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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PA MIXING

There was a time when the P.A. system and the operator
existed only to increase the overall volume of the performers,
so that they could be heard in a large room or above high
ambient noise levels. This just isn’t true any more. The sound
system and the sound engineer have become an integral part
of the performance, and the artists are heavily dependent on
the operator’s skill and the quality of the equipment.

The following introduction to the basics of mixing are
included for the benefit of those users who may not have any
significant familiarity with sound equipment, and who are
baffled by the endless jargon used by engineers and artists
alike.

System Overview

As one would expect, the main purpose of the mixer is to
combine sounds, but under precise and smooth control.  This
is why linear faders are essential on any professional product.
The faders provide you with clear and instinctive control of
the final sound balance and like an artist playing an
instrument you should listen to the effect of your fader
movements, not look at your hands.

Your 

SPIRIT POWERSTATION

 mixer accepts a wide range of

input signals via a microphone input, for very low level
signals, or a line input, for higher level signals from, for
instance, tape machines, keyboards, etc.

A built-in 7-band Graphic Equaliser offers precise correction
of the output signal if required, and is normally patched into
the input to the integral power amplifier.

POWER STATION

 is designed to be as user-friendly as

possible, but a few minutes spent reading through this
manual will help you become familiar with the product away
from the pressure of a live session, and allow you to gain full
benefit from the superb performance offered by your new
mixer.

Above all, remember that your 

SPIRIT

 mixer is designed to

extend your creativity.  The more you explore the controls
and the effect they have on the sound output, the more you
will appreciate how you can influence and enhance the final
sound.  

Page 4

Содержание SPIRIT POWERSTATION

Страница 1: ...0 0 10 10 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 AUX 1 PRE 1...

Страница 2: ...t Finding Guide 10 Getting to know your console 11 Facilities 11 Input Channel 11 Stereo Channel 14 Master Section 17 Lexicon 21 Grahic Equaliser 21 Power Amplifier 23 Patchbay 25 Using your POWERSTAT...

Страница 3: ...ter E or by the earth symbol The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the terminal in the plug which is marked with the letter N or coloured black The wire which is coloured Brown must be...

Страница 4: ...pt a wide range of Microphone and Line level signals from separate input sockets Every mono channel features wide range gain control 3 band Equalisation with swept Mid section plus a Hi Pass Filter 2...

Страница 5: ...u with clear and instinctive control of the final sound balance and like an artist playing an instrument you should listen to the effect of your fader movements not look at your hands Your SPIRIT POWE...

Страница 6: ...t from full left through to full right This allows particular artists to retain their correct spatial position within the mix and can be valuable for live effects Pre Fade Listen PFL allows you to mon...

Страница 7: ...the input signal without distortion caused by Clipping when the signal becomes so high that it would exceed the power supply rail voltages and is as a result limited This commonly occurs where gain se...

Страница 8: ...3 pin XLR and 1 4 three pole A gauge jacks are used in several configurations as shown in the diagrams below Balanced Input 2 Hot ve 3 Cold ve 1 Screen Unbalanced Input 1 Screen 2 Hot ve Link 3 to 1...

Страница 9: ...t and complexity of balanced outputs note This is the method used in most condenser mics Polarity You will probably be familiar with the concept of polarity in electrical signals and this is of partic...

Страница 10: ...moved a 0 1 F tubular capacitor should be connected in its place to provide RF protection Avoid running audio cables or placing audio equipment close to thyristor dimmer units or power cables Noise im...

Страница 11: ...internal structure of the console Each Component has a specific function and only by getting to know what each part is supposed to do will you be able to tell if there is a genuine fault Many faults...

Страница 12: ...phantom power with unbalanced mics or damage may result Transformer coupled dynamic microphones may be used without causing damage even when the 48V power is connected Input level is set by the GAIN c...

Страница 13: ...15dB Turning to the right provides boost adding crispness to vocals and electronic instruments Turning to the left cuts the same frequencies reducing hiss or distorted consonants which can occur with...

Страница 14: ...e turned down when not in use 8 LEXICON SWITCH This switch when pressed enables the post fade Aux 2 control to send the chanel signal to the Lexicon Digital Effects Processor on the right hand side of...

Страница 15: ...ate signal level with the fader at the nominal 0 mark 3 EQUALISER The Equaliser EQ comprises three sections The upper control provides H F treble boost and cut of 15dB at 12kHz Turning to the right pr...

Страница 16: ...e turned down when not in use 5 LEXICON SWITCH This switch when pressed enables the post fade Aux 2 control to send the chanel signal to the Lexicon Digital Effects Processor on the right hand side of...

Страница 17: ...AUX 1 PRE 1 15 3 5 6 7 4 1 2 16 17 18 20 19 11 9 10 8 12 13 14 Page 16...

Страница 18: ...taneously affects all Aux 1 sends across the mixer 4 EFFECTS TO AUX 1 The EFFECTS TO AUX 1 control allows the output of the Lexicon Digital Effects Processor to be mixed in mono with the Aux 1 Sends i...

Страница 19: ...AUX 1 PRE 1 15 3 5 6 7 4 1 2 16 17 18 20 19 11 9 10 8 12 13 14 Page 18...

Страница 20: ...le method of feeding an external machine to the mix output for interval music for instance If the input to the same machine is fed from the Record Output there is the possibility of serious feedback w...

Страница 21: ...AUX 1 PRE 1 15 3 5 6 7 4 1 2 16 17 18 20 19 11 9 10 8 12 13 14 Page 20...

Страница 22: ...r OFF remotely by connecting a standard guitar foot switch or similar unit providing an isolated switch closure to the rear panel Lexicon Foot Switch jack socket as shown The Effect is muted when the...

Страница 23: ...AUX 1 PRE 1 15 3 5 6 7 4 1 2 16 17 18 20 19 11 9 10 8 12 13 14 Page 22...

Страница 24: ...able parts Refer all servicing to a qualified service engineer through the appropriate Spirit dealer The POWERSTATION contains an integral 265W 265W into 4 power amplifier the inputs to which are norm...

Страница 25: ...e from heavy ultra bass signals Switching the filter into circuit is almost always a good idea but may unnecessarily restrict the dynamic range of a system with particularly wide range PA cabinets and...

Страница 26: ...ts on the jacks as shown below STEREO RETURN FX BUS L R BUSSES 2 TRACK RETURN TO POWER AMP MAIN L R EFFECTS MAIN INSERTS GRAPHIC EQUALISER MAIN OUTPUTS NORMALLING NORMALLING GRAPHIC INPUT GRAPHIC OUTP...

Страница 27: ...normalling to bypass the following sections see diagram on previous page Example 2 In this example a feed from an external mixer for a secondary band perhaps plugs directly into the power amplifier j...

Страница 28: ...id distortion at one extreme and excessive noise at the other Set up individual input channel as follows Connect the input required microphone keyboard etc Note Phantom powered mics should be connecte...

Страница 29: ...y factors principally the Gain control Channel Fader and Output Faders You should try to use only as much microphone gain as required to achieve a good balance between signals with the faders set as d...

Страница 30: ...ic shock do not expose this unit to rain or moisture Regular care and inspection will be rewarded by a long life and maximum reliability Glossary auxiliary send an output from the console comprising a...

Страница 31: ...m to monitor the sounds they are producing frequency response the variation in gain of a device with frequency headroom the available signal range above the nominal level before clipping occurs highpa...

Страница 32: ...Hz Noise Measured RMS 22Hz to 22kHz bandwidth Aux Outputs 83dBu Main Outputs 80dBu E I N Microphone Input Maximum Gain terminated 150R 129dBu Max Gain to Main Outputs Mic Input 74dB Line Input 54dB St...

Страница 33: ...ckets power amp level control at maximum THD 1kHz with both channels driven just below clipping Into 4 0 025 Into 8 0 015 Metering 10 Segment LED Bargraph Accuracy Relative to 0dB 1dB Weight 18 2Kg Di...

Страница 34: ...0 0 10 10 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 AUX 1 PRE 1 MONO STEREO MASTER Page 33...

Страница 35: ...3 1 2 MONO INPUT CHANNEL 1 8 STEREO INPUT CHANNEL 9 12 MASTER SECTION MASTER SECTION System Block Diagram Page 34...

Страница 36: ...Notes Page 35...

Страница 37: ...Notes Page 36...

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