Alstom MiCOM P54 Series, Technical Manual, Page: 182 / 1024

P54x/EN OP/La4 Operation
(OP) 5-8
MiCOM P543, P544, P545 & P546
OP
6. P544/P546 CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL AND AUTO-RECLOSE
FIGURES (AR FIGURES)
207
7. P544/P546 CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL AND AUTO-RECLOSE LOGIC:
INTERNAL SIGNAL DEFIN ITIONS
263
FIGURES
Figure 1 Relay bias characteristic 13
Figure 2 Differential logic diagram 14
Figure 3 Propagation delay measurement 15
Figure 4 Example of switched synchronous digital hierarchy 17
Figure 5 Data transmission 18
Figure 6 Capacitive charging current 19
Figure 7 Transformer magnetizing characteristic 21
Figure 8 Magnetizing inrush waveforms 22
Figure 9 Need for zero-sequence current filtering 23
Figure 10 Breaker and a half application 24
Figure 11 Stub bus protection 25
Figure 12 Trip conversion scheme logic 27
Figure 13 Pole dead logic for P543/P545 28
Figure 14 Pole dead logic for P544/P546 29
Figure 15 Phase fault Mho characteristics (Distance option only) 30
Figure 16 Earth fault quadrilateral characteristics (Distance option only) 31
Figure 17 Phase to phase currents showing change for CN fault 33
Figure 18 Expansion of zone 1 for the default polarizing setting Vpol=1 (Distance option only) 34
Figure 19 Quadrilateral characteristics (directional line shown simplified) (Distance option only) 36
Figure 20 Offset quadrilateral for zone 3 (Distance option only) 37
Figure 21 Reactance line - top line of quadrilateral (Distance option only) 37
Figure 22 Resistive reach line (load blinder) (Distance option only) 39
Figure 23 Load blinder characteristics (Distance option only) 43
Figure 24 Basic scheme delayed trip (Distance option only) 44
Figure 25 Power swing detected for 3 cycles continuous

I (Distance option only) 45
Figure 26 Power swing blocking (Distance option only) 47
Figure 27 Out of step detection characteristic (Distance option only) 48
Figure 28 Out of step algorithm (Distance option only) 50
Figure 29 Trip on close (Distance option only) 51
Figure 30 Trip on close based on CNV level detectors (Distance option only) 52
Figure 31 Sequence networks connection for an internal A-N fault (Distance option only) 56
Figure 32 Aided scheme logic overview (Distance option only) 59
Figure 33 Send logic (Distance option only) 60
Figure 34 Receive logic (Distance option only) 60