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3. Voltage Comparison

For applications in which the signal voltage is to be compared to

some signal reference amplitude, it may be desirable to establish a
different deflection factor than those available with the VOLTS/DIV
switch. A deflection factor conversion constant, based on a specific
reference amplitude, is established as follows:

a. Apply a reference signal of known amplitude to the input.

b. Adjust the display amplitude to an exact number of

graticule divisions using the VOL TS/DIV switch and its
VAR control. Do not change this setting after the
reference has been established.

c. Deflection factor conversion constant equals:

Reference Signal Voltage

VOLTS/DIV

Setting

X

Display Amplitude

in divisions

d. Adjusted deflection factor tor any setting of the

VOLTS/DIV switch equals the VOLTS/DIV setting
multiplied by the conversion factor.

27

212 Operators Handbook

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Содержание 212

Страница 1: ...COMMITTEDTO EXCELLENCE OPERATORS MANUAL First Printing NOV 1972 Revised 1981 Re Typeset NOV 2021 212 OSCILLOSCOPE ...

Страница 2: ...in any form without the written permission of Tektronix Inc Products of Tektronix Inc and its subsidiaries are covered by U S and foreign patents and or pending patents TEKTRONIX TEK SCOPE MOBILE and are registered trademarks of Tektronix lnc TELEQUIPMENT is a registered trademark of Tektronix U K Limited Printed in U S A Specification and price change privileges are reserved Tektronix Inc P O Box...

Страница 3: ...wer plug can cause small amounts of current from an elevated reference to be present on the AC power plug imposing a possible shock hazard CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS Controls and connectors necessary for operation of the 212 with the exception of the POWER BATTERY indicator on the front panel are located on the right side of the instrument To make full use of the capabilities of this instrument the o...

Страница 4: ...ARiable control must be in CAL position for indicated deflection Calibrated position accuracy within 5 Vertical system bandwidth 1 mV div 100 kHz 2 mV div 200 kHz 5 mV div 400 kHz 10 mV div to 50 V div 500 kHz 4 5 INPUT COUPLING selects the method used to couple the channel input signal to the vertical amplifier system AC DC component of input signal is blocked Low frequency limit 3 dB point is ap...

Страница 5: ...on factor between the calibrated settings of the VOLTS DIV switch for the appropriate vertical channel Extends the maximum deflection factor to at least 125 volts div 12 VERTical GAIN screwdriver adjustment to set the gain of the vertical amplifier system 13 AUTO PRESET screwdriver adjustment to set the AUTO PRESET trigger point for automatic trigger operation 14 Trigger SOURCE selects the source ...

Страница 6: ...slope of the trigger signal to the right of center on the negative going slope When the LEVEL SLOPE control is set to the AUTO PRESET detent the sweep is automatically triggered at a preset level on the positive going slope Stable triggering requires a minimum of 0 2 division internal signal or 1 0 volt external signal amplitude 16 INTENSITY controls brightness of CRT display 4 212 Operators Handb...

Страница 7: ...itch 21 HORIZontal GAIN screwdriver adjustment to set the basic gain of the horizontal amplifier system 22 Horizontal POSition controls the horizontal position of the trace 23 SEC DIV selects horizontal sweep rate horizontal VAR must be in CAL position for indicated sweep rate Calibrated sweep rate accuracy within 5 X Y position allows for X Y operation with CH 2 supplying the vertical deflection ...

Страница 8: ...BATTERY indicator provides an indication of the operating power When the light extinguishes not more than 10 minutes of instrument operating power remains The 212 possesses an automatic battery protection circuit to prevent excessive discharge and the resulting battery damage if the instrument is operated below the battery charge level of approximately 10 volts Battery Charging The charging charac...

Страница 9: ...t is stored and not used for extended periods of time The rate at which this self discharge occurs is dependent upon the storage temperature and humidity If the 212 is to be stored for extended periods particularly at either high ambient temperature or high humidity it is recommended that the batteries be run through a full charge cycle 16 hours about every two weeks or that the instrument be left...

Страница 10: ...the internal battery charger the AC power line voltage must be at least 110 volts for operation in this manner Also when operated with fully charged batteries from an AC line below about 110 volts and at a maximum trace intensity the internal batteries discharge slowly Approximately 36 hours of continuous operation can be obtained with fully charged batteries at maximum intensity and a 104 volt li...

Страница 11: ... 250 VAC 48 to 52 Hz Option 2 90 to 110 VAC 48 to 52 Hz Operating Temperature The 212 can be operated from the batteries in ambient air temperatures between 15 C and 55 C 5 F and 131 F The instrument should only be connected to an AC line source in ambient temperatures between 0 C and 40 C 32 F and 104 F 9 212 Operators Handbook ...

Страница 12: ...to 250 VAC 48 to 52 Hz power line source A power cord cable assembly for adapting to appropriate power plugs is included with Option 1 instruments Refer to the 212 Service manual for additional information concerning Option 1 Option 2 Option 2 equips the 212 for operation from a 90 to 110 VAC 48 to 52 Hz power line source Refer to the 212 Service manual for additional information concerning Option...

Страница 13: ...llow maximum operating time from the internal batteries The setting of the INTENSITY control may affect the correct focus of the display therefore a slight re adjustment of the FOCUS may be necessary when the intensity level is changed To protect the CRT phosphor do not turn the INTENSITY control higher than is necessary to provide a satisfactory display Be careful that the INTENSITY control is no...

Страница 14: ... Factor The amount of vertical deflection produced by a signal applied to one of the vertical channels is determined by the signal amplitude and the setting of the appropriate VOLTS DIV switch and its VAR control The calibrated deflection factors indicated by the VOLTS DIV switch apply only when the VOLTS DIV VAR control is set to the CAL detent The VOLTS DIV VAR control provides continuously vari...

Страница 15: ...tors can be read directly from the appropriate VOL TS DIV switch Signals can be connected to the EXT TRIG banana jack with short unshielded leads under most conditions Be sure to establish a common ground between the 212 and the equipment under test Attempt to position the unshielded leads away from any source of interference to avoid errors in triggering If interference is excessive with unshield...

Страница 16: ... of the coupling method for the applied signals The type of display desired and the applied signal will determine the coupling method to use In the AC coupling position the DC component of the signal is blocked by a capacitor in the input circuit The low frequency response in the AC position is about two hertz 3 dB point Therefore some low frequency attenuation can be expected near this frequency ...

Страница 17: ...ted from the input circuit and connected to ground through a one megohm resistor The input to the vertical amplifier is held at ground potential The DC coupling position can be used for most applications This position allows measurements of the DC component of a signal and must be used to display signals below about 10 hertz as they will be attenuated in the AC position 15 212 Operators Handbook ...

Страница 18: ... was previously applied 1 Before connecting the probe to a signal source with a large DC component set the INPUT COUPLING switch to GND 2 Connect the probe tip to ground to allow the input coupling capacitor to fully discharge Then connect the probe to the signal source 3 Wait several seconds for the input coupling capacitor to charge 4 Set the INPUT COUPLING switch to AC The display will remain o...

Страница 19: ...ill trigger on at least 0 2 division of the applied signal within the bandwidth limits of the instrument In the CH 2 position of the Trigger SOURCE switch the trigger signal is again obtained internally but is selected before the vertical switching and only from CH 2 of the vertical deflection system on at least 0 2 division of the applied capacitively coupled signal In the dual trace mode if the ...

Страница 20: ...the same signal at all times to allow amplitude time relationship waveshape changes or signals at various points in the circuit to be examined without resetting the trigger controls Trigger Slope The LEVEL SLOPE control determines whether the trigger circuit responds on the positive going or negative going portion of the trigger signal When the indicator dot is to the left of center the trigger ci...

Страница 21: ...he LEVEL SLOPE control represents the zero volt level of the trigger signal As the LEVEL SLOPE control is rotated away from this line the displayed waveforms start at a point corresponding to the position of the indicator dot on the associated slope waveform For example if the LEVEL SLOPE control is turned clockwise from the line on the positive going slope the displayed waveform starts at a more ...

Страница 22: ...ion vertical line and set the SEC DIV switch so the end of the timing area falls between the first and ninth division vertical lines X Y Operation In some applications it is desirable to display one signal versus another signal X Y rather than against time internal sweep The X Y position of the SEC DIV switch provides a means for this type of operation In this position the Y vertical signal is con...

Страница 23: ...ttempting to make these adjustments Vertical Gain Connect the CH 1 probe tip to an accurate 0 2 volt source such as a TEKTRONIX 067 0502 01 Standard Amplitude Calibrator Set the VOLTS DIV switch to 50 m and set the VERT GAIN adjustment for exactly four divisions of deflection Step Attenuator Balance CH 1 Obtain a free running trace with no signal applied to the vertical channel input and CH 2 POSi...

Страница 24: ... 01 Standard Amplitude Calibrator Set the CH 1 VOL TS DIV switch to 50 m and the CH 2 POSition control to midrange Adjust the HORIZ GAIN adjustment for exactly four horizontal divisions of deflection between dots Horizontal Timing Connect the CH 1 probe tip to some accurate timing standard such as the TEKTRONIX 2901 Time Mark Generator With the SEC DIV switch set to 1 m apply one millisecond time ...

Страница 25: ...ts of the 212 Set the LEVEL SLOPE control to the AUTO PRESET detent and adjust the VOLTS DIV and SEC DIV switches for a display approximately four divisions in amplitude with one cycle of signal displayed every two or three divisions Vertically center the display about the center horizontal graticule line using the CH 1 POS control Adjust the AUTO PRESET adjustment so the CRT display starts on the...

Страница 26: ...o an appropriate setting VOLTS DIV VAR to CAL Vertical deflection factor equals the product of the VOLTS DIV setting and the probe attenuation factor Without the addition of a probe attenuator the vertical deflection factor can be read directly from the VOL TS DIV switch VOLTS DIV VAR in CAL Connect the probe tip to the signal source and switch the INPUT COUPLING to the AC position b Select the de...

Страница 27: ...flection factor VOLTS DIV X Probe attenuation factor Fig 3 Measuring peak to peak voltage NOTE This technique may also be used to make measurements between two points on the waveform other than peak to peak 25 212 Operators Handbook Position to center vertical line Vertical deflection ...

Страница 28: ... for the voltage to be measured VOLTS DIV VAR to CAL and set the Trigger LEVEL SLOPE to AUTO PRESET b Switch the INPUT COUPLING switch to GND if the reference is to be at ground or to DC if the reference is to be a voltage level Touch the probe tip to the reference voltage and vertically position the trace to a reference on any horizontal graticule line This reference position will depend on the p...

Страница 29: ...ws a Apply a reference signal of known amplitude to the input b Adjust the display amplitude to an exact number of graticule divisions using the VOL TS DIV switch and its VAR control Do not change this setting after the reference has been established c Deflection factor conversion constant equals Reference Signal Voltage VOLTS DIV Setting X Display Amplitude in divisions d Adjusted deflection fact...

Страница 30: ...t COMMON input jack are electrically connected Do not apply dis similar voltage potentials to them This method of establishing a floating reference can be used when the oscilloscope COMMON is not elevated from earth ground more than 250 V RMS sinusoidal minus the AC power line RMS voltage i e when AC power line RMS voltage is 117 V the maximum allowable potential on the probe ground clip or COMMON...

Страница 31: ...sult of the Instantaneous Voltage Formula Time Duration Measurements Time between two or more events can be measured directly on the graticule as follows NOTE See the topic entitled HORIZONTAL SWEEP RATE concerning non linearity of first and last divisions of display a Using the graticule measure the horizontal distance between the two events b Multiply the distance measured by the SEC DIV control...

Страница 32: ... for 10 cycles is 10 ms the frequency is 1 X 10 or 1 kHz 10 ms To calculate the period of a known frequency Time 1 frequency Phase Measurements Since a complete cycle of a sinusoidal waveform represents 360 the oscilloscope graticule can be calibrated in degrees division by using the SEC DIV switch and the HORIZ MAG Adjust the span of a reference waveform so that one cycle covers a given number of...

Страница 33: ...360o 45o per division 8 div Fig 4 Measuring phase difference 31 212 Operators Handbook Channel 2 reference Channel 1 lagging Horizontal Difference 8 Divisions 360 ...

Страница 34: ...rms centered about the horizontal graticule centerline Phase comparison between two signals of the same frequency can be made up to the frequency limit of the vertical system using the dual trace feature of the 212 a Set the VOLTS DIV and VAR of both channels to display 4 or 5 divisions of vertical deflection b Connect the reference signal to CH 2 and set the Triggering SOURCE switch to CH 2 conne...

Страница 35: ...ifference between corresponding points on the display f Multiply the measured distance in divisions by 45 I divisions to obtain the phase difference Phase Difference Distance in divisions X 45o division 33 212 Operators Handbook ...

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