6
Chapter 6: Safety
The ALARA Principle
The information below is excerpted and edited from the
TITAN Ultrasound System User Guide.
See the
user guide for complete text
.
Applying ALARA
The system has been designed to ensure that temperature at the face of the transducer will not
exceed the limits established in Section 42 of EN 60601-2-37: Particular requirement for the safety of
ultrasound medical diagnostic and monitoring equipment. See
“Transducer Surface Temperatures”
. In the event of a device malfunction, there are redundant controls that limit transducer
power. This is accomplished by an electrical design that limits both power supply current and voltage
to the transducer.
Direct Controls
The system does not exceed a spatial peak temporal average intensity (ISPTA) of 720 mW/cm
2
for all
imaging modes. The thermal index (TI) may exceed values greater than 1.0 on some transducers in
some imaging modes. One may monitor both MI and TI values and adjust the controls to reduce these
values. Even though the system does not exceed an MI of 1.0 for all exam types, MI is displayed in
certain modes and one may use this information to mitigate the MI value. See
. Additionally, one means for meeting the ALARA principle is to set the
MI or TI values to a low index value and then modifying this level until a satisfactory image or Doppler
mode is obtained. For more information on MI and TI, see BS EN 60601-2-37:2001: Annex HH.
Guidelines for Reducing MI and TI
The following are general guidelines for reducing MI or TI. If multiple parameters are given then the
best results may be achieved by minimizing these parameters simultaneously. In some modes
changing these parameters will not affect MI or TI. Changes to other parameters may also result in MI
and TI reductions. Please note the ‘MI’ or ‘TI’ read out on the right side of the LCD screen.
a. Field strengths from fixed transmitters such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile
radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy.
To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be
considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the SonoSite ultrasound system is used exceeds the
applicable RF compliance level above, the SonoSite ultrasound system should be observed to verify normal operation.
If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as re-orienting or relocating the
SonoSite ultrasound system.
b. Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.
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