Glossary
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Hidden partition
. A partition that is somehow made invisible to the operating system.
Usually partitions are hidden by changing their type.
Label
. An optional name that can be assigned to a partition to simplify its identification.
Usually has the same limitation as file names. For example, FAT partitions have labels up
to 11 characters long, but may contain spaces.
Letter (of a drive, partition)
. All operating systems that are DOS-compatible use Latin
letters to identify drives and partitions. Letters A: and B: are usually reserved for floppy
drives. Starting with C:, letters are assigned to hard disk partitions that can be recognized
by the operating system. Separate letters may be assigned to CD-ROMs, DVDs, or other
disk drives, and to network drives.
Logical disk
is a partition whose file system is recognized by the operating system.
Usually each logical disk is assigned with a letter that uniquely identifies it.
Logical partition
. Partition information that is located not in MBR, but in the extended
partition table. The number of logical partitions on a disk is unlimited.
Master boot record (MBR)
is located in the first sector of the first hard disk and stores
information about the hard disk partitioning and code that is loaded with BIOS. All the
actions that follow depend on the contents of this code.
Operating system
is a set of programs that usually includes kernel, drivers, shell and
system programs that are used for centralized hardware management and hiding the
details of hardware management from the user and applications.
Operating system booting
is initiated by loading its boot sector to memory at 0:7C00h
address and passing control to it. Since every operating system has its own boot sector, it
is able to perform all the necessary actions to load and initialize system and configuration
files.
A boot manager usually supports multiple operating systems on one computer and even
one partition, so it has to perform some preparatory actions (create the boot context)
before booting an operating system.
Partition
. An independent area on a hard disk where a file system can be located. A
partition can be either primary or logical, depending on its position in the partition
structure. One of the primary partitions of a hard disk may be active. A partition has the
following attributes: type, beginning and size. Some partition management software and
boot managers allow for the hiding of partitions. Information about partitions is stored in
the partition table.
Partitioning
. The process of creating the logical structure on a hard disk. Partitioning is
usually done with programs such as FDISK — a component of DOS and Windows. Disk
Administrator completely replaces FDISK where functionality is concerned and allows
performance of many additional useful operations.
Partition structure
. All the partitions on a hard disk make a tree with the root in the MBR
partition table. Many operating systems and programs assume that any partition table but
