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Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide

Edition 2, 2006-09

Microprocessor based controllers for point-on-wave switching of ABB
circuit breakers for transient reduction and improved power quality.

Controlled Switching

Buyer´s Guide
Application Guide

Summary of Contents for Switchsync E113

Page 1: ... Buyer s Guide Edition 2 2006 09 Microprocessor based controllers for point on wave switching of ABB circuit breakers for transient reduction and improved power quality Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide Application Guide ...

Page 2: ...r Banks and Harmonic Filters D 1 Shunt Reactors E 1 Power Transformers F 1 Transmission Lines G 1 Adaptive Functions H 1 Impact of Substation Configuration I 1 Circuit Breakers with Staggered Poles J 1 Technical Data Technical and Shipping Data K 1 Drawings L 1 Accessories M 1 Quality Testing and Commissioning N 1 Inquiry Data O 1 Technical Information Chapter Page Application ...

Page 3: ...236 T183 and L183 have provisions for two external predictive inputs e g temperature variation control voltage These functions make it possible to achieve added precision in the timing of the controlled circuit breaker They also have a data memory that stores information on switching times thus permitting condition monitoring of the circuit breaker Sensors for compensation purposes and communicati...

Page 4: ...s normally block energizing of the capacitor banks until they are discharged The shunt capacitor banks may be arranged either as a single bank or in a back to back configuration Shunt Reactors The magnetic as well as electric circuit may vary The following types of reactors may apply Shell type Core type single phase units five limbed type or three limbed type Air core type The electric circuit ma...

Page 5: ...me applications it may be useful to de energize a capacitor bank or filter bank such that it will be left at a certain voltage polarity This is possible since the controller reference is a rectified signal making it possible to set the target with respect to the voltage polarity Shunt Reactors All types of shunt reactors independent of magnetic and electric circuit can be switched in a controlled ...

Page 6: ...g the stresses at energizing of a transformer it may also be useful to implement controlled de energizing as the basic aim in some specific applications like switching arc furnace transformers This is especially the case when vacuum circuit breakers are used which may for unfavorable arcing times cause repetitive re ignitions and can be done even if the circuit breaker is three pole operated and n...

Page 7: ...183 have the option of operating either in rapid or secure mode In rapid mode the operating mode for model L183 after the input check has been performed the controller accepts the first found reference voltage zero In secure mode the controller will accept the fourth reference voltage zero after completion of the input check Each cycle time of the last three cycles prior to output activation must ...

Page 8: ...next making operation is determined by load side voltage measurements Phase Shifts All targets are expressed with respect to a reference time instant that for all controllers is a busbar voltage zero or in special applications a current zero For controlled closing the target s are defined as a certain phase shift s with respect to the reference For controlled opening the ultimate targets are certa...

Page 9: ...he controllers F236 L183 and T183 each have two compensation sensor inputs An example of possible external conditions that can be compensated for are operating time variations due to ambient temperature changes and variations in auxiliary voltage for the circuit breaker coils Any external parameter variation giving a known dependency can be compensated for by suitable sensors The sensors are optio...

Page 10: ...pecial operating mechanisms having no operating coils like the Motor Drive additional resistors simulating the coils must be installed in parallel with the output command circuits Suitable resistors are for example ELFA 60 674 33 Staggering In controlled switching the optimum targets for each circuit breaker pole do not coincide When three pole operated circuit breakers are used a mechanical phase...

Page 11: ...ose or Trip Circuit Supervision should be installed in the controller input circuit System and Switching Conditions Grounding of the Load The type of grounding of the load is an important parameter for defining the optimum targets for controlled switching The grounding of the load also defines the optimum mechanical staggering of the three pole operated circuit breakers Connection of Main Circuit ...

Page 12: ... in accordance with international standards See Quality Control and Testing Chapter N 1 Commissioning Commissioning Upon commissioning it is advisable to record some controlled switching operations to judge the overall performance of the complete controlled switching system When controlled switching is arranged by using controllers E113 E213 and F236 our recommendation is to record the following q...

Page 13: ...Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide B 10 Edition 2 2006 09 Explanations U S T O M E R S O T E S ...

Page 14: ... controlled opening operations Conventional countermeasures such as pre insertion resistors damping reactors or resistors or arresters are used to limit the magnitude and effect of the switching tran sients after they have occurred In addition system and equipment insulation may be upgraded to withstand the stresses These methods however may be inefficient unreli able or expensive and do not treat...

Page 15: ...dynamic dielectric withstand capabil ity between the contacts both upon making and breaking operations These properties together with the stable operating times make these circuit breakers well suited for controlled switching A typical example of measured RRDS Rate of Rise of Dielectric Strength of a circuit breaker is shown in figure below where x points represent voltage breakdowns at a certain ...

Page 16: ...st result shown for the extreme conditions where the control voltage varies between 70 and 110 SwitchsyncTM for Condition Monitoring The SwitchsyncTM controllers F236 L183 and T183 have integrated data memories that store information on make times for a large number of operations This information may be used for condition monitoring of the con trolled circuit breaker Experience ABB has nearly 20 y...

Page 17: ...Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide C 4 Edition 2 2006 09 Application Introduction U S T O M E R S O T E S ...

Page 18: ...influence of statistical variations Upon a closing operation the contacts in a circuit breaker pole will have a dielectric with stand capability that rapidly decreases from a high starting value towards zero when the contacts touch This property is often referred to as RDDS Rate of Decrease of Dielectric Strength of the circuit breaker In an ideal case the circuit breaker con tacts should touch ex...

Page 19: ... from voltage zero across contacts discussed in Figure 1 have been disregarded Required time staggering for grounded shunt capacitor bank Required time staggering for ungrounded shunt capacitor bank 6 7 ms 3 3 ms 0 ms 0 ms 5 ms 0 ms One phase of 300 kV 200 Mvar capacitor bank Norway Sometimes however damping reactors are utilized in order to limit high frequency tran sients created by interaction ...

Page 20: ...ted on site Correct connection depends on the circuit breaker type and is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 for the LTB 145D1 BGS With a posi tive phase sequence R S T of the supply network the phase pole connections in this case shall be Figure 4 and 5 Connection of staggered LTB 145D1 BGS circuit breaker for shunt capacitor bank with grounded neutral If the recommended pole phase connections are no...

Page 21: ...chsync F236 Both closing and opening Switchsync E213 Suitable conditions for combined controlled open ing and controlled closing exist for ungrounded capacitor banks The need for controlled opening of grounded capacitor banks is low R S T Switchsync F236 Oin Cin Oout Cout Uref Load Shunt Capacitor or Harmonic Filter R S T Load Shunt Capacitor or Harmonic Filter Switchsync E113 Cin Cout Uref R S T ...

Page 22: ...and Harmonic Filters Compensation for control voltage temperature etc Check that correct circuit breaker solution exists No individual adaptation control F236 C O E113 C E213 C O E213 C O F236 C O No F236 C O E113 C Grounded Bank Grounded Bank No No Yes Yes Yes Data Storage and or Compensation Circuit Breaker Operation 1 pole 3 pole Mechanically Staggered Start ...

Page 23: ...Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide D 6 Edition 2 2006 09 Application Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters U S T O M E R S O T E S ...

Page 24: ...D con nection and grounding conditions therefore influences the switching sequences utilized for controlled switching Switching of Shunt Reactors Medium voltage reactors connected to ter tiary windings of transformers in most cases have air insulated windings without iron cores Use of Neutral Reactors For line connected shunt reactors an ad ditional single phase reactor neutral reactor is sometime...

Page 25: ...nerated Control of Opening Operations Switchsync controllers for shunt reactor circuit breakers are normally used for control of opening operations Uncontrolled de en ergizing will in a typical case cause reigni tion in at least one circuit breaker pole By controlling the contact separation in such a manner that short arcing times will not occur reignitions will be eliminated The remain ing voltag...

Page 26: ...chanically Staggered Cir cuit Breakers In a similar way as for controlled energizing of grounded shunt capacitor banks by means of three pole operated mechanically staggered circuit breakers it is for some reactor applications very important that the recommended pole phase connections are followed Three pole operated mechanically staggered cir cuit breakers are designed with shortest possible time...

Page 27: ...ed circuit breakers controlled opening operations may be arranged by use of mechanically staggered circuit breaker poles However it is normally not possible to control both opening and closing operations with mechanically staggered circuit breakers Switchsync Selection tree Switching of Shunt Reactors Compensation for control voltage temperature etc Check that correct circuit breaker solution exis...

Page 28: ...nt Current A few Amps Time U I Voltage 1 2 4 3 1 Steady voltage applied across the transformer winding 2 Steady flux generated by the applied voltage 3 Steady symmetrical flux de termining the shape of the mag netizing characteristics simpli fied in the figure 4 Resulting steady magnetizing current determined by the shape of the magnetizing character istics Power Transformer Design Three phase pow...

Page 29: ...n or has been determined by a previously performed controlled interruption It is assumed that the residual flux remains unchanged from the de energizing until the next energizing Flux Flux symmetry Time 0 Time 0 Flux Magnetising current Current Time kA Voltage Energizing instant Prospective voltage Prospective flux No residual flux High inrush current as a result of bad selected making instant Flu...

Page 30: ... 1 cycle Magnetizing current Peak flux at rated voltage Flux Residual flux level Control of Opening Operations In situations where there may be residual flux controlled opening operations may be utilized to control its magnitude and polar ity By using controlled opening operations as a support for the subsequent controlled closing operations the inrush current can be limited even further Closing O...

Page 31: ...nsformer core The goal is to make the flux in the core sym metrical from the start Disregarding residual flux the general principles in achieving this goal may be summarized as The first making should be made in one phase if the neutral of the primary wind ing is grounded or in two phases if the neutral is ungrounded Making should oc cur at maximum phase to ground voltage grounded neutral or maxim...

Page 32: ...ethod is suitable for regular planned switching of transformers under no load con ditions It is applicable in situations where the same circuit breaker will always perform the making and breaking operations If a trans former could be switched by different circuit breakers from time to time such as in double breaker or breaker and a half configurations control logic must be applied to ascertain tha...

Page 33: ...rder to attain sufficient accu racy Signals are obtained from precision auxiliary contacts on the circuit breaker The dielectric properties of the circuit breaker at closing RDDS Rate of Decrease of Dielec tric Strength must be known and are used when programming the controller The method relies on appropriate signals from voltage transformers to determine the residual flux There are however some ...

Page 34: ...er Transformers Application Check that correct circuit breaker solution exists Adaptation control requires precision auxiliary contacts Start Residual Flux Disregarded Yes Circuit Breaker Operation E113 C F236 O C T183 C 1 pole Circuit Breaker Operation 1 pole F236 C T183 C No 3 pole Not Suitable 3 pole Mechanically Staggered ...

Page 35: ...Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide F 8 Edition 2 2006 09 Application Power Transformers Switching of No load Power Transformers U S T O M E R S O T E S ...

Page 36: ...r zero Upon three phase reclosing operations nor mally after clearing of a single phase fault on the line with uncompensated overhead lines there may be more or less trapped charge on the healthy phases with corresponding DC voltage Such trapped charge may nor mally be disregarded in cases with magnetic voltage transformers connected to the line due to their low resistance to ground With capacitiv...

Page 37: ...on or even at re closing operations if the line is equipped with magnetic voltage transformers The method gives best results with circuit breakers having high RDDS 2 Use of Switchsync L183 More efficient limitation of switching overvol tages is achieved when the trapped charge on the line is recorded and taken into con sideration by the controlling device This solution is especially useful in situ...

Page 38: ...degree of compensation single or three pole reclosing type of Switchsync controller utilized position and type of surge arresters The acceptable switching overvoltage level depends on the insulation level of the sys tem Due to the variation of parameters the choice of Switchsync controller must be made on a case by case basis and often requires a study of the switching overvoltag es that may occur...

Page 39: ... 20 70 60 50 100 90 80 1 00 2 50 2 00 1 50 3 00 4 50 4 00 3 50 Overvoltage p u Distance in Percentage of Line Length No Control L183 F236 and SA at Line Ends Closing Resistors Range of SIWL used for line towers Switchsync Selection tree Switching of Lines Adaptation control requires precision auxiliary contacts Start Circuit Breaker Operation 3 pole 1 pole F236 C CAT Line Voltage Disregarded Yes F...

Page 40: ...ntended energizing instant The optimum way of supervising the energizing instant is to note the phase angle at which the circuit breaker starts to pre strike with respect to the selected reference This kind of control can easily be arranged by receiving the current start signal s CUR RENT DETECTION from a current trans former As an alternative the voltage onset instant s can be detected by means o...

Page 41: ... time between energizing instant and contact touch Detection delay to be programmed shown by continuous line The second alternative is to use the signal from the current transformers in the load branch The intended interrupting instants are known by the controller by its inputs If current is still flowing 1 4 of a cycle or more after intended interruption this will be detect ed and corrected for i...

Page 42: ...contact touch of the circuit breaker Impact of Substation Configuration on Adaptation Control Arrangement The tolerances for the adaptation signal shall be noted The substation layout may call for special solutions in some cases Figure 4 shows an example of a circuit breaker and a half scheme with controlled reactor circuit breakers In this example all current transformers are installed outside th...

Page 43: ...Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide H 4 Edition 2 2006 09 U S T O M E R S O T E S Application Adaptive Functions ...

Page 44: ... operational flexibility in a scheme as shown in the figure circuit break er CB2 requires two controllers B and C The source side reference when switching in Line 1 will be the line side voltage of Line 2 Furthermore the line side voltage of Line 1 will become the guiding reference when switching in Line 2 only one reference and only one load three load side voltages can be connected to each Switc...

Page 45: ...pgrading of adaptation information for CB2 controllers will change only for the controller receiving the input command If the operational conditions are such that switching will be rare the advantage of ad aptation control is also less As an alterna tive external parameter compensation can be installed Other examples of controlled circuit breakers requiring special consideration are bus cou plers ...

Page 46: ...ng Buyer s Guide J 1 Edition 2 2006 09 Circuit Breakers with Staggered Poles Application Impact of Substation Configuration Disconnecting circuit breaker for controlled power transformer switching in a 420 kV substation ...

Page 47: ...BUS Capacitor Y N and Delta 50 5 0 0 HPL 72 5 300B1US 50 5 0 0 LTB 72 5 170D1 BUS 60 4 2 0 0 HPL 72 5 300B1US 60 4 2 0 0 LTB 72 5 170D1 BGS Y 0 50 6 7 0 3 3 LTB 72 5 170D1 BGS 60 5 6 0 2 8 HPL 72 5 300B1GS 50 0 6 7 3 3 LTB 245E1GS 50 0 6 7 3 3 HPL 72 5 300B1GS 60 0 5 6 2 8 LTB 245E1GS 60 0 5 6 2 8 Opening HPL 300B1 GS Reactor Y 0 5 leg bank 50 0 6 7 3 3 US Ungrounded bank GS Grounded bank Please n...

Page 48: ...cket screws for easy plug in connection of recording device during commissioning tests Ambient temperature 30 55 C 30 55 C 30 55 C 30 55 C Immunity tests Power interruption test IEC 60255 11 IEC 61000 4 11 EN 61000 4 11 IEC 61000 4 11 EN 61000 4 11 IEC 61000 4 11 EN 61000 4 11 Power frequency withstand 2 kV 1 min IEC 60255 5 IEC 60255 5 IEC 60255 5 IEC 60255 5 Surge Transients IEC 60255 4 Cl III I...

Page 49: ... 0 12 0 12 0 Net weight kg 3 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 Dimension box m 0 4 x 0 3 x 0 2 0 42 x 0 42 x 0 4 0 42 x 0 42 x 0 4 0 42 x 0 42 x 0 4 Volume m3 0 024 0 071 0 071 0 071 Technical Information Shipping Data Rear view of Switchsync Controller F236 Switchsync Controller L183 Switchsync Controller T183 Switchsync Controller E213 Switchsync Controller F236 ...

Page 50: ...uyer s Guide L 1 Edition 2 2006 09 Drawings Technical Information Dimensions for SwitchsyncTM E113 and E213 138 146 257 298 31 Panel thickness 2 5 5 mm 144 140 mm 138 mm Mounting Hole Dimensions Front view Top view Rear view ...

Page 51: ...on Drawings Panel thickness 2 5 5 mm 31 257 298 282 138 144 288 Mounting Hole Dimensions Mounting 282 mm 138 mm Front view Top view Rear view The side mounted snap on counter screws shall be removed to allow for the controller to enter the hole in the panel In final position the screws are easily snapped back and tightened ...

Page 52: ...83 The kits can be ordered complete with transducers converters and cables Controllers F236 L183 and T183 can com pensate for two external parameters that may affect the operating times typically am bient temperature and auxiliary voltage Accessories Precision Auxiliary Contacts Precision auxiliary contacts may be used for adaptation control on contact touch They are basically intended for control...

Page 53: ...Controlled Switching Buyer s Guide M 2 Edition 2 2006 09 U S T O M E R S O T E S Technical Information Accessories ...

Page 54: ...e determination of contact separation instants For opera tions performed in adaptive mode read the display after each operation and cross check the displayed times against the recorded switching times Quality and Testing Circuit breakers and controllers are type and routine tested according to applicable stan dards The type tests are performed on rep resentative units while each device produced is...

Page 55: ...ections It will give an alarm if the recorded busbar voltage and load side voltage are dif ferent when the circuit breaker is closed Switchsync T183 To verify performance the following should be recorded Busbar voltages or at least the reference voltage Current in each phase Output commands from controller Functioning times of precision auxiliary con tacts if adaptation control is used The best wa...

Page 56: ...Available voltage start signal V or current start signal A For adaptive purposes VT or CT ratio Ambient temperature max min C For further circuit breaker data see Buyers Guide for Live Tank Circuit Breakers Inquiry Data etc A1 C1 B1 Lp Lp Lp L0 Reactor Grounded Reactor Designation of inductances in case of reactor grounded reactor L0 in relation to Lp must be known if a three pole operated circuit...

Page 57: ...r 3 phase reactor 3 or 5 legs Grounded neutral Ungrounded neutral Reactor grounded Ratio of Lp Lo See page O 1 Three pole or single pole operation APPLICATION Switching of No load Power Transformers Number of circuit breakers Controlled closing residual flux disregarded or not Controlled closing and opening Power transformer winding type See page O 1 Load side VT arrangement See page O 1 Three pol...

Page 58: ...ax 46 240 78 36 50 E mail circuit breaker se abb com Internet http www abb com Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22 01en Controlled Switching Buyer s Application Guide Edition 2 2006 09 NOTE ABB Power Technologies AB is working continuously to improve the products We therefore reserve the right to change designs dimensions and data without prior notice ...

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