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Summary of Contents for HP 8753D

Page 1: ...ser s Guide HP 8753D Network Analyzer ABCDE HP Part No 08753 90257 Supersedes October 1997 Printed in USA December 1997 Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www atecorp com 800 404 ATEC 2832 Established 1981 ...

Page 2: ...articular purpose Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material c Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1994 1995 1997 All Rights Reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws 1400 ...

Page 3: ...er Buyer shall pay all shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to Hewlett Packard from another country Hewlett Packard warrants that its software and rmware designated by Hewlett Packard for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument Hewlett Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or ...

Page 4: ...using a damp cloth only Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett Packard products For any assistance contact your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service O ce iv ...

Page 5: ...8950 Japan tel 81 426 56 7832 fax 81 426 56 7840 Australia tel 1 800 629 485 fax 61 3 9210 5947 Asia Call Center Numbers Country Phone Number Fax Number Singapore 1 800 375 8100 65 836 0252 Malaysia 1 800 828 848 1 800 801664 Philippines 632 8426802 1 800 16510170 PLDT Subscriber Only 632 8426809 1 800 16510288 PLDT Subscriber Only Thailand 088 226 008 outside Bangkok 662 661 3999 within Bangkok 6...

Page 6: ...attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or loss of life Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Instrument Markings LThe instruction documentation symbol The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the documentation CE The CE m...

Page 7: ...oval of parts is likely to expose dangerous voltages Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is being opened Warning The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live for 10 seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply Warning For continued protection against re hazard replace line fuse only with same type and rating F 3A 250V The use of othe...

Page 8: ...information about many applications and analyzer operation Chapter 7 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties de nes the performance capabilities of the analyzer Chapter 8 Menu Maps shows softkey menu relationships Chapter 9 Key De nitions describes all the front panel keys softkeys and their corresponding HP IB commands Chapter 10 Error Messages provides information for interpreting error mess...

Page 9: ...r s Guide shows how to make measurements explains commonly used features and tells you how to get the most performance from your analyzer The Quick Reference Guide provides a summary of selected user features The Programmer s Guide provides programming information including an HP IB programming and command reference as well as programming examples The System Veri cation and Test Guide provides the...

Page 10: ...x ...

Page 11: ...n Agreement 22C 1 13 Return to HP Calibration 22G 1 13 Changes between the HP 8753 Network Analyzers 1 14 2 Making Measurements Where to Look for More Information 2 1 Principles of Microwave Connector Care 2 2 Basic Measurement Sequence and Example 2 3 Basic Measurement Sequence 2 3 Basic Measurement Example 2 3 Step 1 Connect the device under test and any required test equipment 2 3 Step 2 Choose...

Page 12: ...or a Target Amplitude 2 24 Searching for a Bandwidth 2 25 Tracking the Amplitude that You are Searching 2 25 To Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement Data 2 26 Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase Response 2 27 Measuring the Magnitude Response 2 27 Measuring Insertion Phase Response 2 28 Measuring Electrical Length and Phase Distortion 2 30 Measuring Electrical Length 2 30 Measuring Phase...

Page 13: ...Domain 2 68 Re ection Response in Time Domain 2 73 Non coaxial Measurements 2 76 3 Making Mixer Measurements Where to Look for More Information 3 1 Measurement Considerations 3 2 Minimizing Source and Load Mismatches 3 2 Reducing the E ect of Spurious Responses 3 2 Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage Signals 3 2 How RF and IF Are De ned 3 2 Frequency O set Mode Operation 3 4 Di erences Between...

Page 14: ...reelance 4 22 Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a Plotter 4 22 Outputting Plot Files from a PC to an HPGL Compatible Printer 4 23 Step 1 Store the HPGL initialization sequence 4 23 Step 2 Store the exit HPGL mode and form feed sequence 4 24 Step 3 Send the HPGL initialization sequence to the printer 4 24 Step 4 Send the plot le to the printer 4 24 Step 5 Send the exit HPGL mode and form feed sequ...

Page 15: ... 5 6 When to Use Interpolated Error Correction 5 6 Procedures for Error Correcting Your Measurements 5 7 Frequency Response Error Corrections 5 8 Response Error Correction for Re ection Measurements 5 8 Response Error Correction for Transmission Measurements 5 10 Receiver Calibration 5 11 Frequency Response and Isolation Error Corrections 5 13 Response and Isolation Error Correction for Re ection ...

Page 16: ...p Type 5 53 To View a Single Measurement Channel 5 53 To Activate Chop Sweep Mode 5 54 To Use External Calibration 5 54 To Use Fast 2 Port Calibration 5 54 Increasing Dynamic Range 5 56 To Increase the Test Port Input Power 5 56 To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor 5 56 Changing System Bandwidth 5 56 Changing Measurement Averaging 5 56 Reducing Trace Noise 5 57 To Activate Averaging 5 57 To Change S...

Page 17: ...timulus Menu 6 12 The Power Menu 6 13 Understanding the Power Ranges 6 13 Automatic mode 6 13 Manual mode 6 13 Power Coupling Options 6 15 Channel coupling 6 15 Test port coupling 6 15 Sweep Time 6 16 Manual Sweep Time Mode 6 16 Auto Sweep Time Mode 6 16 Minimum Sweep Time 6 16 Trigger Menu 6 18 Source Attenuator Switch Protection 6 19 Allowing Repetitive Switching of the Attenuator 6 19 Channel S...

Page 18: ...lay Intensity 6 41 Setting Default Colors 6 42 Blanking the Display 6 42 Saving Modi ed Colors 6 42 Recalling Modi ed Colors 6 42 The Modify Colors Menu 6 42 Averaging Menu 6 44 Averaging 6 44 Smoothing 6 45 IF Bandwidth Reduction 6 45 Markers 6 47 Marker Menu 6 48 Delta Mode Menu 6 48 Fixed Marker Menu 6 48 Marker Function Menu 6 49 Marker Search Menu 6 49 Target Menu 6 49 Marker Mode Menu 6 49 P...

Page 19: ...dify Calibration Kit Menu 6 77 De ne Standard Menus 6 78 Specify O set Menu 6 80 Label Standard Menu 6 81 Specify Class Menu 6 81 Label Class Menu 6 83 Label Kit Menu 6 83 Verify performance 6 84 TRL LRM Calibration 6 85 Why Use TRL Calibration 6 85 TRL Terminology 6 85 How TRL LRM Calibration Works 6 86 TRL Error Model 6 86 Isolation 6 87 Source match and load match 6 88 Improving Raw Source Matc...

Page 20: ... Limits Menu 6 108 Knowing the Instrument Modes 6 109 Network Analyzer Mode 6 109 External Source Mode 6 109 Primary Applications 6 109 Typical Test Setup 6 110 External Source Mode In Depth Description 6 110 External Source Auto 6 110 External Source Manual 6 110 CW Frequency Range in External Source Mode 6 111 Compatible Sweep Types 6 111 External Source Requirements 6 111 Capture Range 6 111 Lo...

Page 21: ...s 6 123 Fault Location Measurements Using Low Pass 6 123 Transmission Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass 6 125 Measuring small signal transient response using low pass step 6 125 Interpreting the low pass step transmission response horizontal axis 6 126 Interpreting the low pass step transmission response vertical axis 6 126 Measuring separate transmission paths through the test device using low...

Page 22: ...ntering Sequences Using HP IB 6 144 Reading Sequences Using HP IB 6 144 Ampli er Testing 6 145 Ampli er parameters 6 145 Gain Compression 6 146 Metering the power level 6 148 Mixer Testing 6 149 Frequency O set 6 149 Tuned Receiver 6 149 Mixer Parameters That You Can Measure 6 150 Accuracy Considerations 6 150 Attenuation at Mixer Ports 6 151 Filtering 6 152 Frequency Selection 6 153 LO Frequency ...

Page 23: ...ssion Measurement Uncertainties 7 15 Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 16 Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 18 Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 19 Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 21 Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 22 Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 24 Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 25 Instrument Speci cations 7 26 HP 8753D Network Analyzer General Cha...

Page 24: ... mm Veri cation Kit 11 2 Test Port Return Cables 11 2 HP 11857D 7 mm Test Port Return Cable Set 11 2 HP 11857B 75 Ohm Type N Test Port Return Cable Set 11 2 Adapter Kits 11 2 HP 11852B 50 to 75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad 11 2 Transistor Test Fixtures 11 3 HP 11600B and 11602B Transistor Fixtures 11 3 HP 11608A Option 003 Transistor Fixture 11 3 HP 11858A Transistor Fixture Adapter 11 3 System Accessorie...

Page 25: ... Setting HP IB Addresses 11 20 Analyzer Command Syntax 11 21 Code Naming Convention 11 21 Valid Characters 11 22 Units 11 23 HP IB Debug Mode 11 23 12 Preset State and Memory Allocation Where to Look for More Information 12 1 Types of Memory and Data Storage 12 1 Volatile Memory 12 1 Non Volatile Memory 12 2 Storing Data to Disk 12 4 Conserving Memory 12 5 Using Saved Calibration Sets 12 5 Preset ...

Page 26: ...The CITI le Keyword Reference A 7 Index Contents 16 ...

Page 27: ...Delay Using a Marker 2 21 2 19 Example of Searching for the Maximum Amplitude Using a Marker 2 22 2 20 Example of Searching for the Minimum Amplitude Using a Marker 2 23 2 21 Example of Searching for a Target Amplitude Using a Marker 2 24 2 22 Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using Markers 2 25 2 23 Example Statistics of Measurement Data 2 26 2 24 Device Connections for Measuring a Magnitude R...

Page 28: ...ersion Loss Measurement 3 15 3 13 Example of Swept IF Conversion Loss Measurement 3 16 3 14 Connections for a Response Calibration 3 18 3 15 Connections for a Conversion Loss Using the Tuned Receiver Mode 3 22 3 16 Example Fixed IF Mixer Measurement 3 23 3 17 Connections for a Group Delay Measurement 3 25 3 18 Group Delay Measurement Example 3 26 3 19 Conversion Loss and Output Power as a Function...

Page 29: ... the Network Analyzer System 6 2 6 2 Data Processing Flow Diagram 6 4 6 3 Active Channel Keys 6 8 6 4 Entry Block 6 9 6 5 Stimulus Function Block 6 11 6 6 Power Range Transitions in the Automatic Mode 6 14 6 7 Response Function Block 6 25 6 8 S Parameters of a Two Port Device 6 26 6 9 Re ection Impedance and Admittance Conversions 6 28 6 10 Transmission Impedance and Admittance Conversions 6 28 6 ...

Page 30: ...me Domain Re ection Responses 6 118 6 62 A Re ection Measurement of Two Cables 6 120 6 63 Transmission Measurement in Time Domain Bandpass Mode 6 121 6 64 Time Domain Low Pass Measurements of an Unterminated Cable 6 123 6 65 Simulated Low Pass Step and Impulse Response Waveforms Real Format 6 124 6 66 Low Pass Step Measurements of Common Cable Faults Real Format 6 125 6 67 Time Domain Low Pass Mea...

Page 31: ...al Path Filtering and Attenuation at all Mixer Ports 6 152 6 91 Examples of Up Converters and Down Converters 6 153 6 92 Down Converter Port Connections 6 154 6 93 Up Converter Port Connections 6 155 6 94 Example Spectrum of RF LO and IF Signals Present in a Conversion Loss Measurement 6 156 6 95 Main Isolation Terms 6 156 6 96 Conversion Loss and Output Power as a Function of Input Power Level 6 ...

Page 32: ... Standard Class Assignments 6 82 6 6 Characteristic Power Meter Calibration Sweep Speed and Accuracy 6 99 6 7 External Source Capture Ranges 6 111 6 8 Maximum Fundamental Frequency using Harmonic Mode 6 116 6 9 Time Domain Re ection Formats 6 121 6 10 Minimum Frequency Ranges for Time Domain Low Pass 6 122 6 11 Impulse Width Sidelobe Level and Windowing Values 6 129 6 12 Gate Characteristics 6 134...

Page 33: ...ports 7 23 9 1 Cross Reference of Key Function to Programming Command 9 48 9 2 Softkey Locations 9 70 11 1 Code Naming Convention 11 22 12 1 Memory Requirements of Calibration and Memory Trace Arrays 12 3 12 2 Su x Character De nitions 12 4 12 3 Preset Conditions 1 of 5 12 7 12 4 Power on Conditions versus Preset 12 10 12 5 Results of Power Loss to Non Volatile Memory 12 11 Contents 23 ...

Page 34: ......

Page 35: ...s located in the following areas Chapter 2 Making Measurements contains step by step procedures for making measurements or using particular functions Chapter 4 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results contains instructions for saving to disk or the analyzer internal memory and printing and plotting displayed measurements Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results describes techniques and fun...

Page 36: ...s to be programmed over the Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB Refer to Chapter 11 Compatible Peripherals or the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programming Guide A general purpose input output GPIO bus that can control eight output bits and read ve input bits through test sequencing This can be useful for interfacing to material handlers or custom test sets Performance Automatic sweep time that select...

Page 37: ...ower correction table that contains the correction values Printing Plotting and Saving Direct print or plot output of displayed measurement results with a time stamp if desired to a compatible peripheral with a serial parallel or HP IB interface Instrument states storage in internal memory for the following times or on disk inde nitely Temperature at 70 C 250 days 0 68 year characteristically Temp...

Page 38: ...ded into speci c information areas illustrated in Figure 1 2 3 Softkeys These keys provide access to menus that are shown on the display 4 STIMULUS function block The keys in this block allow you to control the analyzer source s frequency power and other stimulus functions 5 RESPONSE function block The keys in this block allow you to control the measurement and display functions of the active disp...

Page 39: ...uded in this block 9 4PRESET5 key This key returns the instrument to either a known factory preset state or a user preset state that can be de ned Refer to Chapter 12 Preset State and Memory Allocation for a complete listing of the instrument preset condition 10 PORT 1 and PORT 2 These ports output a signal from the source and receive input signals from a device under test PORT 1 allows you to mea...

Page 40: ...vailable as described in Chapter 2 Making Measurements In the split display mode the analyzer provides information labels for each half of the display Several display formats are available for di erent measurements as described under 4FORMAT5 in Chapter 9 Key De nitions 1 Stimulus Start Value This value could be any one of the following The start frequency of the source in frequency domain measure...

Page 41: ...ction theory refer to Chapter 6 Application and Operation Concepts C2 Full two port error correction is active and either the power range for each port is di erent uncoupled or the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TESTSET SW HOLD is activated The annotation occurs because the analyzer does not switch between the test ports every sweep under these conditions The measurement stays on ...

Page 42: ...s selected which would cause repeated switching of the step attenuator This hold mode may be overridden See NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MEASURE RESTART or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER OF GROUPS in Chapter 9 Key De nitions Fast sweep indicator This symbol is displayed in the status notation block when sweep time is less than 1 0 second When sweep tim...

Page 43: ...ent measurement Refer to Using Analyzer Display Markers in Chapter 2 Making Measurements 13 Marker Stats Bandwidth These are statistical marker values that the analyzer calculates when you access the menus with the 4MARKER FCTN5 key Refer to Using Analyzer Display Markers in Chapter 2 Making Measurements 14 Softkey Labels These menu labels rede ne the function of the softkeys that are located to t...

Page 44: ...con gurations 4 PARALLEL interface This connector allows the analyzer to output to a peripheral with a parallel input Also included is a general purpose input output GPIO bus that can control eight output bits and read ve input bits through test sequencing Refer to Chapter 11 Compatible Peripherals for information on con guring a peripheral Also refer to Application and Operation Concepts for info...

Page 45: ...alyzer s source This input analog signal amplitude modulates the RF output signal 14 EXTERNAL TRIGGER connector This allows connection of an external negative going TTL compatible signal that will trigger a measurement sweep The trigger can be set to external through softkey functions 15 TEST SEQUENCE This outputs a TTL signal that can be programmed in a test sequence to be high or low or pulse 10...

Page 46: ...work versus time determines the characteristics of individual transmission paths Time domain operation retains all accuracy inherent with the correction that is active in the frequency domain The time domain capability is useful for the design and characterization of such devices as SAW lters SAW delay lines RF cables and RF antennas Option 011 Receiver Con guration Option 011 allows front panel a...

Page 47: ...ough Travel Zone 3 on all service requests for the HP 8753D and a 50 ohm test set for Option 011 by a Hewlett Packard customer engineer Basic System Maintenance Service 02B This option provides next day on site response through Travel Zone 3 on all service requests for the HP 8753D and a 50 ohm test set for Option 011 by a Hewlett Packard customer engineer Return to HP Full Service Agreement 22A T...

Page 48: ...mented error correction in freq list mode No No Yes Yes Yes Color CRT No No Yes Yes Yes Test sequencing No Yes Yes Yes Yes Automatic sweep time No Yes Yes Yes Yes External source capability No Yes Yes Yes Yes Tuned receiver mode No Yes Yes Yes Yes Printer plotter bu er No Yes Yes Yes Yes Harmonic measurements Option 002 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Frequency o set mode mixer measurements No Yes Yes Yes Yes ...

Page 49: ...ok for More Information Additional information about many of the topics discussed in this Chapter is located in the following areas Chapter 4 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results contains instructions for saving to disk or the analyzer internal memory and printing and plotting displayed measurements Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results describes techniques and functions for achievi...

Page 50: ... Connector Care Quick Reference Handling and Storage Do Do Not Keep connectors clean Touch mating plane surfaces Extend sleeve or connector nut Set connectors contact end down Use plastic end caps during storage Visual Inspection Do Do Not Inspect all connectors carefully Use a damaged connector ever Look for metal particles scratches and dents Connector Cleaning Do Do Not Try compressed air rst U...

Page 51: ...error correction 4 Measure the device under test 5 Output the measurement results Basic Measurement Example This example procedure shows you how to measure the transmission response of a bandpass lter Step 1 Connect the device under test and any required test equipment 1 Make the connections as shown in Figure 2 1 Figure 2 1 Basic Measurement Setup Step 2 Choose the measurement parameters 2 Press ...

Page 52: ...NNNNNNNNNN AUTOSCALE Step 3 Perform and apply the appropriate error correction 9 Refer to the Optimizing Measurement Results Chapter for procedures on correcting measurement errors 10 To save the instrument state and error correction in the analyzer internal memory press 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT DISK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INTERNAL MEMORY NN...

Page 53: ... and phase measurements for example are useful in evaluating stability in negative feedback ampli ers You can easily make such measurements using the dual channel display 1 To see both channels simultaneously press 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CHAN ON Figure 2 2 Example of Viewing Both Channels Simultaneously Making Measurements 2 5 ...

Page 54: ...D CH OFF To Save a Data Trace to the Display Memory Press 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY to store the current active measurement data in the memory of the active channel The data trace is now also the memory trace You can use a memory trace for subsequent math manipulations To View the Measurement Data and Memory Trace The analyzer default setting shows you the current...

Page 55: ...2 You may want to use this feature when making ampli er measurements to produce a trace that represents gain compression For example with the channels uncoupled you can increase the power for channel 2 while channel 1 remains unchanged This will allow you to observe the gain compression on channel 2 1 Press 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COUPLED CH OFF to uncouple the channels...

Page 56: ...nalyzer You can enter a title that has a maximum of 50 characters If you do not have a DIN keyboard attached to the analyzer enter the title from the analyzer front panel a Turn the front panel knob to move the arrow pointer to the rst character of the title b Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT LETTER c Repeat the previous two steps to enter the rest of the characters in your t...

Page 57: ...llows 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans FWD S21 B R 4CENTER5 41345 4M 5 4SPAN5 4255 4M 5 To Use Continuous and Discrete Markers The analyzer can either place markers on discrete measured points or move the markers continuously along a trace by interpolating the data value between measured points Press 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 58: ...eypad All of the marker response and stimulus values are displayed in the upper right corner of the display Figure 2 5 Active Marker Control Example To switch on the corresponding marker and make it the active marker press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 3 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 4 or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 5 All of the markers other than ...

Page 59: ...tive to the reference marker on the numeric keypad 3 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 2 and move marker 2 to any position that you want to measure in reference to marker 1 Figure 2 7 Marker 1 as the Reference Marker Example 4 To change the reference marker to marker 2 press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 1 MODE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 1 REF 2 To Activate a Fixed Marker When a refe...

Page 60: ...UE and turn the front panel knob or enter a value from the front panel keypad In a Cartesian format the setting is the y axis value In polar or Smith chart format with a magnitude phase marker a real imaginary marker an R jX marker or a G jB marker the setting applies to the rst part of the complex data pair Fixed marker response values are always uncoupled in the two channels 3 To set the auxilia...

Page 61: ...e front panel keypad 2 To measure values along the measurement data trace relative to the reference point that you set in the previous step press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR ZERO and turn the front panel knob or enter a value from the front panel keypad 3 To move the reference position press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 1MODE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIX...

Page 62: ...d and Uncoupled Markers To Use Polar Format Markers The analyzer can display the marker value as magnitude and phase or as a real imaginary pair NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN MKR gives linear magnitude and phase NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOG MKR gives log magnitude and phase NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Re Im gives the real value rst then the imaginary value You can use these markers only when you are viewing a ...

Page 63: ... value of the re ection coe cient 0 uniquely de nes a device impedance 0 0 only occurs when the device and analyzer impedance are exactly the same The re ection coe cient for a short circuit is 0 1 6 180 Every other value for 0 also corresponds uniquely to a complex device impedance according to the equation ZL 1 0 1 0 0 2Z0 where ZL is your test device impedance and Z0 is the measuring system s c...

Page 64: ...ginary pair Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN R jX MKR to show the real and imaginary parts of the device impedance at the marker Also shown is the equivalent series inductance or capacitance the series resistance and reactance in ohms Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN G jB MKR to show the complex admittance values of the active marker in rectangular form The active marker values are displayed in ...

Page 65: ...value of the active marker Figure 2 13 Example of Setting the Start Frequency Using a Marker Setting the Stop Frequency 1 Press 4MARKER FCTN5 and turn the front panel knob or enter a value from the front panel keypad to position the marker at the value that you want for the stop frequency 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER STOP to change the stop frequency value to the value of t...

Page 66: ...anel keypad to position the marker at the value that you want for the center frequency 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER CENTER to change the center frequency value to the value of the active marker Figure 2 15 Example of Setting the Center Frequency Using a Marker 2 18 Making Measurements ...

Page 67: ...NNN Marker 1 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 2 respectively and turning the front panel knob or entering values from the front panel keypad to position the markers around the center frequency When nished positioning the markers make sure that marker 2 is selected as the active marker Note Step 2 can also be performed using NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR ZERO and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MA...

Page 68: ...eypad to position the marker at the value that you want for the analyzer display reference value 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER REFERENCE to change the reference value to the value of the active marker Figure 2 17 Example of Setting the Reference Value Using a Marker 2 20 Making Measurements ...

Page 69: ... use this to measure the electrical length or deviation from linear phase Additional electrical delay adjustments are required on devices without constant group delay over the measured frequency span Figure 2 18 Example of Setting the Electrical Delay Using a Marker Setting the CW Frequency 1 To place a marker at the desired CW frequency press 4MARKER5 and either turn the front panel knob or enter...

Page 70: ... the target point Searching for the Maximum Amplitude 1 Press 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR SEARCH to access the marker search menu 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH MAX to move the active marker to the maximum point on the measurement trace Figure 2 19 Example of Searching for the Maximum Amplitude Using a Marker 2 22 Making Measurements ...

Page 71: ...NNNNNNNNNNN MKR SEARCH to access the marker search menu 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH MIN to move the active marker to the minimum point on the measurement trace Figure 2 20 Example of Searching for the Minimum Amplitude Using a Marker Making Measurements 2 23 ...

Page 72: ...measurement trace 3 If you want to change the target amplitude value default is 03 dB press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TARGET and enter the new value from the front panel keypad 4 If you want to search for multiple responses at the target amplitude value press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH LEFT and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH RIGHT Figure 2 21 Example of Searching for a Ta...

Page 73: ...bandpass or band reject shape on the measurement trace 4 If you want to change the amplitude value default is 03 dB that de nes the passband or rejectband press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WIDTH VALUE and enter the new value from the front panel keypad Figure 2 22 Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using Markers Tracking the Amplitude that You are Searching 1 Set up an amplitude search b...

Page 74: ...NNNNNNNN MARKER 2 and move marker 2 to any position that you want to measure in reference to marker 1 4 Press 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR MODE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STATS ON to calculate and view the mean standard deviation and peak to peak values of the section of the measurement data between the active marker and the delta reference marker An application...

Page 75: ...T5 and choose the measurement settings For this example the measurement parameters are set as follows 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans FWD S21 B R 4CENTER5 41345 4M 5 4SPAN5 4505 4M 5 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER 4035 4x15 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO SCALE 4CHAN 25 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 76: ...esults Measuring Insertion Phase Response 7 To view both the magnitude and phase response of the device as shown in Figure 2 26 press 4CHAN 25 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CHAN ON 4FORMAT5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PHASE The channel 2 portion of Figure 2 26 shows the insertion phase response of the device under test The analyzer measures and displays phase over the range of 0180 t...

Page 77: ...phase samples being with 1 less than 180 and greater than 180 Figure 2 27 Phase Samples Undersampling may arise when measuring devices with long electrical length To correct this problem the frequency span should be reduced or the number of points increased until 1 is less than 180 per point Electrical delay may also be used to compensate for this e ect as shown in the next example procedure Makin...

Page 78: ... can express it in two di erent ways deviation from linear phase group delay Measuring Electrical Length 1 Connect your test device as shown in Figure 2 28 Figure 2 28 Device Connections for Measuring Electrical Length 2 Press 4PRESET5 and choose the measurement settings For this example the measurement settings include reducing the frequency span to eliminate under sampled phase response Press th...

Page 79: ...e the e ects of phase shift The linearly changing phase is due to the device s electrical length You can measure this changing phase by adding electrical length electrical delay to compensate for it Figure 2 29 Linearly Changing Phase 6 To place a marker at the center of the band press 4MARKER5 and turn the front panel knob or enter a value from the front panel keypad 7 To activate the electrical ...

Page 80: ...ropagation velocity by pressing 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VELOCITY FACTOR enter the value 4x15 This will help the analyzer to accurately calculate the equivalent distance that corresponds to the entered electrical delay Figure 2 30 Example Best Flat Line with Added Electrical Delay 9 To display the electrical length press 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 81: ... is speci ed in terms of group or envelope delay The analyzer can translate this information into a related parameter group delay Group delay is the transmission time through your device under test as a function of frequency Mathematically it is the derivative of the phase response which can be approximated by the following ratio 01 360 1F where 1 is the di erence in phase at two frequencies separ...

Page 82: ...nt frequency points must be less than 180 otherwise incorrect group delay information may result 4 To vary the e ective group delay aperture from minimum aperture no smoothing to approximately 1 of the frequency span press 4AVG5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SMOOTHING ON When you increase the aperture the analyzer removes ne grain variations from the response It is critical that you speci...

Page 83: ...es the group delay press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SMOOTHING APERTURE 455 4x15 As the aperture is increased the smoothness of the trace improves markedly but at the expense of measurement detail Figure 2 34 Group Delay Example Measurement with Smoothing Aperture Increased Making Measurements 2 35 ...

Page 84: ...ting sloping limit lines creating single point limit lines editing limit segments running a limit test Setting Up the Measurement Parameters 1 Connect your test device as shown in Figure 2 35 Figure 2 35 Connections for SAW Filter Example Measurement 2 Press 4PRESET5 and choose the measurement settings For this example the measurement settings are as follows 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 85: ... ADD The analyzer generates a new segment that appears on the center of the display 3 To specify the limit s stimulus value test limits upper and lower and the limit type press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS VALUE 41275 4M 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UPPER LIMIT 40215 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOWER LIMIT 40275 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE Note You could...

Page 86: ...2 36 Example Flat Limit Line 6 To create a limit line that tests the low side of the lter press NNNNNNNNNNN ADD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS VALUE 41005 4M 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UPPER LIMIT 40655 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOWER LIMIT 402005 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT TYPE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FLAT...

Page 87: ...limits that test the shape factor of a SAW lter The following limits are set Frequency Range Power Range 123 MHz to 125 MHz 065 dB to 026 dB 144 MHz to 146 MHz 026 dB to 065 dB 1 To access the limits menu and activate the limit lines press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE ON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDI...

Page 88: ...45 4M 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UPPER LIMIT 40265 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOWER LIMIT 402005 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT TYPE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLOPING LINE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN 5 To terminate the lines and create a sloping limit line press NNNNNNNNNNN ADD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMU...

Page 89: ... indicating the lower test limit Press NNNNNNNNNNN ADD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS VALUE 41415 4M 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UPPER LIMIT 40235 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOWER LIMIT 4028 55 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT TYPE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SINGLE POINT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN NNNNNNNNNN...

Page 90: ...he upper limit for example 020 of a limit line press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UPPER LIMIT 4 205 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE Deleting Limit Segments 1 To access the limits menu and activate the limit lines press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE ON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT...

Page 91: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT TEST ON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP FAIL ON Note Selecting the beep fail indicator NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP FAIL ON is optional and will add approximately 50 ms of sweep cycle time Because the limit test will still work if the limits lines are o selecting NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE ON is also optional Th...

Page 92: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE OFFSETS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS OFFSET 435 4M 5 The analyzer beeps and a FAIL notation appears on the analyzer display as shown in Figure 2 40 Figure 2 40 Example Stimulus O set of Limit Lines 2 To return to 0 Hz o set press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 93: ...ompression 1 Set up the stimulus and response parameters for your ampli er under test To reduce the e ect of noise on the trace press 4AVG5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IF BW NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 1000 4215 2 Perform the desired error correction procedure Refer to Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results for instructions on how to make a measurement correction 3 Hook up the ampli er under test 4 To produce a normal...

Page 94: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SCALE DIV 415 4x15 to change the scale to 1 dB per division 9 Press 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER 10 Increase the power until you observe approximately 1 dB of compression on channel 2 using the step keys or the front panel knob 11 To locate the worst case point on the trace press 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR SEARCH NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH M...

Page 95: ...4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SCALE DIV 4105 4x15 to change the scale of channel 2 to 10 dB per division 22 Press 4CHAN 15 415 4x15 to change the scale of channel 1 to 1 dB per division Note A receiver calibration will improve the accuracy of this measurement Refer to Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results 23 Press 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARK...

Page 96: ...Figure 2 43 Gain Compression Using Power Sweep 2 48 Making Measurements ...

Page 97: ...NNNNNNN PORT POWER UNCOUPLED Uncoupling the port power allows you to apply di erent power levels at each port In Figure 2 44 the port 1 power is set to 025 dBm for the gain measurement S21 and the port 2 power is set to 0 dBm for the reverse isolation measurement S12 3 Press 4CHAN 15 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans FWD S21 B R 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PO...

Page 98: ...the calibration However the analyzer compensates for nominal power changes you make during a measurement so that the error correction still remains approximately valid In these cases the Cor annunciator will change to C Figure 2 44 Gain and Reverse Isolation 2 50 Making Measurements ...

Page 99: ...g the analyzer s tuned receiver mode is useful for automated test applications where an external synthesized source is available and applications where speed is important Although the tuned receiver mode can function in all sweep types it is typically used in CW applications Typical test setup 1 Activate the tuned receiver mode by pressing 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN I...

Page 100: ...nts An analyzer in tuned receiver mode can receive input signals into PORT 1 PORT 2 or R CHANNEL IN Input power range speci cations are provided in Chapter 7 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 2 52 Making Measurements ...

Page 101: ...sequencing information refer to Test Sequencing in Chapter 6 Application and Operation Concepts The test sequence function allows you to create title save and execute up to six independent sequences internally You can also save sequences to disk and transfer them between the analyzer and an external computer controller The following procedures are based on an actual measurement example that shows ...

Page 102: ...reate or edit a sequence d a c b Figure 2 46 Test Sequencing Help Instructions 2 To select a sequence position in which to store your sequence press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 1 SEQ1 This choice selects sequence position 1 The default title is SEQ1 for this sequence Refer to Changing the Sequence Title located later in this Chapter for information on how to modify a s...

Page 103: ...played list as shown Start of Sequence RECALL PRST STATE Trans FWD S21 B R LOG MAG CENTER 134 M u SPAN 50 M u SCALE DIV AUTO SCALE 4 To complete the sequence creation press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE SEQ MODIFY Caution When you create a sequence the analyzer stores it in volatile memory where it will be lost if you switch o the instrument power except for sequence 6...

Page 104: ...ting a Command 1 To enter the creation editing mode press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEW SEQ MODIFY SEQ 2 To select the particular test sequence you wish to modify sequence 1 in this example press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 1 SEQ1 3 To insert a command move the cursor to the line immediately above the line where you want to insert a...

Page 105: ...ish to modify press 4 5 or 4 5 If you use the 4 5 key to move the cursor through the list of commands the commands are actually performed when the cursor points to them This feature allows the sequence to be tested one command at a time If you wish to scroll through the sequence without executing each line as you do so you can press the 4 5 key and scroll through the command list backwards 4 To de...

Page 106: ...The analyzer can automatically increment the name of a le that is generated by a sequence using a loop structure See example Generating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence later in this chapter To access the sequence lename menu press 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE UTILITIES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE FILENAMING This m...

Page 107: ...al disk press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STORE SEQ TO DISK and select the particular sequence softkey The disk drive access light should turn on brie y When it goes out the sequence has been saved Caution The analyzer will overwrite a le on the disk that has the same title Making Measurements 2 59 ...

Page 108: ... Purging a Sequence from Disk 1 To view the contents of the disk six titles at a time press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STORE SEQ TO DISK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PURGE SEQUENCES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN READ SEQ FILE TITLS If the desired sequence is not among the rst six les press NNNNNNN...

Page 109: ...EQUENCE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE SEQ MODIFY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEW SEQ MODIFY SEQ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 2 SEQ2 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans FWD S21 B R 4FORMAT5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOG MAG 4SCALE REF5 NNN...

Page 110: ...E 2 To create a second sequence that will perform a desired measurement function decrement the loop counter and call itself until the loop counter value is equal to zero press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEW SEQ MODIFY SEQ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 2 SEQ2 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans FW...

Page 111: ...NNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 2 SEQ 2 4Save Recall5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE UTILITIES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE FILE NAMING NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE NAME FILE0 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ERASE TITLE NNNNN D NNNNN T NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOOP COUNTER NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 112: ...in register 1 device measurement parameters a series of active visible limit lines an active limit test 1 To create a sequence that will recall the desired instrument state perform a limit test and branch to another sequence position based on the outcome of that limit test press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEW SEQ MODIFY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUEN...

Page 113: ... as shown Start of Sequence INTERNAL DISK DATA ARRAY ON FILENAME FILE 0 SAVE FILE 3 To create a sequence that prompts you to tune a device that has failed the limit test and calls sequence 1 to retest the device press 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEW SEQ MODIFY SEQ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 3 SEQ3 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNN...

Page 114: ... channels allows you to have the separate sweeps necessary for measuring the fundamental and harmonic frequencies 5 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER and select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CHAN POWER COUPLED Coupling the channel power allows you to maintain the same fundamental frequency power level for both channels 6 Press 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER and set the...

Page 115: ...Figure 2 48 2nd Harmonic Power Level in dBc Making Measurements 2 67 ...

Page 116: ...surement of RF crosstalk and multi path signal through a surface acoustic wave SAW lter re ection measurement that locates re ections along a terminated transmission line Transmission Response in Time Domain In this example measurement there are three components of the transmission response RF leakage at near zero time the main travel path through the device 1 6 s travel time the triple travel pat...

Page 117: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM ON 4START5 405 4G n5 4STOP5 465 4M 5 The other time domain modes low pass step and low pass impulse are described in Chapter 6 Application and Operation Concepts 6 To better view the measurement trace press 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFERENCE VALUE and turn the front panel knob or enter a value from the front panel keypad 7 T...

Page 118: ...he gating function to remove any unwanted responses press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GATE ON As shown in Figure 2 51 only response from the main path is displayed Note You may remove the displayed response from inside the gate markers by pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPAN and turning the front panel knob to exchange the ag marker positions Figure 2 51 Gating in a Time Domain Transmission Example Measuremen...

Page 119: ...s just twice the cuto time Figure 2 52 Gate Shape 13 To see the e ect of the gating in the frequency domain press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM OFF 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO SCALE 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEM NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 120: ...Figure 2 53 Gating E ects in a Frequency Domain Example Measurement 2 72 Making Measurements ...

Page 121: ...the frequency range over which you would like to make the measurement 1 To choose the measurement parameters press 4PRESET5 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Refl FWD S11 A R 4START5 4505 4M 5 4STOP5 435 4G n5 2 Perform an S11 1 port correction on PORT 1 Refer to Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results for a detailed procedure 3 Connect your device under test as s...

Page 122: ...ain to the time domain press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BANDPASS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM ON 6 To view the time domain over the length 4 meters of the cable under test press 4FORMAT5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN MAG 4START5 405 4x15 4STOP5 4355 4G n5 The stop time corresponds to the length of the cable unde...

Page 123: ... length that assumes a relative velocity of 1 V elocityF actor 1 p r where r is the relative permittivity of the cable dielectric 8 To position the marker on the re ection of interest press 4MARKER5 and turn the front panel knob or enter a value from the front panel keypad In this example the velocity factor was set to one half the actual value so the marker reads the time and distance to the re e...

Page 124: ...s often not always a simple two port It may be di cult to make repeatable on wafer contacts due to the size of the device contact pads Due to the simplicity of the calibration standards TRL or LRM calibrations may be used for non coaxial applications such as on wafer measurements This type of calibration with time domain gating and a variety of probe styles can provide optimal accuracy in on wafer...

Page 125: ...uency o set mode Isolation LO to RF isolation RF feedthrough Where to Look for More Information Additional information about many of the topics discussed in this chapter is located in the following areas Chapter 2 Making Measurements contains step by step procedures for making measurements or using particular functions Chapter 4 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results contains instruction...

Page 126: ...alyzer R channel input is less than 010 dBm and greater than 035 dBm Reducing the E ect of Spurious Responses By choosing test frequencies frequency list mode you can reduce the e ect of spurious responses on measurements by avoiding frequencies that produce IF signal path distortion Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage Signals By placing lters between the mixer s IF port and the receiver s inp...

Page 127: ... either NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO Figure 3 1 Down Converter Port Connections In an up converter measurement where the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UP CONVERTER softkey is selected the notation on the setup diagram indicates that the analyzer s source frequency is labeled IF connecting to the mixer IF port and the analyzer s receiver frequency is label...

Page 128: ...ource To compensate for these losses the traces associated with the R Channel have been o set 16 dB higher As a result power measured directly at the R Channel via the R CHANNEL IN port will appear to be 16 dB higher than its actual value If power meter calibration is not used this o set in power must be accounted for with a receiver calibration before performing measurements The following steps c...

Page 129: ...ured power The actual input power level to the R channel input must be 0 dBm or less 010 dBm typical to avoid receiver saturation e ects The minimum signal level must be greater than 035 dBm to provide su cient signal for operation of the phaselock loop 5 You cannot trust R channel power settings without knowing about the o set involved Perform a receiver calibration to remove any power o sets by ...

Page 130: ... the analyzer is speci ed 61 dB over any given source frequency This may give a maximum 2 dB error for a mixer transmission test setup 61 dB for the source over the IF range during measurement and 61 dB over the RF range during measurement Higher measurement accuracy may be obtained through the use of power meter calibration You can use power meter calibration to correct for power o sets losses an...

Page 131: ...lyzer s source by a xed value above or below the analyzer s receiver That is this allows you to use a device input frequency range that is di erent from the receiver input frequency range The following procedure describes the swept IF frequency conversion loss measurement of a broadband component mixer 1 Set the LO source to the desired CW frequency and power level CW frequency 1000 MHz Power 13 d...

Page 132: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER 8 Set the power meter s address NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESSES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS P MTR HPIB 4 5 4x15 9 Select the appropriate power meter by pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER MTR until the correct model number is displayed HP 436A or...

Page 133: ...e this calibration 12 To calibrate the R channel over the IF range press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECEIVER CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TAKE RCVR CAL SWEEP Once completed the display should read 0 dBm 13 Make the connections as shown in Figure 3 6 for the one sweep power meter calibration over the RF range Figure 3 6 Connections for a One Swee...

Page 134: ...asurement Setup from Display 16 To view the measurement trace press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VIEW MEASURE 17 To perform a one sweep power meter calibration over the RF frequency range press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ONE SWEEP 405 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TAKE CAL SWEEP Note Do not reduce the number of poin...

Page 135: ...urement Conversion loss gain output power 0 input power In this measurement you set the input power and measured the output power Figure 3 9 shows the absolute loss through the mixer versus mixer output frequency If the mixer under test contained built in ampli cation then the measurement results would have shown conversion gain Making Mixer Measurements 3 11 ...

Page 136: ...alyzer s R channel for phaselock This example describes the swept IF conversion loss measurement of a mixer and lter The output ltering demonstrates the analyzer s ability to make high dynamic range measurements To avoid the complexity of performing a separate power meter calibration over the RF frequency range while the mixer under test and reference mixer are operating a broad band power meter c...

Page 137: ...AL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOSS SENSR LISTS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL FACTOR SENSOR A and enter the correction factors as listed on the power sensor Press NNNNNNNNNNN ADD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY 4XX5 4M 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL FACTOR 4XX5 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE for each correction factor When nished p...

Page 138: ...re 3 11 Figure 3 11 Connections for Receiver Calibration 12 Set the following analyzer parameters 4START5 41005 4M 5 4STOP5 415 4G n5 13 To calibrate the B channel over the IF range press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECEIVER CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TAKE RCVR CAL SWEEP Once completed the analyzer should display 0 dBm 14 Make the connections s...

Page 139: ...Figure 3 12 Connections for a High Dynamic Range Swept IF Conversion Loss Measurement Making Mixer Measurements 3 15 ...

Page 140: ...will be o set higher than the receiver frequency range The source frequency range can be determined from the following equation receiver frequency range 100 1000 MHz LO frequency 1500 MHz 1 6 2 5 GHz 18 To view the conversion loss in the best vertical resolution press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VIEW MEASURE 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTOSCALE Figure 3 13 shows the conve...

Page 141: ...etup The following sequence initializes and calibrates the network analyzer It then initializes the two external sources prior to measurement This sequence includes putting the network analyzer into tuned receiver mode setting up a frequency list sweep of 26 points performing a response calibration prompting the user to connect a mixer to the test set up initializing a loop counter value to 26 add...

Page 142: ...alyzer into Tuned Receiver Mode 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INSTRUMENT MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TUNED RECEIVER Setting Up a Frequency List Sweep of 26 Points 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SWEEP TYPE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LI...

Page 143: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFERENCE POSITION 405 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFERENCE VALUE 40205 4x15 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MANUAL TRG ON POINT Addressing and Con guring the Two Sources 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 144: ...quence commands SEQUENCE SEQ1 Start of Sequence RECALL PRST STATE SYSTEM CONTROLLER TUNED RECEIVER EDIT LIST ADD CW FREQ 100M u NUMBER OF POINTS 26x1 DONE DONE LIST FREQ B TITLE POW LEV 6DBM PERIPHERAL HPIB ADDR 19x1 TITLE TO PERIPHERAL TITLE FREQ MODE CW CW 100MHZ TITLE TO PERIPHERAL CALIBRATE RESPONSE CAL STANDARD DONE CAL CLASS TITLE CONNECT MIXER PAUSE LOOP COUNTER 26x1 SCALE DIV 2 x1 REFERENC...

Page 145: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ERASE TITLE FREQ CW UP NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIAL FUNCTIONS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PERIPHERAL HPIB ADDR 4195 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE TO PERIPHERAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PERIPHERAL HPIB A...

Page 146: ...uences 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE SEQ MODIFY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DO SEQUENCE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE2 SEQ2 When the prompt CONNECT MIXER appears connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3 15 Figure 3 15 Connections for a Conversion Loss Using the Tuned Receiver Mode When the sequences are nished you should have a result ...

Page 147: ...ement The displayed trace represents the conversion loss of the mixer at 26 points Each point corresponds to one of the 26 di erent sets of RF and LO frequencies that were used to create the same xed IF frequency Making Mixer Measurements 3 23 ...

Page 148: ...ni Circuits ZFM 4 dc to 1250 MHz 6 ns 1 Set the LO source to the desired CW frequency and power level For this example the LO source is set to the following values CW frequency 1000 MHz power 13 dBm 2 Initialize the analyzer by pressing 4PRESET5 3 From the front panel of the HP 8753D set the desired receiver frequency and source output power by pressing 4CENTER5 43005 4M 5 4SPAN5 41005 4M 5 4MENU5...

Page 149: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VIEW MEASURE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LO MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY CW 410005 4M 5 6 To select the converter type and a high side LO measurement con guration press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DOWN CONVERTER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQ OFFS ON 7 To select the format...

Page 150: ...delay for example 00 6 ns by pressing 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ELECTRICAL DELAY 400 65 4G n5 10 Scale the data for best vertical resolution 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTOSCALE Figure 3 18 Group Delay Measurement Example The displayed measurement trace shows the device under test delay relative to the calibration mixer This measurement is also u...

Page 151: ... Delay Measurements section with the following exception In step 7 select 4FORMAT5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PHASE 2 Once the analyzer has displayed the measurement results press 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEM 3 Replace the calibration mixer with the mixer under test 4 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEM The resulting trace should represent the amplitude and phase tracking of the tw...

Page 152: ...creasing RF signal until mixer compression begins and the mixer saturates The following example uses a ratio of mixer output to input power and a marker search function to locate a mixer s 1 dB compression point 1 Set the LO source to the desired CW frequency and power level CW frequency 600 MHz Power 13 dBm 2 Initialize the analyzer by pressing 4PRESET5 3 To set the desired CW frequency and power...

Page 153: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INPUT PORTS NNNNN R 6 To store a trace of the receiver power versus the source power into memory and view data memory press 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEM This removes the loss between the output of the mixer and the input to the receiver and provides a linear power sweep for use in subsequent measur...

Page 154: ...NN LO MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY CW 46005 4M 5 9 To select the converter type press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UP CONVERTER 10 To select a low side LO measurement con guration press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQ OFFS ON In this low side LO up converter measurement the analyzer source frequency ...

Page 155: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR SEARCH ON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH MAX 13 Press 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR ZERO 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MKR SEARCH ON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TARGET 4015 4x15 The measurement results show the mixer s 1 dB compression point By changing the target value you can easily locate other compression point...

Page 156: ...Figure 3 23 Example Swept Power Conversion Compression Measurement j 3 32 Making Mixer Measurements ...

Page 157: ...F signal The LO to RF isolation and the LO feedthrough are typically measured with the third port terminated in 50 ohms Measurement of the RF feedthrough is made as the LO signal is being applied to the mixer LO to RF Isolation 1 Initialize the analyzer by pressing 4PRESET5 2 To select the analyzer frequency range and source power press 4START5 4105 4M 5 4STOP5 430005 4M 5 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 158: ...ote A full 2 port calibration will increase the accuracy of isolation measurements Refer to Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results 6 Make the connections as shown in Figure 3 26 Figure 3 26 Connections for a Mixer Isolation Measurement 7 To adjust the display scale press 4SCALE REF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO SCALE The measurement results show the mixer s LO to RF isolation 3 34 Makin...

Page 159: ...Power 10 dBm 2 Initialize the analyzer by pressing 4PRESET5 3 To select the analyzer s frequency range and source power press 4START5 4105 4M 5 4STOP5 430005 4M 5 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWR RANGE MAN 405 4x15 This signal stimulates the mixer s RF port 4 To select a ratio measurement press 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INPUT PORTS NNNNN...

Page 160: ... connections as shown in Figure 3 29 Figure 3 29 Connections for a Mixer RF Feedthrough Measurement 8 Connect the external LO source to the mixer s LO port 9 The measurement results show the mixer s RF feedthrough Note You may see spurious responses on the analyzer trace due to interference caused by LO to IF leakage in the mixer This can be reduced with averaging or by reducing the IF bandwidth 3...

Page 161: ...edthrough Measurement You can measure the IF to RF isolation in a similar manner but with the following modi cations use the analyzer source as the IF signal drive view the leakage signal at the RF port Making Mixer Measurements 3 37 ...

Page 162: ......

Page 163: ...a PC to a plotter Outputting plot les from a PC to an HPGL compatible printer Outputting single page plots using a printer Outputting multiple plots to a single page using a printer Plotting Multiple Measurements per page from disk Titling the displayed measurement Con guring the analyzer to produce a time stamp Aborting a print or plot process Printing or plotting the list values or operating par...

Page 164: ...ts or using particular functions Chapter 8 Menu Maps shows softkey menu relationships Chapter 9 Key De nitions describes all the front panel keys softkeys and their corresponding HP IB commands Chapter 11 Compatible Peripherals lists measurement and system accessories and other applicable equipment compatible with the analyzers An HP IB programming overview is also included 4 2 Printing Plotting a...

Page 165: ...s with HP IB interfaces plotters with parallel interfaces plotters with serial interfaces Refer to the Compatible Peripherals chapter for a list of recommended peripherals Con guring a Print Function All copy con guration settings are stored in non volatile memory Therefore they are not a ected if you press 4PRESET5or switch o the analyzer power 1 Connect the printer to the interface port Printer ...

Page 166: ...NN PRNTR PORT HPIB if your printer has an HP IB interface and then con gure the print function as follows a Enter the HP IB address of the printer followed by 4x15 b Press 4LOCAL5 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER if there is no external controller connected to the HP IB bus c Press 4LOCAL5 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USE PASS CO...

Page 167: ...mission control method De ning a Print Function Note The print de nition is set to default values whenever the power is cycled However you can save the print de nition by saving the instrument state 1 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE PRINT 2 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT MONOCHROME or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT COLOR C...

Page 168: ...NNNN DEFAULT PRNT SETUP Table 4 1 Default Values for Printing Parameters Printing Parameter Default Printer Mode Monochrome Auto Feed ON Printer Colors Channel 1 Data Magenta Channel 1 Memory Green Channel 2 Data Blue Channel 2 Memory Red Graticule Cyan Warning Black Text Black Printing One Measurement Per Page 1 Con gure and de ne the print function as explained in Con guring a Print Function and...

Page 169: ...FF 3 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT MONOCHROME to print a measurement on the rst half page 4 Make the next measurement that you want to see on your hardcopy Figure 4 2 shows an example of a hardcopy where two measurements appear 5 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT MONOCHROME to print a measurement on th...

Page 170: ...2 Compatible Printer 2 Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESSES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER PORT and then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRNTR TYPE until the correct printer choice appears NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ThinkJet QuietJet NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DeskJet only DeskJet 1200C and DeskJet 1600C NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LaserJet only ...

Page 171: ...urpose I O and cannot be used for printing or plotting Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERIAL if your printer has a serial RS 232 interface and then con gure the print function as follows a Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER BAUD RATE and enter the printer s baud rate followed by 4x15 b To select the transmission control method that is compatible with your printer pres...

Page 172: ...ppears If you choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARALLEL COPY the parallel port is dedicated for normal copy device use printers or plotters If you choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARALLEL GPIO the parallel port is dedicated for general purpose I O and cannot be used for printing or plotting Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERIAL if your printer has a serial...

Page 173: ...l plot to a disk drive that is external to the analyzer Then con gure the disk drive as follows a Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CONFIGURE EXT DISK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS DISK and enter the HP IB address to the disk drive default is 00 followed by 4x15 b Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISK UNIT NUMBER and ...

Page 174: ...graticule and the reference line to appear on your plot Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT TEXT ON if you want all of the displayed text to appear on your plot This does not include the marker values or softkey labels Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT MKR ON if you want the displayed markers and marker values to appear on your plot Figure 4 4 Plot Components Available...

Page 175: ...rs Table 4 2 Default Pen Numbers and Corresponding Colors Pen Number Color 0 white 1 cyan 2 magenta 3 blue 4 yellow 5 green 6 red 7 black Table 4 3 Default Pen Numbers for Plot Elements Corresponding Key Plot Element Channel 1 Pen Numbers Channel 2 Pen Numbers FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF PEN NUM DATA Measurement Data Trace 2 3 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF PEN NUM MEMORY Displayed Memor...

Page 176: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE TYPE MEMORY to modify the line type for the memory trace Then enter the new line type see Figure 4 5 followed by 4x15 Table 4 4 Default Line Types for Plot Elements Plot Elements Channel 1 Line Type Numbers Channel 2 Line Type Numbers Data Trace 7 7 Memory Trace 7 7 Figure 4 5 Line Types Available Note You must de ne the line types for each mea...

Page 177: ...CALE PLOT GRAT if you want the outer limits of the graticule to correspond to the de ned P1 and P2 scaling point on the plotter Intended for plotting on preprinted rectangular or polar forms Figure 4 6 Locations of P1 and P2 in NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SCALE PLOT GRAT Mode Choosing Plot Speed 7 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT SPEED until the plot speed appe...

Page 178: ...olid line Pen Numbers Channel 1 Data 2 Memory 5 Graticule 1 Text 7 Marker 7 Pen Numbers Channel 2 Data 3 Memory 6 Graticule 1 Text 7 Marker 7 Plotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen Plotter 1 Con gure and de ne the plot as explained in Con guring a Plot Function and De ning a Plot Function located earlier in this chapter 2 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT If you de ned the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 179: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LEFT LOWER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RIGHT UPPER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RIGHT LOWER The selected quadrant will appear in the brackets under NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEL QUAD Figure 4 7 Plot Quadrants 4 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT 5 Make the next measurement that you want to see on your hardcopy 6 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEL QUAD and ...

Page 180: ...NNNNNNNNNNN SEL QUAD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LEFT UPPER NNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans FWD S21 B R 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEL QUAD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LEFT LOWER NNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Refl REV S22 B R 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SE...

Page 181: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS DISK and enter the HP IB address to the disk drive default is 00 followed by 4x15 ii Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISK UNIT NUMBER and enter the drive where your disk is located followed by 4x15 iii If your storage disk is partitioned press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VOLUME NUMBER and enter the volume...

Page 182: ... for HPGL often times call HGL Two such applications from the Lotus R suite of products are the word processor AmiPro and the graphics presentation package Freelance Graphics Note Lotus applications are not supported by Hewlett Packard The following procedures are provided for informational use only Other applications or other versions of the same application may function di erently When viewed in...

Page 183: ...t paper type rotation landscape or portrait and pen colors You will probably need to change pen colors Note The network analyzer uses pen 7 for text The default color in Ami Pro for pen 7 is aqua which is not very readable against the typical white background You may want to change pen 7 to black 5 After all selections have been made the le is imported and rendered in a small graphics frame which ...

Page 184: ... pull down menu select FONT b Select the type face and size Fourteen point text is a good place to start c Click OK to resize the font If you wish to modify the color of the displayed text perform the following steps a From the ARRANGE pull down menu select UNGROUP b Highlight a piece of text c From the STYLE pull down menu select ATTRIBUTES d Select the desired text color and click OK e Repeat st...

Page 185: ...itors allow the inclusion of escape sequences For example in the MS DOS editor DOS 5 0 or greater press CNTRL P hold down the CTRL key and press P followed by the ESCape key to create the escape character 2 Name the le hpglinit Table 4 6 HPGL Initialization Commands Command Remark esc E conditional page eject esc 12A page size 8 5 x 11 esc l1O landscape orientation lower case l one capital O esc a...

Page 186: ...printer Step 4 Send the plot le to the printer Step 5 Send the exit HPGL mode and form feed sequence to the printer Outputting Single Page Plots Using a Printer You can output plot les to an HPGL compatible printer using the DOS command line and the les created in the previous steps This example assumes that the escape sequence les and the plot les are in the current directory and the selected pri...

Page 187: ... all the requested plot les to the spooler rem append the formfeed sequence to the spooler rem copy the le to the printer rem rem This routine uses COPY instead of PRINT because COPY rem will not return until the action is completed PRINT rem will queue the le so the subsequent DEL will likely rem generate an error COPY avoids this rem echo o type hpglinit spooler for i in 1 do type i spooler type...

Page 188: ...ur parts the rst three are generated automatically by the analyzer whenever a plot is requested The two digit sequence number is incremented by one each time a le with a default name is added to the directory Figure 4 9 Plot Filename Convention To Plot Multiple Measurements on a Full Page You may want to plot various les to the same page for example to show measurement data traces for di erent inp...

Page 189: ...rn the front panel knob to high light the name of the le that you just saved 9 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE UTILITIES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RENAME FILE and turn the front panel knob to place the pointer to the B character 10 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT LETTER NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE 11 Continue de ning plots and renaming the saved le ...

Page 190: ...D Figure 4 11 Plot Quadrants 4 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT The analyzer assigns the rst available default lename for the selected quadrant For example the analyzer would assign PLOT01LU if there were no other left upper quadrant plots on the disk 5 Make the next measurement that you want to see on your hardcopy 6 Repeat this procedure for the remaining plot les that you want to see as quadrants on a...

Page 191: ...t the previous two steps to enter the rest of the characters in your title You can enter a title that has a maximum of 50 characters Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BACK SPACE if you enter an incorrect character 6 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE to complete the title entry Note Titles may also be entered using the optional external keyboard Caution The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEWLINE and NNNNNNNN...

Page 192: ...NNNNNNNNN LIST and select the information that you want to appear on your hardcopy Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIST VALUES if you want a tabular listing of the measured data points and their current values to appear on your hardcopy This list will also include the limit test information if you have the limits function activated Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 193: ...r of measurement points that you have selected under the 4MENU5 key If You Want the Entire List of Values Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT ALL to print all pages of the listed values Note If you are printing the list of operating parameters only the rst four pages are printed The fth page system parameters is printed by displaying that page and then pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT Print...

Page 194: ... you are using a laser printer for plotting and the printer is outputting partial plots the printer may require more memory and or the page protection activated Note Consult your printer manual for information on upgrading memory and how to activate page protection Make sure that the analyzer address setting for the peripheral corresponds to the actual HP IB address of the peripheral The procedure...

Page 195: ...er is switched o the internal non volatile memory is retained by a battery The data retention time with the 3 V 1 2 Ah battery is as follows Temperature at 70 C 250 days 0 68 year characteristically Temperature at 40 C 1244 days 3 4 years characteristically Temperature at 25 C 10 years characteristically What You Can Save to a Floppy Disk You can save an instrument state and or measurement results...

Page 196: ...peci c analyzer settings that can be saved refer to the output commands located in the Command Reference chapter of the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide For an example program refer to Saving and Recalling Instruments States in the Programming Examples chapter of the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide 4 34 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results ...

Page 197: ... select one of the following Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER to allow the analyzer to control peripherals directly Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TALKER LISTENER to allow the computer controller to be involved in all peripheral access operations Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USE PASS CONTROL to allow...

Page 198: ...he raw data array you will have the most exibility in modifying the recalled measurement including the ability to view all four S parameters This is because the raw data array has the least amount of processing associated with it Conversely if you choose to save the format array your modi cation of the recalled measurement will be limited by all the processes that are associated with that measurem...

Page 199: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNN EXTERNAL DISK and then con gure as follows a Connect an external disk drive to the analyzer s HP IB connector and con gure as follows b Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISK UNIT NUMBER and enter the drive where your disk is located followed by 4x15 c If your storage disk is partitioned press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VOLUME NUMBER and ...

Page 200: ... PC format for DOS disks This makes the DOS data les half the size of the LIF les Note Selecting NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA ARRAY ON may store data to disk in the S2P ASCII data format See ASCII Data Formats If you select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRAPHICS ON the user graphics area is saved Refer to the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide for information on u...

Page 201: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SAVE USING ASCII NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SAVE STATE The template for component data les is as follows comment line frequency units parameter format Rn data line data line where indicates that all following on this line is a comment indicates that entries following on this line are parameters that are being speci ed frequency units GHz MHz kHz Hz parameter S...

Page 202: ...00000 061 411 111 97 0802 0 1977 0712 0 0521 051 102 97 546 9050000000 052 49 103 21 0828 0 2952 0764 0 1249 052 406 126 36 10050000000 064 291 35 461 0875 0 3213 0775 0 2252 059 417 85 038 11050000000 052 096 46 505 0918 0 4298 0770 0 2774 048 868 68 46 12050000000 049 648 78 573 0878 0 5232 0787 0 3364 050 699 77 157 13050000000 048 431 25 793 0805 0 5616 0751 0 4229 048 461 60 445 14050000000 0...

Page 203: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT DISK 2 Choose from the following storage devices NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INTERNAL MEMORY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INTERNAL DISK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EXTERNAL DISK 3 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN To Delete an Instrument State File Press the 4 5 4 5 keys or the front panel knob to high light the ...

Page 204: ...ename pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT LETTER when the arrow points to each character Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BACK SPACE if you enter an incorrect character After you have selected all the characters in the new lename press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE Note Renaming les may also be done by using the optional external keyboard Recalling a File 1 Press 4SAVE RECALL5 NN...

Page 205: ... sure that you are using a formatted disk Make sure that the disk has not been formatted with the LIF 1 hierarchical le system extensions as the analyzer does not support this format If You are Using an External Disk Drive Make sure that the analyzer is in system controller mode by pressing 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER Make sure that you have conn...

Page 206: ......

Page 207: ...quency response correction Frequency response and isolation correction One port re ection correction Full two port correction TRL and TRM error correction Modifying calibration kit standards Power meter measurement calibration Calibrating for noninsertable devices Adapter removal Matched adapters Modify the cal kit thru de nition Maintaining testport output power during sweep retrace Making accura...

Page 208: ...rconnecting Cables Cables connecting the device under test to the analyzer can contribute random errors to your measurement You should frequently do the following inspect for lossy cables inspect for damaged cable connectors practice good connector care techniques minimize cable position changes between error correction and measurements inspect for cables which dramatically change magnitude or pha...

Page 209: ...g electrical delay However using port extensions is the preferred method of compensating for test xture phase shift Table 5 1 explains the di erence between port extensions and electrical delay Table 5 1 Di erences between PORT EXTENSIONS and ELECTRICAL DELAY FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF PORT EXTENSIONS FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF ELECTRICAL DELAY Main E ect The end of a c...

Page 210: ...racteristics can be a ected by the following factors Adapting to a di erent connector type or impedance Connecting a cable between the test device and an analyzer test port Connecting any attenuator or other such device on the input or output of the test device If your test setup meets any of the conditions above the following system characteristics may be a ected amplitude at device input frequen...

Page 211: ...and load and thru 2 loads for isolation TRL LRM Transmission or re ection when highest accuracy is not required Directivity isolation frequency response forward and reverse Thru re ect line or line re ect match or thru re ect match Note Frequency response calibration is not as accurate as other calibration methods Error Correction Stimulus State Error correction is only valid for a speci c stimulu...

Page 212: ...ite amount of electrical delay that was used by the analyzer during calibration then the short calibration standard will appear to be perfect The open calibration standard has additional phase shift caused by fringing capacitance See Calibration Considerations in Chapter 6 Application and Operation Concepts Clarifying Type N Connector Sex When you are performing error correction for a system that ...

Page 213: ...ion frequency response and isolation correction one port re ection correction full two port correction TRL LRM correction modifying calibration kit standards power meter measurement calibration procedure Note If you are making measurements on uncoupled measurement channels you must make a correction for each channel Optimizing Measurement Results 5 7 ...

Page 214: ...cess the measurement error correction menus press 4CAL5 If your calibration kit is di erent than the kit speci ed under the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT softkey press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT CAL KIT select your type of kit NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN If your type of calibration kit is not listed in the displayed menu ref...

Page 215: ...nalyzer underlines the softkey that you selected after it nishes the measurement and computes the error coe cients Note This calibration allows only one standard to be measured If you press the wrong key for a standard start over with step 6 Do not use a thru standard for a re ection response correction Note You can save or store the measurement correction to use for later measurements that use th...

Page 216: ... select a response correction press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CALIBRATE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESPONSE 5 Make a thru connection between the points where you will connect your device under test Note Include any adapters or cables that you will have in the device measurement That is connect the standard device where you will connect your device under test Figure 5 ...

Page 217: ...ess 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER 405 4x15 3 Make a thru connection between the points where you will connect your device under test Note Include any adapters or cables that you will have in the device measurement That is connect the standard device where you will connect your device under test Figure 5 3 Standard Connections for Receiver Calibration 4 To choose a non ratioed measurement press 4M...

Page 218: ...the receiver calibration for transmission measurements You can connect and measure your device under test Note The accuracy of the receiver calibration will be nearly the same as the test port power accuracy and the test port power accuracy can be signi cantly improved by performing a power meter source calibration as described later in this chapter 5 12 Optimizing Measurement Results ...

Page 219: ... REV S22 B R 3 Set any other measurement parameters that you want for the device measurement power sweep type number of points IF bandwidth 4 To access the measurement correction menus press 4CAL5 5 If your calibration kit is di erent than the kit speci ed under the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT softkey press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 220: ...he test port 10 To measure the standard for the isolation portion of the correction press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ISOL N STD 11 To compute the response and directivity error coe cients press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE RESP ISOL N CAL The analyzer displays the corrected S11 or S22 data The analyzer also shows the notation Cor to the left of the scre...

Page 221: ... KIT select your type of kit If your type of calibration kit is not listed in the displayed menu refer to the Modifying Calibration Kit Standards procedure located later in this chapter 6 To select a response and isolation correction press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CALIBRATE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESPONSE ISOL N NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RES...

Page 222: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESUME CAL SEQUENCE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ISOL N STD 12 Return the averaging to the original state of the measurement For example reduce the averaging factor by at least four times or turn averaging o 13 To compute the isolation error coe cients press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESUME CAL SEQUENCE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 223: ...bandwidth 4 To access the measurement correction menus press 4CAL5 5 If your calibration kit is di erent than the kit speci ed under the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT softkey press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT CAL KIT select your type of kit NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN If your type of calibration kit is not listed in the displ...

Page 224: ...standard when the displayed trace has settled press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SHORT The analyzer measures the short circuit and underlines the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SHORT softkey 11 Disconnect the short and connect an impedance matched load to the test port 12 When the displayed trace settles press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD The analyzer measures the load and underlines the NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD softkey 13 To compute ...

Page 225: ... later measurements Refer to the Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results chapter for procedures 14 This completes the one port correction for re ection measurements You can connect and measure your device under test Optimizing Measurement Results 5 19 ...

Page 226: ...ection menus press 4CAL5 3 If your calibration kit is di erent than the kit speci ed under the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT softkey press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT CAL KIT select your type of kit NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN If your type of calibration kit is not listed in the displayed menu refer to the Modifying Calibrati...

Page 227: ...zer measures the load and underlines the NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD softkey 11 Repeat the open short load measurements described above but connect the devices in turn to PORT 2 and use the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REVERSE OPEN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REVERSE SHORT and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REVERSE LOAD softkeys Include any adapters that you would ...

Page 228: ...ce plane and terminated with a load for the isolation standard b Activate at least four times more averages than desired during the device measurement Note If loads can be connected to both port 1 and port 2 simultaneously then the following step can be performed using the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DO BOTH FWD REV softkey c Press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 229: ...disconnect the short and connect the TRL line from PORT 1 to PORT 2 8 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE MATCH NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DO BOTH FWD REV 9 The line data is measured and the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LN MATCH1 TRLLINE and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LN MATCH2 TRLLINE softkey labels are underlined 10...

Page 230: ...ER KIT as shown in Modifying Calibration Kit Standards located later in this section Note This must be done before performing the following sequence 2 Press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT CAL KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USER KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RETURN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CALIBRAT...

Page 231: ...ion measurement when the highest dynamic range is desired To perform the best isolation measurements you should reduce the system bandwidth and or activate the averaging function A poorly measured isolation class can actually degrade the overall measurement performance If you are in doubt of the isolation measurement quality you should omit the isolation portion of this procedure 14 You may repeat...

Page 232: ...standard class is a grouping of one or more standards that determines which of the eight standards are used at each step of the calibration For example standard number 2 makes up the S11A re ection class Outline of Standard Modi cation The following steps are used to modify or de ne user kit standard models contained in the analyzer memory It is not possible to alter the built in calibration kits ...

Page 233: ... any other standard Ensure that the correct load type is underlined NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXED NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLIDING or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET 8 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY OFFSET NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET DELAY and observe the value on the analyzer screen To change the value use the entry keys on the front panel 9 Repeat the value mod...

Page 234: ...procedure shows you how to de ne a calibration kit to utilize a set of TRL THRU REFLECT LINE standards This example TRL kit contains the following zero length THRU ush short for the REFLECT standard 0 second o set 50 ohm transmission line with 80 ps of o set delay for the LINE Note Hewlett Packard strongly recommends that you read product note 8510 8A before you attempt to modify the standard de n...

Page 235: ...essing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL STD and modifying the name to LINE 7 When the title area shows the new label press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD DONE DEFINED Assign the Standards to the Various TRL Classes 8 To assign the calibration standards to the various TRL calibration classes press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY...

Page 236: ...HRU REFLECT MATCH standards This example TRM kit contains the following zero length THRU ush short for the REFLECT standard 0 second o set 50 ohm termination for the MATCH in nite length line Note Hewlett Packard strongly recommends that you read product note 8510 8A before you attempt to modify the standard de nitions The part number of this product note is 5091 3645E Although the product note wa...

Page 237: ...e to MATCH 7 When the title area shows the new label press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD DONE DEFINED Assign the Standards to the Various TRM Classes 8 To assign the calibration standards to the various TRL calibration classes press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY CLASS NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 238: ...Change the label of the TRL THRU class to TRMTHRU 17 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL CLASS DONE Label the Calibration Kit 18 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABELKIT and create a label up to 8 characters long For this example enter TRM KIT1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE 19 To save the newly de ned kit into nonvolatile memory press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 239: ...cteristic Accuracy dB 2 1 33 60 7 5 2 64 60 2 3 95 60 1 1 48 60 7 015 2 92 60 2 3 123 60 1 1 194 60 7 030 2 360 60 2 3 447 60 1 1 Sweep speed applies to every sweep in continuous correction mode and to the rst sweep in sample and sweep mode Subsequent sweeps in sample and sweep mode will be much faster 2 The accuracy values were derived by combining the accuracy of the power meter and linearity of...

Page 240: ...orrection factor data points If you only enter one frequency segment the analyzer assumes that the single value is valid over the entire frequency range of the correction 7 After you have entered all the frequency segments press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE Editing Frequency Segments 1 Access the Segment Modify Menu by pressing 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 241: ...easured power loss values at several frequencies using up to 55 segments enhancing power accuracy 1 Press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOSS SENSR LISTS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER LOSS The analyzer shows the notation EMPTY if you have not entered any segment information 2 To create the rst segment press NNNNNNNNNNN ...

Page 242: ...R 4 Set the power meter s address NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESSES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS P MTR HPIB 4 5 4x15 5 Select the appropriate power meter by pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER MTR until the correct model number is displayed HP 436A or HP 438A 437 6 Set test port power to the approximate desired co...

Page 243: ... PWRMTR CAL OFF 10 Remove the power sensor from the analyzer test port and connect your test device Using Continuous Correction Mode You can set the analyzer to update the correction table at each sweep as in a leveling application using the continuous sample mode When the analyzer is in this mode it continuously checks power at every point in each sweep You must keep the power meter connected as ...

Page 244: ...he analyzer test port 1 3 To apply the one sweep mode press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL enter power level 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ONE SWEEP NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TAKE CAL SWEEP Note Because power meter calibration requires a longer sweep time you may want to reduce the number of points before pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 245: ... 10 Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices To use this method refer to Figure 5 10 and perform the following steps 1 Perform a transmission calibration using the rst adapter 2 Remove adapter A and place adapter B on port 2 Adapter B becomes the e ective test port 3 Perform a re ection calibration 4 Measure the test device with adapter B in place The errors remaining after calibration with this meth...

Page 246: ...easure the delay of the adapter by pressing 4FORMAT5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELAY 5 Divide the resulting delay measurement by 2 6 Determine the o set delay of the calibration short by examining the de ne standard menu see De ne Standard Menus 7 Subtract the short o set delay from the value calculated in step 5 This corresponds to the delay of adapter B 8 Modify the calibration kit thru de nition by ent...

Page 247: ...ot be connected directly into a transmission test con guration Therefore the device is considered to be noninsertable and one of the following calibration methods must be performed adapter removal matched adapters modify the cal kit thru de nition Figure 5 11 Noninsertable Device Optimizing Measurement Results 5 41 ...

Page 248: ...onnector type Speci ed electrical length of adapter A3 within 6 1 4 wavelength for the measurement frequency range For each port a separate 2 port error correction needs to be performed to create two calibration sets The adapter removal algorithm uses the resultant data from the two calibration sets and the nominal electrical length of the adapter to compute the adapter s actual S parameters This ...

Page 249: ... error correction using calibration standards appropriate for the connector type at port 1 Note When using adapter removal calibration you must save calibration sets to the internal disk not to internal memory 3 Save the results to disk Name the le PORT1 4 Connect adapter A3 to adapter A1 on port 1 See Figure 5 13 Optimizing Measurement Results 5 43 ...

Page 250: ...LP ADAPT REMOVAL This provides a quick reference guide to using the adapter removal technique NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL CAL SETS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER DELAY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER COAX NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER WAVEGUIDE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REMOVE ADAPTER 9 ...

Page 251: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER WAVEGUIDE 15 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REMOVE ADAPTER to complete the technique for calculating the new error coe cients and overwrite the current active calibration set in use 16 To save the results of the new cal set press 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT DISK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INTERNAL DISK or NNNNN...

Page 252: ...ter was not speci ed within a quarter wavelength over the frequency range of interest To correct this recall both cal sets since the data was previously stored to disk change the adapter delay and press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REMOVE ADAPTER 5 46 Optimizing Measurement Results ...

Page 253: ... performed for Port 1 s connector 130 140 OUTPUT Na TITF1 F10DCAL1 150 160 Recall the cal set for Port 1 170 180 OUTPUT Na CALSPORT1 190 200 Assign file 2 to the filename that has a 2 port 210 cal previously performed for Port 2 s connector 220 230 OUTPUT Na INTD TITF2 F20DCAL2 240 250 Recall the cal set for Port 2 260 270 OUTPUT Na CALSPORT2 280 290 Set the adapter electrical delay 300 310 OUTPUT...

Page 254: ...t channel The HP 8753D network analyzers do not sweep at a constant rate The frequency range is covered in several bands and the sweep rate may be di erent in each band So if an operator sets up a broadband sweep with the minimum sweep time the error in measuring a long device will be di erent in each band and the data will be discontinuous at each band edge This can produce confusing results whic...

Page 255: ...he di erence in delay times between the paths to the R channel and the B channel These times can be equalized by adding a length of cable to the R channel which has approximately the same delay as the device under test This length of cable can be inserted between the R CHANNEL IN and OUT connectors on the front panel of the analyzer The delay of this cable must be less than 5 s Optimizing Measurem...

Page 256: ...xternal calibration fast 2 port calibration mode To Decrease the Frequency Span The hardware of the network analyzer sweeps the frequency range in separate bands where switching from band to band takes time Modify the frequency span to eliminate as many band switches as possible while maintaining measurement integrity Refer to the following table to identify the analyzer s band switch points Table...

Page 257: ... is the default mode the preset mode This mode maintains the fastest sweep speed possible for the current measurement settings Press 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SWEEP TIME 405 4x15 to re enter the auto mode Optimizing Measurement Results 5 51 ...

Page 258: ...for the narrow span To Reduce the Averaging Factor By reducing the averaging factor number of sweeps or switching o averaging you can increase the analyzer s measurement speed The time needed to compute averages can also slow the sweep time slightly in narrow spans 1 Press 4AVG5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AVG FACTOR 2 Enter an averaging factor that is less than the value displayed on the ana...

Page 259: ...NNNNNNNNN SWEEP TYPE MENU 2 Select the sweep type Select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN FREQ for the fastest sweep for a given number of xed points Select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIST FREQ for the fastest sweep when speci c non linearly spaced frequency points are of interest Select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOG FREQ for the fastest sweep when the frequency points of interest are in the low...

Page 260: ...l cycling between the ports The fastest measurements can be made by using this type of test set switching Pressing the 4MEAS5 key or changing to a di erent S parameter measurement will cause the test set to switch and cycle between the ports Continuous In this mode the analyzer will switch between the test ports on every sweep Although this type of test set switching provides the greatest measurem...

Page 261: ...4 To enter the number of sweeps press 4X5 4x15 The analyzer will then display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST SET SW X SWEEPS Optimizing Measurement Results 5 55 ...

Page 262: ...e is the di erence between the analyzer s input level and its noise oor using the following techniques to lower the noise oor will increase the analyzer s dynamic range Changing System Bandwidth Each tenfold reduction in IF receiver bandwidth lowers the noise oor by 10 dB For example changing the IF bandwidth from 3 kHz to 300 Hz you will lower the noise oor by about 10 dB 1 Press 4AVG5 NNNNNNNNNN...

Page 263: ...5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IF BW 2 Enter the IF bandwidth value that you want followed by 4x15 Narrower system bandwidths cause longer sweep times When in auto sweep time mode the analyzer uses the fastest sweep time possible for any selected system bandwidth Auto sweep time mode is the default preset analyzer setting Reducing Receiver Crosstalk To reduce receiver crosstalk you can do the following perfo...

Page 264: ...pling For dual channel operation raw o sets should be turned o for each channel if the channels are uncoupled Spur avoidance is always coupled between channels therefore both channels are turned on or o at the same time Note Both functions must be turned o to realize the recall time savings The following table lists the recall state times with the raw o sets and spur avoidance functions on or o Ta...

Page 265: ...htly moves the frequency of both oscillators such that the source frequency remains the same but the spurious mixing products shift out of the measurement receiver range The calculation of the exact frequency points where the shifting must occur stored in the sampler o set table increases the time needed to change or recall instrument states Selecting NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S...

Page 266: ......

Page 267: ...documents Where to Look for More Information Additional information about many of the topics discussed in this chapter is located in the following areas Chapter 2 Making Measurements contains step by step procedures for making measurements or using particular functions Chapter 3 Mixer Measurements contains step by step procedures for making measurements of mixers Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement R...

Page 268: ...zer system A detailed block diagram of the analyzer is provided in the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Service Guide together with a theory of system operation Figure 6 1 Simpli ed Block Diagram of the Network Analyzer System The Built In Synthesized Source The analyzer s built in synthesized source produces a swept RF signal or CW continuous wave signal in the range of 30 kHz to 3 0 GHz The HP 8753D Op...

Page 269: ...r mixers for the R A and B inputs The signals are sampled and mixed to produce a 4 kHz IF intermediate frequency A multiplexer sequentially directs each of the three signals to the ADC analog to digital converter where it is converted from an analog to a digital signal The signals are then measured and processed for viewing on the display Both amplitude and phase information are measured simultane...

Page 270: ... following paragraphs describe the sequence of math operations and the resulting data arrays as the information ows from the ADC to the display They provide a good foundation for understanding most of the response functions and the order in which they are performed Figure 6 2 is a data processing ow diagram that represents the ow of numerical data from IF detection to display The data passes throu...

Page 271: ...verted nearly simultaneously IF Detection This detection occurs in the digital lter which performs the discrete Fourier transform DFT on the digital words The samples are converted into complex number pairs real plus imaginary R jX The complex numbers represent both the magnitude and phase of the IF signal If the AUX INPUT is selected the imaginary part of the pair is set to zero The DFT lter shap...

Page 272: ...h Operation This operation selects either the data array memory array or both to continue owing through the data processing path In addition the complex ratio of the two data memory or the di erence data0memory can also be selected If memory is displayed the data from the memory arrays goes through exactly the same processing ow path as the data from the data arrays Gating Option 010 Only This dig...

Page 273: ...oothing aperture which can be selected by the user The e ect is similar to video ltering If data and memory are displayed smoothing is performed on the memory trace only if smoothing was on when data was stored into memory Format Arrays The data processing results are now stored in the format arrays Notice in Figure 6 2 that the marker values and marker functions are all derived from the format ar...

Page 274: ...ve the other split display The dual channel and split display features are available in the display menus Refer to Display Menu later in this chapter for illustrations and descriptions of the di erent display capabilities Uncoupling Stimulus Values Between Channels You can uncouple the stimulus values between the two display channels by pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COUPLED...

Page 275: ...ther functions are activated the knob moves the active marker Figure 6 4 Entry Block Units Terminator The units terminator keys are the four keys in the right column of the keypad You must use these keys to specify units of numerical entries from the keypad A numerical entry is incomplete until a terminator is supplied The analyzer indicates that an input is incomplete by a data entry arrow pointi...

Page 276: ...is function to clear the display before printing or plotting This key also helps prevent changing active values accidentally by moving the knob 4 5 You can use this key to delete the last entry or the last digit entered from the numeric keypad You can also use this key in one of two ways for modifying a test sequence deleting a single key command that you may have pressed by mistake for example NN...

Page 277: ...splayed in the active entry area and can be changed with the knob step keys or numeric keypad Current stimulus values for the active channel are also displayed along the bottom of the graticule Frequency values can be blanked for security purposes using the display menus The preset stimulus mode is frequency and the start and stop stimulus values are set to 30 kHz and 3 GHz or 6 GHz with Option 00...

Page 278: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER MENU provides access to the trigger menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER of POINTS allows you to specify the number of measurement points per sweep NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MEASURE RESTART allows you to cause the current measurement to abort and a new measurement to begin With two port error correction activate...

Page 279: ...an be selected either manually or automatically Automatic mode If you select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWR RANGE AUTO you can enter any power level within the total operating range of the instrument and the source attenuator will automatically switch to the corresponding range Each range overlaps its adjacent ranges by 15 dB therefore certain power levels are designated to cause...

Page 280: ...or calibration and measurement to minimize the e ects of sampler compression or noise oor If you decide to switch power ranges the calibration is no longer valid and accuracy is no longer speci ed However the analyzer leaves the correction on even though it s invalid The annotation C will be displayed whenever you change the power after calibration Figure 6 6 Power Range Transitions in the Automat...

Page 281: ...hannel For the channel power to be uncoupled the other channel stimulus functions must also be uncoupled NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COUPLED CH OFF Test port coupling NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PORT POWER COUPLED toggles between coupled and uncoupled test ports With the test ports coupled the power level is the same at each port With the ports u...

Page 282: ...de When this mode is active the softkey label reads NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SWEEP TIME MANUAL This mode is engaged whenever you enter a sweep time greater than zero This mode allows you to select a xed sweep time If you change the measurement parameters such that the current sweep time is no longer possible the analyzer will automatically increase to the next fa...

Page 283: ...1000 Hz 300 Hz 100 Hz 30 Hz 10 Hz 11 0 0041 s 0 0055 s 0 012 s 0 037 s 0 108 s 0 359 s 1 14 s 51 0 0191 s 0 0255 s 0 060 s 0 172 s 0 504 s 1 660 s 5 30 s 101 0 0379 s 0 0505 s 0 120 s 0 341 s 0 998 s 3 300 s 10 5 s 201 0 0754 s 0 1005 s 0 239 s 0 679 s 1 990 s 6 600 s 20 9 s 401 0 1504 s 0 2005 s 0 476 s 1 355 s 3 960 s 13 10 s 41 7 s 801 0 3004 s 0 4005 s 0 951 s 2 701 s 7 910 s 26 10 s 83 3 s 16...

Page 284: ...unter to 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CONTINUOUS is the standard sweep mode The sweep is triggered automatically and continuously and the trace is updated with each sweep NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER TRIG OFF switches o external trigger mode NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EXT TRIG ON SWEEP is used when the sweep is triggered on an exter...

Page 285: ... display If averaging is on the test set hold mode does not engage until the speci ed number of sweeps is completed The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MEASURE RESTART and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER OF GROUPS see Trigger Menu softkeys can override this protection feature Allowing Repetitive Switching of the Attenuator The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 286: ...r of groups IF bandwidth sweep time trigger type gating parameters sweep type power meter calibration Coupling of stimulus values for the two channels is independent of NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CHAN on OFF in the display menu and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKERS UNCOUPLED in the marker mode menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 287: ...scribed later logarithmic frequency sweep list frequency sweep Linear Frequency Sweep Hz The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN FREQ softkey activates a linear frequency sweep that is displayed on a standard graticule with ten equal horizontal divisions This is the preset default sweep type For a linear sweep sweep time is combined with the channel s frequency span to compute a source sweep rate sweep...

Page 288: ...of increasing frequency It then measures each point and displays a single trace that is a composite of all data taken If duplicate frequencies exist the analyzer makes multiple measurements on identical points to maintain the speci ed number of points for each subsweep Since the frequency points may not be distributed evenly across the display the display resolution may be uneven and more compress...

Page 289: ...y be automatically changed if it is less than the minimum required for the current instrument con guration In time domain using Option 010 the CW time mode data is translated to frequency domain and the x axis becomes frequency In this mode the instrument can be used as a spectrum analyzer to measure signal purity or for low frequency 1 kHz analysis of amplitude or pulse modulation signals Selecti...

Page 290: ...erlap and do not have to be entered in any particular order The analyzer sorts the segments automatically and lists them on the display in order of increasing start frequency even if they are entered in center span format If duplicate frequencies exist the analyzer makes multiple measurements on identical points to maintain the speci ed number of points for each subsweep The data is shown on the d...

Page 291: ...unctions 4MARKER5 4MARKER FCTN5 display markers The current values for the major response functions of the active channel are displayed in speci c locations along the top of the display In addition certain functions accessed through the keys in this block are annotated in the status notations area at the left side of the display An illustration of the analyzer s display showing the locations of th...

Page 292: ...tation identi es these quantities using the numbering convention S out in where the rst number out refers to the test device port where the signal is emerging and the second number in is the test device port where the signal is incident For example the S parameter S21 identi es the measurement as the complex ratio of the signal emerging at the test device s port 2 to the signal incident at the tes...

Page 293: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Trans REV S12 A R NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Refl REV S22 B R NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ANALOG IN Aux Input NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CONVERSION provides access to the conversion menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INPUT PORTS provides access to...

Page 294: ...nce Conversions Note Avoid the use of Smith chart SWR and delay formats for display of Z and Y conversions as these formats are not easily interpreted Input Ports Menu This menu allows you to de ne the input ports for power ratio measurements or a single input for magnitude only measurements of absolute power You cannot use single inputs for phase or group delay measurements or any measurements wi...

Page 295: ...for the polar and Smith formats each providing several di erent marker types for readout of values The selected display format of a particular S parameter or input is assigned to that parameter Thus if di erent S parameters are measured even if only one channel is used each parameter is shown in its selected format each time it is displayed The illustrations below show a re ection measurement of a...

Page 296: ...frequency Figure 6 12 illustrates the phase response of the same lter in a phase only format Figure 6 12 Phase Format Group Delay Format The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELAY softkey selects the group delay format with marker values given in seconds Figure 6 13 shows the bandpass lter response formatted as group delay Group delay principles are described in the next few pages 6 30 Application and Operation ...

Page 297: ... in the Smith marker menu The Smith chart is most easily understood with a full scale value of 1 0 If the scale per division is less than 0 2 the format switches automatically to polar If the characteristic impedance of the system is not 50 ohms modify the impedance value recognized by the analyzer by pressing 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET Z0 the impedance value 4x15 An invert...

Page 298: ...rom the center which has zero value and the phase by the angle counterclockwise from the positive x axis Magnitude is scaled in a linear fashion with the value of the outer circle usually set to a ratio value of 1 Since there is no frequency axis frequency information is read from the markers The default marker readout for the polar format is in linear magnitude and phase A log magnitude marker an...

Page 299: ... of conversion parameters and time domain transform data Figure 6 16 Linear Magnitude Format SWR Format The NNNNNNNNNNN SWR softkey reformats a re ection measurement into its equivalent SWR standing wave ratio value see Figure 6 17 SWR is equivalent to 1 1 0 where is the re ection coe cient Note that the results are valid only for re ection measurements If the SWR format is used for measurements o...

Page 300: ... for analyzing responses in the time domain and also to display an auxiliary input voltage signal for service purposes Figure 6 18 Real Format Imaginary Format The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IMAGINARY softkey displays only the imaginary reactive portion of the measured data on a Cartesian format This format is similar to the real format except that reactance data is displayed on the trace inste...

Page 301: ...6 19 Figure 6 19 Constant Group Delay Note however that the phase characteristic typically consists of both linear and higher order deviations from linear components The linear component can be attributed to the electrical length of the test device and represents the average signal transit time The higher order components are interpreted as variations in transit time for di erent frequencies and r...

Page 302: ... variations in group delay This loss of detail is the reason that in any comparison of group delay data it is important to know the aperture that was used to make the measurement Figure 6 22 Variations in Frequency Aperture In determining the group delay aperture there is a tradeo between resolution of ne detail and the e ects of noise Noise can be reduced by increasing the aperture but this will ...

Page 303: ...up delay aperture varies depending on the frequency spacing and point density therefore the aperture is not constant in log and list frequency sweep modes In list frequency mode extra frequency points can be de ned to ensure the desired aperture To obtain a readout of aperture values at di erent points on the trace turn on a marker Then press 4AVG5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 304: ...ELAY with cut o frequency in order to identify which type of transmission line the delay is being added to Electrical delay simulates a variable length lossless transmission line which can be added to or removed from a receiver input to compensate for interconnecting cables etc This function is similar to the mechanical or analog line stretchers of other network analyzers Delay is annotated in uni...

Page 305: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP WARN on OFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADJUST DISPLAY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN D2 D1 TO D2 on OFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY BLANK The analyzer has two available memory traces one per channel Memory traces are totally channel dependent channel 1 cannot access...

Page 306: ... By decoupling the channel power or port power and using the dual channel mode you can simultaneously view two measurements having di erent power levels However there are two con gurations that may not appear to function properly 1 Channel 1 requires one attenuation value and channel 2 requires a di erent value Since one attenuator is used for both testports this would cause the attenuator to cont...

Page 307: ...ep range is di erent between the data and memory traces trace math is allowed and no warning message is displayed If the number of points in the two traces is di erent the memory trace is not displayed nor rescaled However if the number of points for the data trace is changed back to the number of points in the memory the memory trace can then be displayed If trace math or display memory is reques...

Page 308: ...softkey within the adjust display menu provides access to the modify colors menu The modify colors menu allows you to adjust the colors on your analyzer s display The default colors in this instrument have been scienti cally chosen to maximize your ability to discern the di erence between the colors and to comfortably and e ectively view the colors These colors are recommended for normal use becau...

Page 309: ...eness of the color A scale from white to pure color The most frequently occurring color de ciency is the inability to distinguish red yellow and green from one another Confusion between these colors can usually be eliminated by increasing the brightness between the colors To accomplish this press the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BRIGHTNESS softkey and turn the analyzer front panel knob If addi...

Page 310: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IF BW Averaging Averaging computes each data point based on an exponential average of consecutive sweeps weighted by a user speci ed averaging factor Each new sweep is averaged into the trace until the total number of sweeps is equal to the averaging factor for a fully averaged trace Each point on the trace is the vector sum of the current trace data and the data from the previou...

Page 311: ...ill cause shifts in amplitude since a vector average is being computed Figure 6 25 illustrates the e ect of smoothing on a log magnitude format trace Figure 6 25 E ect of Smoothing on a Trace IF Bandwidth Reduction IF bandwidth reduction lowers the noise oor by digitally reducing the receiver input bandwidth It works in all ratio and non ratio modes It has an advantage over averaging as it reliabl...

Page 312: ...arker statistics function which computes the average value of part or all of the formatted trace If your instrument is equipped with Option 085 High Power System another way of increasing dynamic range is to increase the input power to the test device using a booster ampli er 6 46 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 313: ... can be controlled with the knob the step keys or the numeric keypad The active marker can be moved to any point on the trace and its response and stimulus values are displayed at the top right corner of the graticule for each displayed channel in units appropriate to the display format The displayed marker response values are valid even when the measured data is above or below the range displayed...

Page 314: ...umber on the trace The marker values displayed in this mode are the stimulus and response values of the active marker minus the reference marker If the active marker is also designated as the reference marker the marker values are zero Fixed Marker Menu The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXED MKR POSTION softkey within the delta mode menu provides access to the xed marker m...

Page 315: ...apability of searching for a speci ed bandwidth is also provided Tracking is available for a continuous sweep to sweep search If there is no occurrence of a speci ed value or bandwidth the message TARGET VALUE NOT FOUND is displayed Target Menu The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TARGET softkey within the marker search menu provides access to the target menu This menu lets you place the marker at a speci ed ...

Page 316: ...t also known as measurement calibration or error correction provides the means to simulate a nearly perfect measurement system For example crosstalk due to the channel isolation characteristics of the analyzer can contribute an error equal to the transmission signal of a high loss test device For re ection measurements the primary limitation of dynamic range is the directivity of the test setup Th...

Page 317: ...ity source match load match isolation crosstalk and frequency response tracking Each of these systematic errors is described below Random and drift errors cannot be precisely quanti ed so they must be treated as producing a cumulative uncertainty in the measured data Directivity Normally a device that can separate the reverse from the forward traveling waves a directional bridge or coupler is used...

Page 318: ...is a factor in both transmission and re ection measurements Source match is a particular problem in measurements where there is a large impedance mismatch at the measurement plane For example re ection devices such as lters with stop bands Load Match Load match error results from an imperfect match at the output of the test device It is caused by impedance mismatches between the test device output...

Page 319: ... analyzer system isolation is more than su cient for most measurements and correction for it may be unnecessary For measuring devices with high dynamic range accuracy enhancement can provide improvements in isolation that are limited only by the noise oor Generally the isolation falls below the noise oor therefore when performing an isolation calibration you should use a noise reduction function s...

Page 320: ...ident signal does not always reach the unknown see Figure 6 33 Some of I may appear at the measurement system input due to leakage through the test set or through a signal separation device Also some of I may be re ected by imperfect adapters between a signal separation device and the measurement plane The vector sum of the leakage and the miscellaneous re ections is the e ective directivity EDF U...

Page 321: ...ce the source cannot be exactly leveled at the test device input leveling cannot eliminate all power variations This re re ection e ect and the resultant incident power variation are caused by the source match error ESF see Figure 6 34 Figure 6 34 Source Match ESF Frequency response tracking error is caused by variations in magnitude and phase atness versus frequency between the test and reference...

Page 322: ...ally measures directivity see Figure 6 36 Perfect load implies a re ectionless termination at the measurement plane All incident energy is absorbed With S11A 0 the equation can be solved for EDF the directivity term In practice of course the perfect load is di cult to achieve although very good broadband loads are available in the HP 8753D compatible calibration kits Figure 6 36 Perfect Load Termi...

Page 323: ...third independent condition In order to accurately model the phase variation with frequency due to fringing capacitance from the open connector a specially designed shielded open circuit is used for this step The open circuit capacitance is di erent with each connector type Now the values for EDF directivity ESF source match and ERF re ection frequency response are computed and stored see Figure 6...

Page 324: ...Figure 6 39 Open Circuit Termination This completes the calibration procedure 6 58 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 325: ...nated in the system characteristic impedance This termination should have as low a re ection coe cient as the load used to determine directivity The additional re ection error caused by an improper termination at the test device s output port is not incorporated into the one port error model Two Port Error Model The error model for measurement of the transmission coe cients magnitude and phase of ...

Page 326: ...nce the test setup transmission return port is never exactly the characteristic impedance some of the transmitted signal is re ected from the test set port 2 and from other mismatches between the test device output and the receiver input to return to the test device A portion of this signal may be re re ected at port 2 thus a ecting S21M or part may be transmitted through the device in the reverse...

Page 327: ...onse is then measured with the thru connected The data is corrected for source and load match e ects then stored as transmission frequency response ETF Note It is very important that the exact electrical length of the thru be known Most calibration kits assume a zero length thru For some connection types such as Type N this implies one male and one female port If the test system requires a non zer...

Page 328: ...mission Tracking ETF and ETR Re ection Tracking ERF and ERR The analyzer s test set can measure both the forward and reverse characteristics of the test device without you having to manually remove and physically reverse the device The full two port error model illustrated in Figure 6 45 depicts how the analyzer e ectively removes both the forward and reverse error terms for transmission and re ec...

Page 329: ...atics for this comprehensive model use all forward and reverse error terms and measured values Thus to perform full error correction for any one parameter all four S parameters must be measured Applications of these error models are provided in the calibration procedures described in Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results Application and Operation Concepts 6 63 ...

Page 330: ...xist due to limitations of dynamic accuracy test set switch repeatability and test cable stability These combined with random errors also contribute to total system measurement uncertainty Therefore after accuracy enhancement procedures are performed residual measurement uncertainties remain 6 64 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 331: ...ressed The change in trace during measurement of a standard is normal Response and response and isolation calibrations require measurement of only one standard device If more than one device is measured only the data for the last device is retained Omitting Isolation Calibration Isolation calibration can be omitted for most measurements except where high dynamic range is a consideration Use the fo...

Page 332: ...bration Standards In order for the response of a reference standard to show as a dot on the smith chart display format it must have no phase shift with respect to frequency Standards that exhibit such perfect response are the following 7 mm short with no o set type N male short with no o set There are two reasons why other types of reference standards show phase shift after calibration The referen...

Page 333: ...exhibit a phase shift over frequency due to fringe capacitance O set open circuits have increased phase shift because the o set acts as a small length of transmission line Refer to Table 6 3 Table 6 3 Calibration Standard Types and Expected Phase Shift Test Port Connector Type Standard Type Expected Phase Shift 7 mm Short 180 Type N male 3 5 mm male O set Short 180 360 2f 2 l c 3 5 mm female 2 4 m...

Page 334: ...Figure 6 47 Typical Responses of Calibration Standards after Calibration 6 68 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 335: ... be made in measurement accuracy by using a more complete calibration routine Figure 6 48a shows a measurement in log magnitude format with a response calibration only Figure 6 48b shows the improvement in the same measurement using an S11 one port calibration Figure 6 49a shows the measurement on a Smith chart with response calibration only and Figure 6 49b shows the same measurement with an S11 ...

Page 336: ...Chart Figure 6 50 shows the response of a device in a log magnitude format using a response calibration in Figure 6 50a and a full two port calibration in Figure 6 50b Figure 6 50 Response versus Full Two Port Calibration 6 70 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 337: ...IONS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VELOCITY FACTOR NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET Z NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST SET SW NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ALTERNATE A and B NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CHOP A and B Ensuring a Valid Calibration Unless interpolated error correction is on measurement calibrations are valid only for a...

Page 338: ...greater than 180 per approximately 5 measurement points interpolated error correction o ers a great improvement over uncorrected measurements The accuracy of interpolated error correction improves as the phase shift and amplitude change between adjacent points decrease When you use the analyzer in linear frequency sweep perform the original calibration with at least 67 points per 1 GHz of frequenc...

Page 339: ...rrors in transmission measurements or frequency response and directivity errors in re ection measurements This procedure may be adequate for measurement of well matched high loss devices S11 and S22 One Port Calibration The S11 and S22 one port calibration procedures activated by pressing the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11 1 PORT or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S22 1 PORT softkey within ...

Page 340: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRL LRM 2 PORT softkey within the calibrate menu provides the ability to make calibrations using the TRL or LRM method For more information refer to TRL LRM Calibration located later in this section 6 74 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 341: ...N SAVE USER KIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MODIFY The Select Cal Kit Menu Pressing the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT CAL KIT softkey within the cal kit menu provides access to the select cal kit menu This menu allows you to select from several default calibration kits that have di erent connector types These kits have prede ned standards and are valid for most applic...

Page 342: ...member that the more closely the model describes the actual performance of the standard the better the calibration Example The 7 mm load is determined to be 50 4 ohms instead of 50 0 ohms De nitions The following are de nitions of terms A standard represented by a number 1 8 is a speci c well de ned physical device used to determine systematic errors For example standard 1 is a short in the 3 5 mm...

Page 343: ...ugh the numbering sequences are arbitrary confusion can be minimized by using consistency However standard 5 is always a sliding load NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY CLASS leads to the specify class menu After the standards are modi ed use this key to specify a class to group certain standards NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL CLASS leads to the label class menu to give t...

Page 344: ... standards can be listed in Table 6 4 Table 6 4 Standard De nitions System Z0 a Calibration Kit Label Disk File Name STANDARDb C0e 210015 F C1e 210027 F Hz C2e 210036 F Hz2 C3e 210045 F Hz3 FIXEDc SLIDING or OFFSET TERMd IMPED OFFSET FREQ GHz COAX or WG STND LABEL NO TYPE DELAY s Z0 LOSS s MIN MAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 aEnsure system Z0 of network analyzer is set to this value bOpen short load delay thr...

Page 345: ...polynomial as a function of frequency where the polynomial coe cients are user de nable The capacitance model equation is C C0 C1 2 F C2 2 F2 C3 2 F3 where F is the measurement frequency The terms in the equation are de ned with the specify open menu as follows NNNNNNNN C0 allows you to enter the C0 term which is the constant term of the cubic polynomial and is scaled by 10015 Farads NNNNNNNN C1 a...

Page 346: ...een the standard being de ned and the actual measurement plane Example a waveguide short circuit terminator o set by a short length of waveguide For re ection standards the o set is assumed to be between the measurement plane and the standard one way only For transmission standards the o set is assumed to exist between the two reference planes in e ect the o set is the thru Three characteristics o...

Page 347: ...y o sets NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WAVEGUIDE de nes the standard and the o set as rectangular waveguide This causes the analyzer to assume a dispersive delay see NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET DELAY above Label Standard Menu This menu allows you to label reference individual standards during the menu driven measurement calibration sequence The labels are user de nable using a ch...

Page 348: ... When a certain class of standards is required during calibration the analyzer will display the labels for all the standards in that class except when the class consists of a single standard This does not however mean that all standards in a class must be measured during calibration Unless band limited standards are used only a single standard per class is required Note It is often simpler to keep...

Page 349: ...E allows you to enter the standard numbers for a response calibration This calibration corrects for frequency response in either re ection or transmission measurements depending on the parameter being measured when a calibration is performed For default kits the standard is either the open or short for re ection measurements or the thru for transmission measurements NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 350: ... device must not be one of the calibration standards measurement of one of these standards is merely a measure of repeatability To achieve more complete veri cation of a particular measurement calibration accurately known veri cation standards with a diverse magnitude and phase response should be used National standard traceable or HP standards are recommended to achieve veri able measurement accu...

Page 351: ...the desired measurement plane of the device In microstrip a short circuit is inductive an open circuit radiates energy and a high quality purely resistive load is di cult to produce over a broad frequency range The Thru Re ect Line TRL 2 port calibration is an alternative to the traditional SOLT Full 2 port calibration technique that utilizes simpler more convenient standards for device measuremen...

Page 352: ...that the forward source match ESF and reverse load match ELR are both represented by 11 while the reverse source match ESR and forward load match ELF are both represented by 22 In order to solve for these eight unknown TRL error terms eight linearly independent equations are required The rst step in the TRL 2 port calibration process is the same as the transmission step for a Full 2 port calibrati...

Page 353: ...al measurements are required to solve for the isolation terms EXF and EXR Isolation is characterized in the same manner as the Full 2 port calibration Forward and reverse isolation are measured as the leakage or crosstalk from port 1 to port 2 with each port terminated The isolation part of the calibration is generally only necessary when measuring high loss devices greater than 70 dB Note If an i...

Page 354: ... completely remove the e ects due to the mismatch of the xture Note Because the TRL technique relies on the characteristic impedance of transmission lines the mathematically equivalent method LRM for line re ect match may be substituted for TRL Since a well matched termination is in essence an in nitely long transmission line it is well suited for low RF frequency calibrations Achieving a long lin...

Page 355: ...ved by the attenuators Although the xed attenuators improve the raw mismatch of the network analyzer system they also degrade the overall measurement dynamic range This e ective mismatch of the system after calibration has the biggest e ect on re ection measurements of highly re ective devices Likewise for well matched devices the e ects of mismatch are negligible This can be shown by the followin...

Page 356: ...If the re ect is used to set the reference plane the phase response must be well known and speci ed LINE MATCH LINE Z0 of the line establishes the reference impedance of the measurement i e S11 S22 0 The calibration impedance is de ned to be the same as Z0 of the line If the Z0 is known but not the desired value i e not equal to 50 the SYSTEMS Z0 selection under the TRL LRM options menu is used In...

Page 357: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET Z0 is not used in the calculations in that it is determined by the line standard The re ection coe cient magnitude should optimally be 1 0 but need not be known since the same re ection coe cient magnitude must be applied to both ports The thru standard may be a zero length or known length of transmission line The value of length must be converted to electrical ...

Page 358: ... MHz f2 MHz let f1 1000 MHz f2 2000 MHz VF Velocity Factor 1 for this example Thus the length to initially check is 5 cm Next use the following to verify the insertion phase at f1 and f2 P hase degrees 360 2 f 2l v where f frequency l length of line v velocity speed of light 2 velocity factor which can be reduced to the following using frequencies in MHz and length in centimeters P hase degrees ap...

Page 359: ...ith contacts that are at a xed physical distance from each other For information on how to modify calibration constants for TRL LRM and how to perform a TRL or TRM calibration refer to Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurement Results TRL Options The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRL LRM OPTION softkey provides access to the TRL LRM options menu There are two selections under this menu NNNNN...

Page 360: ...y the reference plane will be established in the middle of the thru The re ect standard may be used to set the reference plane instead of the thru provided the phase response o set delay reactance values and standard type of the re ect standard is known and is speci ed in the calibration kit de nition Note Dispersion E ects Dispersion occurs when a transmission medium exhibits a variable propagati...

Page 361: ...ence for receiver power calibration Calibrated Power Level By setting the analyzer calibrated power to the desired value at the power meter this power level will be maintained at that port during the entire sweep First set the source power so that the power at the test device is approximately correct This reduces residual power errors when only one reading is taken Refer to NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 362: ...ecreased to re ect the new power level Some accuracy is lost when this occurs Power Meter Calibration Modes of Operation Continuous Sample Mode Each Sweep You can set the analyzer to update the correction table at each point for sweep as in a leveling application using the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EACH SWEEP softkey In this mode the analyzer checks the power level at every frequency point ...

Page 363: ...nd measuring the test device see Figure 6 55 The speed of the calibration will be slow while power meter readings are taken see Table 6 6 However once the sample sweep is nished subsequent sweeps are power corrected using the data table and sweep speed increases signi cantly Once the initial sweep is taken sample and sweep correction is much faster than continuous sample correction If the calibrat...

Page 364: ...eed and accuracy of a power meter calibration vary depending on the test setup and the measurement parameters For example number of points number of readings if the power is less than 020 dBm continuous versus sample and sweep mode Accuracy is improved if you set the source power such that it is approximately correct at the measurement port Power meter calibration should then be turned on With num...

Page 365: ...ower meter calibration measures the source power output at the measurement port at a single stimulus point and compares it to the calibrated power you selected If the two values are di erent power meter calibration changes the source output power by the di erence This process is repeated at every stimulus point The accuracy of the result depends on the amount of correction required If the selected...

Page 366: ...urements or full two port calibrations this mode takes twice as long as the chop mode to make these measurements Chop NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CHOP A and B is the default measurement mode This mode measures both inputs A and B during each sweep Thus if each channel is measuring a di erent parameter and both channels are displayed the chop mode o ers the fastest measurement time This ...

Page 367: ...l length of the adapter to compute the adapters actual S parameters This data is then used to generate a separate third cal set in which the forward and reverse match and tracking terms are as if Port 1 and Port 2 could be connected This is possible because the actual S parameters of the adapter are measured with great accuracy thus allowing the e ects of the adapter to be completely removed when ...

Page 368: ...e domain operation and instrument modes 4LOCAL5 HP IB controller modes instrument addresses and the use of the parallel port 4SEQ5 Test sequencing Information on the remaining instrument state keys can be found in the following chapters 4PRESET5 Chapter 12 Preset State and Memory Allocation 4COPY5 Chapter 4 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results 4SAVE RECALL5 Chapter 4 Printing Plotting ...

Page 369: ...here you can enter the HP IB addresses of peripheral devices and select plotter printer ports You can also set the mode of the parallel port here The HP IB menu consists of the following softkeys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TALKER LISTENER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USE PASS CONTROL ...

Page 370: ...n be used in this remote operation mode except for control of the power line switch and some internal tests Pass Control Mode The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN USE PASS CONTROL softkey activates the third mode of HP IB operation the pass control mode In an automated system with a computer controller the controller can pass control of the bus to the analyzer on request from the...

Page 371: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARALLEL softkey you can select either the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COPY mode or the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GPIO mode The Copy Mode The copy mode allows the parallel port to be connected to a printer or plotter for the outputting of test results To use the parallel port for printing or plotting you must do the following 1 Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 372: ...t types Limit testing compares the measured data with the de ned limits and provides pass or fail information for each measured data point An out of limit test condition is indicated in ve ways with a FAIL message on the screen with a beep by changing the color of the failing portions of a trace with an asterisk in tabular listings of data and with a bit in the HP IB event status register B The an...

Page 373: ...The ending stimulus value is the start value of the next segment or a segment can be terminated with a single point segment You can enter limit values as upper and lower limits or delta limits and middle value As new limit segments are de ned the tabular listing is updated If limit lines are switched on they are shown on the display If no limits have been de ned the table of limit values shows the...

Page 374: ...ue This is useful for changing the limits to correspond with a change in the test setup or for device speci cations that di er in stimulus or amplitude It can also be used to move the limit lines away from the data trace temporarily for visual examination of trace detail 6 108 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 375: ...analyzer and is active after you press 4PRESET5 or switch on the AC power Pressing 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INSTRUMENT MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NETWORK ANALYZER returns the analyzer to the normal network analyzer operating mode This mode uses the analyzer s internal source External Source Mode This mode allows the analyzer to phase loc...

Page 376: ...s faster than the auto mode The auto mode searches for the incoming CW signal The capture range is typically 10 of the selected CW frequency This feature works only in CW time sweep type The incoming signal should not have large spurs or sidebands as the analyzer may phase lock on a spur or not phase lock at all The frequency the instrument has locked onto is shown on the analyzer and is also avai...

Page 377: ...e Range Automatic 50 MHz 65 MHz of nominal CW frequency 50 MHz 610 of nominal CW frequency Manual All 00 5 to 5 MHz of nominal CW frequency If the incoming signal is not within the capture range the analyzer will not phase lock correctly Locking onto a signal with a frequency modulation component Although the analyzer may phase lock onto a signal that has FM it may not accurately show the signal s...

Page 378: ... the frequency o set in any sweep type in network analyzer mode The two user de ned variables in this mode are receiver frequency and o set frequency LO The analyzer automatically sets the source frequency equal to IF LO or IF 0 LO Mixer measurements and frequency o set mode applications are explained in application note 8753 2 RF Component Measurements Mixer Measurements using the HP 8753B Networ...

Page 379: ... Frequency LO This frequency value is the di erence between the source and receiver frequencies Note The analyzer s source locks to the receiver 6 the LO frequency regardless of the o set value you selected Once the source is phase locked and sweeping the analyzer s source frequency is not known precisely As the LO frequency changes the source tracks it to maintain the receiver start stop or CW fr...

Page 380: ...uirement Error Message If you connect your test device before you switch on the frequency o set function the error message PHASE LOCK CAL FAILED appears on the screen This is normal and will disappear when you press the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQ OFFS on OFF softkey Spurious Signal Passband Frequencies Unwanted mixing products or spurious LO signals at speci c frequenc...

Page 381: ...yzer measures the fundamental on channel 1 while measuring the second or third harmonic in dBc on channel 2 Using the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COUPLE PWR ON off feature the analyzer couples power between channels 1 and 2 This is useful when you are using the D2 D1 to D2 feature because you can change fundamental power and see the resultant change in the harmonic power ...

Page 382: ...instrument or system 3 or 6 GHz and by the harmonic being displayed The 6 GHz operation requires an HP 8753D Option 006 Table 6 8 shows the highest fundamental frequency for maximum frequency and harmonic mode Table 6 8 Maximum Fundamental Frequency using Harmonic Mode Harmonic Measured Maximum Fundamental Frequency HP 8753D HP 8753D Option 006 2nd Harmonic 1 5 GHz 3 GHz 3rd Harmonic 1 0 GHz 2 0 G...

Page 383: ...ing 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM MENU This menu consists of the following softkeys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM ON off NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET FREQ LOW PASS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOW PASS IMPULSE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOW PASS STEP NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 384: ...ponses of a test device The frequency domain re ection measurement is the composite of all the signals re ected by the discontinuities present in the test device over the measured frequency range Note In this section all points of re ection are referred to as discontinuities Figure 6 61 Device Frequency Domain and Time Domain Re ection Responses The time domain measurement shows the e ect of each ...

Page 385: ... NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VELOCITY FACTOR 2 Enter a velocity factor between 0 and 1 0 1 0 corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum Most cables have a velocity factor of 0 66 polyethylene dielectrics or 0 70 te on dielectrics Note To cause the markers to read the actual one way distance to a discontinuity rather than the two way distance enter one hal...

Page 386: ...sponse horizontal axis In bandpass re ection measurements the horizontal axis represents the time it takes for an impulse launched at the test port to reach a discontinuity and return to the test port the two way travel time In Figure 6 61 each connector is a discontinuity Interpreting the bandpass re ection response vertical axis The quantity displayed on the vertical axis depends on the selected...

Page 387: ...ote that in time domain transmission measurements the value displayed is the actual delay not x2 The marker provides the propagation delay in both time and distance Marker 2 in Figure 6 63a indicates the main path response through the test device which has a propagation delay of 655 6 ns or about 196 5 meters in electrical length Marker 4 in Figure 6 63b indicates the triple travel path response a...

Page 388: ...unction automatically the stop frequency is set close to the entered stop frequency and the start frequency is set equal to stop n If the low end of the measurement frequency range is critical it is best to calculate approximate values for the start and stop frequencies before pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET FREQ LOW PASS and calibrating This avoids distortion of...

Page 389: ... mode the frequency domain data is taken at harmonically related frequencies and extrapolated to dc Because this results in the inverse Fourier transform having only a real part the imaginary part is zero the most useful low pass step mode format in this application is the real format It displays the response in re ection coe cient units This mode is similar to the traditional TDR response which d...

Page 390: ...mulated Low Pass Step and Impulse Response Waveforms Real Format Figure 6 66 shows example cables with discontinuities faults using the low pass step mode with the real format 6 124 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 391: ...alyzer Option 006 The step input shown in Figure 6 67 is the inverse Fourier transform of the frequency domain response of a thru measured at calibration The step rise time is proportional to the highest frequency in the frequency domain sweep the higher the frequency the faster the rise time The frequency sweep in Figure 6 67 is from 10 MHz to 1 GHz Figure 6 67 also illustrates the time domain lo...

Page 392: ...nse vertical axis In the real format the vertical axis displays the transmission response in real units for example volts For the ampli er example in Figure 6 67 if the ampli er input is a step of 1 volt the output 2 4 nanoseconds after the step indicated by marker 1 is 5 84 volts In the log magnitude format the ampli er gain is the steady state value displayed after the initial transients die out...

Page 393: ...25 because only half the incident voltage reached the second discontinuity Note This example assumes a loss less transmission line Real transmission lines with non zero loss attenuate signals as a function of the distance from the reference plane As an example of masking due to line loss consider the time domain response of a 3 dB attenuator and a short circuit The impulse response log magnitude f...

Page 394: ...s the ability to resolve between two closely spaced responses The e ects of the nite impulse width cannot be improved without increasing the frequency span of the measurement see Table 6 11 Figure 6 70 Impulse Width Sidelobes and Windowing Sidelobes The impulse sidelobes limit the dynamic range of the time domain measurement by hiding low level responses within the sidelobes of higher level respon...

Page 395: ...me as low pass impulse sidelobe levels Choose one of the three window shapes listed in Table 6 11 Or you can use the knob to select any windowing pulse width or rise time for a step stimulus between the softkey values The time domain stimulus sidelobe levels depend only on the window selected NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MINIMUM is essentially no window Consequently it gives the highest sidelobes NNNNN...

Page 396: ...cy data points Measurement range number of points 01 frequency span Hz example Measurement 201 points 1 MHz to 2 001 GHz Range 1 1F or number of points 0 1 frequency span 1 10 2 106 or 201 0 1 2 2109 100 21009 seconds Electrical length range 2 the speed of light 3 2 108 m s 100 21009 s 2 3 2108 m s 30 meters In this example the range is 100 ns or 30 meters electrical length To prevent the time dom...

Page 397: ...span two equal responses can be distinguished when they are separated by at least 2 94 cm Using the low pass mode the low pass frequencies are slightly di erent with a minimum windowing function you can distinguish two equal responses that are about 1 38 centimeters or more apart For re ection measurements which measure the two way time to the response divide the response resolution by 2 Using the...

Page 398: ...u may with these limitations in mind choose to use a frequency span that is wider than the test device bandwidth to achieve better resolution Range resolution Time domain range resolution is de ned as the ability to locate a single response in time If only one response is present range resolution is a measure of how closely you can pinpoint the peak of that response The range resolution is equal t...

Page 399: ...ermination We want to remove the e ect of the connector so that we can see the frequency response of just the airline and termination Figure 6 74c shows the gate applied to the connector discontinuity Figure 6 74d shows the frequency response of the airline and termination with the connector gated out Figure 6 74 Sequence of Steps in Gating Operation Setting the gate Think of a gate as a bandpass ...

Page 400: ...round the desired portion of the time domain trace Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain The analyzer can display the amplitude and phase of CW signals versus time For example use this mode for measurements such as ampli er gain as a function of warm up time i e drift The analyzer can display the measured parameter e g ampli er gain for periods of up to 24 hours and then outp...

Page 401: ...y of 0 Hz the CW frequency 250 MHz in the example is in the center of the display If the center frequency entered is a positive value the CW frequency shifts to the right half of the display a negative value shifts it to the left half of the display The span value entered with the transform on is the total frequency span shown on the display Alternatively the frequency display values can be entere...

Page 402: ... on the display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AMPLITUDE displays only the amplitude modulation as illustrated in Figure 6 78a NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PHASE displays only the phase modulation as shown in Figure 6 78b Figure 6 78 Separating the Amplitude and Phase Components of Test Device Induced Modulation Forward transform range In the forward transform from CW time to the frequency domain range is de ...

Page 403: ... Measurement To increase the frequency domain measurement range increase the span The maximum range is inversely proportional to the sweep time therefore it may be necessary to increase the number of points or decrease the sweep time Because increasing the number of points increases the auto sweep time the maximum range is 2 kHz on either side of the selected CW time measurement center frequency 4...

Page 404: ...IO bus to read ve TTL input bits in a decision making function and send eight TTL output bits to control a peripheral Note Product note 8753 3 RF Component Measurements 0 Applications of the Test Sequence Function provides practical applications examples for test sequencing This note was written for the HP 8753B but also applies to the HP 8753D In Depth Sequencing Information Features That Operate...

Page 405: ... placing a 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOOP COUNTER command after the title string You must limit the title to three characters if you will use it as a disk le name The three character title and ve digit loop counter number reach the eight character limit for disk le names This feature is useful in data logging ap...

Page 406: ... output bits Refer to Figure 6 80 for output bus pin locations NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARALLEL OUT ALL lets you input a number 0 to 255 in base 10 and outputs it to the bus as binary NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET BIT lets you set a single bit 0 7 to high on the output bus NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CLEAR BIT lets you set a single bit 0 7 to low on the output bus TTL In...

Page 407: ...ci cations for TTL high volts H 2 7 volts V current 20 microamps A Electrical speci cations for TTL low volts L 0 4 volts V current 0 2 milliamps mA Figure 6 80 Parallel Port Input and Output Bus Pin Locations in GPIO Mode Application and Operation Concepts 6 141 ...

Page 408: ...ces currently in memory Use of these features is explained under the speci c softkey descriptions Decision Making Functions Decision making functions jump to a softkey location not to a speci c sequence title Limit test loop counter and do sequence commands jump to any sequence residing in the speci ed sequence position 1 through 6 These commands do not jump to a speci c sequence title Whatever se...

Page 409: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE FILENAMING This menu presents two choices NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE NAME FILE0 supplies a name for the saved state and or data le This also brings up the Title File Menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT NAME PLOTFILE supplies a name for the plot le generated by a plot to disk command This also brings u...

Page 410: ...3 not the ASCII character 3 The analyzer title function does not have the ASCII value 3 so the instrument allows the LB command to be terminated with the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN END OF LABEL command accessed by pressing 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN END OF LABEL Entering Sequences Using HP IB You can ...

Page 411: ...d gain drift versus time Additionally you can measure vector parameters such as deviation from linear phase group delay complex impedance and AM to PM conversion Figure 6 81 Ampli er Parameters The analyzer allows you to make a swept frequency measurement of an ampli er s second or third harmonic as shown in Figure 6 82 Figure 6 82 Swept Frequency Ampli er Measurement of Absolute Fundamental 2nd a...

Page 412: ...ation since only the relative level of the fundamental input to the fundamental output is measured The narrowband receiver is tuned to a precise frequency and as a result is immune from harmonic distortion You may want to quantify the harmonic distortion itself Gain compression occurs when the input power of an ampli er is increased to a level that reduces the gain of the ampli er and causes a non...

Page 413: ...ic Output Level In a compression measurement it is necessary to know the RF input or output power at a certain level of gain compression Therefore both gain and absolute power level need to be accurately characterized Uncertainty in a gain compression measurement is typically less than 0 05 dB Also each input channel of the analyzer is calibrated to display absolute power typically within 0 5 dBm ...

Page 414: ...r the device input or output The analyzer is capable of using an external HP IB power meter and controlling source power directly Figure 6 86 shows a typical test con guration for setting a precise leveled input power at the device input Figure 6 86 Test Con guration for Setting RF Input using Automatic Power Meter Calibration 6 148 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 415: ... higher or lower in frequency than the LO The RF frequencies needed are calculated by the analyzer Tuned Receiver The analyzer s tuned receiver mode allows you to tune its receiver to an arbitrary frequency and measure signal power This is only possible if the signal you want to analyze is at an exact known frequency Therefore the RF and LO sources must be synthesized and synchronized with the ana...

Page 416: ...Accuracy Considerations In mixer transmission measurements you have RF and LO inputs and an IF output Also emanating from the IF port are several other mixing products of the RF and LO signals In mixer re ection measurements leakage signals from one mixer port propagate and appear at the other two mixer ports These unwanted mixing products or leakage signals can cause distortion by mixing with a h...

Page 417: ...ll add to overall measurement uncertainty To reduce the measurement errors associated with the interaction between mixer port matches and system port matches you can place attenuators at all of the mixer s ports Figure 6 88 shows a plot of swept conversion loss where no attenuation at mixer ports was used The ripple versus frequency is due to source and load mismatches Figure 6 88 Conversion Loss ...

Page 418: ... proper IF ltering was neglected Figure 6 89 Example of Conversion Loss versus Output Frequency Without Correct IF Signal Path Filtering Figure 6 90 shows the same mixer s conversion loss with the addition of a low pass lter at the mixer s IF port Figure 6 90 Example of Conversion Loss versus Output Frequency With Correct IF Signal Path Filtering and Attenuation at all Mixer Ports Filtering is req...

Page 419: ...onversion and Down Conversion De nition When you choose between NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO in the frequency o set menus the analyzer determines which direction the internal source must sweep in order to achieve the requested IF frequency For example to measure the lower sideband of a mixer where the RF signal is below the LO RF LO the internal source must sweep...

Page 420: ...y are connected to In a down converter measurement where the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DOWN CONVERTER softkey is selected the notation on the analyzer s setup diagram indicates that the analyzer s source frequency is labeled RF connecting to the mixer RF port and the analyzer s receiver frequency is labeled IF connecting to the mixer IF port Because the RF frequency can be great...

Page 421: ...urce frequency is labeled IF connecting to the mixer IF port and the analyzer s receiver frequency is labeled RF connecting to the mixer RF port Because the RF frequency will always be greater than the set LO frequency in this type of measurement you must select only NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO Figure 6 93 Up Converter Port Connections Application and Operation Concepts 6 155 ...

Page 422: ...solation is the amount of attenuation provided when a signal is applied to one port of a mixer and measured at another port Figure 6 95 shows the three main isolation terms LO Feedthru LO to RF Leakage LO feedthru or LO to IF isolation is the amount the LO signal that is attenuated when it reaches the IF port LO to RF isolation is the amount the LO power is attenuated when it appears directly at t...

Page 423: ... SWR Return Loss Re ection coe cient 0 is de ned as the ratio between the re ected voltage Vr and incident voltage Vi Standing wave ratio SWR is de ned as the ratio of maximum standing wave voltage to the minimum standing wave voltage and can be derived from the re ection coe cient 0 using the equation shown below Return loss can be derived from the re ection coe cient as well 0 V r V i SW R 1 j0j...

Page 424: ...version compression measurement rst measure the conversion loss of the mixer under test Set up for a CW measurement at the frequency of interest Sweeping the RF drive level over a 25 dB span soon shows the power level at which the conversion loss increases by 1 dB With power meter calibration controlling the RF drive level and the receiver calibrated to measure output power you can make accurate m...

Page 425: ... mixer Figure 6 97 Connections for an Amplitude and Phase Tracking Measurement Between Two Mixers Phase Linearity and Group Delay Group delay is the rate of change of phase through a device with respect to frequency d d Traditionally group delay has been used to describe the propagation delay g and deviation from linear phase through a linear device However this parameter also contains valuable in...

Page 426: ...n mixer with very small group delay as the calibration standard An important characteristic to remember when selecting a calibration mixer is that the delay of the device should be kept as low as possible To do this select a mixer with very wide bandwidth wider bandwidth results in smaller delay 6 160 Application and Operation Concepts ...

Page 427: ...turn loss or re ection can be measured Therefore it is important to have good directivity to measure low re ection devices For example a coupler has a 7 mm connector and 40 dB directivity which is equivalent to a re ection coe cient of 0 01 directivity in dB 020 log Suppose we want to connect to a device with an SMA male connector We need to adapt from 7 mm to SMA If we choose a precision 7 mm to ...

Page 428: ...no loss or electrical length and a at frequency response to prevent distortion of the actual signal A perfect match to both the instrument and the test device eliminates re ected test signals The signal should be e ectively coupled into the test device rather than leaking around the device and resulting in crosstalk from input to output Repeatable connections are necessary to ensure consistent dat...

Page 429: ...to a Network Analyzer from Microwaves and RF January 1991 Fixtures and Non Coaxial Measurements Hewlett Packard Company Applying the HP 8510 TRL Calibration for Non Coaxial Measurements Product Note 8510 8A HP publication number 5091 3645E February 1992 Hewlett Packard Company Measuring Chip Capacitors with the HP 8520C Network Analyzers and Inter Continental Microwave Test Fixtures Product Note 8...

Page 430: ...ancements in On Wafer Probing Calibration Techniques Hewlett Packard RF and Microwave Measurement Symposium paper 1991 Lautzenhiser S A Davidson D Jones Improve Accuracy of On Wafer Tests Via LRM Calibration Reprinting from Microwaves and RF HP publication number 5952 1286 January 1990 On Wafer Calibration Practical Considerations HP 8510 8720 News HP publication number 5091 6837 February 1993 6 1...

Page 431: ...on Dynamic range is limited by the maximum test port power and the receiver s noise oor Table 7 1 HP 8753D Dynamic Range Frequency Range Dynamic Range 30 kHz to 300 kHz 100 dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 110 dBy z 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz 110 dBz 3 GHz to 6 GHz 105 dB 90 dB 30 kHz to 50 kHz y 100 dB 300 kHz to 16 MHz due to xed spurs z 105 dB Option 075 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 1 ...

Page 432: ...dB Load match 55 dB 55 dB 51 dB 46 dB Re ection tracking 60 001 dB 60 001 dB 60 005 dB 60 020 dB Transmission tracking 60 008 dB 60 006 dB 60 009 dB 60 021 dB These characteristics apply for an environmental temperature of 25 6 5 C with less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature y Typical Performance Table 7 3 Measurement Port Characteristics Uncorrected for HP 8753D 50 with 7 mm Tes...

Page 433: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 3 ...

Page 434: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 4 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 435: ... corrected HP 8753D network analyzers Table 7 4 Measurement Port Characteristics Corrected for HP 8753D 50 with Type N Test Ports Frequency Range 30 kHz to 300 kHzy 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz 3 GHz to 6 GHz Directivity 50 dB 50 dB 47 dB 40 dB Source match 49 dB 42 dB 36 dB 31 dB Load match 50 dB 50 dB 47 dB 40 dB Re ection tracking 60 005 dB 60 009 dB 60 019 dB 60 070 dB Transmission trac...

Page 436: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 6 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 437: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 7 ...

Page 438: ...corrected HP 8753D network analyzers Table 7 5 Measurement Port Characteristics Corrected for HP 8753D 50 with 3 5 mm Test Ports Frequency Range 30 kHz to 300 kHzy 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz 3 GHz to 6 GHz Directivity 49 dB 46 dB 44 dB 38 dB Source match 49 dB 44 dB 41 dB 37 dB Load match 49 dB 46 dB 44 dB 38 dB Re ection tracking 60 010 dB 60 005 dB 60 007 dB 60 009 dB Transmission track...

Page 439: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 9 ...

Page 440: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 10 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 441: ...o 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 48 dB 48 dB 43 dB Source match 47 dB 41 dB 35 dB Load match 48 dB 48 dB 43 dB Re ection tracking 60 004 dB 60 010 dB 60 019 dB Transmission tracking 60 018 dB 60 015 dB 60 033 dB Applies at 25 65 C y Typical Performance Table 7 7 Measurement Port Characteristics Uncorrected y for HP 8753D 75 with Type N Test Ports Frequency Range 30 kHz to 300 kHzy 300 kHz to...

Page 442: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 12 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 443: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 13 ...

Page 444: ...haracteristics for corrected HP 8753D network analyzers Table 7 8 Measurement Port Characteristics Corrected for HP 8753D 75 using HP 85039A F M Test Ports Frequency Range 30 kHz to 300 kHzy 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 38 dB 38 dB 32 dB Source match 36 dB 36 dB 30 dB Load match 38 dB 38 dB 32 dB Re ection tracking 60 0080 dB 60 0080 dB 60 0320 dB Transmission tracking 60 0618 d...

Page 445: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 15 ...

Page 446: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 16 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 447: ...0 kHzy 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 38 dB 38 dB 32 dB Source match 36 dB 36 dB 30 dB Load match 32 dB 32 dB 26 dB Re ection tracking 60 0080 dB 60 0080 dB 60 0320 dB Transmission tracking 60 0959 dB 60 0518 dB 60 1118 dB Applies at 25 65 C y Typical Performance Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 17 ...

Page 448: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 18 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 449: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 19 ...

Page 450: ... 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 32 dB 32 dB 26 dB Source match 31 950 dB 31 170 dB 25 080 dB Load match 38 dB 38 dB 32 dB Re ection tracking 60 0348 dB 60 0253 dB 60 0728 dB Transmission tracking 60 0780 dB 60 0474 dB 60 1106 dB Applies at 25 65 C y Typical Performance 7 20 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 451: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 21 ...

Page 452: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties 7 22 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 453: ... 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 32 dB 32 dB 26 dB Source match 31 950 dB 31 170 dB 25 080 dB Load match 32 dB 32 dB 26 dB Re ection tracking 60 0348 dB 60 0253 dB 60 0728 dB Transmission tracking 60 1121 dB 60 0646 dB 60 1445 dB Applies at 25 65 C y Typical Performance Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 23 ...

Page 454: ...Transmission Measurement Uncertainties 7 24 Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties ...

Page 455: ...Re ection Measurement Uncertainties Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 25 ...

Page 456: ... 2 Due to limitations on available industry standards the guaranteed performance of the instrument cannot be veri ed outside the factory Field procedures can verify performance with a con dence prescribed by available standards S 3 These speci cations are generally digital functions or are mathematically derived from tested speci cations and can therefore be veri ed by functional pass fail testing...

Page 457: ...ption 075 60 5 dB relative to 0 dBm output level S 1 Impedance Standard 50 ohms 16 dB return loss to 3 GHz T 14 dB return loss to 6 GHz T Impedance Option 075 75 ohms 10 dB return loss to 300 kHz T 16 dB return loss to 3 GHz T SPECTRAL PURITY CHARACTERISTICS 2nd Harmonic 16 MHz to 3 GHz at 10 dBm output level 025 dBc S 1 at 0 dBm output level 040 dBc T at 010 dBm output level 050 dBc T 3rd Harmoni...

Page 458: ...IF bandwidth 082 dBm S 1 10 Hz IF bandwidth 0102 dBm S 1 0110 dBm T 3 GHz to 6 GHz 3 kHz IF bandwidth 077 dBm S 1 10 Hz IF bandwidth 097 dBm S 1 0105 dBm T Frequency Response 25 65 C 300 kHz to 3 GHz 61 dB S 1 3 GHz to 6 GHz 62 dB S 1 Internally Generated Harmonics option 002 2nd Harmonic at 8 dBm input level 015 dBc S 1 at 0 dBm input level 030 dBc T at 015 dBm input level 045 dBc T 3rd Harmonic ...

Page 459: ...m Spurious Input 030 dBc T Residual FM 20 kHz T Setting Time Auto 500 ms T Manual 50 ms T Frequency Readout Accuracy auto 0 1 T Input Frequency Margin Manual 00 5 to 5 MHz T Auto 50 MHz 65 MHz of nominal CW frequency T 50 MHz 610 of nominal CW frequency T Accuracy see Magnitude Characteristics and Phase Characteristics x The HP 8753D RF source characteristics in this mode are dependent on the stab...

Page 460: ...sey 30 kHz to 3GHz 0 006 dB rms S 1 3 GHz to 6 GHz 0 010 dB rms S 1 Reference Level Range 6500 dB S 3 Resolution 0 001 dB S 3 Stability 30 kHz to 3 GHz 0 02 dB C T 3 GHz to 6 GHz 0 04 dB C T PHASE CHARACTERISTICS Range 6180 S 3 Display Resolution 0 01 division S 3 Marker Resolution 0 01 S 3 Marker resolution for magnitude phase and delay is dependent upon the value measured resolution is limited t...

Page 461: ...ic Accuracy Phase Trace Noise 5 dBm into Test Port ratio measurement 30 kHz to 3 GHz 0 038 rms S 1 3 GHz to 6 GHz 0 070 rms S 1 Reference Level Range 6500 S 3 Resolution 0 01 S 3 Stability 30 kHz to 3 GHz 0 05 degree C T 3 GHz to 6 GHz 0 20 degree C T POLAR CHARACTERISTICS ratio measurement Range 10 2 10012 up to 1000 units full scale S 3 Reference range of 6500 units S 3 Speci cations and Measure...

Page 462: ... with 7 mm full 2 port calibration and a 10 Hz IF bandwidth Insertion loss is assumed to be 2 dB and electrical length to be ten meters Group Delay Accuracy vs Aperture In general the following formula can be used to determine the accuracy in seconds of speci c group delay measurement 6 0 003 2 Phase Accuracy deg Aperture Hz Depending on the aperture and device length the phase accuracy used is ei...

Page 463: ...ation with a 3 kHz IF bandwidth Includes system retrace time but does not include bandswitch time Time domain gating is assumed o y S21 measurement with full 2 port calibration using a 3 kHz IF bandwidth Includes system retrace time and RF switching time but does not include bandswitch time Time domain gating is assumed o z Option 010 only gating o x Measured with HP 9000 series 300 computer Remot...

Page 464: ...0 Hz at 10 MHz Level 010 dBm to 20 dBm typical Impedance 50 ohms High Stability Frequency Reference Output 10 MHz Option 001 Frequency 10 0000 MHz Frequency Stability 0 C to 55 C 60 05 ppm Daily Aging Rate after 30 days 3 21009 day Yearly Aging Rate 0 5 ppm year Output 0 dBm minimum Nominal Output Impedance 50 External Auxiliary Input AUX INPUT Input Voltage Limits 010 V to 10 V External AM Input ...

Page 465: ...onnector outputs a TTL signal of the limit test results Pass TTL high Fail TTL low Test Port Bias Input BIAS CONNECT Maximum voltage 30 Vdc Maximum current no degradation in RF speci cations 6200 mA Maximum current 61 A Video Output EXT MON The R G and B connectors drive external monitors with these characteristics R G B with synch on green 75 ohm impedance 1 Vp p 0 7 V white 0 V black 00 3 V sync...

Page 466: ...ironmental Characteristics General Conditions RFI and EMI susceptibility de ned by VADE 0730 CISPR Publication 11 and FCC Class B Standards ESD electrostatic discharge must be eliminated by use of static safe work procedures and an anti static bench mat such as HP 92175T Dust the environment should be as dust free as possible Operating Conditions Operating Temperature 0 to 55 C Error Corrected Tem...

Page 467: ... exclude front and rear panel protrusions Physical Dimensions Internal Memory Data Retention Time with 3 V 1 2 Ah Battery Temperature at 70 C 250 days 0 68 year characteristically Temperature at 40 C 1244 days 3 4 years characteristically Temperature at 25 C 10 years characteristically Speci cations and Measurement Uncertainties 7 37 ...

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Page 469: ... This chapter contains menus maps arranged in the following order 4AVG5 4CAL5 4COPY5 4DISPLAY5 4FORMAT5 4LOCAL5 4MARKER5 4MARKER FCTN5 4MEAS5 4MENU5 4SAVE RECALL5 4PRESET5 4SCALE REF5 4SEQ5 4SYSTEM5 Menu Maps 8 1 ...

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Page 486: ...f the topics discussed in this chapter is located in the following areas Chapter 2 Making Measurements contains step by step procedures for making measurements or using particular functions Chapter 4 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results contains instructions for saving to disk or the analyzer internal memory and printing and plotting displayed measurements Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurem...

Page 487: ...try or the last digit entered from the numeric keypad This key can also be used in two ways for modifying a test sequence deleting a single key command that you may have pressed by mistake for example NNNNNNNNNNN A R deleting the last digit in a series of entered digits as long as you haven t yet pressed a terminator for example if you pressed 4START5 415 425 but did not press 4G n5 etc NNNNNNNNNN...

Page 488: ...the complex ratio of the signal at input A to the reference signal at input R NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ACTIVE ENTRY puts the name of the active entry in the display title NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ACTIVE MRK MAGNITUDE puts the active marker magnitude in the display title NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER COAX selects coaxial as the...

Page 489: ...r function generator can be connected to the rear panel AUXILIARY INPUT connector NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ASSERT SRQ sets the sequence bit in the Event Status Register which can be used to generate an SRQ service request to the system controller NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO FEED ON off turns the plotter auto feed function on or o when in the de ne plot menu It t...

Page 490: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BACKGROUND INTENSITY sets the background intensity of the LCD as a percent of white The factory set default value is stored in non volatile memory NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BANDPASS Option 010 only sets the time domain bandpass mode NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP DONE ON off toggles an annunciator which sounds to indicate completion of certain operat...

Page 491: ...in turn leads to additional menus used to de ne calibration standards other than those in the default kits refer to Modifying Calibration Kits When a calibration kit has been speci ed its connector type is displayed in brackets in the softkey label NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT selects the cal kit menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KIT 2 4mm selects the HP 85056A D...

Page 492: ... printer color selection menu The channel 1 data trace default color is magenta for color prints NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 DATA LIMIT LN selects channel 1 data trace and limit line for display color modi cation NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 MEM selects channel 1 memory trace for display color modi cation NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 MEM brings up the printe...

Page 493: ...test set transfer switch NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COLOR adjusts the degree of whiteness of the color being modi ed See Adjusting Color for an explanation of using this softkey for color modi cation of display attributes NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CONFIGURE EXT DISK provides access to the con gure ext disk menu This menu contains softkeys used to the disk address unit number ...

Page 494: ... make gain compression measurements NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA and MEMORY displays both the current data and memory traces NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA ARRAY on OFF speci es whether or not to store the error corrected data on disk with the instrument state NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEM divides the data by the memory normalizing the data...

Page 495: ...format with marker values given in seconds NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELAY THRU de nes the standard type as a transmission line of speci ed length for calibrating transmission measurements NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELETE Deletes the segment indicated by the pointer NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELETE ALL FILES deletes all les NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELETE FILE...

Page 496: ...functions It shows the current sequences in memory To run a sequence press the softkey next to the desired sequence title When entered into a sequence this command performs a one way jump to the sequence residing in the speci ed sequence position SEQUENCE 1 through 6 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DO SEQUENCE jumps to a softkey position not to a speci c sequence title Whatever sequence is in ...

Page 497: ...It is not necessary for limit lines or limit testing to be on while limits are de ned NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIST presents the edit list menu This is used in conjunction with the edit subsweep menu to de ne or modify the frequency sweep list The list frequency sweep mode is selected with the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIST FREQ softkey described below NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 498: ... selected FILE0 is the default name A new name can be entered when you save the state to disk NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE NAME FILE0 supplies a name for the saved istate and or data le Brings up the TITLE FILE MENU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FILE UTILITIES provides access to the le utilities menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXED de nes the load in a calibration ki...

Page 499: ...g NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT EXT DISK initializes media in external drive and formats the disk using the selected DOS or LIF format NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT INT DISK initializes media in internal drive and formats the disk using the selected DOS or LIF format NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT INT MEMORY clears all...

Page 500: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GATE CENTER Option 010 only allows you to specify the time at the center of the gate NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GATE SPAN Option 010 only allows you to specify the gate periods NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GATE START Option 010 only allows you to specify the starting time of the gate NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GATE STOP Option 010 only allows yo...

Page 501: ... are on the analyzer scrolls a history of incoming HP IB commands across the display in the title line Nonprintable characters are represented as If a syntax error is received the commands halt and a pointer indicates the misunderstood character To clear a syntax error refer to the HP IB Programming Reference and HP IB Programming Examples chapters in the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Gui...

Page 502: ... INITIALIZED is displayed The disk format can be selected to be either logical interchange format LIF or DOS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INPUT PORTS accesses a menu that allows you to measure the R A and B channels NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INSTRUMENT MODE presents the instrument mode menu This provides access to the primary modes of operation analyzer modes NNNNNNNNN...

Page 503: ...uadrant of the page NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE OFFSETS leads to the o set limits menu which is used to o set the complete limit set in either stimulus or amplitude value NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE on OFF turns limit lines on or o To de ne limits use the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIMIT LINE sof...

Page 504: ... are expressed in units phase is expressed in degrees NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE MATCH provides access to the Line Match Menu for TRL LRM calibration NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE TYPE DATA selects the line type for the data trace plot The default line type is 7 which is a solid unbroken line NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE TYPE MEMORY selects...

Page 505: ...olled operation This key will also abort a test sequence or hardcopy print plot In this local mode with a controller still connected on HP IB the analyzer can be operated manually locally from the front panel This is the only front panel key that is not disabled when the analyzer is remotely controlled over HP IB by a computer The exception to this is when local lockout is in e ect this is a remot...

Page 506: ...e frequency range possible with an HP 8753D NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOW PASS IMPULSE Option 010 only sets the transform to low pass impulse mode which simulates the time domain response to an impulse input NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOW PASS STEP Option 010 only sets the transform to low pass step mode which simulates the time domain response to a step inp...

Page 507: ...m linear phase Additional electrical delay adjustments are required on DUTs without constant group delay over the measured frequency span Since this feature adds phase to a variation in phase versus frequency it is applicable only for ratioed inputs NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER MIDDLE sets the midpoint for NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELTA LIMITS using the ac...

Page 508: ...se can be used to quickly change the measurement parameters to search the trace for speci ed information and to analyze the trace statistically NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER MODE MENU provides access to the marker mode menu where several marker modes can be selected including special markers for polar and Smith chart formats NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 509: ...ed in memory for this channel a warning message is displayed 4MENU5 provides access to a series of menus which are used to de ne and control all stimulus functions other than start stop center and span When the 4MENU5 key is pressed the stimulus menu is displayed NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MIDDLE VALUE sets the midpoint for NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DELTA LIMITS It uses th...

Page 510: ...to the averaging factor selected to allow measurement of a fully averaged trace Entering a number of groups resets the averaging counter to 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER OF POINTS is used to select the number of data points per sweep to be measured and displayed Using fewer points allows a faster sweep time but the displayed trace shows less horizontal detail Using mo...

Page 511: ...ted for measurements of devices with limited dynamic range The device under test must be manually reversed between sweeps to accomplish measurement of both input and output responses The required standards are a short an open a thru and an impedance matched load NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ONE SWEEP This mode does not measure each sweep but corrects each point with the data currently in the powe...

Page 512: ...f the sequences that sequence is executed Any other key can be used to exit this mode This function is not executed if used during modify mode and does nothing when operated manually This softkey is not visible on the display and the function is not available unless programmed into analyzer memory NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PEN NUM DATA selects the number of the pen to plot the data tr...

Page 513: ... the frequency list table or limit table Softkey labels can be plotted under the control of an external controller Refer to the Introductory Programming Guide NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER BAUD RATE sets the serial port data transmission speed for plots NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER FORM FEED sends a page eject command to the plotter ...

Page 514: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER FIXED sets the external LO xed power NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER SWEEP sets the external LO power sweep NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER LOSS brings up the segment modify menu and segment edit power loss menu explained in the following pages This softkey is intended for use when the power output is being sampled by a directional coupler or power sp...

Page 515: ...k with a black and white printer NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT COLOR prints the displayed measurement results in color NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT COLORS is used to select the print colors menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT MONOCHROME sets the print command to default to a black and white printer NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 516: ...5 TO 30 selects power range 4 when in manual power range NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RANGE 5 65 TO 40 selects power range 5 when in manual power range NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RANGE 6 75 TO 50 selects power range 6 when in manual power range NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RANGE 7 85 TO 60 selects power range 7 w...

Page 517: ... associated with port 1 error correction for adapter removal calibration NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL CAL PORT 2 Press this key after selecting the le associated with port 2 error correction for adapter removal calibration NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL COLORS recalls the previously saved modi ed version of the color set This key appears only when ...

Page 518: ... used NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RENAME FILE allows you to change the name of a le that has already been saved NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESET COLOR resets the color being modi ed to the default color NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESPONSE When in the specify class more menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RESPONSE is used to enter the standard numbers for a response calibration This ca...

Page 519: ...CH THRU is used to enter the standard numbers for the reverse match thru calibration For default kits this is the thru NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REV TRANS Label Class lets you enter a label for the reverse transmission class The label appears during a calibration that uses this class NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REV TRANS Specify Class speci es which standards are in the reverse transmission ...

Page 520: ...alibration data for PORT 2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SAMPLR COR on OFF selects whether sampler correction is on or o NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SAVE COLORS saves the modi ed version of the color set 4SAVE RECALL5 provides access to all the menus used for saving and recalling instrument states in internal memory and for storing to or loading from external dis...

Page 521: ...layed at one time and the list can be scrolled up or down to show other segment entries Use the entry block controls to move the pointer to the required segment number The indicated segment can then be edited or deleted If the table of limits is designated EMPTY new segments can be added using the NNNNNNNNNNN ADD or NNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT softkey NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEGMEN...

Page 522: ...shooting NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESSES goes to the address menu which is used to set the HP IB address of the analyzer and to display and modify the addresses of peripheral devices in the system NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET CLOCK allows you to set the analyzer s internal clock NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET DAY allows you to set the day in the analyzer s internal clock ...

Page 523: ...d for any single segment If an instrument state is saved in memory with a single segment trace a recall will re display that segment while also recalling the entire list NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLIDING de nes the load as a sliding load When such a load is measured during calibration the analyzer will prompt for several load positions and calculate the ideal load value from it NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLO...

Page 524: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY CLASS DONE nishes the specify class function and returns to the modify cal kit menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY GATE Option 010 only is used to specify the parameters of the gate NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY OFFSET allows additional speci cations for a user de ned standard Features speci ed in this menu are common...

Page 525: ...om system Z0 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD TYPE DELAY THRU de nes the standard type as a transmission line of speci ed length for calibrating transmission measurements NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD TYPE LOAD de nes the standard type as a load termination Loads are assigned a terminal impedance equal to the system characteristic impedance ZO b...

Page 526: ... is the mode used when peripheral devices are to be used and there is no external controller In this mode the analyzer can directly control peripherals plotter printer disk drive or power meter System controller mode must be set in order for the analyzer to access peripherals from the front panel to plot print store on disk or perform power meter functions if there is no other controller on the bu...

Page 527: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TESTPORT 1 2 is used to direct the RF power to port 1 or port 2 For non S parameter inputs only NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TESTSET I O FWD is used to support specialized test sets such as a testset that measures duplexers It allows you to set three bits D1 D2 and D3 to a value of 0 to 7 and outputs it as binary from the rear panel testset...

Page 528: ...into the real portion of the memory trace at Display point total points 1 loop counter If the value of the loop counter is zero then the title number goes in the last point of memory If the loop counter is greater than or equal to the current number of measurement points the number is placed in the rst point of memory A data to memory command must be executed before using the title to memory comma...

Page 529: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM MENU Option 010 only leads to a series of menus that transform the measured data from the frequency domain to the time domain NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSFORM on OFF Option 010 only switches between time domain transform on and o NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRANSMISSION leads to the transmission menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 530: ...ws the analyzer to become a controller in order to plot print or directly access an external disk During this peripheral operation the host computer is free to perform other internal tasks that do not require use of the bus the bus is tied up by the network analyzer during this time The pass control mode requires that the external controller is programmed to respond to a request for control and to...

Page 531: ...uses the analyzer to assume a dispersive delay see NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET DELAY above NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WAVEGUIDE DELAY applies a non linear phase shift for use with electrical delay which follows the standard dispersive phase equation for rectangular waveguide When NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WAVEGUIDE DELAY is pressed the a...

Page 532: ... Option 010 only is used to set the window of a time domain measurement to the minimum value Provides essentially no window NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW NORMAL Option 010 only is used to set the window of a time domain measurement to the normal value Usually the most useful because it reduces the sidelobes of the measurement somewhat 4x15 is used to terminate basic units dB ...

Page 533: ...A to B AB NNNNNNNNNNN A R Ratio of A to R AR NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER COAX Adapter Coax ADPTCOAX NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER WAVEGUIDE Adapter Waveguide ADPTWAVE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER DELAY Adapter Delay ADAP1 NNNNNNNNNNN ADD Add SADD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS CONTROLLER Ad...

Page 534: ...S NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP DONE ON off Beep Done On BEEPDONEON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP DONE on OFF Beep Done O BEEPDONEOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP FAIL ON off Beep Fail On BEEPFAILON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP FAIL on OFF Beep Fail O BEEPFAILOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 535: ...1 DATA LIMIT LN Channel 1 Data Limit Line COLOCH1D NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 MEM Channel 1 Memory COLOCH1M NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 MEM Channel 1 Memory Color PCOLMEMO1 4CHAN 25 Channel 2 Active CH2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH2 DATA Channel 2 Data Color PCOLDATA2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH2 DATA LIMIT LN Channel 2 Data Limit Line COLOCH2...

Page 536: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY Data to Memory DATI NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA ONLY ON off Data Only On EXTMDATOON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA ONLY on OFF Data Only O EXTMDATOOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DECR LOOP COUNTER Decrement Loop Counter DECRLOOC NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAUL...

Page 537: ...n OFF Dual Channel O DUACOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUPLICATE SEQUENCE Duplicate Sequence DUPLSEQxSEQy NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EACH SWEEP Calibrate Each Sweep PWMCEACS NNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT Edit SEDI NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIMIT LINE Edit Limit Line EDITLIML NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIST Edit List EDITLIST NNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 538: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT ARY on OFF Format Array O EXTMFORMOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT DOS Format DOS FORMATDOS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT LIF Format LIF FORMATLIF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT EXT DISK Format External Disk INIE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT INT DISK Format Internal Disk INID NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 539: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRAPHICS ON off Graphics On EXTMGRAPON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRAPHICS on OFF Graphics O EXTMGRAPOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRATICULE Print Color graticule PCOLGRAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRATICULE TEXT Graticule COLOGRAT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN HARMONIC OFF Harmonic Mode O HARMOFF N...

Page 540: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT TEST ON off Limit Test On LIMITESTON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT TEST on OFF Limit Test O LIMITESTOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN FREQ Linear Frequency LINFREQ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN MAG Linear Magnitude LINM NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIN MKR Linear Marker POLMLIN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LINE ...

Page 541: ...DDLE Marker to Middle MARKMIDD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER REFERENCE Marker to Reference MARKREF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER SPAN Marker to Span MARKSPAN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER START Marker to Start MARKSTAR NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER STIMULUS Marker to Stimulus MARKSTIM ...

Page 542: ... New Sequence Modify Sequence NEWSEn NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEXT PAGE Display Next Page of Tabular NEXP Listing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER OF GROUPS Number of Groups NUMG NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER OF POINTS Number of Points POIN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER OF READINGS Number of Readings NUMR N...

Page 543: ...ENNMARK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PEN NUM MEMORY Pen Number Memory PENNMEMO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PEN NUM TEXT Pen Number Text PENNTEXT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PHASE Phase PHAS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PHASE OFFSET Phase O set PHAO NNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT Plot PLOT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT DATA ON off Plot Data On PDATAON NNNNN...

Page 544: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PORT PWR UNCOUPLED Port Power Uncoupled PORTPUNCPLD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER Power POWE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER FIXED Power Fixed LOPOWER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER SWEEP Power Sweep Mode LOPSWE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER MTR Power Meter POWM NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POWER ...

Page 545: ... Power Loss O PWRLOSSOFF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWR RANGE AUTO man Power Range Auto PWRRPAUTO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWR RANGE auto MAN Power Range Man PWRRPMAN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL Power Meter Calibration CALPOW NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL OFF Power Meter Calibr...

Page 546: ...NNNN REFERENCE POSITION Reference Position REFP NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFERENCE VALUE Reference Value REFV NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFL FWD S11 A R Re ection Forward S11 A R RFLP S11 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFL REV S22 B R Re ection Reverse S22 B R S22 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFLECTION Re e...

Page 547: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO RF Greater Than LO RFGTLO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RF LO RF Less Than LO RFLTLO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RIGHT LOWER Right Lower RIGL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RIGHT UPPER Right Upper RIGU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11 1 PORT S11 1 Port CALIS111 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11A S11A Re ected Forward Match LABES11A Label Class LABETRFM NNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11A S11A Re e...

Page 548: ...NNNNNNNNNNN SCALE DIV Scale Division SCAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SCALE PLOT FULL Scale Plot Full SCAPFULL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SCALE PLOT GRAT Scale Plot Graticule SCAPGRAT 4SCALE REF5 Scale Reference MENUSCAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH LEFT Search Left SEAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH RIGHT Search Ri...

Page 549: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET FREQ LOW PASS Set Frequency Low Pass SETF NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET REF REFLECT Set Reference Re ect SETRREFL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET REF THRU Set Reference Thru SETRTHRU NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET TIME Set Time SETTIME NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET Z0 Set Impedance SETZ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SHOW MEN...

Page 550: ...Impedance STDTARBI NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IMPEDANCE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD TYPE DELAY THRU Standard Type Delay Thru STDTDELA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD TYPE LOAD Standard Type Load STDTLOAD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STD TYPE OPEN Standard Type Open STDTOPEN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ST...

Page 551: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE FILE2 Title File 2 TITF2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE FILE3 Title File 3 TITF3 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE FILE4 Title File 4 TITF4 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE FILE5 Title File 5 TITF5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE SEQUENCE Title Sequence TITSQ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE TO ME...

Page 552: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTL OUT HIGH TTL Out High TTLOH NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTL OUT LOW TTL Out Low TTLOL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TUNED RECEIVER Tuned Receiver INSMTUNR NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UNCOUPLED Uncoupled UNCPLD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UP CONVERTER Up Converter UCONV NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UPPER LIMIT Uppe...

Page 553: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW MINIMUM Window Minimum WINDMINI NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW NORMAL Window Normal WINDNORM NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN XMIT CNTRL Xon Xoff Transmit Control printer PRNHNDSHKXON NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN XMIT CNTRL DTR DSR Transmit Control printer PRNH...

Page 554: ...ons The following table lists the softkey functions alphabetically and the corresponding front panel access key This table is useful in determining which front panel key leads to a speci c softkey Key De nitions 9 69 ...

Page 555: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER DELAY 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADAPTER REMOVAL 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS 8753 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS CONTROLLER 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS DISK 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS DISK 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 556: ... DONE ON off 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP FAIL on OFF 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEEP WARN on OFF 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BLANK DISPLAY 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BRIGHTNESS 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNN C0 4CAL5 NNNNNNNN C1 4CAL5 NNNNNNNN C2 4CAL5 NNNNNNNN C3 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 557: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 MEM 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH1 MEM 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH2 DATA 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH2 DATA LIMIT LN 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH2 MEM 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CH2 MEM REF LINE 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 558: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DECR LOOP COUNTER 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAULT COLORS 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAULT PLOT SETUP 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAULT PRINT SETUP 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE DISK SAVE 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 559: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DOWN CONVERTER 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CH on OFF 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUMP GRAPH on OFF 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUPLICATE SEQUENCE 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EACH SWEEP 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIMIT LINE 4SYSTEM5 NNNN...

Page 560: ...OSITION 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXED MKR STIMULUS 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXED MKR VALUE 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FLAT LINE 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORM FEED 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORMAT ARY on OFF 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FORM...

Page 561: ...M5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GOSUB SEQUENCE 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRAPHICS on OFF 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRATICULE 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRATICULE TEXT 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN HARMONIC MEAS 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN HARMONIC OFF 4SYSTEM...

Page 562: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL CLASS 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL CLASS DONE 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL KIT 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LABEL STD 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LEFT LOWER 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LEFT UPPER 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT LINE OFFSETS 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNN...

Page 563: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOG FREQ 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOG MAG 4FORMAT5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOG MKR 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOOP COUNTER 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOOP COUNTER 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOSS 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOSS SENSR LISTS 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOWER LIMIT 4SYSTEM5 ...

Page 564: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 4 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 5 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER all OFF 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER MODE MENU 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKERS CONTINUOUS 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKERS COUPLED 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNN...

Page 565: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET LOSS 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET Z0 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OMIT ISOLATION 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ONE PATH 2 PORT 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ONE SWEEP 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN OPEN 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OP PARMS MKRS etc 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 566: ...N PLOTTER BAUD RATE 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER FORM FEED 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER PORT 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLTR PORT DISK 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLTR PORT HPIB 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLTR PORT PARALLEL 4LOCAL5 NNNN...

Page 567: ...PARALLEL 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRNTR PORT SERIAL 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRNTR TYPE 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWR LOSS on OFF 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWR RANGE AUTO man 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PWRMTR CAL 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 568: ...RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL REG4 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL REG5 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL REG6 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL REG7 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL STATE 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECEIVER CAL 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 569: ...NNN RIGHT UPPER 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ROUND SECONDS 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S PARAMETERS 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11 1 PORT 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11A 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11B 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11C 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S11 REFL OPEN 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S22 1 PORT 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 570: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT DISK 4SAVE RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 1 SEQ1 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 2 SEQ2 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 3 SEQ3 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 4 SEQ4 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEQUENCE 5 SEQ5 4SEQ5 NNNN...

Page 571: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNN SPAN 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPAN 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY CLASS 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY GATE 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPECIFY OFFSET 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPLIT DISP on OFF 4DISPL...

Page 572: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TERMINAL IMPEDANCE 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST PORT 1 2 4MEAS5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TESTSET I O FWD 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TESTSET I O REV 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TESTSET SW XXXX 4Cal5 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEXT 4DISPLAY5 NNN...

Page 573: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRL LRM 2 PORT 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRL LRM OPTION 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTL I O 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTL OUT HIGH 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TTL OUT LOW 4SEQ5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TUNED RECEIVER 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN UNCOUPLED 4MARKER5...

Page 574: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WIDTHS on OFF 4MARKER FCTN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW MAXIMUM 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW MINIMUM 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WINDOW NORMAL 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN XMIT CNTRL 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Y REFL ...

Page 575: ......

Page 576: ...ormation about many of the topics discussed in this chapter is located in the following areas Chapter 2 Making Measurements contains step by step procedures for making measurements or using particular functions Chapter 4 Printing Plotting and Saving Measurement Results contains instructions for saving to disk or the analyzer internal memory and printing and plotting displayed measurements Chapter ...

Page 577: ...WITH NOTHING TO SAY Error Number 31 You have sent a read command to the analyzer such as ENTER 716 without rst requesting data with an appropriate output command such as OUTPDATA The analyzer has no data in the output queue to satisfy the request AIR FLOW RESTRICTED CHECK FAN FILTER Error Number 20 Something is restricting the air ow into the analyzer Check for any debris and clean or replace the ...

Page 578: ...lyzer is unable to read the VAR statement AVERAGING INVALID ON NON RATIO MEASURE Error Number 13 You cannot use sweep to sweep averaging in single input measurements Sweep sweep averaging is valid only for ratioed measurements A R B R A B and S parameters You can use noise reduction techniques such as narrower IF bandwidth for single input measurements BAD FREQ FOR HARMONIC OR FREQ OFFSET Error Nu...

Page 579: ...he internal array block Refer to the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide for instructions on using analyzer input commands CALIBRATION ABORTED Error Number 74 You have changed the active channel during a calibration so the calibration in progress was terminated Make sure the appropriate channel is active and restart the calibration CALIBRATION REQUIRED Error Number 63 A calibration set co...

Page 580: ... not contain les nested within subdirectories CAN T STORE LOAD SEQUENCE INSUFFICIENT MEMORY Error Number 127 Your sequence transfer to or from a disk could not be completed due to insu cient memory CH1 CH2 TARGET VALUE NOT FOUND Error Number 159 Your target value for the marker search function does not exist on the current data trace CONTINUOUS SWITCHING NOT ALLOWED Error Number 10 Your current me...

Page 581: ...t successful You must change the position of the jumper on the A9 CPU assembly Refer to the A9 CC Jumper Position Procedure in the Adjustments and Correction Constants chapter of the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Service Guide CORRECTION TURNED OFF Error Number 66 Critical parameters in your current instrument state do not match the parameters for the calibration set therefore correction has been turn...

Page 582: ...t wrong addrs Error Number 119 The device at the selected address cannot be accessed by the analyzer Verify that the device is switched on and check the HP IB connection between the analyzer and the device Ensure that the device address recognized by the analyzer matches the HP IB address set on the device itself DIRECTORY FULL Error Number 188 There is no room left in the directory to add les Eit...

Page 583: ...n between the analyzer and the disk drive Ensure that the disk drive address recognized by the analyzer matches the HP IB address set on the disk drive itself DISK READ WRITE ERROR Error Number 189 There may be a problem with your disk Try a new oppy disk If a new oppy disk does not eliminate the error suspect hardware problems DISK WEAR REPLACE DISK SOON Error Number 49 Cumulative use of the disk...

Page 584: ...umber 72 When modifying calibration kits you can de ne a maximum of seven standards for any class EXTERNAL SOURCE MODE REQUIRES CW TIME Error Number 148 An external source can only be phase locked and measured in the CW time sweep mode EXT SOURCE NOT READY FOR TRIGGER Error Number 191 There is a hardware problem with the HP 8625A external source Verify the connections between the analyzer and the ...

Page 585: ...ror Number 42 The rst character of a disk le title or an internal save register title must be an alpha character FORMAT NOT VALID FOR MEASUREMENT Error Number 75 Conversion measurements Z or Y re ection and transmission are not valid with Smith chart and SWR formats FORMATTING DATA Information Message The list information is being processed for a list data output to a copy device and stored in the...

Page 586: ...e function you selected only works with disk les FUNCTION ONLY VALID DURING MOD SEQUENCE Error Number 164 You can only use the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GOSUB SEQUENCE capability when you are building a sequence Attempting to use this softkey at any other time returns an error message and no action is taken HP 8753 SOURCE PARAMETERS CHANGED Error Number 61 Some of the stimulus p...

Page 587: ...y because the disk is damaged INSTRUMENT STATE MEMORY CLEARED Error Number 56 All instrument state registers have been cleared from memory along with any saved calibration data memory traces and calibration kit de nitions Additionally all user settable selections such as HP IB addresses are set to their defaults INSUFFICIENT MEMORY Error Number 51 Your last front panel or HP IB request could not b...

Page 588: ...Error Number 150 A logarithmic sweep is only valid if the stop frequency is greater than four times the start frequency For frequency spans of less than two octaves the sweep type automatically reverts to linear sweep LOW PASS FREQ LIMITS CHANGED Information Message The frequency domain data points must be harmonically related from dc to the stop frequency That is stop n 2 start where n number of ...

Page 589: ...or Number 114 The self diagnose function of the instrument operates on an internal test failure At this time no failure has been detected NO FILE S FOUND ON DISK Error Number 45 No les of the type created by an analyzer store operation were found on the disk or the disk drive is empty If you requested a speci c le title that le was not found on the disk NO IF FOUND CHECK R INPUT LEVEL Error Number...

Page 590: ...Service Guide for troubleshooting NO SPACE FOR NEW CAL CLEAR REGISTERS Error Number 70 You cannot store a calibration set due to insu cient memory You can free more memory by clearing a saved instrument state from an internal register which may also delete an associated calibration set if all the instrument states using the calibration kit have been deleted You can store the saved instrument state...

Page 591: ...sted requires a capability provided by an option to the standard analyzer That option is not currently installed Refer to Chapter 1 for a description of the available options OVERLOAD ON INPUT A POWER REDUCED Error Number 58 See error number 57 OVERLOAD ON INPUT B POWER REDUCED Error Number 59 See error number 57 OVERLOAD ON INPUT R POWER REDUCED Error Number 57 You have exceeded approximately 14 ...

Page 592: ...vented the calibration from completing successfully Refer to the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Service Guide and execute pretune correction test 48 This message may appear if you connect a mixer between the RF output and R input before turning on frequency o set mode Ignore it it will go away when you turn on frequency o set This message may also appear if you turn on frequency o set mode before you d...

Page 593: ...up correctly If so preset the instrument and restart the operation POWER SUPPLY HOT Error Number 21 The temperature sensors on the A8 post regulator assembly have detected an over temperature condition The power supplies regulated on the post regulator have been shut down POWER SUPPLY SHUT DOWN Error Number 22 One or more supplies on the A8 post regulator assembly have been shut down due to an ove...

Page 594: ...upported with this printer The print will abort PRINTER busy Error Number 176 The parallel port printer is not accepting data PRINTER error Error Number 175 The parallel port printer is malfunctioning The analyzer cannot complete the copy function PRINTER not connected Error Number 173 There is no printer connected to the parallel port PRINTER not handshaking Error Number 177 The printer at the pa...

Page 595: ... at the parallel port is o PRINT PLOT IN PROGRESS ABORT WITH LOCAL Error Number 166 If a print or plot is in progress and you attempt a second print or plot this message is displayed and the second attempt is ignored To abort a print or plot in progress press 4LOCAL5 PROBE POWER SHUT DOWN Error Number 23 One or both of the probe power supplies have been shut down due to an over current over voltag...

Page 596: ...ory by clearing one or more save recall registers and pressing 4PRESET5 or by storing les to a disk SELECTED SEQUENCE IS EMPTY Error Number 124 The sequence you attempted to run does not contain instrument commands SELF TEST n FAILED Service Error Number 112 Internal test n has failed Several internal test routines are executed at instrument preset The analyzer reports the rst failure detected Ref...

Page 597: ...NG COPY SPOOLER Information Message The analyzer is beginning to output data from the spool bu er to the copy device The analyzer resumes normal operation the data is being output to the copy device in the background STOP CW FREQ OFFSET MUST BE 3 GHz Error Number 141 The output frequency of the mixer cannot violate the minimum maximum frequency of the analyzer SWEEP MODE CHANGED TO CW TIME SWEEP E...

Page 598: ...matted an HP IB command Refer to the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide for proper command syntax SYST CTRL OR PASS CTRL IN LOCAL MENU Error Number 36 The analyzer is in talker listener mode In this mode the analyzer cannot control a peripheral device on the bus Use the local menu to change to system controller or pass control mode TEST ABORTED Error Number 113 You have prematurely stopp...

Page 599: ...RT OVER Service Error Number 115 Your equipment setup for the adjustment procedure in progress is not correct Check the setup diagram and instructions HP 8753D Network Analyzer Service Guide Start the procedure again WAITING FOR CLEAN SWEEP Information Message In single sweep mode the instrument ensures that all changes to the instrument state if any have been implemented before taking the sweep T...

Page 600: ...TING INPUT TYPE Error Number 32 You have sent the data header A to the analyzer with no preceding input command such as INPUDATA The instrument recognized the header but did not know what type of data to receive Refer to the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide for command syntax information WRONG DISK FORMAT INITIALIZE DISK Error Number 77 You have attempted to store load or read le title...

Page 601: ...EMPTY 10 CONTINUOUS SWITCHING NOT ALLOWED 11 SWEEP TIME INCREASED 12 SWEEP TIME TOO FAST 13 AVERAGING INVALID ON NON RATIO MEASURE 14 FUNCTION NOT VALID 15 NO MARKER DELTA SPAN NOT SET 16 TRANSFORM GATE NOT ALLOWED 17 DEMODULATION NOT VALID 18 not used 19 LIST TABLE EMPTY occurs if user selects LIST sweep type but there is no list freq table 20 AIR FLOW RESTRICTED CHECK FAN FILTER 21 POWER SUPPLY ...

Page 602: ...DISK not on not connected wrong addrs 39 DISK HARDWARE PROBLEM 40 DISK MEDIUM NOT INITIALIZED 41 NO DISK MEDIUM IN DRIVE 42 FIRST CHARACTER MUST BE A LETTER 43 ONLY LETTERS AND NUMBERS ARE ALLOWED 44 NOT ENOUGH SPACE ON DISK FOR STORE 45 NO FILE S FOUND ON DISK 46 ILLEGAL UNIT OR VOLUME NUMBER 47 INITIALIZATION FAILED 48 DISK IS WRITE PROTECTED 49 DISK WEAR REPLACE DISK SOON 50 TOO MANY SEGMENTS O...

Page 603: ...GRESS 70 NO SPACE FOR NEW CAL CLEAR REGISTERS 71 MORE SLIDES NEEDED 72 EXCEEDED 7 STANDARDS PER CLASS 73 SLIDES ABORTED MEMORY REALLOCATION 74 CALIBRATION ABORTED 75 FORMAT NOT VALID FOR MEASUREMENT 77 WRONG DISK FORMAT INITIALIZE DISK 111 DEADLOCK 112 SELF TEST n FAILED 113 TEST ABORTED 114 NO FAIL FOUND 115 TROUBLE CHECK SETUP AND START OVER 116 POWER METER INVALID 117 PWR MTR NOT ON CONNECTED O...

Page 604: ...EEP REQUIRES 2 OCTAVE MINIMUM SPAN 151 SAVE FAILED INSUFFICIENT MEMORY 152 D2 D1 INVALID CH1 CH2 NUM PTS DIFFERENT 153 SEQUENCE MAY HAVE CHANGED CAN T CONTINUE 154 INSUFFICIENT MEMORY PWR MTR CAL OFF 157 SEQUENCE ABORTED 159 CH1 CH2 TARGET VALUE NOT FOUND 161 PRESS MENU SELECT CW IF FREQ THEN SWEPT LO 162 EXT SRC NOT ON CONNECTED OR WRONG ADDR 163 FUNCTION ONLY VALID DURING MOD SEQUENCE 164 TOO MA...

Page 605: ...ONIC OR FREQ OFFSET 182 LIST MODE OFF INVALID WITH LO FREQ 183 BATTERY FAILED STATE MEMORY CLEARED 184 BATTERY LOW STORE SAVE REGS TO DISK 185 CANNOT FORMAT DOS DISKS ON THIS DRIVE 187 SWEEP MODE CHANGED TO CW TIME SWEEP 188 DIRECTORY FULL 189 DISK READ WRITE ERROR 190 DISK MESSAGE LENGTH ERROR 191 EXT SOURCE NOT READY FOR TRIGGER 192 FILE NOT FOUND 193 ASCII MISSING BEGIN statement 194 ASCII MISS...

Page 606: ...WED DURING POWER METER CAL 199 CANNOT MODIFY FACTORY PRESET 200 ALL REGISTERS HAVE BEEN USED 201 FUNCTION NOT VALID FOR INTERNAL MEMORY 202 FUNCTION NOT AVAILABLE 203 CANNOT READ WRITE HFS FILE SYSTEM 204 FREQS CANNOT BE CHANGED TOO MANY POINTS Error Messages 10 31 ...

Page 607: ......

Page 608: ...surement Accessories Available Calibration Kits The following calibration kits contain precision standards and required adapters of the indicated connector type The standards known devices facilitate measurement calibration also called vector error correction Refer to the data sheet and ordering guide for additional information Parts numbers for the standards are in their manuals HP 85031B 7 mm Ca...

Page 609: ... Test Port Return Cable Set This set consists of a pair of test port return cables that can be used in measurements of 7 mm devices They can also be used with connectors other than 7 mm by using the appropriate precision adapters HP 11857B 75 Ohm Type N Test Port Return Cable Set This set consists of test port return cables for use with the HP 8753D Option 075 Adapter Kits HP 11852B 50 to 75 Ohm M...

Page 610: ...transistors in several con gurations from dc to 2 0 GHz The HP 11600B accepts transistors with TO 18 to TO 72 package dimensions and the HP 11602B accepts transistors with TO 5 to TO 12 package dimensions Both xtures can also be used to measure other circuit elements such as diodes resistors or inductors which have 0 016 to 0 019 inch diameter leads HP 11608A Option 003 Transistor Fixture This xtu...

Page 611: ...alyzer supports HP IB serial and parallel peripherals Most Hewlett Packard desktop printers and plotters are compatible with the analyzer Some common compatible peripherals are listed here some are no longer available for purchase but are listed here for your reference These plotters are compatible HP 7440A ColorPro Eight Pen Color Graphics Plotter HP 7470A Two Pen Graphics Plotter HP 7475A Six Pe...

Page 612: ...formats Using the internal disk drive is the preferred method but the capability to use external disk drives still exists Most external disks using CS80 protocol are compatible Note The analyzer does not support the LIF 1 hierarchy le system directory format Caution Do not use the older single sided disks in the analyzer s internal drive HP IB Cables An HP IB cable is required for interfacing the ...

Page 613: ...l your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service o ce Sample Software A set of sample measurement programs is provided with the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s Guide on a 3 5 inch disk The programs include typical measurements to be used as an introductory example for programming the analyzer over HP IB It is designed to be easily modi ed for use in developing programs for speci c needs The...

Page 614: ... the corresponding interface port Printer Interface Recommended Cable Parallel HP 92284A Serial HP 24542G HP IB HP 10833A B D Figure 11 1 Peripheral Connections to the Analyzer Note The keyboard can be connected to the analyzer while the power is on or o Compatible Peripherals 11 7 ...

Page 615: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DJ 540 2 Select one of the following printer interfaces Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRNTR PORT HPIB if your printer has an HP IB interface and then con gure the print function as follows a Enter the HP IB address of the printer followed by 4x15 b Press 4LOCAL5 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER if there is no exter...

Page 616: ...s a Plotter HPGL 2 Compatible Printer used as a plotter 1 Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESSES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER PORT and then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRNTR TYPE until the correct printer choice appears NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ThinkJet QuietJet NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DeskJet only DeskJet 1200C and DeskJet 1600C NNNNNN...

Page 617: ...aud rate followed by 4x15 b To select the transmission control method that is compatible with your printer press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN XMIT CNTRL transmit control handshaking protocol until the correct method appears If you choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Xon Xoff the handshake method allows the printer to control the data exchange by transmitting control characters to the network ana...

Page 618: ...ppears If you choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARALLEL COPY the parallel port is dedicated for normal copy device use printers or plotters If you choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARALLEL GPIO the parallel port is dedicated for general purpose I O and cannot be used for printing or plotting Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERIAL if your printer has a serial...

Page 619: ...te le 3 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESSES NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS DISK 4 Press 4LOCAL5 and select one of the following Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM CONTROLLER if there is no external controller connected Choose NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PASS CONTROL when an external controller is connected and...

Page 620: ...4 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET DAY and enter the current day of the month followed by 4x15 5 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET HOUR and enter the current hour of the day 0 23 followed by 4x15 6 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET MINUTES and enter the next immediate minute followed by 4x15 7 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ROUND SECONDS when the current time is ex...

Page 621: ...t results directly to a compatible printer or plotter and to store data to an external disk drive It can also control a power meter for power calibration and through a subset of HP GL Hewlett Packard Graphics Language user graphics can be plotted on the analyzer display For more complete information on programming the analyzer remotely over HP IB refer to the HP 8753D Network Analyzer Programmer s...

Page 622: ...nters tape readers The network analyzer is a talker when it sends trace data or marker information over the bus Listener A listener is a device capable of receiving device dependent data over the interface when addressed to listen There can be as many as 14 listeners connected to the interface at any given time Examples of this type of device include printers power supplies signal generators The n...

Page 623: ...e handshake scheme coordinates the transfer of data between talkers and listeners To insure data integrity in multiple listener transfers this technique forces data transfers to occur at the transfer rate of the slowest device connected to the interface With most computing controllers and instruments the handshake is performed automatically making it transparent to the programmer Control Lines The...

Page 624: ...d devices return to local operation EOI End or Identify This line is used by a talker to indicate the last data byte in a multiple byte transmission or by an active controller to initiate a parallel poll sequence The analyzer recognizes the EOI line as a terminator and it pulls the EOI line with the last byte of a message output data markers plots prints error messages The analyzer does not respon...

Page 625: ... request SRQ capabilities RL1 Complete remote local capability including local lockout PP0 Does not respond to parallel poll DC1 Complete device clear DT1 Responds to a Group Execute Trigger GET in the hold trigger mode C1 C2 C3 System controller capabilities in system controller mode C10 Pass control capabilities in pass control mode E2 Tri state drivers LE0 No extended listener capabilities TE0 ...

Page 626: ...twork analyzer R Remote Operation L Listen mode T Talk mode S Service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer Bus Device Modes The analyzer uses a single bus architecture The single bus allows both the analyzer and the host controller to have complete access to the peripherals in the system Three di erent controller modes are possible in and HP IB system system controller mode talker listener mode pa...

Page 627: ...ode allows the analyzer to act as either a talker or a listener as required by the controlling computer for the particular operation in progress Pass Control Mode This mode allows the computer to control the analyzer via HP IB as with the talker listener mode but also allows the analyzer to take control of the interface in order to plot print or access a disk During an analyzer controlled peripher...

Page 628: ...word and the fourth mnemonic letter is the rst letter of the second word For example ELED is derived from electrical delay If there are many commands grouped together in a category as in markers or plotting pen numbers the command is increased to 8 letters The rst 4 letters are the category label derived using rule 1 The last 4 letters are the function speci er again derived using rule 1 As an exa...

Page 629: ...e codes require appendages ON OFF 1 2 etc Codes that do not have a front panel equivalent are HP IB only commands They use a similar convention based on the common name of the function Valid Characters The analyzer accepts the following ASCII characters letters numbers decimal points 0 semicolons quotation marks carriage returns CR linefeeds LF Both upper and lower case letters are acceptable Carr...

Page 630: ...tz NS Nanoseconds GHz Gigahertz PS Picoseconds FS Femtoseconds HP IB Debug Mode An HP IB diagnostic feature debug mode is available in the HP IB menu Activating the debug mode causes the analyzer to scroll incoming HP IB commands across the display Nonprintable characters are represented with a Any time the analyzer receives a syntax error the commands halt and a pointer indicates the misunderstoo...

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Page 632: ...t Results contains instructions for saving to disk or the analyzer internal memory and printing and plotting displayed measurements Types of Memory and Data Storage The analyzer utilizes two types of memory and can also utilize the internal disk drive or be connected to an external disk drive Volatile Memory This is dynamic read write memory of approximately 2 Mbytes that contains all of the param...

Page 633: ...olatile memory at any one time is limited to 31 instrument states 128 calibrations 4 per instrument state including the present instrument state and 64 memory traces 2 per instrument state including the present instrument state In addition the number of instrument states and associated calibrations and memory traces are limited by the available memory To display the amount of unused memory on the ...

Page 634: ... 2 3 52 7 k 14 k 29 k 58 k 2 Port N 2 6 2 12 52 29 k 58 k 115 k 230 k Interpolated cal Same as above in addition to regular cal Power Meter Cal Ny 2 2 2 number of channelsz 208 1 k 1 8 k 3 4 k 6 6 k Measurement Data Memory trace array N 2 6 52 2 5 k 4 9 k 9 7 k 19 k Instrument State 3 k 3 k 3 k 3 k N number of points This variable is allocated once per active channel y The number of points that wa...

Page 635: ...yed as Bytes free is the available disk space If your disk is formatted in LIF this value is the largest contiguous block of disk space Since the analyzer is reporting the largest contiguous block of disk space you may or may not see the bytes free number change when you delete les If your disk is formatted in DOS the number reported as bytes free is the total available disk space That number is u...

Page 636: ...oints When an instrument state is deleted from memory the associated calibration set is also deleted if it is unused by any other state The following hints will help you avoid potential problems If a measurement is saved with calibration and interpolated calibration on it will be restored with interpolated calibration on A calibration stored from one instrument and recalled by a di erent one will ...

Page 637: ... RST command over HP IB although the self test routines are not executed You also can con gure an instrument state and de ne it as your user preset state 1 Set the instrument state to your desired preset conditions 2 Save the state save recall menu 3 Rename that register to UPRESET 4 Press 4PRESET5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRESET USER The 4PRESET5 key is now toggled to the NNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Page 638: ...Channels On Coupled Port Power On Power Range Auto Range 0 Number of Points 201 Preset Conditions Preset Value Frequency List Frequency List Empty Edit Mode Start Stop Number of Points Response Conditions Parameter Channel 1 S11 Channel 2 S21 Conversion O Format Log Magnitude all inputs Display Data Color Selections Same as before 4PRESET5 Dual Channel O Active Channel Channel 1 Frequency Blank Di...

Page 639: ...B O Marker Tracking O Marker Stimulus O set 0 Hz Marker Value O set 0 dB Marker Aux O set Phase 0 Degrees Preset Conditions Preset Value Marker Statistics O Polar Marker Lin Mkr Smith Marker R jX Mkr Limit Lines Limit Lines O Limit Testing O Limit List Empty Edit Mode Upper Lower Limits Stimulus O set 0 Hz Amplitude O set 0 dB Limit Type Sloping Line Beep Fail O Time Domain Transform O Transform T...

Page 640: ...nal Memory Disk Format LIF Sequencing2 Loop Counter 0 TTL OUT High Service Modes HP IB Diagnostic O Source Phase Lock Loop On Preset Conditions Preset Value Sampler Correction On Spur Avoidance On Aux Input Resolution Low Analog Bus Node 11 Aux Input Plot Plot Data On Plot Memory On Plot Graticule On Plot Text On Plot Marker On Autofeed On Plot Quadrant Full Page Scale Plot Full Plot Speed Fast Pe...

Page 641: ... 1 00 1 0 Polar 1 00 1 0 Linear Magnitude 0 1 0 0 0 0 Real 0 2 5 0 0 0 Imaginary 0 2 5 0 0 0 SWR 1 00 0 0 1 0 Table 12 4 Power on Conditions versus Preset HP IB MODE Talker listener SAVE REGISTERS Power meter calibration data and calibration data not associated with an instrument state are cleared COLOR DISPLAY Default color values INTENSITY Factory stored values The factory values can be changed ...

Page 642: ... set to defaults REG1 through REG32 EXTERNAL REGISTER TITLES1 store les are set to defaults FILE1 through FILE 5 PRINT TYPE is set to default MONOCHROME PRINTING PLOTTING SETUPS are set to the following defaults PARALLEL PORT COPY PLOTTER TYPE PLOTTER PLOTTER PORT SERIAL PLOTTER BAUD RATE 9600 PLOTTER HANDSHAKE Xon Xo PRINTER TYPE DESKJET PRINTER PORT PARALLEL PRINTER BAUD RATE 19200 PRINTER HANDS...

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Page 644: ...entation of the standard instruments and software packages using CITI le are able to load and work with data created on another instrument or computer It is possible for example for a network analyzer to directly load and display data measured on a scalar analyzer or for a software package running on a computer to read data measured on the network analyzer Data Formats There are two main types of ...

Page 645: ...d in the instrument This results in a single le which contains eight CITI le packages The CITI le Header The header section contains information about the data that will follow It may also include information about the setup of the instrument that measured the data The CITI le header shown in Example 1 has just the bare minimum of information necessary no instrument setup information was included ...

Page 646: ... Keyword Reference When reading a CITI le unrecognized keywords should be ignored This allows new keywords to be added without a ecting an older program or instrument that might not use the new keywords The older instrument or program can still use the rest of the data in the CITI le as it did before Ignoring unknown keywords allows backwards compatibility to be maintained The CITI le Data Format ...

Page 647: ... 3 1 47980E 3 3 67867E 3 0 67782E 3 3 43990E 3 0 58746E 3 2 70664E 4 9 76175E 4 0 65892E 4 9 61571E 4 END Example 3 8510 Data le Example 3 shows a CITI le package created from the data register of an 8510 Network Analyzer In this case 10 points of real and imaginary data was stored and frequency information was recorded in a segment list table Example CITIFILE A 01 00 NA VERSION HP8510B 05 00 NAME...

Page 648: ...CITI le implementations should strive to handle data arrays that are arranged in any order Example CITIFILE A 01 00 NA VERSION HP8510B 05 00 NAME CAL_SET NA REGISTER 1 VAR FREQ MAG 4 DATA E 1 RI DATA E 2 RI DATA E 3 RI NA SWEEP_TIME 9 999987E 2 NA POWER1 1 0E1 NA POWER2 1 0E1 NA PARAMS 2 NA CAL_TYPE 3 NA POWER_SLOPE 0 0E0 NA SLOPE_MODE 0 NA TRIM_SWEEP 0 NA SWEEP_MODE 4 NA LOWPASS_FLAG 1 NA FREQ_IN...

Page 649: ...de is used as it was in Example 4 a list of frequencies is stored in the le after the VAR LIST BEGIN statement The unsorted frequency list segments used by this instrument to create the VAR LIST BEGIN data are de ned in the NA ARB SEG statements Conclusion The descriptions and examples shown here demonstrate how CITI le may be used to store and transfer both measurement information and data The us...

Page 650: ...n of the standards used DELAY TABLE Delay coe cients for calibration VAR VAR FREQ MAG 201 de nes the name of the independent variable FREQ the format of values in a VAR LIST BEGIN table MAG if used and the number of data points 201 Typical names for the independent variable are FREQ in Hz TIME in seconds and POWER in dBm For the VAR LIST BEGIN table only the MAG format is supported at this point N...

Page 651: ...change when the independent variable changes CONSTANTs are part of the main CITI le de nition Users must not de ne their own CONSTANTs Use the KEYWORD device speci cation to create your own KEYWORD instead The NA device speci cation is an example of this No constants were de ned for revision A 01 00 of CITI le CITI le revision A 01 01 de ned the following constant CONSTANT TIME year month day hour...

Page 652: ...er 2 11 a limit test 2 43 display markers 2 10 active channel of display 1 8 entry area of display 1 8 marker control 2 10 active and inactive markers 2 10 active channel keys 1 4 6 8 uncoupling stimulus 6 8 ac voltage selector switch 1 10 adapter kits 11 2 adapter removal 5 42 6 101 ADC 6 5 additional features 1 2 address capability 11 17 addresses HP IB 6 104 11 20 adjust 10 MHz 1 11 adjusting t...

Page 653: ...th system how to widen 5 52 basic measurement sequence and example 2 3 basic system maintenance service option 1 13 basic talker T6 11 18 battery backup for memory 12 2 battery life 4 33 bias inputs and fuses locations 1 11 bi directional lines 11 16 blanking the display 6 42 broad band power meter calibration connections 3 13 bus device modes 11 19 structure 11 15 11 16 C C10 pass control capabil...

Page 654: ...dth 5 57 changing parameters 5 5 changing the sequence title 2 58 channel 1 and 2 ratio measurement 2 7 channel display titling 2 8 channel keys 6 8 uncoupling stimulus 6 8 channel power coupling 6 15 channel power coupling harmonic operation 6 115 channel stimulus coupling 6 20 channel viewing 2 5 characteristic power meter calibration speed and accuracy 5 33 characteristics 7 1 characterizing mi...

Page 655: ...4 3 36 second portion of conversion compression measurement 3 30 up converter port 3 3 connection techniques 2 2 connector auxiliary input 1 11 care of 2 2 care quick reference 2 2 external am 1 11 external trigger 1 11 for external monitor 1 10 1 11 for HP IB 1 10 for keyboard 1 10 limit test 1 11 parallel centronics interface 1 10 probe power source 1 5 R channel 1 5 serial RS 232 interface 1 10...

Page 656: ...s 12 6 plotter pen numbers 4 13 de ned plotting components 4 12 de ne standard menus 6 78 de ning a plot 4 12 the print 4 5 de nition of calibration standards 5 26 de nition of front panel keys 9 2 delay electrical 6 38 delay block electrical 6 6 deleting all instrument state les 4 41 an instrument state 4 41 a single instrument state le 4 41 frequency segments 5 35 limit segments 2 42 sequence co...

Page 657: ...nts 5 34 limits 6 107 limit segments 2 42 segments 6 107 test sequences 6 139 electrical delay block 6 6 electrical delay 6 38 of calibration standards 5 6 electrical length and phase distortion measurement 2 30 electrically long devices causes of measurement problems 5 48 how to improve measurement results 5 48 making accurate measurements of 5 48 electrical o set 6 67 electrostatic precautions 7...

Page 658: ... guration 11 12 how to solve problems with 4 43 external keyboard 7 36 external monitor connector 1 10 external reference frequency input EXT REF INPUT 7 34 external source mode 6 109 applications 6 109 auto 6 110 capture range 6 111 CW frequency range 6 111 description 6 110 frequency modulation 6 111 manual 6 110 requirements 6 111 speci cations 7 29 sweep types 6 111 test setup 6 110 external t...

Page 659: ...nectors 7 33 front panel features 1 4 front panel key de nitions 9 2 full acceptor handshake AH1 11 18 full source handshake SH1 11 18 full two port calibration 6 73 error correction 5 20 G gain and reverse isolation measurement 2 49 gain compression measurement 2 45 gate ags 2 70 parameter setting 2 70 shaping 2 70 gate span setting 2 70 gating 6 6 procedure 2 70 time domain 6 133 gating e ects i...

Page 660: ... power calibration factors 5 34 enter the power sensor calibration data 5 34 error correct for frequency response 5 8 error correct for frequency response and isolation 5 13 error correct for full two port measurements 5 20 error correct for one port re ection measurements 5 17 error correct for response and isolation for re ection measurements 5 13 error correct for response and isolation for tra...

Page 661: ...3 sequence tests 2 53 set auto sweep time mode 5 51 set center frequency with markers 2 18 set CW frequency using markers 2 21 set display reference using markers 2 20 set electrical delay using markers 2 21 set frequency range 2 3 set frequency span with markers 2 19 set source power 2 4 set start frequency with markers 2 17 set stop frequency with markers 2 17 set the measurement parameters 2 3 ...

Page 662: ...etwork analyzer 6 109 tuned receiver 6 111 instrument state 6 102 108 contents 4 33 deleting all les 4 41 deleting a single le 4 41 memory requirements 12 3 saving 4 33 4 35 instrument state function block location 1 5 instrument state in memory 12 1 instrument states in memory 12 2 interconnect devices max number 11 17 interconnecting cables 5 2 interconnection cable max length 11 17 interface ad...

Page 663: ...ine types available 4 14 line voltage selector switch 1 10 LIN MKR 2 15 2 16 listener interface function 11 15 listen mode L 11 19 list frequencies modifying 6 23 list frequency sweep 6 22 list values printing or plotting 4 30 L listen mode 11 19 loading a sequence from disk 2 60 load match 6 52 uncorrected speci cations 7 2 4LOCAL5 key 6 103 4LOCAL5 menu map 8 7 location 10 MHz precision referenc...

Page 664: ... 20 set electrical delay 2 21 set frequency span 2 19 set measurement parameters 2 16 setting center frequency 2 18 setting start frequency 2 17 setting stop frequency 2 17 smith chart 6 49 Smith chart markers 2 15 Smith or polar format 2 12 target mode 6 49 tracking amplitude 2 25 using 6 47 49 zero 2 13 marker stats bandwidth on display 1 9 masking time domain 6 127 mass storage 11 5 matched ada...

Page 665: ... 28 mixer group delay or phase 3 24 mixer isolation 3 33 mixers xed IF 3 17 non coaxial 2 76 optimized 5 1 optimizing 4 43 power meter calibration for 3 6 RF feedthrough for mixers 3 35 swept RF IF mixers 3 7 using the tuned receiver mode 2 51 measurement setup diagram shown on analyzer display 3 31 measurement setup from display 3 10 measurement times 7 33 measurement title 4 29 measurement uncer...

Page 666: ... 6 reducing the e ect of spurious responses 3 2 RF feedthrough 3 35 swept RF IF measurement 3 7 mixer testing 6 149 160 accuracy 6 150 amplitude and phase tracking 6 159 attenuation 6 151 conversion compression 6 158 conversion loss 6 156 down conversion 6 153 ltering 6 152 frequency accuracy 6 153 frequency o set mode 6 149 frequency selection 6 153 frequency stability 6 153 group delay 6 159 iso...

Page 667: ...perating conditions 7 36 operating parameters printing or plotting 4 30 operation frequency o set 6 112 harmonic 6 115 of the network analyzer 6 2 operational capabilities for HP IB 11 18 operation concepts 6 1 operation of HP IB 11 15 operations instrument 6 109 116 optimizing calibration standards 5 6 measurement results 5 1 measurements 4 43 option 002 harmonic mode 1 12 006 6 GHz operation 1 1...

Page 668: ... PEN NUM TEXT 4 13 pen plotter con guring to plot 4 10 11 11 plotting multiple measurements per page 4 17 performance veri cation measurement accuracy 5 3 peripheral addresses 11 20 con gurations 4 4 4 8 11 8 connections to analyzer 4 8 peripheral equipment 6 3 peripherals 11 1 connecting 11 7 phase speci cations 7 29 phase and magnitude response measurement 2 27 phase characteristics 7 31 phase d...

Page 669: ... not respond to parallel poll 11 18 precautions electrostatic 7 36 pre raw data arrays 6 6 preset key location 1 5 4PRESET5 menu map 8 12 preset state 12 6 principles of microwave connector care 2 2 print aborting 4 30 de nition 4 5 multiple measurements per page 4 7 solving problems 4 32 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT ALL use 4 31 printer color 4 6 con guration 4 4 4 9 11 8 mode 4 6 outputti...

Page 670: ...g a sequence command 2 57 modifying calibration standards 5 26 modifying TRL calibration standards 5 28 modifying TRMM calibration standards 5 30 o setting limit lines 2 44 outputting a single page of values 4 30 outputting multiple plots to a single page using a printer 4 25 outputting plot les 4 20 outputting plot les from a PC to a plotter 4 22 outputting plot les from a PC to a printer 4 23 ou...

Page 671: ...4 20 viewing the measurement data and memory trace 2 6 procedures error correcting measurements 5 7 LO to RF isolation for mixers 3 33 mixer conversion compression 3 28 mixer RF feedthrough 3 35 power meter calibration for mixer measurements 3 6 processing details 6 5 programming 11 14 programming command to key function cross reference 9 48 programming interface 11 14 programming speci cations 7 ...

Page 672: ...on 6 75 results of measurement saving 4 36 retention of memory data 4 33 return to HP calibration agreement option 1 13 return to HP calibration option 1 13 return to HP full service agreement option 1 13 return to HP repair agreement option 1 13 reverse isolation and gain measurement 2 49 reviewing the limit line segments 2 43 RF how de ned for mixers 3 2 RF feedthrough 3 35 R jX MKR 2 16 RL1 com...

Page 673: ...1 17 setting gate parameters 2 70 setting HP IB addresses 11 20 setting measurement parameters using markers 2 16 sex of type N calibration standard 5 6 SH1 full source handshake 11 18 shape of gate 2 70 shipment weight 7 37 shortened sweep time 5 50 signal ow in a mixer example 3 33 single bus concept 11 19 single page of values printed or plotted 4 30 single point limits 2 41 six gigahertz opera...

Page 674: ...nitions entering 5 26 examining 5 26 modifying 5 26 standards calibration 5 6 de ning menus 6 78 standard system maintenance service option 1 13 start frequency set with markers 2 17 starting a plot 4 16 a print 4 6 start values possible 1 6 statistics calculation 2 26 status indicators 11 19 HP IB 6 104 status notation 1 8 status notations 1 7 step attenuator 6 2 switch protection 6 19 step keys ...

Page 675: ...s 7 33 test port power increasing 5 56 test ports 3 5 mm test port speci cations 7 8 50 type N test port speci cations 7 5 75 type F test port speci cations 7 14 75 type N test port speci cations 7 11 test sequence size of 6 139 using HP IB 6 144 test sequence connector location 1 11 test sequence output TEST SEQ 7 35 test sequencing autostarting 6 139 cascading multiple sequences 2 61 changing th...

Page 676: ...measurements forward 6 135 transform menu 6 117 transform modes time domain bandpass 6 117 time domain low pass impulse 6 117 time domain low pass step 6 117 transistor test xtures 11 3 transmission measurements using bandpass mode 6 121 using low pass mode 6 125 transmission response in time domain 2 68 transmission tracking uncorrected speci cations 7 2 trigger menu 6 18 tri state drivers E2 11 ...

Page 677: ... measurements 7 2 understanding S parameters 6 26 units 11 23 units terminator 6 9 status notation 1 8 up converter port connections 3 3 user kit modi ed 5 28 modifying 5 28 saving 5 28 user kit saved to disk 5 28 using AmiPro 4 21 Freelance 4 22 V valid characters 11 22 values list 4 30 vector error correction 6 6 velocity factor for time domain measurements 2 75 veri cation kit 11 2 verifying pe...

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