Fiori D 70 SL, Use And Maintenance Manual

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SEBU8325-01 35
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
Some commercial oils that meet the API
classifications may require reduced oil change
intervals. To determine the oil change interval, closely
monitor the condition of the oil and perform a wear
metal analysis.
NOTICE
Failure to follow these oil recommendations can cause
shortened engine service life due to deposits and/or
excessive wear.
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur
Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel
Engines
The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on
the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that
use distillate fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil
must be ten times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is
defined by “ASTM D2896”. The minimum TBN of the
oil is 5 regardless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 18
demonstrates the TBN.
g00799818
Illustration 18
(Y) TBN by “ASTM D2896”
(X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight
(1) TBN of new oil
(2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of
the original TBN.
Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that
exceed 1.5 percent:
• Choose an oil with the highest TBN that meets one
of these classifications: EMA DHD-1 and API CH-4.
• Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil
change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the
oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a
wear metal analysis.
Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil
with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss
of control of the oil consumption and to the polishing
of the cylinder bore.
NOTICE
Operating Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines with fuel
sulphur levels over 0.5 percent will require shortened
oil change intervals in order to help maintain adequate
wear protection.
Table 5
Percentage of Sulfur in
the fuel Oil change interval
Lower than 0.5 Normal
0.5 to 1.0 0.75 of normal
Greater than 1.0 0.50 of normal
Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
The correct SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined
by the minimum ambient temperature during
cold engine start-up, and the maximum ambient
temperature during engine operation.
Refer to Table 6 (minimum temperature) in order to
determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold
engine.
Refer to Table 6 (maximum temperature) in order to
select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the
highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.
Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is
available to meet the requirement for the temperature
at start-up.
Table 6
Engine Oil Viscosity
Ambient Temperature EMA LRG-1
API CH-4
Viscosity Grade
Minimum Maximum
SAE 0W20
−
40 °C (
−
40 °F) 10 °C (50 °F)
SAE 0W30
−
40 °C (
−
40 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)
SAE 0W40
−
40 °C (
−
40 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
SAE 5W30
−
30 °C (
−
22 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)
SAE 5W40
−
30 °C (
−
22 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
SAE 10W30
−
20 °C (
−
4 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
SAE 15W40
−
10 °C (14 °F) 50 °C (122 °F)
Synthetic Base Stock Oils
Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in
these engines if these oils meet the performance
requirements that are specified for the engine.