Atari 1040STE, Field Service Manual

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SECTION EIGHT: GLOSSARY
1772 Floppy Disk Controller
6850 Also ACIA (Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter). Each one
provides an asynchronous communications channel. In the STE, there are two
6850s, one for keyboard communication, and one for MIDI communication.
68901 See MFP.
BUS ERROR GSTMCU has asserted BERR to inform the processor that there is a
problem with the current cycle. This could be due to a device not responding (for
example, CPU tries to read memory but the Memory Controller fails to assert
DTACK), or an illegal access (attempting to write to ROM). A bus error causes
exception processing.
CPU Central Processing Unit, the 68000 microprocessor.
DMA Direct Memory Access. Process in which data is transferred from external
storage device to RAM, or from RAM to external storage. Transfer is very fast, and
takes place independent of the CPU, so that the CPU can be processing while DMA
is taking place. GSTMCU arbitrates the bus between the CPU and DMA.
DMA CONTROLLER Atari proprietary chip which controls the DMA process. All disk
I/O goes through this device.
EXCEPTION A state in which the processor stops the current activity, saves what it
will need to resume the activity later in RAM, fetches a vector (address) from RAM,
and starts executing at the address vector. When the exception processing is done,
the processor will continue what it was doing before the exception occurred.
Exceptions can be caused by interrupts, instructions, or error conditions. See also
System Errors, or a 68000 reference for more detail.
GSTMCU Atari proprietary chip which ties together all system timing and control
signals.
HALT State in which the CPU is idle, all bus lines are in the high-impedence state,
and can only be ended with a RESET input. This is a bidirectional pin on the CPU. It
is driven externally by the RESET circuit on power-up or a reset button closure, and
internally when a double bus fault occurs. A double bus fault is an error during a
sequence which is run to handle a previous error. For example, if a bus error occurs,
and during the exception processing for the bus error, another bus error occurs, then
the CPU will assert HALT.
HSYNC Timing signal for the video display. Determines when horizontal scan is on
the screen, and when it is blank (retracing). The synchronization (approx. every 63
microseconds) It is also encoded onto IPL2..0 to cause a level 2 auto-vectored
interrupt to the CPU.
INTERRUPT A request by a device for the processor to stop what it is doing and
perform processing for the device. It is a type of exception. Interrupts are maskable
in software, meaning they will be ignored if they do not meet the current priority level
of the CPU. There are three priorities:
The highest are MFP interrupts, then VSYNC interrupts, and lowest are HSYNC
inte«upts. Interrupts are signaled to the CPU on the Interrupt Priority Level inputs
(IPL0-2). See Theory of Operation, Main System, MFP, and GSTMCU.