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4.5 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)

1 Intro

Electrocardiogram (

Ecg

) Signals

The Electrocardiogram (

Ecg

)

•

Ecg

: electrical manifestation of heart activity recorded

from the body surface

•

monitoring of heart rate

The

Ecg

signal can be recorded fairly easily with surface

electrodes placed on the limbs and/or the chest, see pages

–

below.

Josef Goette

2009

4.5.2 Driver

General-purpose and alternate-function I/Os (GPIOs and AFIOs)

RM0008

96/682

Figure 9.

Basic structure of a standard I/O port bit

Figure 10.

Basic structure of a five-volt tolerant I/O port bit

DD_FT

is a potential specific to five-volt tolerant I/Os and different from V

Alternate Function Output

Alternate Function Input

Push-pull,
open-drain or
disabled

Inpu

t dat

a regi

tpu

t dat

a reg

ist

Read/write

From on-chip
peripheral

To on-chip
peripheral

Output
control

Analog Input

on/off

I/O pin

TTL Schmitt

trigger

Protection
diode

on/off

Input driver

Output driver

P-MOS

N-MOS

Read

it s

t reg

ist

Write

ai14781

Alternate Function Output

Alternate Function Input

Push-pull,
open-drain or
disabled

Inpu

t dat

a regi

tpu

t dat

a reg

ist

Read/write

From on-chip
peripheral

To on-chip
peripheral

Output
control

Analog Input

on/off

I/O pin

TTL Schmitt

trigger

DD_FT

(1)

Protection
diode

on/off

Input driver

Output driver

P-MOS

N-MOS

Read

it s

t reg

ist

Write

ai14782

Figure 4.2:

GPIO driver

4.5.3 Set Output

Listing 4.4:

Set Output

GPIOB

−

ODR = ( GPIOB

−

ODR & 0 xFFFF0000 )

yourValue ;

// puts yourValue on

GPIOB

4.5.4 Read Input

Listing 4.5:

Read Input

i np ut = (GPIOA

−

IDR & 0 x0000FFFF ) ;

// read i n p u t s on GPIOA

Lukas Kohler

Содержание STM32 Cortex-M3

Страница 1: ...heart rate The Ecg signal can be recorded fairly ea electrodes placed on the limbs and or the ches below Tutorial STM32 Cortex M3 Author El Ing Lukas Kohler Adviser Daniel Debrunner Date 09 09 2009 S...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...odel which is able to replace the available 8 and 16 bit microcontroller Tools and libraries guarantee a short developing time and a high standardisation A big part of written and used software can be...

Страница 4: ......

Страница 5: ...2 4 3 Memory Map 8 2 4 4 Interfaces 9 2 5 Development Boards 9 2 5 1 STM32H103 from Olimex 9 2 5 2 STM32P103 from Olimex 10 2 5 3 Setup for Developing 10 2 5 4 Board Layout and Schematic 11 2 5 5 BFH...

Страница 6: ...ccess 25 4 5 General Purpose Input Output GPIO 26 4 5 1 Configuration 26 4 5 2 Driver 27 4 5 3 Set Output 27 4 5 4 Read Input 27 4 6 Serial Interface USART 28 4 6 1 Ways of Operation Polling versus In...

Страница 7: ...Ecg signal can b electrodes placed on the l below Josef Goette 4 15 2 Communication Protocol 42 4 15 3 Pinning 44 4 16 Serial Peripheral Interface SPI 45 4 16 1 Physical Layer 45 4 16 2 Communication...

Страница 8: ......

Страница 9: ...oftware Development Kit Vision3 and how to compile simulate download and debug software Peripherals Chapter 4 The biggest part of this documentation is showing how the peripherals are controlled Ex am...

Страница 10: ...surface electrodes placed on the limbs and or the chest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 1 Introduction 1 4 License and Author The whole Cortex M3 Tutorial including Source Code and Documenta...

Страница 11: ...it Electrostatic discharges may destroy any electronic circuit 2 3 Cortex M3 Core The target market of the Cortex M3 core is the field that has been served by 8 or 16bit controllers In this market che...

Страница 12: ...es that allow it to perform operations in parallel The architecture inside the Cortex M3 is a ARMv7 M RISC processor With only 33 000 logic cells needed to syntetisize the M3 core it is the smallest c...

Страница 13: ...ed The Core exists as well for VHDL implementation as M1 ARM 32 bit Cortex M3 CPU only core without peripherals The peripherals are implemented by the manufacturers Power Consumption The STM32 is a lo...

Страница 14: ...ance real time behavior A lot of peripherals Outstanding power efficiency In production since 2007 7 proved design 70 part numbers across 4 product lines SW Libraries are free available from www st co...

Страница 15: ...6 MHz XTAL 32 kHz OSC_IN OSC_OUT OSC32_OUT OSC32_IN PLL APB1 F max 24 36 MHz PCLK1 HCLK CLOCK MANAGT PCLK2 as AF as AF Flash 128 KB VOLT REG 3 3V TO 1 8V POWER Backu p interface as AF TIM 4 BusM atrix...

Страница 16: ...x4001 3000 0x4001 3400 0x4001 3800 TIM3 TIM4 reserved RTC WWDG IWDG reserved SPI2 USART2 USART3 AFIO Port A Port C Port D reserved ADC1 reserved USART1 reserved 0x4002 0400 0x4002 0000 0x4001 3C00 0x4...

Страница 17: ...ces can be used to communicate with any kind of devices or can be used as debug status interface 2 5 Development Boards We use the Olimex boards with our own BFH mother board extension On both of thes...

Страница 18: ...sions 100x90mm 2 5 3 Setup for Developing In order to be able to develop software for the STM32F103RB Keil Vision3 has to be installed on a PC If this is not yet the case install it according to Chapt...

Страница 19: ...ard the Olimex STM32H103 board is mounted on The mother board has a power supply and drivers for interfaces The mother board uses the power supply form the STM32H103 board Just connect the STM32H103 w...

Страница 20: ...fairly easily with surface electrodes placed on the limbs and or the chest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 2 System Description 1 CAN Rx PB8 Tx PB9 if J1 and J3 are set Resister on J6 see Fi...

Страница 21: ...M32 Peripheral Library ST offers a free ARM based 32 bit MCU STM32F10xxx standard peripheral library for program mers This can be downloaded from www st com Direct Link STM32F10x StdPeriph Lib This li...

Страница 22: ...e library into the new folder Rename renameMe c to gpio c gpio c This will be the main file STM32 Init c and STM32 Init h Configuration files for the STM32 processor STM32 Reg h Register file with def...

Страница 23: ...onfig ure the processor Double click STM32 Init c and select Configuration Wizard Figure 3 4 We need the Clock Configuration and the General purpose I O Configuration to be checked In the Clock Config...

Страница 24: ...target files This will assemble STM32F10x s and generate an object file o and its listing report lst according to Figure 3 6 The c files are compiled and object file o generated The linker then puts t...

Страница 25: ...ng that you are using the evaluation mode Click OK and open the GPIOB port with Peripherals 7 General Purpose I O 7 GPIOB Figure 3 7 shows the debug mode In the top left corner the simulation is handl...

Страница 26: ...o p I n t o O v e r O u t S t a r t S t o p D e b u g S e s s i o n Simulation Step R u n t o C u r s o r l i n e Figure 3 7 Debug Mode 3 7 1 Window update ate selectThe peripherals are updated when a...

Страница 27: ...lready know the appearing window Now click on New Project Target name it STM32H103 and click OK Select now the created target on the left side of the icon 1 Klick now on the icon 2 according to Figure...

Страница 28: ...h surface electrodes placed on the limbs and or the chest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 3 Keil SDK Figure 3 11 Options for Target Figure 3 12 Options for Debug Figure 3 13 Options for Debug...

Страница 29: ...supply is removed Our program will count up on GPIOB Connect therefore the J24 with PB8 J25 with PB9 J28 PB10 J29 PB11 If you connect a LED to PB0 you won t see anything since the switching frequency...

Страница 30: ...e is very important that other users of the code are able to understand it In this documentation Doxygen has been used Listing 3 2 shows the used commands for Doxygen After running Doxygen a html help...

Страница 31: ...stm32f10x stdperiph lib Project STM32F10x StdPeriph Examples Insider s Guide from Hitex CD datasheet hitex guide STM32 Gives a general introduction to the STM32F103RB processor More help can be found...

Страница 32: ...ary files are located at C Keil ARM RV31 LIB ST STM32F10x and should be added by the Keil project in the folder lib 2 Add include stm32f10x_PERIPHERAL h at the begin of your main file where PE RIPHERA...

Страница 33: ...register access Instead of using the FwLib the registers can be accessed directly The properties then are set with Listing 4 3 Setting the GPIO Register by direct access Set up the GPIO r e g i s t e...

Страница 34: ...ove the lit LED S1 moves the lit LED to the right S2 to the left 4 5 1 Configuration The configuration is done with the Settings Wizard see Chapter 3 5 2 for more information shown in Figure 4 1 GPIOA...

Страница 35: ...chip peripheral Output control Analog Input on off on off I O pin VDD VDD VSS VSS TTL Schmitt trigger VSS VDD Protection diode Protection diode on off Input driver Output driver P MOS N MOS Read Bit s...

Страница 36: ...ts sender 9600Baud b usart4 F sends periodically the string Hello World with 115200Baud to its host using printf b usartIrq1 F the data and sends them back to its sender 9600Baud uses IRQ 4 6 1 Ways o...

Страница 37: ...e with the Settings Wizard shown in Figure 4 4 The function void USART2 IRQHandler void is called when an interrupt configured in the Settings Wizard occurs Refer to the example usartIrq1 for more inf...

Страница 38: ...gister RDR Receive Shift Register Read Transmit Data Register TDR Transmit Shift Register Write SW_RX TX DATA REGISTER DR TRANSMITTER CLOCK RECEIVER CLOCK RECEIVER RATE TRANSMITTER RATE fPCLKx x 1 2 C...

Страница 39: ...its 1 stop bit and 1 parity Figure 4 7 USART Serial Protocol 4 6 5 Pinning USART1 Default Wire GPIO Pin CK PA8 41 TX PA9 42 RX PA10 43 CTS PA11 44 RTS PA12 45 Remapped Wire GPIO Pin CK TX PB6 58 RX PB...

Страница 40: ...terrupt This is intended to provide a standard timer for all Cortex based microcontrollers The SysTick timer is intended to be used to provide a system tick for an RTOS or to generate a periodic inter...

Страница 41: ...DAC and are able to drive it through their trigger outputs Advanced control timers TIM1 and TIM8 It may be used for a variety of purposes in cluding measuring the pulse lengths of input signals input...

Страница 42: ...hest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 4 Peripherals 4 9 Pulse Width Modulation PWM b pwm1 F Lets PB8 blink with 1Hz 50 duty cycle and PB9 with 25 using the PWM function of the timer TIM4 b pwm...

Страница 43: ...ple mentation differed between manufacturers Since the interrupt scheme is implemented in the Cortex M3 core the way of operating is for all microcontroller s using this core equal 4 10 1 Configuratio...

Страница 44: ...atchdog will reset the CPU Figure 4 12 Watchdog Configuration Wizard 4 12 Real Time Clock RTC b rtc1 F RTC is configured to generate a second and an alarm interrupt which turns a LED on b rtc2 F 24h c...

Страница 45: ...d RTC IRQHandler 4 13 Analog to Digital Converter ADC b ad1 F reads the values and writes them on the serial interface 115200Baud 4 13 1 Conversion Modes The AD converters of the STM32F103RB can opera...

Страница 46: ...nalog Digital converter PC1 ADC Channel10 i s used as analog input void adc Init void 65 RCC APB2ENR RCC APB2ENR ADC1EN enable peripheral clock for ADC1 ADC1 SQR1 0x00000000 only one conversion ADC1 S...

Страница 47: ...Threshold 12 bits Flags enable bits EOC AWD Analog watchdog event VDDA VSSA VREF VREF Interrupt TIM1_CH2 TIM1_CH3 TIM2_CH2 TIM3_CH4 From ADC prescaler 16 bits End of conversion channels Injected chan...

Страница 48: ...for data transmission and reception and so they cannot be used concurrently the shared SRAM is accessed through CAN and USB exclusively The USB and CAN can be used in the same application but not at t...

Страница 49: ...ces which can operate in multimaster and slave modes They can support standard and fast modes They support dual slave addressing 7 bit only and both 7 10 bit addressing in master mode A hardware CRC g...

Страница 50: ...1 Physical layer I2C Definitions Data can only be transmitted when the bus is not active As long as the clock is high the data line is not allowed to change 5 When no data are transmitted SCL and SDA...

Страница 51: ...ord address and each data byte Figure 16 WRITE Mode Sequence AI00895 BUS ACTIVITY ACK S ACK ACK ACK NO ACK STOP START P SDA LINE BUS ACTIVITY MASTER R W DATA n DATA n 1 DATA n X SLAVE ADDRESS AI00591...

Страница 52: ...l can be recorded fairly easily with surface electrodes placed on the limbs and or the chest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 4 Peripherals 4 15 3 Pinning Both wires SCL and SDA are open colle...

Страница 53: ...directions Therefore following wires are required SCK Clock generated by the master MISO Master in Slave out MOSI Master out Slave in NPCK or NSS Chip select for the slave this wire is not generated b...

Страница 54: ...aster mode and receive data in slave mode SCK Serial Clock output for SPI masters and input for SPI slaves NSS Slave select This is an optional pin to select master slave mode This pin acts as a chip...

Страница 55: ...ster Each data frame is 8 or 16 bits long depending on the size of the data programmed using the DFF bit in the SPI_CR1 register The selected data frame format is applicable for transmission and or re...

Страница 56: ...Universal Serial Bus USB The STM32F103RB embeds a full speed USB 12 Mbs device peripheral compatible with the USB It has software configurable endpoint setting and suspend resume support The dedicated...

Страница 57: ...ptions for Output 19 3 9 Options for Listing 19 3 10 Options for Linker 19 3 11 Options for Target 20 3 12 Options for Debug 20 3 13 Options for Debug Settings 20 3 14 Options for Utilities 20 3 15 Op...

Страница 58: ...and or the chest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 List of Figures 4 16 CAN Analyzer Software 41 4 17 I2C Wiring 42 4 18 I2C Communication Protocol 42 4 19 I2C ACK Sequence 43 4 20 I2C data tra...

Страница 59: ...erty 5 IRQ Interrupt Request 35 ISR Interrupt Service Routine 35 JTAG Debug Interface 9 LED Light Emitting Diode 9 NVIC Nested Vector Interrupt Controller 4 PWM Pulse Width Modulation 34 RS232 Serial...

Страница 60: ...the body surface monitoring of heart rate The Ecg signal can be recorded fairly easily with surface electrodes placed on the limbs and or the chest see pages 6 16 below Josef Goette 2 2009 Glossary U...

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