults option allows the pilot to reset all data fields to their original factory default settings This returns the three user selectable fields at the top of the page and the reference waypoint fields to default settings Restoring the factory default settings 1 Press the MENU Key t...

Page 49: ...tion of Current Page within Current Page Group 10 As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites a signal strength bar appears for each satellite in view with the appropriate satellite number 01 32 underneath each bar The status of satellite reception is shown as follows No signal strength bars The receiver is looking for the satellites indicated Hollow signal strength bars The receiver has found the s...

Page 50: ... should be in view 2D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 2D navigation mode Altitude data is provided by an altitude serializer 3D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and computes altitude using satellite data Poor Coverg The GPS receiver cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation Rcvr Not Usbl The GPS receiver is unusable due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satell...

Page 51: ...t Distance 2 Altitude Reference AGL or MSL 3 Target Reference 4 Vertical Speed Desired 5 Vertical Speed Required 6 Current Page Group 7 Number of Pages in Current Page Group 8 Position of Current Page within Current Page Group 9 NOTE To use the vertical navigation features ground speed must be greater than 35 knots and the pilot must be navigating to a direct to destination or using a flight plan ...

Page 52: ...53 Reference Distance Selected 6 Turn the small right knob to select Before or After and press the ENT Key This setting designates whether the offset distance defines a point before the aircraft reaches the target reference waypoint or after the aircraft reaches the waypoint 7 When using a flight plan the target refer ence waypoint itself can be specified from the waypoints contained in the flight...

Page 53: ... proper descent or climb angle At 500 feet above or below for a climb the target altitude an Approaching Target Altitude message is provided The VSR readout on the Default NAV Page and the Map Page is blanked out at this point Vertical navigation messages can be turned on or off they are off by default Turning the messages off allows the pilot to keep the previous profile settings without having t...

Page 54: ...GPS 400 Pilot s Guide and Reference 190 00140 60 Rev H SECTION 2 NAV PAGES 2 28 Blank Page ...

Page 55: ...th the waypoint identifier field highlighted Figure 3 1 Select Direct to Waypoint Page 2 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired destination waypoint Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 Waypoint Identifier Field Selected 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected waypoint and press the ENT Key again to activate the direct to function Figure 3 3 Figure 3 3 Activate Field Highl...

Page 56: ...ghted 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the facility name second line or the city third line field 3 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the facility name or city location of the desired destination waypoint Figure 3 5 When spelling the facility name or city the GPS 400 s Spell N Find feature selects the first entry in the database based upon the characters entered up to that point...

Page 57: ... Key again to activate the direct to function Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct to Destination The Select Direct to Waypoint Page always displays the nearest airports from the present position in the NRST field Nearby airports may also be selected as direct to destinations using the steps described in Section 7 1 Selecting a nearby airport as a direct to destination 1 Press the Direct to K...

Page 58: ...r airports and NAVAIDs or from pages that display a list of waypoints e g the Nearest Airport Page Selecting an on screen waypoint as a direct to destination 1 If a single airport NAVAID or user waypoint is displayed on screen Figure 3 9 Figure 3 9 Single Waypoint Displayed a Press the Direct to Key b Press the ENT Key twice 2 If a list of waypoints is displayed on screen a Press the small right k...

Page 59: ... is highlighted Figure 3 11 Press the Direct to Key and the ENT Key twice to navigate to the waypoint Figure 3 11 Panning Pointer Placed on Waypoint 4 If the panning pointer is placed on an open location press the Direct to Key and the ENT Key twice to create a MAP waypoint and navigate to it Cancelling Direct to Navigation Once a direct to is activated the GPS 400 provides navigation guidance to ...

Page 60: ...Use the small and large right knobs to select the destination waypoint 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected waypoint then turn the large right knob to highlight the course CRS field Figure 3 13 Figure 3 13 CRS Course Field Highlighted 4 Turn the small and large right knobs to select the desired course Figure 3 14 and press the ENT Key Figure 3 14 Course Field Selected 5 Press the ENT Key ag...

Page 61: ...e Flight Plan Catalog Page Figure 4 1 allows the pilot to create edit activate delete and copy flight plans Flight plans numbered from 1 through 19 are used to save flight plans for future use Flight plan 00 is reserved exclusively for the flight plan currently in use for navigation Any time the pilot activates a flight plan a copy of the flight plan is automatically transferred to flight plan 00 ...

Page 62: ...an 1 Press the FPL Key and turn the small right knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired flight plan and press the ENT Key 4 Turn the large right knob to select the point to add the new waypoint If an existing waypoint is highlighted the new waypoint is placed directly in front of this wayp...

Page 63: ...he Flight Plan Catalog Page A one line user comment may be added to any flight plan which is displayed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page next to the flight plan s number By default as the flight plan is being created the comment shows the first and last waypoints in the flight plan Changing the comment line for an existing flight plan 1 From the Flight Plan Catalog Page press the small right knob to...

Page 64: ...an Catalog Page Menu 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight Activate Flight Plan and press the ENT Key Figure 4 9 Figure 4 9 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Inverting Flight Plans After travelling along a flight plan the pilot may wish to reverse the route for navigation guidance back to the original departure point Activating an existing flight plan in reverse order 1 From the Flight Plan Catalog...

Page 65: ... By default the next empty catalog location is offered To select a different location turn the large right knob to select the flight plan number use the small and large right knobs to enter a different number and press the ENT Key 5 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to copy the flight plan Deleting Flight Plans Once finished with a flight plan it can easily be deleted from the Flight Plan Cat...

Page 66: ...on or active flight plan on one unit is seen on the other For additional information see following procedure in this section or Section 8 2 Flight Planning Page Crossfill Copy Flight Plan Allows the pilot to copy the selected flight plan to a new flight plan location as described previously in this section The copy function is useful for duplicating an existing flight plan before making changes De...

Page 67: ...large right knob to select the Transfer field then turn the small right knob to select the type of information to transfer between units active flight plan flight plan all user waypoints or a single user waypoint When Flight Plan or User Waypoint is selected a second field appears to the immediate right of the Transfer field Use the small and large right knobs to enter the number of the flight pla...

Page 68: ...Figure 4 16 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 2 A confirmation window appears Figure 4 17 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key Figure 4 17 Delete All Flight Plans Window Sorting the catalog listing by number or comment Select the Sort List By Number or Sort List By Comment option whichever is currently displayed from the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Figure 4 18 and press the ENT Key Figure 4 18 Fli...

Page 69: ...t plan the Active Flight Plan Page shows each waypoint for the flight plan or a single waypoint for a direct to Figure 4 19 along with the desired track DTK and distance DIS for each leg Figure 4 19 Active Flight Plan Page Active Flight Plan Options The options shown in Table 4 1 are available for the Active Flight Plan Page Accessing the Active Flight Plan Menu Page 1 Press the FPL Key to view th...

Page 70: ...s using the PROC Key as described in Section 5 1 Select Arrival Allows the pilot to select a published standard terminal arrival route STAR for the destination airport or replace the current arrival with a new selection Section 5 1 for information on selecting arrivals using the PROC Key Select Departure Allows the pilot to select a published standard instrument departure SID for the departure air...

Page 71: ... small right knob to select the desired data item Figure 4 22 and press the ENT Key Figure 4 22 Select Field Type Window 5 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor Restoring factory default settings for data fields on the Active Flight Plan Page 1 With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed press the MENU Key to display theActive Flight Plan Page Menu 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight...

Page 72: ...ob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press the ENT Key The Vectors option assumes the pilot will receive vectors to the final course segment of the approach and will provide navigation guidance to intercept this final course Figure 4 26 Transitions Window 4 Turn the large right knob to highlight Load or Activate and press the ENT Key Load adds the approach to the flight plan without...

Page 73: ...ing available transitions Figure 4 29 for the arrival Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press the ENT Key Figure 4 29 Transitions Window 4 With Load highlighted press the ENT Key Selecting a departure for the departure airport 1 Select the Select Departure option from the Active Flight Plan Page Menu and press the ENT Key 2 A window appears listing the avai...

Page 74: ...tive Flight Plan Page Menu Figure 4 31 and press the ENT Key Figure 4 31 Active Flight Plan Page Menu 2 A window appears with the reference waypoint field highlighted Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 A confirmation window appears for the selected reference waypoint Figure 4 32 Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint Figu...

Page 75: ...ighlight the title for the approach Figure 4 33 departure or arrival to be deleted Titles appear in light blue directly above the procedure s waypoints Figure 4 33 Highlight Item To Be Deleted 3 Press the CLR Key to display a confirmation window Figure 4 34 Figure 4 34 Remove Approach Window 4 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to remove the selected procedure This same process may also be use...

Page 76: ... display an Activate Leg confirmation window Figure 4 37 Figure 4 37 Activate Leg Window 3 With Activate highlighted press the ENT Key When using instrument procedures this feature can be used not only to activate a specific point to point leg but to also activate the procedure turn portion of an approach follow a DME arc or activate a holding pattern Any approach departure or arrival can be revie...

Page 77: ...ports must have published procedures associated with them Selecting an approach departure or arrival 1 Press the PROC Key to display the Procedures Page 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight Select Approach Select Departure or Select Arrival Figure 5 1 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 1 Procedures Page 3 A window appears listing the available procedures Figure 5 2 Turn the large right knob to hig...

Page 78: ...name Figure 5 4 indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver Some procedures do not have this designation meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only ILS approaches for example must be flown by tuning an external VLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling the VLOC receiver to the external CDI or HSI Figure 5 4 GPS Designations Once an appro...

Page 79: ...te the full approach using the Activate Approach option 5 2 Non Precision Approach Operations The GPS 400 provides non precision approach guidance using its built in GPS receiver The GPS receiver can also be used as a supplemental aid for precision approaches but external localizer and glideslope receivers must be used for primary approach course guidance Approaches designed specifically for GPS a...

Page 80: ... flight plan but retains course guidance in the enroute section until the approach is activated 4 Activate the full approach or vectors to final as appropriate In some scenarios it may be more convenient to immediately activate the approach and skip the load process outlined in the preceding step 3 The GPS 400 provides both options Approaches with Procedure Turns The procedure turn portion of an a...

Page 81: ...view theATIS frequency from the list on the NAV COM Page Section 2 6 and Figure 5 10 The ATIS frequency may be used to tune an external COM transceiver Figure 5 10 NAV COM Page 3 Press the PROC Key Figure 5 11 and select the VOR 03 approach using the steps outlined in Section 5 1 Figure 5 11 Procedures Page 4 From the Transitions Window Figure 5 12 select LYH VOR the IAF Also select Load to load b...

Page 82: ...Figure 5 14 Figure 5 14 CDI Scale at 1 0 nm 2 Several miles prior to reaching the IAF LYH the pilot may wish to review the approach sequence Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page Press the small right knob and then turn the large right knob to review each segment of the approach Figure 5 15 When finished press the FPL Key again to return to the previous page Figure 5 15 Active F...

Page 83: ...ap Page and indicated as the active leg on the Default NAV Page and theActive Flight Plan Page The CDI needle starts moving to the right 7 When turning to intercept the inbound course the GPS 400 sequences to the inbound leg to the FAF the CDI needle swings to the opposite side to provide proper sensing along the final course segment and NEXT DTK 025 appears in the lower right corner of the screen...

Page 84: ...lower right corner 13 After crossing the MAP SUSP appears above the OBS Key Figure 5 20 indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP A from indication is displayed on the CDI and Default NAV Page but course guidance along the final approach course continues If a missed approach is required use the OBS Key to initiate the missed approach sequence as outlined be...

Page 85: ...long the 053 radial from LYH VOR 3 An alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen recommends entry procedures for the holding pattern i e HOLD DIRECT HOLD PARALLEL or HOLD TEARDROP see Figure 5 23 When flying the holding pattern a timer appears on the Default NAV Page Figure 5 24 The timer automatically resets on the outbound side of the hold when the aircraft is abeam the hold wayp...

Page 86: ...Waypoint Page 3 Press the ENT Key twice This time the pilot selects the GPS runway 21 approach into Farmville Regional The GPS runway 21 approach begins with a holding pattern at the IAF BODRY intersection 4 Press the PROC Key and select the GPS 21 approach Figure 5 27 also Section 5 1 for additional instructions Figure 5 27 Approach Window 5 From the Transitions Window select BODRY intersection a...

Page 87: ...ry Figure 5 31 HOLD DIRECT or HOLD PARALLEL may be offered on other similar approaches Figure 5 31 HOLD TEARDROP Annunciation 9 As mentioned in the missed approach example the Default NAV Page displays a timer during the holding pattern Figure 5 32 The timer can be used to fly the one minute outbound portion of the holding pattern The holding pattern is displayed on the Map Page and indicated as t...

Page 88: ...lready been passed re activate the holding pattern using the steps described in Section 5 2 Figure 5 33 Approach Mode DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Refer to Figure 5 33 for the following steps 11 When approaching BODRY intersection a waypoint alert APPRCHING WPT appears in the lower right corner of the screen Figure 5 34 Figure 5 34 Waypoint Alert 12 At 2 0 nm from the FAF DEPOY intersection the GPS 4...

Page 89: ...nt is displayed in magenta the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP Do not follow this extended course Instead follow published missed approach procedures 15 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower right corner 16 After crossing the MAP SUSP appears above the OBS Key Figure 5 36 indicating th...

Page 90: ...Figure 5 37 Enroute Mode NOTE As this manual was being written the letter number DME arc names were being replaced with standard five letter intersection names Either naming convention may be used for an approach This example is based upon a flight from Hutchinson Kansas Municipal KHUT to Billard Municipal KTOP in Topeka Kansas The VOR DME runway 22 approach is selected along with D258G as the IAF...

Page 91: ...from 5 0 to 1 0 nm full scale deflection 4 If the approach has not yet been activated in step 2 do so when cleared for the approach Figure 5 42 Figure 5 42 Procedures Page 5 WhenapproachingtheIAF D258G awaypoint alert NEXT DTK 353 appears in the lower right corner of the screen Figure 5 43 As the distance DIS to the IAF approaches zero the alert is replaced by a turn advisory TURN TO 353 Figure 5 ...

Page 92: ...visory TURNTO 205 Dial this course into the CDI or HSI using the OBS knob Figure 5 44 Intermediate Approach Fix 8 At 2 0 nm from the FAF TOP VOR the GPS 400 switches from terminal mode to approach mode CDI scaling is tightened from 1 0 to 0 3 nm full scale deflection Refer to Figure 5 45 for the following steps DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Figure 5 45 Approach Mode 9 When approaching the FAF NEXT DTK...

Page 93: ...but course guidance along the final approach course continues Do not follow this extended course Follow published missed approach procedures using the OBS Key to initiate the missed approach sequence as outlined in Flying the Missed Approach in this section Figure 5 48 SUSP Annunciation Vectors to Final Take a second look at the VOR 22 approach into Billard Municipal Instead of following the DME a...

Page 94: ...y or as the last waypoint in a flight plan 2 Press the PROC Key and select the VOR 22 approach using the steps outlined in Section 5 1 3 From the Transitions Window select D258G as the IAF Figure 5 50 Also select Load Figure 5 50 Transitions Window 4 When cleared press the PROC Key and select Activate Vector To Final Figure 5 51 Figure 5 51 Procedures Page Flying the Vectors Approach With vectors ...

Page 95: ...ws the GPS 400 to provide guidance to the final approach course 3 ATC instructs the pilot to turn left to a heading of 025 This places the aircraft parallel to the final approach course in the opposite direction Figure 5 53 CDI needle deflection is to the left Figure 5 53 Heading of 025 4 ATC instructs the pilot to turn right to a heading of 115 Figure 5 54 Figure 5 54 Heading of 115 5 ATC instruc...

Page 96: ...Figure 5 58 Figure 5 58 Waypoint Alert 8 After crossing the FAF the destination sequences to the MAP RW22 9 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower right corner 10 After crossing the MAP SUSP appears above the OBS Key Figure 5 59 indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP A from indication is displayed on the CDI and Defau...

Page 97: ...nt fix Figure 5 60 Figure 5 60 Active Flight Plan Page DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Palmdale CA AF Plant 42 VOR DME or GPS Rwy 25 Figure 5 61 KPMD Approach This example uses the VOR DME RWY 25 approach into Palmdale California KPMD andincludesateardropcourse reversal refer to Figure 5 61 for the following steps 1 At the initial approach fix PMD a waypoint alert NEXT DTK 070 appears in the lower right...

Page 98: ...om terminal mode to approach mode APR appears in the lower left corner of the screen replacing TERM CDI scaling is tightened from 1 0 to 0 3 nm full scale deflection 6 When approaching the FAF NEXT DTK 265 appears in the lower right corner of the screen 7 After crossing the FAF the destination sequences to the MAP MA25 8 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower r...

Page 99: ...A AF Plant 42 VOR DME or GPS Rwy 25 Figure 5 66 Palmdale Missed Approach In this instance the leg corresponds to the initial phase of the missed approach which reads Climb to 5000 outbound via PMD VOR R 282 Refer to Figure 5 66 for the following steps 1 After crossing the MAP press the OBS Key The missed approach sequence is automatically offered starting with the course from fix to altitude leg T...

Page 100: ...PMD VOR Intercept and fly the inbound course Figure 5 68 Waypoint Alert 6 When approaching PMD VOR the missed approach holding point an alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen recommends the holding pattern entry procedure HOLD PARALLEL When flying the holding pattern a timer appears on the Default NAV Page The timer automatically resets on each outbound and inbound portion of t...

Page 101: ...ter departure From over HFD VOR proceed via the HFD R 143 to Thumb Int then via the HTO R 010 to Yoder Int then via the CCC R 057 to CCC VOR Then via transition or assigned route Figure 5 69 Coastal One Departure Refer to Figure 5 69 for the following steps 1 Select the departure CSTL1 from the Procedures Page then select the departure runway RW02 in this example see Figure 6 70 and transition GED...

Page 102: ...oint along the remainder of the departure route including the selected transition 5 3 Points to Remember for All Approaches The GPS 400 is designed to complement printed approach plates and vastly improve situational awareness throughout the approach However the pilot must always fly an approach as it appears on the approach plate The active leg or the portion of the approach currently in use is d...

Page 103: ...ewing any of the main pages 2 Turn the large right knob to select the WPT Page Group WPT appears in the lower right corner of the screen 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired WPT page NOTE The GPS 400 uses ICAO identifiers for all airports All U S airport identifiers which contain only letters use the prefix K For example Los Angeles International is KLAX under the ICAO standard Other ...

Page 104: ...press the small right knob Entering a waypoint facility name or city location 1 Select the Airport Location Page NDB Page or VOR Page from the WPT Page Group as described on the preceding page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to select the facility name or location city field 4 Turn the small right knob to select the desired character Figure 6 2 Figur...

Page 105: ...y name or city location 2 When spelling the facility name or location using the small and large right knobs the GPS 400 s Spell N Find feature selects the first entry Figure 6 5 in the database based upon the characters entered up to that point Figure 6 5 First Facility for Albuquerque 3 Continue turning the small right knob to scroll through any additional database listings Figure 6 6 for the sel...

Page 106: ...Best Available Approach 8 Current Page Group 9 Position of Current Page within Current Page Group 10 Number of Pages in Current Page Group 7 1 5 4 2 10 8 3 6 9 Figure 6 8 Airport Location Page The following descriptions and abbreviations are used Type Usage type Public Heliport Military or Private Position Latitude Longitude degrees minutes or degrees minutes seconds MGRS or UTM UPS Elevation In f...

Page 107: ...e Runway Designations Runway Length and Width Surface and Lighting Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Displaying information for each additional runway 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the runway designation field Figure 6 9 3 Turn the small right knob to d...

Page 108: ...nd frequency types for the selected airport as well as sector and altitude restrictions where applicable If the selected airport has an ILS approach the localizer frequency ies are also listed on the Airport Frequency Page Figure 6 12 COM and VLOC frequencies are for reference only Figure 6 12 Airport Frequency Page Airport Identifier Symbol and Type Frequency Frequency Type Scroll Bar Usage Restr...

Page 109: ... directly to the left of the desired frequency Figure 6 14 Figure 6 14 Info Designation Highlighted 2 Press the ENT Key to display the restriction information Figure 6 15 Figure 6 15 Restriction Information Page 3 To return to the Airport Frequency Page press the ENT Key The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the Airport Frequency Page Type Usage type Public Heliport Military or ...

Page 110: ...t Page Group Scrolling through the available approaches and transitions 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the approach APR procedure name field Figure 6 16 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available approaches for the selected airport Figure 6 17 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired approa...

Page 111: ...ed approach into the active flight plan without activating it This performs the same operation as selecting Load from the Procedures Page Select Approach option See Section 5 1 Load and Activate Allows the pilot to load the selected approach into the active flight plan and activate navigation guidance to the approach transition Section 5 1 Table 6 2 Loading an approach from the Airport Approach Pa...

Page 112: ... Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Current Page Group Scrolling through the available arrivals 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the arrival ARVL procedure name field Figure 6 21 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available arrivals for the selected airport Figure 6 22 Continue t...

Page 113: ...press the small right knob Airport Arrival Page Options The following option is available for the Airport Arrival Page by pressing the MENU Key Load into Active FPL allows the pilot to load the selected arrival into the active flight plan This is identical to loading an arrival procedure from the Procedures Page as described in Section 5 1 Loading an arrival procedure from the Airport Arrival Page...

Page 114: ...lace the cursor on the departure DEP procedure name field Figure 6 26 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available departures for the selected airport Figure 6 27 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired departure Figure 6 27 Departure Window 4 Press the ENT Key The cursor moves to the runway field 5 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available runw...

Page 115: ...Intersection Page Figure 6 30 displays the latitude longitude region and country for the selected intersection The Intersection Page also displays the identifier radial and distance from the nearest VOR VORTAC or VOR DME Figure 6 30 Intersection Page Intersection Identifier and Symbol Region Country Nearest VOR and Symbol Radial and Distance from Nearest VOR Latitude Longitude Position Number of P...

Page 116: ...st on the selected facility s frequency 6 10 VOR Page The VOR Page Figure 6 32 displays the facility name city region country magnetic variation latitude and longitude for the selected VOR The VOR Page also displays the frequency and a weather broadcast indication if applicable Figure 6 32 VOR Page VOR Identifier and Symbol Facility Name City and Region Country Frequency and Weather Broadcast Indi...

Page 117: ...agnetic or degrees true depending upon unit configuration DIS Distance from reference waypoint in nautical miles statute miles kilometers depending upon unit configuration Position Latitude Longitude degrees minutes or degrees minutes seconds MGRS or UTM UPS User waypoints may only be selected by name identifier as described in Section 6 1 Creating User Waypoints User waypoints may be created from...

Page 118: ... 2 Use the small and large right knobs to enter a name for the new waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the first reference waypoint REF WPT field 4 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint The reference waypoint can be an airport VOR NDB intersection or another user waypoint Press the ENT Key to accept the selected id...

Page 119: ... this field displays a radial from the nearest VOR However the pilot can select any waypoint by identifier to use as a reference in this field The GPS 400 can store user defined waypoints which are generated from other equipment in the panel For example an EFIS equipped with joystick inputs can be used to create user waypoints which if the installation supports this automatically transfer to the G...

Page 120: ... new position information directly over the old information Modifying a user waypoint by changing its latitude longitude position 1 With the User Waypoint Page displayed press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the name of the desired waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the position field at the bottom of t...

Page 121: ...d Selected 5 The cursor moves to the radial RAD field Figure 6 43 Use the small and large right knobs to change the radial from the reference waypoint if desired Press the ENT Key to accept the selected radial Figure 6 43 Radial Field Selected 6 The cursor moves to the distance DIS field Figure 6 44 Use the small and large right knobs to change the distance from the reference waypoint to the new u...

Page 122: ...ntly used and available memory Figure 6 46 If more user waypoints are stored than can be displayed on a single screen turn the large right knob to scroll through the UserWaypoint List Figure 6 46 User Waypoint List Page 4 Press the small right knob to return to the User Waypoint Page Delete User Waypoint allows the pilot to delete the selected waypoint from memory Deleting a user waypoint 1 Select...

Page 123: ...om this page the pilot may review all information defining the waypoint and its position 4 To modify the waypoint s position or reference waypoint information follow the steps described in this section 5 To exit the User Waypoint Page turn the large right knob to highlight Done and press the ENT Key Renaming a user waypoint from the User Waypoint List 1 Select the User Waypoint List as described i...

Page 124: ...ypoint Window 4 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to delete the selected user waypoint Deleting all user waypoints from memory 1 Select the User Waypoint List as described in this section 2 Press the MENU Key to display a menu for the User Waypoint List Figure 6 52 Figure 6 52 User Waypoint List Page Menu 3 With Delete All User Waypoints highlighted press the ENT Key 4 A delete all waypoints ...

Page 125: ...nclude the five nearest Flight Service Station FSS and center ARTCC FIR points of communication plus alerts the pilot to any nearby Special Use SUA or Controlled Airspaces Page Groups NAV Group WPT Group AUX Group NRST Group see Section 2 see Section 6 see Section 8 8 NRST pages Table 7 1 Page Groups Figure 7 1 NRST Pages NRST Airport NRST Intersection NRST NDB NRST VOR NRST User NRST Center NRST ...

Page 126: ...e desired NRST page using the steps outlined on the preceding page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list The scroll bar along the right hand side of the page indicates which part of the list is currently being viewed Figure 7 3 Figure 7 3 Nearest Airport Page Scroll Bar 4 Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor T...

Page 127: ...ntersection or user waypoint as a direct to destination 1 Use the flashing cursor to scroll through a NRST page list Figure 7 5 and highlight the desired nearest waypoint as outlined in Section 7 1 Figure 7 5 Nearest VOR Page 2 Press the Direct to Key to display the select Direct to Waypoint Page Figure 7 6 Figure 7 6 Direct to Waypoint Page 3 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected waypoint s id...

Page 128: ...ays or undesirable runway surface types so that the corresponding airports do not appear on the list The pilot may wish to use this feature to exclude seaplane bases or runway lengths which would be difficult or impossible to land upon See Section 8 5 Setup 2 Page Nearest Airport Criteria for additional details Additional communication frequencies runway information and more are available from the...

Page 129: ...o the Nearest Airport Page verify that Done is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press the ENT Key or press the CLR Key 7 3 Nearest Intersection Page The Nearest Intersection Page Figure 7 12 displays the identifier symbol bearing and distance to the nine nearest intersections within 200 nm of the present position Toviewadditionalinformationforanearbyintersection start from the Nearest Inters...

Page 130: ... 7 5 Nearest VOR Page The Nearest VOR Page Figure 7 14 displays the identifier symbol bearing and distance to the nine nearest VORs within 200 nm of the present position For each VOR listed the nearest VOR Page also indicates the frequency of the nearby VOR for reference in tuning a VOR receiver Figure 7 14 Nearest VOR Page Bearing To and Distance To VOR Frequency Current Page Group Scroll Bar VOR...

Page 131: ... ENT Key or press the CLR Key 6 Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor 7 6 Nearest User Waypoint Page The Nearest User Waypoint Page Figure 7 16 displays the name bearing and distance to the nine nearest user waypoints within 200 nm of the present position Figure 7 16 Nearest User Waypoint Page Bearing To and Distance To Current Page Group Waypoint Identifier and Symbol Position ...

Page 132: ... Page Group 7 8 Nearest Flight Service Station FSS Page The Nearest Flight Service Station Page Figure 7 18 displays the facility name bearing to and distance to the five nearest FSS points of communication within 200 nm of the present position For each FSS listed the Nearest Flight Service Station Page also indicates one or more frequencies For duplex operations RX and TX indications appears besi...

Page 133: ...st Airspace Page shows Within 2nm of airspace If the aircraft is within two nautical miles of an airspace and the current course will not take the aircraft inside the message Near airspace less than 2nm appears The Nearest Airspace Page shows the airspace as Ahead 2nm If the aircraft has entered an airspace the message Inside Airspace appears Figure 7 20 The Nearest Airspace Page shows Inside of a...

Page 134: ...ition of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Viewing additional details for an airspace listed on the Nearest Airspace Page 1 Select the Nearest Airspace Page using the steps outlined in Section 7 1 Figure 7 22 Figure 7 22 Nearest Airspace Page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list highlig...

Page 135: ...les of what may appear as vertical limits for an airspace 5000 ft msl 5000 feet mean sea level 5000 ft agl 5000 feet above ground level MSL at mean sea level Notam Notice to Airmen Unknown Unlimited See Chart Surface All airspace alert messages except for prohibited areas may be turned on or off from the Airspace Alarms Page An altitude buffer is also provided on the Airspace Alarms Page to provid...

Page 136: ...GPS 400 Pilot s Guide and Reference 190 00140 60 Rev H 7 12 SECTION 7 NRST PAGES Blank Page ...

Page 137: ... pages see Section 7 Table 8 1 Page Groups Figure 8 1 AUX Pages Flight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2 NOTE The AUX Page Group may have five AUX pages available when the GPS 400 installation includes connection to a weather information source See Section 10 of this manual for more information Quickly selecting an AUX page 1 From any page press and hold the CLR Key to select the Default NAV Page F...

Page 138: ...ng page appears providing additional information and features Figure 8 4 Flight Planning Page Current Page Group Menu Options to Select Highlight with Cursor and Press the ENT Key Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Selecting a menu option from the Flight Planning Page 1 Press the small right knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor Figu...

Page 139: ... including the heating effect of speed read on a standard outside temperature gauge This menu option computes true airspeed TAS based upon the factors above and the calibrated airspeed CAS Also this menu option determines winds aloft the wind direction and speed and a head wind tail wind component based upon the calculated density altitude DEN ALT true airspeed aircraft heading HDG and ground spee...

Page 140: ...Change Fields option to review separate fuel information for left and right engines 3 For point to point fuel planning Figure 8 9 turn the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the from waypoint Once the waypoint s identifier is entered press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint The flashing cursor moves to the to waypoint Again turn the small and large right knobs to enter the iden...

Page 141: ...ield Use the small and large right knobs to enter the ground speed Press the ENT Key when finished 9 With all variables entered the following information is provided see also Figure 8 12 REQ Quantity of fuel required LFOB Left over fuel on board LRES Left over fuel reserve time EFF Efficiency expressed in distance per fuel units e g nautical miles per gallon RNG Range distance ENDUR Flight enduran...

Page 142: ...g Performing trip planning operations 1 Select Trip Planning from the Flight Planning Page using the steps described in this section 2 The current trip planning leg mode is displayed at the top of the page POINT TO POINT or FPL LEG for a flight plan leg To change the leg mode press the MENU Key to display the Flight Planning Page Menu for the other leg mode then press the ENT Key to accept the oth...

Page 143: ...rse DIS Distance ETE Estimated time enroute ESA Enroute safe altitude ETA Estimated time of arrival Figure 8 16 Trip Planning Page Flight Planning Page Density Alt TAS Winds Calculating density altitude true airspeed and winds aloft 1 Select Density Alt TAS Winds from the Flight Planning Page Figure 8 17 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 8 17 Density Alt TAS Winds H...

Page 144: ...the ENT Key when finished Figure 8 19 Heading Field Highlighted 7 With all variables entered the following information is provided DEN ALT Density altitude TAS True airspeed WIND Wind direction and speed HEAD TAIL WIND Magnitude of head wind or tail wind component NOTE If the installation includes components such as an airdata sensor to provide any of the variables above the DensityAlt TAS Winds P...

Page 145: ...ages data transfer error or data transfer cancelled are received during an automatic or manual transfer the pilot must force another transfer Transferring flight plans or user waypoints to from a second 400 500 series unit 1 Select Crossfill from the Flight Planning Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 The flashing cursor highlights the method field Turn the small righ...

Page 146: ... plan number field is highlighted Turn the small right knob to select the desired flight plan and press the ENT Key 6 For a specified user waypoint UserWaypoint data option the waypoint identifier field is highlighted Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired user waypoint Press the ENT Key when finished 7 The flashing cursor moves to the CROSS SIDE field Turn the ...

Page 147: ...age using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 The flashing cursor highlights the first message field 3 To edit the message text turn the large right knob to highlight the desired message field Use the small and large right knobs to edit the message text entering the new text directly over the old message Press the ENT Key when finished 4 To edit the time field turn the large rig...

Page 148: ... Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Selecting a menu option from the Utility Page 1 Press the small right knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor Figure 8 29 2 Turn the large right knob to select the desired menu option Figure 8 30 and press the ENT Key Figure 8 31 Figure 8 30 Sunrise Sunset Highlighted Figure 8 31 Waypoint Field Highlighted The following menu option...

Page 149: ...the screen Figure 8 32 indicates that satellite coverage is insufficient to pass built in RAIM tests When this occurs the GPS receiver continues to provide navigation information but should not be used for primary navigation guidance Use an alternate navigation source Figure 8 32 INTEG Annunciation If a WARN annunciation appears at the bottom left corner GPS satellite coverage may be sufficient bu...

Page 150: ...small and large right knobs to enter each checklist item followed each time by the ENT Key Each checklist may contain up to 30 line items of as much as 16 characters long Executing a checklist 1 With the Checklists Page displayed Figure 8 34 turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist and press the ENT Key Figure 8 34 Desired Checklist Highlighted 2 As each checklist item is complete...

Page 151: ... the large right knob to select Copy Checklist and press the ENT Key to copy the checklist to an empty checklist memory location Sorting the checklists by name or entry 1 With the Checklists Page displayed press the MENU Key to display an options menu 2 Turn the large right knob to select Sort List By Entry or Sort List By Name and press the ENT Key Utility Page Flight Timers Viewing using or rese...

Page 152: ...t the desired reset mode Figure 8 38 Pwr on records a departure time when the GPS 400 is turned on GS 30kt records a departure time once the GPS computed ground speed exceeds 30 knots Figure 8 38 Reset Mode Window 4 Press the ENT Key when finished 5 To reset the departure time turn the largeright knob to highlight Reset and press the ENT Key Viewing using or resetting total trip time 1 Select Flig...

Page 153: ...dout only Reset All Resets all trip statistics readouts Figure 8 41 Trip Statistics Page Menu 3 Turn the large right knob to select the desired reset option and press the ENT Key Utility Page RAIM Prediction Predicting RAIM availability 1 Select RAIM Prediction from the Utility Page Figure 8 42 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 8 42 RAIM Prediction Highlighted 2 The...

Page 154: ... non precision approaches Figure 8 44 Compute RAIM Highlighted NOTE RAIM computations predict satellite coverage within 15 minutes of the specified arrival date and time Refer to Section 8 3 for specific information regarding RAIM protection limits also refer to Section 11 for FDE Fault Detection and Exclusion information Utility Page Sunrise Sunset Calculating sunrise and sunset times at any wayp...

Page 155: ...le from this page Figure 8 48 Software Versions Page Utility Page Database Versions The Database Versions Page Figure 8 49 displays the navigation database type and version information as well as the land database type and version This page is for information purposes only no user functions are available from this page Figure 8 49 Database Versions Page Utility Page Terrain Database Versions The T...

Page 156: ...d special use airspace message alerts on or off This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspace Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the Map Page It simply turns on off the warning provided when approaching or near an airspace An altitude buffer is also provided which expands the vertical range above or below an airspace For example if the buffer is set at 500 feet and the ai...

Page 157: ...tion Auto oceanic 4 0 nm 5 0 nm or Auto enroute 2 0 nm 1 0 nm or Auto terminal 1 0 nm 0 3 nm or Auto approach 0 3 nm Table 8 3 CDI Scales An arrival alarm provided on the CDI Alarms Page may be set to notify the pilot with a message when the aircraft has reached a user defined distance to the final destination the direct to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan Once the aircraft has reach...

Page 158: ...used to define current local time UTC also called GMT or Zulu date and time are calculated directly from the GPS satellites signals and cannot be changed To use local time simply designate the offset by adding or subtracting the correct number of hours Setup 1 Page Airspace Alarms Setting the airspace warning messages or changing the altitude buffer 1 Select AirspaceAlarms from the Setup 1 Page Fi...

Page 159: ...cale Alarms Changing the CDI scale 1 Select CDI Alarms from the Setup 1 Page Figure 8 58 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 8 58 CDI Alarms Highlighted 2 The flashing cursor highlights the Selected CDI field Figure 8 59 Turn the small right knob to select the desired CDI scale The selected scale and any lower scale settings are used during the various phases of fligh...

Page 160: ... finished NOTE The CDI scale is always measured in nautical miles regardless of the current distance units of measure selected on the Units Mag Var Page Setup 1 Page Units Mag Var Setting the magnetic variation 1 Select Units Mag Var from the Setup 1 Page Figure 8 61 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 8 61 Units Mag Var Highlighted 2 The flashing cursor highlights th...

Page 161: ...UEL Fuel units in Gallons Imperial Gallons Kilograms Liters or Pounds 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired units of measure for the selected category Press the ENT Key to accept the selection Setup 1 Page Position Format Map Datum Changing the position format 1 Select Position Format Map Datum from the Setup 1 Page Figure 8 64 using the steps described at the beginning of this section...

Page 162: ...8 66 Map Datum WGS 84 Setup 1 Page Date Time Displaying local time or UTC 1 Select Date Time from the Setup 1 Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 The flashing cursor highlights the time format field Figure 8 67 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available time formats Local 12hr Local 24hr or UTC Figure 8 67 Time Format Window 3 Continue turning the smal...

Page 163: ...minus or behind UTC 4 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected offset Restoring Factory Settings When making changes to any Setup 1 Page option a RestoreDefaults menuselectionallowsthepilottorestore the original factory settings for the selected option only For example with the Airspace Alarms Page displayed the Restore Defaults option restores all Airspace Alarms Page settings to the original fac...

Page 164: ...adjust the display for optimum viewing in any condition Automatic backlighting is available which uses a built in photocell at the top left corner of the display bezel to make the proper display adjustments without any user intervention Automatic contrast adjustment varies the screen contrast level based upon current unit temperature The pilot may also select manual control of the display contrast...

Page 165: ...Manual is selected the flashing cursor moves to the backlight level field Turn the small right knob to select the desired level Press the ENT Key to accept the selection Changing the display contrast 1 Select Display from the Setup 2 Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the contrast mode field Figure 8 75 Figure 8 75 Contrast Mode...

Page 166: ... surface selection 4 The flashing cursor moves to the minimum runway length field Figure 8 77 To enter a different minimum runway length use the small and large right knobs to enter the desired length Press the ENT Key when finished Figure 8 77 Minimum Runway Length Field Selected Setup 2 Page Data Field Configuration Configuring the Data Fields 1 Select Data Field Configuration from the Setup 2 P...

Page 167: ...re 8 79 Select Field Type Window 3 Press the ENT Key to accept the data type 4 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor and return to the Setup 2 Page Setup 2 Page Auxiliary Configuration Configuring the Auxiliary Data Field 1 Select Data Field Configuration from the Setup 2 Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section Turn the large right knob to highlight the Auxiliary ...

Page 168: ...e Setup 2 Page NOTE The Traffic selection in the Auxiliary Configuration Field is only available if the GPS 400 is configured for interface with a traffic information device see Section 10 Restoring Factory Settings When making changes to any Setup 2 Page option a Restore Defaults menu selection restores the original factory settings for the selected option Restoring a Setup 2 option to the origin...

Page 169: ...contained in the TERRAIN databases comes from government agencies Garmin accurately processes and cross validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data TERRAIN displays terrain and obstructions relative to the altitude of the aircraft The displayed alerts are advisory in nature only Individual obstructions may be shown if available in the database However all obst...

Page 170: ... the GPS position and GPS MSL altitude are used to calculate and predict the aircraft s flight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles In this manner TERRAIN can provide advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain conditions Detailed alert modes are described later in this section Baro Corrected Altitude Baro correctedaltitude orindicatedaltitude isderived by adjusting the alt...

Page 171: ... Projected Flight Path 1000 ft 100 ft Threshold Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Black Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow Terrain above or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Red Figure 9 1 Terrain Altitude Color Correlation Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle Potential Impact Points Obstacle Location Alert Level 1000 AGL 1000 AGL 1000 ...

Page 172: ...coded according to Table 9 2 Figure 9 2 TERRAIN Annunciation Field TERRAIN Annunciation NOTE TERRAIN Advisory Alerts are displayed as constant black text on a yellow background TERRAIN CautionAlerts are displayed as flashing black text on a yellow background Pop up terrain alerts Figure 9 3 9 4 can also appear during an alert but only when the TERRAIN Page is not displayed There are two options wh...

Page 173: ...able None Required Terrain Clearance RTC Advisory Required Terrain Clearance RTC Caution FLASHING FLASHING Imminent Terrain Impact ITI Advisory Imminent Terrain Impact ITI Caution FLASHING FLASHING Required Obstacle Clearance ROC Advisory Required Obstacle Clearance ROC Caution FLASHING FLASHING Imminent Obstacle Impact IOI Advisory Imminent Obstacle Impact IOI Caution FLASHING FLASHING Premature ...

Page 174: ...C or ROC alert is issued a potential impact point is displayed on the TERRAIN Page Imminent Terrain Impact ITI and Imminent Obstacle Impact IOI These alerts are issued when the aircraft is below the elevation of a terrain or obstacle cell in the aircraft s projected path ITI and IOI alerts are accompanied by a potential impact point displayed on the TERRAIN Page The alert is annunciated when the p...

Page 175: ... 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Too Low Terrain Too Low Terrain Runway Threshold Figure 9 5 PDA Alerting Threshold TERRAIN Inhibit TERRAIN also has an inhibit mode that deactivates the FLTA PDA visual alerts Pilots should use discretion when inhibiting TERRAIN and always remember to enable the system when appropriate Inhibiting TERRAIN 1 Select theTERRAIN Page and press the MENU Key Inhibit Terrain is se...

Page 176: ...TERRAINNOTAVAILABLE isgeneratedontheTERRAIN Page Figure 9 8 When the GPS signal is re established and the aircraft is within the database coverage area the TER N A visual annunciation is removed Figure 9 8 TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE Display TERRAIN Failure Alert TERRAIN continually monitors several system critical items such as database validity hardware status and GPS status If the terrain obstacle da...

Page 177: ...rantee the accuracy and completeness of the data The terrain obstacle databases are contained on a datacard which is inserted in the right most slot of the GPS 400 units Appendix A NOTE Obstacles 200 and higher are included in the Obstacle Database It is very important to note that not all obstacles are necessarily charted and therefore may not be contained in the Obstacle Database Database Versio...

Page 178: ...ta card from and insert the new card into the right most slot of the GPS 400 4 Turn on the GPS 400 and verify that the TERRAIN system passes self test Terrain Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage Table 9 5 lists the area of coverage available in each database Regional definitions may change without notice Database Coverage Area Worldwide WW Latitudes N75 to S60 Longitudes W180 to E180 United States...

Page 179: ... 330 Mode STransponder and a GDL 49 or GDL 69 A Data Link Satellite Receiver NOTE Proximity Advisories and Other Traffic symbols normally displayed in white may be displayed in cyan if configured for alternate traffic color see the 400 series installation manual 10 1 Traffic Information Service TIS This section is written for Garmin GPS 400 Main System Software Version 5 01 and later GTX 330 330D ...

Page 180: ...s section of the Aeronautical Information Manual Section 1 3 5 TIS is not intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot responsibility to see and avoid other aircraft TIS should not be used for avoidance maneuvers during IMC or other times when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft TIS is intended only to assist in visual acquisition of other ai...

Page 181: ...ce and altitude remain relatively accurate and may be used to assist see and avoid Some of the more common examples of these errors follow When client or intruder aircraft maneuver excessively or abruptly the tracking algorithm may report incorrect horizontal position until the maneuvering aircraft stabilizes When a rapidly closing intruder is on a course that crosses the client aircraft course at...

Page 182: ...ing to TCAS symbology on a dedicated Traffic page and on the moving Map Page The symbology is shown in Table 10 1 and Figures 10 2 10 3 and 10 4 The symbology is described in Table 10 2 A Traffic Advisory TA symbol appears as a solid yellow circle or half circle on the outer range ring if the traffic is outside the range of the dedicated Traffic Page Other Traffic is displayed as hollow white may ...

Page 183: ... Track The target track vector is a short line displayed in 45 increments The vector protrudes from each target symbol in the approximate direction of travel Table 10 2 TIS Options Traffic Page TIS Traffic data is displayed on the Traffic Page Figure 10 5 and the Map Page Unlike other forms of traffic TIS traffic does not require heading data to be valid on the map If heading is available the Traf...

Page 184: ...ponder Figure 10 9 No Data Message OPER When the Traffic Page displays OPER in the upper right hand corner of the display Figure 10 11 the TIS system is in operational mode and available to display traffic on the Traffic or Map Page STANDBY When the Traffic Page displays STANDBY Figure 10 10 the TIS system is in standby mode and cannot display traffic data Figure 10 10 Standby Message TRFC CST The...

Page 185: ...ressing the ENT Key or go back to the previous page by pressing the CLR Key Figure 10 13 Traffic Warning Window NOTE The Traffic Warning Window is disabled when the aircraft ground speed is less than 30 knots or when an approach is active Non Bearing Traffic Advisory TA Banner Traffic is only displayed graphically if aircraft heading data is available When heading is not available Traffic Advisori...

Page 186: ...roximity advisories are displayed on the Map Page proximity advisories are not applicable to TIS configuration TA only Only traffic advisories are displayed on the Map Page TRAFC SMBL Allows the user to select the map range at which the traffic symbol s and TA text appear TRAFC LBL Allows the user to select at what map range the altitude trend arrow and altitude deviation indicator appear Figure 1...

Page 187: ...ng TIS Traffic Using Map Page Panning Another Map Page feature is panning which allows the pilot to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map scale Press the small right knob to select the panning function a target pointer flashes on the map display A window appears at the top of the map display showing the latitude longitude position of the pointer plus the bearing and dist...

Page 188: ... mode from the standby mode to display TIS traffic 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor and highlight STBY 2 Turn the small right knob to select OPER 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm Placing the display into standby mode from operating mode to stop displaying TIS traffic 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor and highlight OPER 2 Turn the small right knob to select STBY 3...

Page 189: ...at the intruder is outside of the current range of the Traffic Page Proximity Advisory PA Proximity Advisories PA are displayed as solid white may be configured as cyan diamonds PAs are defined as traffic within the 6 0 nm range within 1200 ft of altitude separation and are not a traffic advisory TA Other Traffic Symbol The hollow white may be configured as cyan diamond represents traffic detected...

Page 190: ...vity Level Intruder Altitude Available TA Alerting Conditions A Yes Intruder closing rate provides less than 20 seconds of vertical and horizontal separation Or Intruder range is within 0 2 nm and vertical separation is within 600 feet A No Intruder closing rate is less than 15 seconds B Yes Intruder closing rate provides less than 30 seconds of vertical and horizontal separation Or Intruder range...

Page 191: ...quat switch the Standby Screen is displayed Figure 10 21 If the GTS 8XX fails the power up test as indicated by a FAILED screen the GTS 8XX is inoperable see the GTS 8XX Installation Manual for detailed information on Failure Response NOTE The FAILED message is displayed when the system detects an error that prohibits further traffic display operation NOTE When the system is in standby the GTS 8XX...

Page 192: ...hlight OPER 2 Turn the small right knob to select STBY 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm and place the GTS 8XX in standby mode NOTE The GTS 8XX goes into standby mode 24 seconds after landing which is determined by ground speed or by a transition of the aircraft squat switch if connected This delay allows the GTS 8XX to remain out of standby during a touch and go maneuver Traffic Page Traffic can be ...

Page 193: ...lay Mode 1 From the Traffic Page press the small right knob to activate the cursor and highlight the current mode Figure 10 25 2 Turn the small right knob to cycle through the options The screen changes to display the traffic detected within the selected altitude display range Refer to Figure 10 24 for information regarding altitude display ranges Figure 10 24 Altitude Display Modes 2 700 ft Drawi...

Page 194: ...active Display Range Traffic Banner Figure 10 27 Traffic Banner Configuring Traffic Data on the Map Page Traffic is only displayed on the Map Page if aircraft heading data is available The Traffic Mode setting allows the operator to choose which traffic type is displayed all traffic traffic and proximity advisories or traffic advisories only The Traffic Symbol and Traffic Label settings determine ...

Page 195: ...age function is panning which allows changing the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map scale Select the panning function by pressing the small right knob a target pointer flashes on the map display Figure 10 30 Also a window appears at the top of the map display showing the latitude longitude position of the pointer and the bearing and distance to the pointer from the present po...

Page 196: ...RAD and METAR data is collected by the National Weather Service and disseminated to Meteorlogix a weather information provider This data is then delivered to a weather server in the Echo Flight Message System With the weather data on the system an incoming customer request is filled logged and turned around for delivery to ORBCOMM in less than five seconds ORBCOMM is a provider of global messaging...

Page 197: ...enna points directly at the sun Military aircraft deploy metallic dust chaff which can cause alterations in radar scans Interference from buildings or mountains which may cause shadows NEXRAD Limitations CAUTION NEXRAD weather data is to be used for long range planning purposes only Due to inherent delays and relative age of the data that can be experienced NEXRAD weather data cannot be used for s...

Page 198: ...hour Source of NEXRAD Echo GDL 49 GDL 69 Atmos Cloud Rain Snow Sleet Hail 10 00 00 10 00 00 5 00 trace 0 00 trace 05 Very Light GREEN 5 00 trace 10 Light GREEN 10 0 trace 10 Light Light 15 01 1 2 Light Light 20 02 2 3 Light Light 25 05 3 5 Light Light Medium YELLOW YELLOW 30 09 5 7 Light Moderate Moderate 35 24 7 1 0 Moderate Heavy 40 48 1 or sleet Heavy Heavy RED RED 45 1 25 1 or sleet Heavy Heav...

Page 199: ...AD data from a specific waypoint identifier If From ID is selected as the reference point for the request the WPT field is displayed in place of Position The WPT field is used to enter a waypoint identifier as the reference point for the request From Lat Lon Request NEXRAD data from a specific latitude and longitude This is only selectable when requesting from the map The Position field displays t...

Page 200: ... on the NEXRAD Request Page 5 Select Manual Send or Update Request and press the ENT Key The request has been sent Note that selecting Auto Request and pressing the ENT Key does not send the request until after the auto time period 6 To exit from the NEXRAD Request Page press the small right knob The Data Link Page is displayed Requesting NEXRAD data from the Map Page 1 Select the Map Page 2 Press...

Page 201: ... Weather Page The pilot can customize the NEXRAD data on the Weather Page from the Page Options Menu Customizing the NEXRAD data on the Weather Page 1 From the Weather Page press the MENU Key to display the NAV Weather Page Options Menu 2 Select from the following options to customize the NEXRAD data View 120 View 360 There are two viewing options available each shown relative to the position of t...

Page 202: ...Map Page 5 Highlight the NEXRAD Density field use the small right knob to set the density desired i e the transparency see Table 10 7 of the NEXRAD cells The density values are LOW MED HIGH Press the ENT Key to make the selection then press the CLR Key to go back to the Map Page Precipitation Intensity Map Configuration Pattern Color Light Precipitation Low sparse dotted area fill Green Light Prec...

Page 203: ...ing the Airport Location Page Use the small and large right knobs to select the Airport Location Page from the WPT Group of pages On the Map Page move the target pointer to highlight an on screen airport Press the ENT Key On any page that displays an airport identifier use the cursor and highlight the desired airport identifier Press the ENT Key Once the Airport Location Page is displayed enter th...

Page 204: ...ed Figure 10 39 Figure 10 39 Data Link Request Log Page Sending Position Reports GDL 49 Only The Data Link allows for accurate location tracking of the aircraft by sending the aircraft s position manually or automatically to the EchoFlight website www EchoFlight com for use by third party EchoFlight customers Sending the Present Position 1 Select the Data Link Page see preceding step 1 2 Highlight...

Page 205: ...nd This field is used to send out a current single position report Figure 10 41 Figure 10 41 Position Report Page Requesting Graphical METARs Graphical METAR data can be requested from the Data Link Page Map Page or Airport Page Requesting graphical METARs from the Data Link Page 1 Select the Data Link Page from the AUX Page Group 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor Turn the small ...

Page 206: ...se as the reference point for the request Radius Graphical requests only This field selects a request radius from 50 to 250 nm from the selected position Position also WPT or Flight Plan Current Posn Position is current Look Ahead Position is look ahead position From ID Position is from the ID entered into the WPT field Flight Plan is the ID selected from the active flight plan Auto Request GDL 49...

Page 207: ...nt Note that selecting Auto Request and pressing the ENT Key does not send the request until after the auto time period 6 To exit from the METAR Request Page press the small right knob The Map Page is displayed Displaying graphical METARs on the NAV Weather Page Once received graphical METAR data is displayed on the NAV Weather Page Displaying graphical METARs on the NAV Weather Page 1 Select the ...

Page 208: ...layed Figure 10 45 for the type of data that was selected Use the small right knob and scroll through the various descriptions for the symbols that are shown Press the small right knob to return to the Weather Page Figure 10 45 Weather Legend Page for METAR Data The following symbology is shown for the various types of data For METAR Data Age of Data in Minutes Ceiling Visibility and Precipitation...

Page 209: ...field flashes 3 Turn the small right knob and select TEMP DP 4 Press the small right knob The Temperature Dewpoints are displayed on the NAV Weather Page NOTE See a complete description of all METAR Wind and Temp Dewpoint symbols at the end of this section Troubleshooting Although it is the responsibility of the facility that installed the GDL 49 or GDL 69 69A to correct any hardware problems the ...

Page 210: ...SAT ID CONNECTIVITY FIELD MESSAGE DESCRIPTION _ _ _ RS 232 communication with the GDL 49 has been lost Data Link has failed There is a disconnect inside the GDL 49 Linked to sat Can exchange data with the satellite Satellite in view Found satellite but have not yet identified it Searching No satellite is currently in view Table 10 8 Sat ID Connectivity Field SATCOM Operation This field indicates t...

Page 211: ...or 2 good and 3 excellent XM GDL 69 69A not yet communicating with internal satellite radio hardware normal during power up X0 X1 X2 or X3 X Satellite radio service activated Satellite signal quality is indicated by the numbers 0 1 2 or 3 where 0 none 1 poor 2 good and 3 excellent Table 10 10 Sat ID Field CONNECTIVITY FIELD MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Satellite in view Indicates a signal quality between 1...

Page 212: ...ation xxxx are numbers PRESFR Pressure falling rapidly PRESRR Pressure rising rapidly RA Rain RMK Remarks SCT Scattered clouds SLP Sea Level Pressure SM Statue Miles SN Snow TEMPO Occasionally Trrn Terrain TS Thunderstorm VV Vertical Visibility Table 10 12 Forecast Abbreviations METAR Graphics The age symbols listed in Table 10 13 are common to METARs Winds and Temperature Dewpoint graphics METAR ...

Page 213: ...bility Station Identifier Data Age Figure 10 48 METAR Symbol Winds Wind Vector The wind vector indicates the direction of the surface wind to the nearest 30 increment e g 30 60 90 120 etc Wind Speed In general the sum of the wind barbs see Table 10 16 is the sustained surface wind speed Wind Speed Blank Unknown Short Barb 5 kts Long Barb 10 kts 37 kts Table 10 16 Wind Speed Graphics Gust Offset Bl...

Page 214: ...tion of 300 at a speed of 25 knots gusting to 36 knots or greater The data age is 11 20 minutes old Gust Offset Wind Speed Wind Vector Data Age Figure 10 49 Wind Symbol Temperature Dewpoints The Temperature Dewpoint Range symbols Table 10 18 display the difference between the reported temperature and dewpoint Differences are shown in degrees Fahrenheit Temp Dewpoint Display Ranges Blank Unknown 11...

Page 215: ...e exclusion function excludes one or more failed satellites and prevents them from being used during navigation This allows the GPS receiver to return to normal performance without interruption The process is entirely automated and does not require pilot interaction during flight On the Satellite Status Page the pilot can view information related to FDE operation To enhance safety FDE functionalit...

Page 216: ...tandard Termi nal Arrival Routes STARs if a NOTAM indicates a GPS satellite or satellites is scheduled to be out of service per FAA AC 90 100 U S Terminal and En Route Area Navigation RNAV Operations Prior to departure the operator must use the FDE Prediction Program supplied with the 400 series Trainer Software Figure 11 2 to demonstrate that there are no outages in the capability to navigate on ...

Page 217: ...eferenced to True North The GPS 400 has not detected a NavData Card in the left data card slot Altitude input failure The GPS 400 is configured to receive altitude serializer data Icarus Rosetta or Shadin and it is not being received Or the data was being received but has been interrupted If a grey code altitude input is available it is used instead If the problem persists contact a Garmin dealer ...

Page 218: ...ing temperature The backlighting has been automatically dimmed to reduce the temperature Check for adequate ventilation or check cooling air flow Contact a Garmin dealer for assistance Data card failure The GPS 400 has detected a problem with the NavData Card The data is not usable and the card should be returned to Jeppesen or to a Garmin dealer Data transfer cancelled crossfill is busy An attemp...

Page 219: ...so appears when an approach has been deleted from a stored flight plan because an approach could not be found These conditions may occur upon power up when a database change increases the number of waypoints in or removes an approach from an instrument procedure FPL is full remove unnecessary waypoints An attempt has been made to add more than 31 waypoints to a flight plan FPL The GPS 400 does not...

Page 220: ...s detected a failure in the main system processor The GPS 400 is not usable and should be taken to a Garmin dealer for service Memory battery low The internal battery that sustains user memory is low and should be replaced by a Garmin dealer as soon as possible Failure to do so may result in loss of stored data including flight plans user waypoints unit settings and satellite data Near airspace le...

Page 221: ... re initialize The GPS 400 cannot calculate a position due to abnormal satellite conditions The unit is unusable until power has been cycled off and back on Abnormal satellite conditions may exist an alternate means of navigation may be needed RAIM is not available Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring RAIM has determined that sufficient GPS satellite coverage does not exist for the current pha...

Page 222: ...ete list of TERRAIN related Alerts and Annunciations Terrain configuration conflict The hardware configuration does not match the terrain software configuration The operational status of the terrain components is unknown and the unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer for service Terrain configuration has changed The software has detected a change in the terrain configuration Terrain has failed...

Page 223: ...190 00140 60 Rev H SECTION 12 MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS NAV TERMS 12 7 Message Description Waypoint memory is full All 1000 user waypoint locations in the GPS 400 s memory have been used Delete unwanted waypoints to make room for new entries ...

Page 224: ...rse Deviation Indicator CLR Clear COM Communications Transceiver CRSR Cursor CTA ICAO Control Area CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency CTR Center ARTCC CTS Course To Steer CUM Cumulative DB Database DEN Density DEP Departure DIS Distance DME Distance Measuring Equipment DOP Dilution of Precision DTK Desired Track EFF Efficiency ELEV Elevation ENDUR Endurance ENR Enroute ENT Enter EPE Estimated ...

Page 225: ... kph Kilometers Per Hour kt Knots LAT LON Latitude Longitude lb Pounds LCL Local LFOB Left over Fuel On Board LOC Localizer LRES Left over Fuel Reserve Time Lrg Large lt Liters M Degrees Magnetic m Meters mb Millibars of Pressure Med Medium MHz Megahertz mi Statute Miles MOA Military Operations Area mph Statute Miles Per Hour mpm Meters Per Minute mps Meters Per Second MSA Minimum Safe Altitude MS...

Page 226: ...rival Route SUA Special Use Airspace T Degree True TACAN Tactical Air Navigation TAS True Airspeed TAT Total Air Temperature TEMP Temperature TERM Terminal TKE Track Angle Error TMA ICAO Terminal Control Area TRANS Transition TRFC Traffic TRK Track also Ground Track TRSA Terminal Radar Service Area twr Tower TX Transmit uni Unicom UTC Coordinated Universal Time also GMT or Zulu VAR Variation VER V...

Page 227: ...present position to a destination waypoint CAS calibrated airspeed Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors CTS course to steer The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course Provides the most efficient heading to get back to the desired course and proceed along the flight plan CUM cumulative The total of all legs in a flight plan cumulative distance...

Page 228: ... indicated altitude LFOB left over fuel onboard The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a flight plan or a direct to LRES left over fuel reserve The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a flight plan or a direct to expressed in time and based upon a known fuel consumption flow rate MSA minimum safe altitude Uses...

Page 229: ...nitializes Pressing the ENT Key will manually re initialize the unit GNC 420 Figure A 1 Data Card Slot Locations Terrain Data Card Slot right hand slot NavData Card Slot left hand slot NOTE There are two data card slots on the face of the GPS 400 Figure A 1 The Jeppesen NavData Card should be inserted in the left hand slot The right hand slot is provided for the Terrain Data Card To insert the Nav...

Page 230: ...d motion at the front center of the data card This partially deploys the swing arm handle 2 Rotate the swing arm handle upward and outward until it locks into place perpendicular to the face of the GPS 400 unit 3 Grasp the top and bottom surfaces of the swing arm handle between your thumb and forefinger and pull directly away from the face of the GPS 400 unit to remove the data card ...

Page 231: ...F to 131 F Humidity 95 non condensing Altitude 1 500 ft to 50 000 ft 457 m to 15 240 m GPS PERFORMANCE Receiver 12 parallel channel PhaseTrac12 Acquisition Time 12 seconds warm 45 seconds cold Update Rate Once per second continuous Accuracy Position 15 meters 49 ft RMS Velocity 0 1 knot RMS steady state Dynamics 999 kts maximum velocity 6g maximum acceleration INTERFACES ARINC 429 Aviation RS 232 ...

Page 232: ...GPS 400 Pilot s Guide and Reference 190 00140 60 Rev H APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS B 2 Blank Page ...

Page 233: ...pproaches During oceanic enroute and terminal phases of flight RAIM is available nearly 100 of the time Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches there may be times when RAIM is not available The automatically monitors RAIM and warns the pilot with an alert message Section 12 when it is not available and the INTEG annunciator appears at the bottom left corner of the screen If RAIM is n...

Page 234: ...ocedure has not been modified If an approach departure or arrival procedure is no longer available the flight plan becomes locked until the procedure is deleted from the flight plan or the correct database is installed For information on loading an approach departure or arrival see Section 5 1 See Section 4 1 for instructions on saving and copying flight plans Can I file slant Golf G using my GPS ...

Page 235: ... crossed the active waypoint provided the active waypoint is not the last waypoint Refer to Section 5 2 for an example using the OBS Key One application for the OBS Key is holding patterns The OBS Key is used to suspend waypoint sequencing and select the desired course along the waypoint side of the hold For many approach operations setting and resetting of waypoint sequencing is automatic Holding...

Page 236: ...quencing is enabled i e no OBS or SUSP annunciation directly above the OBS Key For automatic sequencing to occur the aircraft must also cross the bisector of the turn being navigated The bisector is a perpendicular line between two flight plan legs which crosses through the waypoint common to both legs How do I skip a waypoint in an approach departure or arrival The GPS 400 allows the pilot to man...

Page 237: ...he midpoint of the turn For more information on waypoint alerts and turn advisories see Sections 5 2 and 5 3 When does the CDI scale change and what does it change to If Auto mode is selected for the CDI setting when leaving the departure airport the CDI scale is set to 1 0 nm and gradually ramps up to 5 nm beyond 30 nm from the departure airport Also in Auto mode the GPS 400 begins a smooth CDI s...

Page 238: ...en press the ENT Key twice How do I re select the same approach or activate a new approach after a missed approach After flying all missed approach procedures the pilot may reactivate the same approach for another attempt from the Procedures Page Once given clearance for another attempt activate the approach from the Procedures Page by highlighting ActivateApproach andpressingtheENTKey The GPS 400...

Page 239: ...3 2 7 2 13 2 14 2 21 2 22 4 10 4 14 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 12 8 12 11 C CDI Scale 2 2 5 11 5 15 5 19 8 20 8 21 8 23 8 24 C 5 C 6 Ceiling and Visibility Graphics 10 35 Checklists 1 7 8 12 8 14 8 15 Closest point of flight plan 12 4 CLR Key 1 3 Contrast 8 28 8 29 Copying flight plans C 2 Course from fix flight plan 5 21 Creating a flight plan 5 5 Creating user waypoints 6 15 6 17 Crossfill 2 5 4 7 6 20...

Page 240: ...rack 1 10 1 11 2 3 2 20 12 12 Gust Offset Graphics 10 35 H Hold in an approach 5 9 5 23 C 3 Holding pattern 4 16 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 24 C 3 Hold waypoint 5 9 5 11 5 24 I IFR procedures 1 13 Insert the data card A 1 Instrument Panel Self Test Page 1 6 INTEG annunciator C 1 Intersections 1 10 1 14 6 1 7 1 7 2 7 5 Intersection Page 6 13 Inverting flight plans 4 4 IOI imminent obstacle impact 9 5 ITI...

Page 241: ...2 5 13 5 17 5 20 5 22 5 23 5 26 12 1 12 5 12 6 C 2 C 6 Odometer 8 17 Overzoom 2 6 P Packing list 1 1 Page groups 1 3 2 1 7 1 8 1 PDA premature descent alert 9 5 Pointer panning 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 13 3 5 6 17 Position format 1 5 8 22 8 25 Position Page 2 20 2 21 2 22 12 1 12 4 Power on 1 3 1 5 Precipitation Graphics 10 34 Procedures Page 1 13 5 1 5 4 5 18 6 11 6 13 C 6 Procedure turn 4 16 5 4 5 7 PROC K...

Page 242: ...c Advisory 10 4 Traffic coasting 10 6 Traffic Page 10 5 Traffic Warning Window 10 7 Transitions 4 12 4 13 5 1 5 5 5 10 5 18 6 8 6 10 6 12 12 3 C 5 Trip planning 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 6 Trip statistics 8 12 8 17 Turn advisories C 5 Turn anticipation 12 6 C 5 U Units of measure 1 5 8 20 8 21 8 24 8 25 User Waypoint List 6 20 6 21 6 22 User Waypoint Page 6 15 6 21 7 7 Utility Page 8 12 8 14 8 15 8 17 8 18 8 ...

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