Tait TB7100, Руководство по обслуживанию

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TB7100 Service Manual Circuit Descriptions 47
© Tait Electronics Limited October 2005
4.3 Frequency Synthesizer Circuitry
Introduction
For a block diagram of the frequency synthesizer circuitry, refer to
Figure 4.4 .
The frequency synthesizer includes an active loop filter, one or two VCOs
and buffer amplifiers, and a PLL IC. The last-named uses conventional
integer-N frequency division and includes a built-in charge pump. Speed-
up techniques ensure a transmit-receive settling time of less than 4.5ms
while retaining low noise characteristics in static operation.
Power Supplies
Several power supplies are used by the frequency synthesizer owing to a
combination of performance requirements and the availability of suitable
components. The PLL IC includes analog and digital circuitry and uses
separate power supplies for each section. The digital section is run on 3 V,
while the analog section is run on approximately 5 V. The VCOs and buffer
amplifiers run off a supply of about 5.3 V. The active loop filter requires a
supply of 14 to 15V, and a reference voltage of approximately 2.5 V.
Performance
Requirements
Low noise and good regulation of the power supply are essential to the
performance of the synthesizer. A 6V regulator IC provides good line
regulation of the 9 V supply and good load regulation. Good regulation of
the power-supply line and load is essential for meeting the transient ACP
requirements. The regulator output voltage is electrically noisy, however,
and filtering is essential. Filtering of the power supply is achieved with two
capacitance multipliers (Q508 and C585 for the VCO supply, and Q512 and
C579 for the PLL and loop-filter supply). The VCO (or VCOs) use a
separate capacitance multiplier because these multipliers have poor load
regulation and the VCOs impart sufficient load transients to warrant a
separate supply.
Effect of Tuning
Range
For reasons of noise performance, the VCOs are designed to be tuned
within a range of 2 to 12V. Active tuning circuitry is required. An active
loop filter incorporating an IC operational amplifier achieves this range with
a suitable power supply voltage. Normal synthesizer switching behaviour
involves overshoot, which dictates that the tuning voltage range must extend
above and below the range of 2 to 12 V. The 14 V limit is a result of limits
on the working supply voltage of the IC operational amplifier.
Switch-mode Power
Supply
The power supply
VCL SUPPLY
for the active loop filter is provided by a
SMPS, which is in turn powered by 9 V. The SMPS consists of an oscillator
(switching circuit) and a detector. The output voltage is monitored by a
feedback circuit that controls the DC bias of the switching circuit to
maintain a constant output voltage.
Synthesizer
Circuitry
The essential function of the PLL frequency synthesizer is to multiply a
25 kHz reference frequency to give any desired frequency that is an integer
multiple of 25kHz. There are some constraints imposed by the capabilities
of the synthesizer hardware, especially the tuning range of the VCOs.