Sparky Group TV 4240 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 12 | Manualshive

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TV 4240

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SAW CHAIN / BAR LUBRICATION

Adequate lubrication of the saw chain is essen

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NOTE.

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tion.

AUTOMATIC OILER

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ers the proper amount of oil to the bar and chain.

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VIII - General cutting

instructions

FELLING

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cuts determine the direction the tree will fall.

WARNING:

A retreat path (A) should

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Fig. 11A)

.

CAUTION:

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to roll or slide downhill after it is felled.

NOTE.

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tion of larger branches and natural lean of the tree to

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Fig. 11A

WARNING:

Do not cut down a tree

during high or changing winds or if there is a

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Do not cut down a tree if there is a danger of

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General guidelines for felling trees:

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don t make the lower cut too deep into the trunk. The
notch (C) should be deep enough to create a hinge

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be wide enough to direct the fall of the tree for as long
as possible.

WARNING:

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that has been notched.

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notch (C)

(Fig. 11B)

.

Fig. 11B

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Содержание TV 4240

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Страница 56: ...ɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɭɜɶ ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɟɪɟɝɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɪɟɩɤɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɨɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɭɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɍɛɟɞɢ...

Страница 57: ...ɧɵɟ ɇɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɣɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨ ɛɨɞɢɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɭ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ȼɵ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɩɨɡɭ ɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ ȼɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨ ɜɚɥɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɩɢ ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬ...

Страница 58: ...ɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɜɢɥɥ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɩɨɞɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɤɚ ɞɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɩɪ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɢɥɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɬɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɆȿɊɕ ɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɊɈɌɂȼ ɈɌɋɄɈɄȺ Ɉɬɫɤɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧ...

Страница 59: ...ɧɚ ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɁȺɄɅɂɇɂȼȺɇɂȿ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɇɂɀɇȿɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɲɢɧɵ ȼɕɌȺɅɄɂȼȺȿɌ ɩɢɥɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚ ɬɨɪɚ ɁȺɄɅɂɇɂȼȺɇɂȿ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ȼȿɊɏɇȿɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɲɢɧɵ ɌɈɅɄȺȿɌ ɲɢɧɭ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟ ɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɌȺȻɅɂɑɄȺ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȺɘɓȺə ɈȻ ɈɌɋɄɈɄȿ Ɋɂɋ ɇɚ ɪɵɱɚɝɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɳɢɬɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ...

Страница 60: ...ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɂɭɛɱɚ ɬɚɹ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚ ɬɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɰɟɩ ɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ 9 ȁȘȎȕȎțȖȭ ȝȜ ȚȜțȠȎȔȡ ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂ ȾɅə ɆɈɇɌȺɀȺ ɉɪɢ ɫɛɨɪɤɟ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ȼɚɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɨɬɜɟɪɬ ɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɸ Ɋɭɤɚɜɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɪɚɛɨ...

Страница 61: ... ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɧɵ ɡɚɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺɌəɀȿɇɂə ɐȿɉɂ Ɋɢɫ 4A A Ɋɢɫ D B C ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺɌəɀȿɇɂə ɐȿɉɂ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɨɥɠɧ...

Страница 62: ...ɚɳɟɧɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɦ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɚ Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚɬɢɫɤ ɧɚ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɟ ɪɭɤɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɭɞɚɪɢɬ ɩɨ ɪɵɱɚɝɭ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɉɪɢ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚ ɧɢɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɶ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɚ ɧɨ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢ...

Страница 63: ...ɨɫɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɚɧɧɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɸ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɋɦɟɫɶ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɦɚ ɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂə ɌɈɉɅɂȼɇɈɃ ɋɆȿɋɂ Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɋɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ 63 5 ɥɢɬɪɵ ɥɢɬɪɵ cm3 1 25 2 50 3 75 5 125 10 250 ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ ɉɈ ɌɈɉɅɂȼɍ ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ...

Страница 64: ...ɚɬɟɥɹ ɈɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ȾȼɂȽȺɌȿɅə Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɤɚ ɞɜɢ ɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɟ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɡ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɋɌɈɉ Ɉ Ɋɢɫ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ Ⱦɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫ ɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɡ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɋɌɈɉ Ɉ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɂɋɉɖȱɌȺɇɂȿ ɌɈɊɆɈɁȺ ɐȿɉɂ ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɉɪɨ...

Страница 65: ...ɨ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɤ ɲɢɧɟ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɤ ɲɢɧɟ ɉɪɢɬɨɤ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨ ɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ 9 ǶțȟȠȞȡȘȤȖȖ ȝȜ ȞȓȕȘȓ ȝȖșȜȗ ɈɌɋȿɑȿɇɂȿ Ɉɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɚ ɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɚɥɤɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɢ...

Страница 66: ...ɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ȿɫɥɢ ȼɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɠɟɬɟ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɬɨ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɤɨɧ ɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɡ ɤɥɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɞɟ ɪɟɜɨ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ȼɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɡɚɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɲɢɧɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɡɟ ɟɫɥɢ ȼɵ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢ ɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɚ ɥɢɬɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɧɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧ...

Страница 67: ... ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɨɛɨ ɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɚɦɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɪɟɡ ɫɜɟɪ ɯɭ ɞɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɟ ɫɪɟɡ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɩɚɥ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɫɪɟ ɡɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɢɫ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɤɟ ɧɚɢɛɨ ɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɤɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶ ɟɜ ɤɨɡɥɵ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬ...

Страница 68: ...ɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɢ Ɇɨɧɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɉɨɫ ɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲ ɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɤɪɵɲ ɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ Ɂɚɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɫɥɭ ɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɥɵ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɜɨ ɢɡ ɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɠɨɝɚ ɪɭɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ Ɋɢɫ A Ɋɢɫ B C ɌɈɉɅɂȼɇɖȱɃ ɎɂɅɖɌɊ ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ Ɂɚɩɪ...

Страница 69: ... ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɰɟɩɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ ɄɈɇɋȿɊȼȺɐɂə ɐȿɉɇɈɃ ɉɂɅɖȱ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɵ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧ ɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜɹɡɤɢɣ ɠɟɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɗɬɨ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɬ ɞɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚ...

Страница 70: ...ɚɬɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ ɲɢɧɵ ɉɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɇɨɫɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɝ ɞɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɟɫɶ ɲɢɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɩɶɸ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɰɟɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɪɟɤɨ ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɲɩɪɢɰɚ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɋɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɣ ɲɩɪɢɰ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɝ ɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɞɸɡɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɧɨɟ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ ɲɢɧɵ...

Страница 71: ...ɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɬɨɱɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɟɨɛ ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɥɭɛɢ ɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɢ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɦɤɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɤɪɭɝɥɢɬɶ Ɋɢɫ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ...

Страница 72: ...ɦɭ ɢɡɧɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɲɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɩɟ ɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɵɦɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɰɜɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɲɢɧɵ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɖȱȿ ɇȿɂɋɉɊȺȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɂ ɂɏ ɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂȿ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɚɲɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨ ɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡ...

Страница 73: ...ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ 63 5 ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɜɢɡɭ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ǽȞȖȚȓȥȎțȖȭ ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪ...

Страница 74: ...ɤɚ ɫɟɪɢɨɡɧɚ ɡɥɨɩɨɥɭɤɚ ǰȨȐȓȒȓțȖȓ ɇɨɜɨɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɬɢɹɬ ɨɬ ȼɚɫ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜ ɜɟɪɢɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ 63 5 ɳɟ ɧɚɞɯɜɴɪɥɢ ȼɚɲɢɬɟ ɨɱɚɤɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɨɣ ɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ 63 5 ɨɬɝɨɜɚɪɹɳɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɬɟ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ Ʌɟɫɟɧ ɡɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɟɤɫɩɥɨɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɜɟɪɢɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɳɟ ȼɢ ɫɥɭɠɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɧɨ ɞɴɥɝɢ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɬɟɬɟ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɢɧ...

Страница 75: ...ɜɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɩɚɞɚɳɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢ ɪɴɤɚɜɢɰɢ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢ ɨɛɭɜɤɢ ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɉɚɡɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɨɬ ɨɬɫɤɨɤ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɪɴɠɬɟ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨ ɫ ɞɜɟ ɪɴɰɟ ɋɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ Hɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɋɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɦɫɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɪɟɞɛɚ ɡɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɋɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɤɢɬɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟ...

Страница 76: ...ɩɨɱɜɚɣɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɫɬɟ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɟ ɡɚɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɚ ɩɨɡɚ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚɥɢ ɩɴɬɹ ɡɚ ɢɡɬɟɝ ɥɹɧɟ ɨɬ ɡɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɞɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ Ʉɨɝɚɬɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɩɚɡɟɬɟ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɹɥɨɬɨ ɫɢ ɞɚɥɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɩɭɫɧɟɬɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɭɛɟɞɟɬɟ ɱɟ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɞɨɤɨɫɜɚ ɞɨ ɧɢɳɨ ɉɪɟɧɚɫɹɣɬɟ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɫ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɞɜɢ ɝɚɬɟɥ ɫ ɨɛɴɪɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɲɢɧɚ ɢ ...

Страница 77: ...ɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɬɟɡɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬ ɬɨɡɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɜɪɟ ɦɟ Ɍɨɡɢ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥ ɧɨ ɪɹɞɤɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɬɟɠɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɴɳɢ ɜɢɥɢ ɢ ɥɚɝɟɪɭɜɚɳɢ ɡɚ ɰɟɥɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡ ɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɬɫɢɱɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɫɬɪɟɧɟ ɪɹɡɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɚ ɡɚ ɨɝɪɟɜ ɢ ɩɪ ȼɴɩɪɟɤɢ ɱɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹɬ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɟ ɫɧɚɛɞɟɧ ɫ ɚɧɬɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢ ɨɧɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɤɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɧɚɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɫɦ...

Страница 78: ... ɢ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɤɴɦ ɨɩɟ ɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɁȺɄɅɂɇȼȺɇȿɌɈ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɜ ȾɈɅɇȺɌȺ ɑȺɋɌ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɂɁȾɔɊɉȼȺ ɧɚɜɴɧ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɁȺɄɅɂɇȼȺɇȿɌɈ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɜ ȽɈɊɇȺɌȺ ɑȺɋɌ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɂɁȻɍɌȼȺ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼɫɹɤɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɡɢ ɜɴɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɟ ɞɢɡɜɢɤɚ ɡɚɝɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɫɟɪɢɨɡɧɚ ɬɪɚɜɦɚ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿȾɂɌȿɅɇȺ ɌȺȻȿɅɄȺ ɁȺ ɈɌɋɄɈɄ Ɏɢɝ 2 ȼɴɪɯɭ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɚɡ...

Страница 79: ...ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ Ɂɴɛɧɚɬɚ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɩɨɜɢɲɚɜɚ ɭɫ ɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɢ ɫɪɟɡɨɜɟ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ Ɋɚɡɭɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫɜɨɹ ɜɟɪɢ ɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɨɡɧɚɣɬɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɣɧɨ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ 9 ȁȘȎȕȎțȖȭ ȕȎ ȚȜțȠȎȔ ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɁȺ ɆɈɇɌȺɀ ɉɪɢ ɫɝɥɨɛɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɳɟ ɢɦɚɬɟ ɧɭɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɚɧ ɝɚɟɱɟɧ ɤɥɸɱ ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɹɬɚ Ɋɴɤɚɜɢɰɢ ɡɚ ɬɟɠɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɫɟ ɨɬ ...

Страница 80: ...ɬɟ ɹ ɧɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɫɩɚɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɬɹɝɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ ɇɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɟɬɚɩ ɝɚɣɤɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɜɚ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɬɹɝɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɥɚɝɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɬɹɝɚɧɟɬɨ ɉɨ ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɫɥɟɞɜɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊȺ ɇȿ ɇȺ ɈȻɌəȽȺɇȿɌɈ ɇȺ ȼȿɊɂȽȺɌȺ Ɏɢɝ 4A A Ɏɢɝ D B C ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊȺɇȿ ɇȺ ɈȻɌəȽȺɇȿɌɈ ɇȺ ȼȿɊɂȽȺɌȺ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɬɨ ɨɛɬɹɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɟ ɨɬ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɧɚ ɜɚ...

Страница 81: ... ɂɁɉɂɌȼȺɇȿ ɇȺ ɋɉɂɊȺɑɄȺɌȺ ɇȺ ȼȿɊɂȽȺɌȺ ȼɟɪɢɠɧɢɹɬ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɟ ɫɧɚɛɞɟɧ ɫɴɫ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬ ɡɥɨɩɨɥɭɤɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɨɬɫɤɨɤ ɋɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢ ɧɚɬɢɫɤ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɤɨɤ ɪɴɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɭɞɚɪɢ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ Ʉɨɝɚ ɬɨ ɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɪɹɡɤɨ ɫɩɢɪɚ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɟ ɞɚ ɧɚɦ...

Страница 82: ...ɧɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɫɜɚɧɟ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ʌɢɩɫɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɚɧɭɥɢɪɚ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ ɁȺ ɉɊɂȽɈɌȼəɇȿ ɇȺ ȽɈɊɂȼɇȺ ɋɆȿɋ Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɋɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ 63 5 ɥɢɬɪɢ ɥɢɬɪɢ cm3 1 25 2 50 3 75 5 125 10 250 ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɫɜɚɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɤɴɦ ɱɚɫɬ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɉɊȿɉɈɊɔɄɂ ɁȺ ȽɈɊɂȼɈɌɈ ɇɹɤɨɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɢ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɫɟ ɫɦɟɫɜɚɬ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɚɥɤɨɯɨɥ ɢɥɢ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɬɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɨɬɝɨɜɚɪɹɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ...

Страница 83: ... Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɬɟ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɡɟɧ ɯɨɞ Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɫɩɪɟɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɦɟɫɬɟɬɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɥɭ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱ ɋɌɈɉ Ɉ Ɏɢɝ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ Ɂɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨ ɫɩɢɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟ ɦɟɫɬɟɬɟ ɧɚɞɨɥɭ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱɚ ɋɌɈɉ Ɉ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɇɈ ɂɁɉɂɌȼȺɇȿ ɇȺ ɋɉɂɊȺɑɄȺɌȺ ɇȺ ȼȿɊɂȽȺɌȺ ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟ ɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɚɬɚ ɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɂɡɜɴɪɲɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨ...

Страница 84: ... ɪɟɝɭɥɢ ɪɚ ɪɴɱɧɨ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɨɚɪɴɬ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɪɚɡɜɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɳɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɡɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɢɡɪɚɡɯɨɞɜɚ ɝɨɪɢɜɨɬɨ 9 ǶțȟȠȞȡȘȤȖȖ ȕȎ ȞȭȕȎțȓ ȟ ȠȞȖȜțȎ ɈɌɋɂɑȺɇȿ Ɉɬɫɢɱɚɧɟ ɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɴɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɪɹɡɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɚɥɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨ Ɇɚɥɤɢ ɞɴɪɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɴɪ ɞɨ FP ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɨ ɫɟ ɨɬɫɢɱɚɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɫ ɟɞɧɨ ɫɪɹɡɜɚɧɟ ɉɨ ɝɨɥɟɦɢɬɟ ɞɴɪɜɟɬɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢ ɩɨɞɪɹɡɜɚɧɟ ɉɨɞɪɹɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɨɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɨɤɚɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɳɟ ɩɚɞɧɟ ɞɴɪ...

Страница 85: ...ɪɟɞɨɜɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɡɚɤɥɢɧɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɡɚ ɚɤɨ ɫɬɟ ɩɪɟɰɟɧɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨ ɩɨɫɨɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɞɚɧɟ ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɩɨɜɚɥɢɬɟ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɱɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɞɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɧɹɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɱ ɧɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ȼɢɧɚɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɬɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹ ɜɚɣɬɟ ɨɳɟ ɜɟɞɧɴɠ ɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɬɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɧɹɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɟɧ ɫɪɟɡ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɴɪɜɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɨɜɢ ɤɥɢ ɧ...

Страница 86: ...ɞ ɬɨɜɚ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɟɬɟ ɫɪɟɡɚ ɨɬɞɨɥɭ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɪɟɳɧɟ ɫ ɩɴɪɜɢɹ ɫɪɟɡ ɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɛɟɝɧɟ ɡɚɤɥɢɧɜɚɧɟ Ɏɢɝ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ ɉɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɟɱɧɨ ɪɹɡɚɧɟ ɧɚɣ ɩɨɞɯɨ ɞɹɳɢɹɬ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɧɟɪ ɟ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɹɡɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɚ ɦɚɝɚɪɟ Ʉɨɝɚɬɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɴɧɟɪɴɬ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɜɞɢɝɧɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɩɚɪɱɟɬɚ ɨɬ ɤɥɨɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɩɢ Ɍɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭɜɟɪɢɬɟ ɱɟ ɞɴɧɟɪɴɬ ɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɠɞɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɟɧ ɊəɁȺɇȿ ɇȺ ȾɔɊȼȺ ȼɔɊɏɍ ɉɈɋɌȺȼɄȺ Ɇ...

Страница 87: ...ɴɡɞɭɲɧɢ ɮɢɥɬɪɢ Ɇɨɧɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɜɴɡɞɭɲɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɉɨ ɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɤɚɩɚɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɴɡ ɞɭɲɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɤɚɩɚ ɤɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ Ɂɚɬɟɝɧɟɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɟɬɟ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɩɚɤɚ ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɇɟ ɫɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɞɪɴɠɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɬ ɟ ɝɨɪɟɳ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɛɟɝɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɚɪɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɪɴɰɟɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɴɫɬɢɬɟ Ɏɢɝ A Ɏɢɝ B C ȽɈɊɂȼȿɇ ɎɂɅɌɔɊ ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ Ɂɚɛɪɚɧɹɜɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɛɟɡ ɝɨɪɢɜɟɧ ɮɢɥɬ...

Страница 88: ...ɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɬɚɬɴɲɟɧ ɪɟɝɥɚɠ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɬɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɜ ɧɚɣ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɹ ɨɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɚɧ ɫɟɪɜɢɡ ɄɈɇɋȿɊȼȺɐɂə ɇȺ ȼȿɊɂɀɇɂə ɌɊɂɈɇ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɫɴɯɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɞɧɢ ɫɟ ɧɚɥɚɝɚ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚ ɰɢɹ Ⱥɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɫɩɚɡɹɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɫɟɪ ɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɪɛɭɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɝɨɪɢɜɨ ɳɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɚɪɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɤɢ ɤɥɟɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɭɬɚɣɤɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɳɟ ɞɨɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɡɚɩɚɥɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢɹ ɫ...

Страница 89: ...ɚɥɚɦɢɬɴɬ ɟ ɫ ɢɝɥɨɜɢɞɧɚ ɞɸɡɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɪ ɯɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚ ɟɮɢɤɚɫɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɟɫ ɜɴɜ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɨɬɨ ɡɴɛɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɥɨ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɇɚɬɢɫɧɟɬɟ ɧɚɞɨɥɭ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱɚ ɋɌɈɉ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɫɦɚɠɟɬɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɨɬɨ ɡɴɛɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɥɨ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚ ɫɜɚɥɹɬɟ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɋɦɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡ ɜɴɪɲɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɉɨɱɢɫɬɟɬɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɨɬɨ ɡɴɛɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɥɨ ɧɚ ɲɢ ɧɚɬɚ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɚɥɚɦɢɬɚ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɹɬɚ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɡɚ...

Страница 90: ...ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɪɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɡɚɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɹɬɚ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɤɭɩɢ ɞɨɩɴɥɧɢɬɟɥɧɨ Ɏɢɝ ɑɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɪɟɥɫɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɚ ɢɡɧɨɫɟɧɢ ɚɤɨ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɟɬɟ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ ɦɭɫɬɚɰɢɬɟ ɚ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɚɬɚ ɩɢɥɚ ɡɚɱɢɫɬɟɬɟ ɪɟɥɫɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɚɜ ɴɝɴɥ Ɏɢɝ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɇɢɤɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɧɨɜɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɨɫɟɧɨ ɜɟ ɪɢɠɧɨ ɡɴɛɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɨɫɟɧ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨɞɪ...

Страница 91: ...ɚɜɧɨɫɬ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɇɚɱɢɧ ɡɚ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟ Ɇɚɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɡɚɩɚɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɚɥɜɚ ɧɨ ɝɚɫɧɟ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɢ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɋɥɟɞɜɚɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɬɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɛɭɪɚɬɨɪɚ Ʉɚɪɛɭɪɚɬɨɪɴɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚ ɜ ɨɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɚɧ ɫɟɪɜɢɡ Ɂɚɰɚɩɚɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɧɚ ɫɜɟɳ ɉɨɱɢɫɬɟɬɟ ɫɜɟɳɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɯɥɚɛɢɧɚɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɦɟɧɟɬɟ ɫɜɟɳɬɚ Ɂɚɩɭɲɟɧ ɝɨɪɢɜɟɧ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɉɨɞɦɟɧɟɬɟ ɝɨɪɢɜɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ Ɇɚɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɡɚɩɚ...

Страница 92: ...ɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɜɚɬ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɴɥɧɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɡɚɩɥɚɳɚɧɟ ɱɪɟɡ ɡɚɦɹɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɢɪɚɥ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜ ɜɟɪɢ ɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ 63 5 ɫɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɦɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɜɴɪɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɱɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞ ɫɬɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɚɧ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢɨɧɟɧ ɫɟɪɜɢɡ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɡɝɥɨɛɟɧɨ ɩɴɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ǵȎȏȓșȓȔȘȖ ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɬɟɬɟ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɡɚ ɟɤɫɩɥɨɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɟ ɬɨɜɚ ɢɡɞɟ ɥɢɟ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɬ ɫɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɬɨ ɞɚ ɜɴ ɜɟɠɞɚ...

Страница 93: ... SDJHV 79 LQGG ɝ ...

Страница 94: ... 5 SDJHV 79 LQGG ɝ ...

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