Fiori D 70 SL, Use And Maintenance Manual

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46 SEBU8325-01
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
Note: The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed
wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per
“ISO 12156-1”. Refer to “Lubricity”.
Group 2: Aviation Kerosene Fuels
Following kerosene and jet fuel specifications are
acceptable alternative fuels and may be used on a
contingency bases for emergency or continuous use,
where standard diesel fuel is not available and where
legislation allows their use:
“MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F34 (JP-8)”
“MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F35”
“MIL-DTL-5624 NATO F44 (JP-5)”
“MIL-DTL-38219 (USAF) (JP7)”
“NATO XF63”
“ASTM D1655 JET A”
“ASTM D1655 JET A1”
NOTICE
These fuels are only acceptable when used with ap-
propriate lubricity additive and must meet minimum
requirements that are listed in table 16. The lubricity
of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of
0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per “ISO 12156-1”. Refer
to “Lubricity”.
Note: Minimum cetane number of 40 is recommended
otherwise cold starting problems or light load misfire
might occur. Since jet fuel specifications do not
mention cetane requirements, Perkins recommends
that a fuel sample is taken to determine the cetane
number.
Note: Fuels must have minimum viscosity of 1.4
cSt delivered to the fuel injection pump. Cooling
of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or
greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Perkins
recommends that the actual viscosity of the fuel be
measured in order to determine if a fuel cooler is
needed. Refer to “Viscosity”.
Note: Rated power loss of up to 10 percent is
possible due to lower density and lower viscosity of
jet fuels compared to diesel fuels.
Biodiesel Fuel
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
made from various feedstock. The most commonly
available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester
(REM). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed
oil. Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common
biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is
derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil
are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together
known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for
use as a fuel in any concentration in compression
engines. Without esterification, these oils gel in the
crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may not be
compatible with many of the elastomers that are used
in engines that are manufactured today. In original
forms, these oils are not suitable for use as a fuel
in compression engines. Alternate base stocks for
biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste cooking
oils, or various other feedstocks. In order to use any
of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil must
be esterified.
Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is generally referred
to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel.
Biodiesel can be blended with distillate diesel fuel.
The blends can be used as fuel. The most commonly
available biodiesel blends are B5, which is 5 percent
biodiesel and 95 percent distillate diesel fuel. B20,
which is 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent distillate
diesel fuel.
Note: The percentages given are volume-based.
The U.S. distillate diesel fuel specification “ASTM
D975-09a” includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel.
European distillate diesel fuel specification
“EN590:2010” includes up B7 (7 percent) biodiesel.
Note: Engines that are manufactured by Perkins
are certified by use of the prescribed Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and European Certification
fuels. Perkins does not certify engines on any other
fuel. The user of the engine has the responsibility
of using the correct fuel that is recommended by
the manufacturer and allowed by the EPA and other
appropriate regulatory agencies.
Specification Requirements
The neat biodiesel must conform to “EN14214”
or “ASTM D6751” (in the USA) and can only be
blended in mixture of up to 20 percent by volume in
acceptable mineral diesel fuel meeting requirements
that are listed in table 16 or the latest edition of
“EN590” and “ASTM D 975” commercial standards.
This blend is commonly known as B20.