2.
Total dissolved solids (TDS) and conductivity
The conductivity is expressed in μS/cm, the TDS in ppm.
Both parameters are related with each other. The conductivity is convenient for quick monitoring of
general water quality, but the TDS is required for calculating the RSI. If only one of both parameters
is measured, an estimation can be obtained by using a theoretical conversion factor (0.67):
TDS = conductivity x 0.67
3.
Hardness
Different types of hardness are in relation with each other and together with the pH and the alkalinity
of the water they determine the equilibrium situation of the water, determined and specified by the
RSI.
In addition, the calcium hardness must be limited to:
Ca (ppm Ca CO
3
)
Type of cooling system
Standard
Energy recovery
Single pass
< 500
< 2
Recirculating (with tower)
< 500
not applicable
Closed loop
< 1000
< 50
4.
The Ryznar Stability Index (RSI)
The Ryznar Stability Index is a parameter for predicting whether water will tend to dissolve or
precipitate calcium carbonate. The adhesion of scaling depositions and their effect are different on
different materials, but the equilibrium of the water (scaling or corrosive) is only determined by its
actual pH value and by the saturation pH value (pH
s
). The saturation pH value is determined by the
relationship between the calcium hardness, the total alkalinity, the total solids concentration and the
temperature.
The Ryznar Stability Index is calculated as follows:
RSI = 2*pH
s
- pH,
in which
• pH = measured pH (at room temp) of the water sample
• pH
s
= pH at saturation
pH
s
is calculated from:
pH
s
= (9.3 + A + B) - (C + D),
in which
• A : depends on the total solids concentration
• B : depends on the water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger
• C : depends on the calcium hardness (CaCO
3
)
• D : depends on the HCO
3
-
concentration or M-alkalinity
The values of A, B, C and D can be found in below table:
Total
dissolved
solids
(mg/l)
A
Temperature
(°C)
B
Ca hardness
(ppm CaCO
3
)
C
M-
Alkalinity
(ppm
CaCO
3
)
D
< 30
0.1
0 - 1
2.3
9 - 11
0.6
10 - 11
1.0
30 - 320
0.2
2 - 6
2.2
12 - 14
0.7
12 - 14
1.1
> 320
0.3
7 - 11
2.1
15 - 17
0.8
15 - 17
1.2
12 - 16
2.0
18 - 22
0.9
18 - 22
1.3
17 - 22
1.9
23 - 28
1.0
23 - 28
1.4
23 - 27
1.8
29 - 35
1.1
29 - 35
1.5
Instruction book
2920 7180 30
127
Summary of Contents for GA 30+
Page 1: ...Atlas Copco Oil injected rotary screw compressors GA 30 GA 37 GA 45 Instruction book ...
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Page 16: ...Service side view GA 30 up to GA 45 Pack Instruction book 14 2920 7180 30 ...
Page 17: ...Motor side view GA 30 up to GA 45 Full Feature Instruction book 2920 7180 30 15 ...
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