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INTRODUCTION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2-4

COM-00-21-03 OCTOBER 2021
Version No.: A

2.3

Electrical Design

A block diagram of the Airlink Mercury radio is shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3 Mercury Radio Block Diagram

2.4

Functional Theory of Operation

Airlink can use Time Division Duplexing (TDD), meaning the downlink and uplink
communication uses the same frequency, but at different times or Half Duplex Frequency
Division Duplexing (FDD) where the downlink and the uplink use different frequencies (still at
different times - simultaneous transmission is not supported currently). Time separation
between the downlink and uplink messages is done with TDD framing. A TDD radio is
constantly toggling between transmit and receive states. The Base Station transmits during the
downlink subframe (DLSF) and receives during the uplink subframe (ULSF) while the remote
station transmits during the ULSF and receives during the DLSF.

The Airlink TDD radio uses a fast-switching power amplifier (PA) and transmit/receive (TX/RX)
switch. The PA gate voltage is used to switch the PA in less than 2 µs between transmit and
receive states. The TX/RX switch switches the antenna to the PA during the transmit phase and
to the low noise amplifier (LNA) during the receive phase. The PA does not transmit during the
receive state and the PA is maintained in the off state during the receive phase if transmission is
not needed to minimize power consumption.

To avoid self-interference, the TDD frame structure (i.e. the duration of the DLSF, ULSF, and
the total gap), is identical across the entire system. Additionally, the beginning of the TDD frame
is synchronized to a 1 pulse per second (PPS) generated by a GPS receiver. All Base Stations
in the system transmit at the same time. A Base Station (BS) and Remote Station (RS) never
transmit at the same time, so they never interfere with each other.

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Содержание A53687

Страница 1: ...MERCURY SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO SDR OCTOBER 2021 DOCUMENT NO COM 00 21 03 VERSION A Siemens Mobility Inc One Penn Plaza Suite 1100 New York NY 10119 1101 1 800 793 SAFE www usa siemens com rail manuals Copyright 2021 Siemens Mobility Inc All Rights Reserved ...

Страница 2: ...liability or timeliness of any information contained in any translation of manual or product information from its original official released version in English and shall not be liable for any losses caused by such reliance on the accuracy reliability or timeliness of such information Any person or entity that relies on translated information does so at his or her own risk WARRANTY INFORMATION Siem...

Страница 3: ...for satisfying RF exposure compliance This transmitter must be at least 20 cm from the user and must not be co located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful in...

Страница 4: ...o frequency generating facilities that exist at the time the licensee s equipment is being installed or even by equipment installed later The effects of any such facilities must be considered in site selection and in determining whether a particular installation meets the FCC requirements FCC OET Bulletin 65 provides materials to assist in making determinations if a given facility is compliant wit...

Страница 5: ...ic equipment should service equipment Do not perform any unauthorized modifications of equipment When troubleshooting the equipment with electrical current present be aware of live circuits All equipment must be properly grounded and protected from lightning for safe operation DO NOT operate the transmitter of any radio unless RF connectors are secure and all connectors are properly terminated Hea...

Страница 6: ...vi COM 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A DOCUMENT HISTORY Version Release Date Sections Changed Details of Change A 10 28 21 Initial Release ...

Страница 7: ... DISCHARGE ESD PRECAUTIONS xiii GLOSSARY xiv 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1 1 1 1 Specifications 1 2 1 2 Ordering Information 1 4 2 INTRODUCTION 2 1 2 1 Summary of Operating Features 2 2 2 2 Mechanical Design 2 3 2 3 Electrical Design 2 4 2 4 Functional Theory of Operation 2 4 2 4 1 Filtering Architecture 2 5 2 5 Security Architecture Authentication and Authorization 2 5 2 5 1 Encryption 2 6 2 6 Detectio...

Страница 8: ... System Cable Connections 4 3 4 4 Connection Summary 4 3 4 5 Mandatory Product Labels 4 4 4 6 Post Installation Checklist 4 5 4 6 1 Applying Power 4 5 4 6 2 Verifying Proper Operation 4 5 5 TROUBLESHOOTING 5 1 6 CONFIGURATION 6 1 6 1 Description 6 1 6 2 Remote Access 6 2 6 2 1 Radio Console Access 6 2 6 3 Passwords 6 3 6 3 1 Default Passwords 6 3 6 3 2 Changing Passwords 6 3 6 4 Remote Station Dis...

Страница 9: ... A 7 OPERATION 7 1 7 1 Description 7 1 7 2 Remote Station Airlink Mercury CLI Operation 7 1 7 2 1 Remote Station CLI 7 1 7 2 2 Basic CLI Use 7 1 7 2 3 Temporary Operational Non Permanent Changes No Reboot Required 7 4 8 SOFTWARE UPDATES 8 1 ...

Страница 10: ...igure 3 8 Antenna Connections 3 7 Figure 4 1 GPS Antenna Connection 4 1 Figure 4 2 Trimble Bullet III GPS Antenna 4 2 Figure 4 3 Airlink Mercury Connections 4 3 Figure 4 4 Mandatory Product Labels 4 4 Figure 4 5 Reference LEDs 4 5 Figure 6 1 Console Port Cable USB to RJ 45 6 2 Figure 6 2 Startup Dialog User Name and Password 6 5 Figure 6 3 Mercury File Structure 6 6 Figure 6 4 Mercury Configuratio...

Страница 11: ...IST OF TABLES Section Title Page Table 4 1 Connection Summary 4 4 Table 5 1 Troubleshooting Matrix 5 1 Table 6 1 Mercury Serial Cable Pin out 6 2 Table 6 2 Console Configuration 6 3 Table 6 3 Remote Station Configuration Files and Functions 6 7 ...

Страница 12: ...SULT IN DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY WARNINGS ALWAYS TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER NOTES CAUTIONS AND ALL OTHER INFORMATION CAUTION REFERS TO PROPER PROCEDURES OR PRACTICES WHICH IF NOT STRICTLY OBSERVED COULD RESULT IN A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION AND OR POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT CAUTIONS TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER NOTES AND ALL OTHER INFORMATION EXCEPT WARNINGS NOTE Generally used to highlight certain infor...

Страница 13: ...ge of the circuit board but avoid touching circuit traces or components Handle circuit boards by the edges only Never physically touch circuit board or connector contact fingers or allow these fingers to come in contact with an insulator e g plastic rubber etc When not in use place circuit boards in approved static shielding bags contact fingers first Remove circuit boards from static shielding ba...

Страница 14: ...ub Frame ERP Effective Radiated Power The product of the antenna power transmitter power less transmission line loss times either the antenna power gain or the antenna field gain squared ESD Electro Static Discharge FCC Federal Communications Commission FDD Frequency Division Duplexing FEC Forward Error Correction FFR Fractional Frequency Reuse FM Frequency Modulation FSK Frequency Shift Keying A ...

Страница 15: ... Power Amplifier PROM Programmable Read Only Memory PSU Power Supply Unit PtMP Point to MultiPoint QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QoS Quality of Service QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying A method of modulating a carrier signal in such a way that each cycle carries four bits of information RF Radio Frequency RFM Radio Frequency Module RS Remote Station RS232 EIA interface standard between DTE...

Страница 16: ... SAW Surface Acoustic Wave SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SDR Software Defined Radio SMA Sub Miniature version A SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SSH Secure Shell SW Software TDD Time Division Duplexing TX Transmit ULSF Up Link Sub Frame ...

Страница 17: ...tions The Airlink Mercury Radio enables the deployment of low data rate multi protocol intelligent devices including support for SCADA RTUs IEDs Fault Circuit Indicators Capacitor Bank controls and backhaul of low range sensor networks based on Wi Fi BLE LoRa Sigfox etc Airlink Mercury Radios can be deployed on a massive scale in an Airlink network with hundreds of radios operating on a single Bas...

Страница 18: ...QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM FEC Convolutional Coding CC with rates 1 2 2 3 3 4 Convolutional Turbo Coding CTC with rates 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 Duplex Method TDD or Half Duplex FDD Topology Point to MultiPoint Air Interface Protocol Band AMC 1x6 as per IEEE 802 16 2017 for channel bandwidth 12 5 kHz Modulation Coding Scheme Selection Dynamically Adjusted QOS Best Effort Real time polling service CONNECTORS INTERF...

Страница 19: ...Optional IP65 Enclosure Operating Temperature 40ºC to 70ºC SECURITY FEATURES AES 128 AES 256 Traffic Encryption Three way Handshake Over the Air Re keying OTAR EAP TLS Based Authentication with X 509 Certificate and RSA 4096 Public Key Encryption Hardware Based Secure Boot at the Root of the Chain of Trust NIST Certified Hardware Random Number Generator Memory Protection and Access Rights Limitati...

Страница 20: ...87 00 XX 11 Fixed 160 MHZ FCC Certification Pending 12 Fixed 217 218 MHZ FCC Certification Pending 13 Fixed 450 MHZ FCC Certification Pending 14 Fixed 757 787 MHZ FCC Certification Pending 15 Fixed 896 935 MHZ FCC Certification Pending NOTE FCC certification of the radios in these bands is pending Customers must have an FCC Special Temporary Authority STA license for the frequency band to deploy t...

Страница 21: ...l point to multipoint PtMP networks using IEEE 802 16 20171 narrowband technology Due to its design the radio can be used through a wide range of frequencies 100 MHz to 1 GHz using channel sizes up to 50 kHz The radio can be configured locally or remotely using Airlink Graphical User Interface GUI Apollo or using SSH or WinSCP It is recommended for most customers to use Apollo Figure 2 1 A53687 Ai...

Страница 22: ...less design for rugged environments Software Defined Radio SDR platform for future flexibility and new radio requirements Easily programmed or configured locally or remotely GPS connectivity for location and synchronization Frequency ranges from 100 MHz to 1 GHz Channel sizes up to 50 kHz Time Division Duplexing TDD or Half Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing HD FDD operation IEEE 802 16 2017 narr...

Страница 23: ...screws The enclosure is designed for rugged environments such as electrical substation control houses or switch cabinets rail bungalows trains pump off controller enclosures or other SCADA or industrial enclosures It is a fan less design with heat sinks to dissipate heat In standard form the Airlink Mercury enclosure is not suitable for outdoor applications If an outdoor installation is required i...

Страница 24: ...SF and receives during the uplink subframe ULSF while the remote station transmits during the ULSF and receives during the DLSF The Airlink TDD radio uses a fast switching power amplifier PA and transmit receive TX RX switch The PA gate voltage is used to switch the PA in less than 2 µs between transmit and receive states The TX RX switch switches the antenna to the PA during the transmit phase an...

Страница 25: ...ront end chip Base band Analog Filter which is embedded in the CMX 994 front end chip The configurable digital filters are software configurable filters embedded on the Airlink Mercury These filters are very specific narrow filters When the adjacent channel interferer s power is greater than the Airlink signal the gain in the receive chain needs to be reduced to avoid saturation The stronger the i...

Страница 26: ...ally configured with a default administrator user and password Upon initial detection of the administrator a new password is enforced No action is available until the password has been changed A strong password is enforced meaning the password is a minimum of eight characters and has one or more of the following types Lower case alphabetic Upper case alphabetic Numeric Special characters e g The A...

Страница 27: ...and AES 256 CCM Passwords are encrypted with the device public key Private key is stored in secured storage provided by the chip All keys in the system except the private public keys are randomly generated and with a configurable lifecycle Hardware generated random number generator is used by all cryptographic algorithms and hashing functions 2 6 Detection and Monitoring Airlink devices include se...

Страница 28: ...INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 8 COM 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A This Page Intentionally Left Blank ...

Страница 29: ...stallation section before beginning the actual installation NOTE For first time installers it is recommended to set up a base station and remote station in a lab environment connected to dummy loads to understand setup and configuration prior to installing radios in a remote environment This information is intended to serve as an overview for installing the Airlink Mercury radio and its associated...

Страница 30: ... consulted before equipment installation It should be referred to for grounding and lightning mitigation during this installation Grounding and lightning protection are important during equipment installation as grounding issues and damage to equipment from lightning can cause significant issues if not doneproperly Grounding and lightning protection can be divided into the following categories Ele...

Страница 31: ... extent of the damage to Siemens Customer Service 3 2 2 Equipment Mounting Slots are incorporated into the Mercury enclosure to facilitate mounting the unit to a flat surface Figure 3 1 Mounting Dimensions 3 2 3 Radio Grounding Guidelines The Airlink Mercury Radio is equipped with a single grounding point on the rear of the radio The ground point must be connected using a 10 32 electrical groundin...

Страница 32: ... 2 4 1 Mounting Procedure Slots are incorporated into the Mercury enclosure to facilitate mounting the unit to a flat surface Note that the Mercury has a passive cooling system and as such the external cooling fins should not be blocked Provide adequate airflow around the radio enclosure maintaining a minimum 2 clearance from the front sides top and rear surfaces Figure 3 3 Airflow Clearance ...

Страница 33: ...o A The Mercury radio can be mounted with either the connectors facing right left or down Up is possible but not recommended to avoid ingress of dust and other foreign matter Figure 3 4 Mounting Options Fasten the radio using four 8 M4 screws with washer and lock washer to a flat and level surface using the mounting brackets provided Figure 3 5 Mounting Tabs ...

Страница 34: ... There is no DC power cable supplied with the Airlink Mercury radio Figure 3 6 Power Input The radio should be connected to a 12 to 24 VDC 12 to 13 3 VDC nominal power supply The DC source must be capable of supplying 2 amps and is recommended to be on a dedicated circuit that is protected by a fuse or circuit breaker capable of 5 amps Ensure wire of appropriate size is used Tighten screw terminal...

Страница 35: ...D PERSONNEL ONLY For PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT a readily accessible power disconnect device should be incorporated external to the equipment For PLUGGABLE EQUIPMENT the power socket outlet should be installed near the equipment and should be easily accessible 3 3 2 Antenna System Connections Two female SMA connectors are provided for the RF and GPS antenna connections Figure 3 8 Antenna Conn...

Страница 36: ...INSTALLATION _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 8 COM 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A This Page Intentionally Left Blank ...

Страница 37: ... noted in the following section can be ordered When used GPS information can be retrieved by the Command Line Interface CLI or SNMP interface 4 2 GPS System The GPS system consists of a Mercury internal GPS module connected to an external active GPS antenna connected to the female GPS antenna port Figure 4 1 GPS Antenna Connection 4 2 1 Internal GPS Module The internal GPS module includes an oscil...

Страница 38: ... cable such as RG 8 can be used for extended length if needed The antenna should be installed with a clear view of the sky The base of the unit is threaded to allow it to be mounted on a hollow conduit Feature 3 3V 5 0V Prime Power 3 3V DV 10 5 0V DV 10 Power Consumption 20mA 30mA Gain 28dB 3dB 30dB 3dB Output Impedance 50Ω Frequency GPS L1 1575 42 1 023MHz VSWR 2 0 maximum Axial ratio 90 4dB maxi...

Страница 39: ... the radio is connected to various connections will be needed The connections are shown in Figure 4 3 Serial RJ45 8 pin socket wired using the Cisco interface specification for RS232 serial data and incorporating embedded Console interface as described in the Remote Access section of this manual Eth RJ45 8 pin socket for CAT5 6e Ethernet 10 100 Base T cable interface 4 4 Connection Summary Figure ...

Страница 40: ...lectrical requirements and State and local code requirements for use application Installation by qualified personnel only LED Power Indicator LED power indicator indicates the power and the connection status GPS SMA female connector torqued down to 5 inch pounds with 5 16 open end wrench for an optional GPS antenna RF SMA female connector for RF input output from the antenna Torque hex connector t...

Страница 41: ...ing This section applies to powering the radios on with proper configuration files If changes need to be made to radio configurations refer to Section 6 for configuration information 4 6 1 Applying Power Before applying power to the station make sure all cables are securely connected Turn on the DC circuit breaker or fuse that is supplying power to the radio 4 6 2 Verifying Proper Operation The Me...

Страница 42: ...PS SYNCHRONIZATION _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 6 COM 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A This Page Intentionally Left Blank ...

Страница 43: ...note that the system relies on symbolic links to the desired configuration file Multiple configurations can be stored on each radio but only the one linked is active If the symbolic link is to the wrong configuration file then the unit will not connect Excessive Pathloss In a lab setup verify that the attenuation between the BS and the RS is set properly and does not exceed 90 dB Do not power on t...

Страница 44: ...zontal and vertical of the antennas Check the TX power of each unit If both units are transmitting at maximum power then there is most likely an issue with the RF path Note that the BS actively controls the TX power of the RS so if the RS is transmitting at maximum power it is an indication that the signal level is too low at the BS In this case interference may be obscuring the signal the antenna...

Страница 45: ...mote radio during network entry and regular operation e g provisioning and Quality of Service certain elements are preconfigured in the remote radio There are two recommended methods of changing the configuration of the Airlink Mercury radios Apollo preferred Siemens Graphic User Interface GUI Information on this is provided in aseparate manual WinSCP Manually uploading or editing configuration fi...

Страница 46: ...n Ethernet connection as described in the following sections 6 2 1 Radio Console Access The Mercury Serial connector includes an embedded Console interface The Console is accessible using a Console Adapter cable as shown in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 Console Port Cable USB to RJ 45 The pin out of the Mercury Serial connector is described in Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Mercury Serial Cable Pin out PIN Function ...

Страница 47: ... The console interface is also used for status reporting which can make CLI use a challenge Wherever possible it is recommended that Ethernet access described later is used 6 3 Passwords 6 3 1 Default Passwords The default passwords are as follows user password operator operator100 user password admin admin100 user password root root100 6 3 2 Changing Passwords Default passwords are changed using ...

Страница 48: ...is reason local console access can often appear cluttered and confusing Wherever possible it is recommended that Ethernet access either remotely or locally via the Ethernet port is used 6 5 Radio Ethernet Access Remote radios support SSH for Ethernet access which is password protected The user operator is limited to status commands without access to configuration commands admin provides access to ...

Страница 49: ...le management tools from a Windows environment 6 6 1 WinSCP Startup Dialog Figure 6 2 Startup Dialog User Name and Password 6 6 2 WinSCP Configuration of Mercury There are three methods used to change the configuration using WinSCP 1 Upload and relink Upload a new configuration file and relink the file preferred 2 Carefully edit another preexisting configuration file and relink the file 3 Edit the...

Страница 50: ...ry files Within the root directory the following subdirectories are shown in Figure 6 3 Figure 6 3 Mercury File Structure Because this is a windows environment double clicking on the directory you want to move to will bring you to the subdirectory The mercury config files can be found in the mercury subdirectory Double clicking on the icon will bring up a higher directory The mercury configuration...

Страница 51: ...is determined by a set of configuration parameters organized into a series of files in the application partition The radio will ship from the factory with preset configuration files The operation of a remote station is determined by a set of configuration parameters organized into the following files in the application partition Table 6 3 Remote Station Configuration Files and Functions Filename F...

Страница 52: ...sed on each customer s requirements Changes should be coordinated with Siemens ms_config xml This is the configuration file for the RS This can be a single file or a symbolic link file pointer file that points to the file that contains the configuration information for the remote station It contains the IP configuration system information which includes the channel bandwidth the RF information whi...

Страница 53: ... linked file by default This method edits the symbolic link file ms_config xml which edits the linked file therefore a new symbolic linkdoes not need to be created The recommended process for managing configuration file changes is to create multiple copies of the appropriate configuration file giving each version a meaningful filename A symbolic link is then used to make the association with the s...

Страница 54: ... root root 19 Jan 6 00 28 ms_config xml ms_config xml_25k_asym 6 9 Coordinated Configuration File Changes The configuration file is only read at boot time so any changes will not take effect until the radio reboots However be aware that a disconnected remote radio will go through a sanity reboot if it fails to connect to a Base Station within a defined time typically configured as 300 seconds Once...

Страница 55: ...the Airlink Mercury software operating on a remote radio can be determined from the LEDs Further operational information can be obtained via the CLI as described in this section 7 2 1 Remote Station CLI The remote station CLI includes many features for manipulating key configuration parameters however it is recommended that it be used primarily for obtaining measurement and status information desc...

Страница 56: ...M 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A This is the admin CLI All commands are nested and can be listed by typing a tab The first level is shown in Figure 7 2 Figure 7 2 First Level Commands As an example to see a connected measurement report for the ms type show and tab Figure 7 3 View a Connected Measurement Report Example ...

Страница 57: ...DL CINR Max 34 dB Maximum CINR Rx Gain 10 dB RX Gain configured DL FreqErr 135 Hz Down link frequency error UL FreqErr 0 dB Up link frequency error DL Preamble RSSI 73 dBm Down link preamble RSSI of current frame Mean DL RSSI 73 dBm Average preamble RSSI DL RPD 63 dBm Down link Receive Power Density DL Path loss 109 dB Down link path loss MS Tx Power 21 dBm Up link power configured DC Offset Real ...

Страница 58: ...ction describes the recommended techniques for managing temporary non permanent configuration changes in an experimental test environment CLI commands can be used to change certain parameters for test purposes These changes are not permanent and are undone whenever the system is rebooted Any changes to the configuration files that are intended to be permanent need to be made by editing the configu...

Страница 59: ...______________________________________________________ 7 5 COM 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A Figure 7 6 Maximum Transmit Power 2 Change the MS RX gain for Mercury as shown in Figure 7 7 The range for Receive Gain is 0 to 62 dB Figure 7 7 Adjust Receive Gain ...

Страница 60: ...OPERATION _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 6 COM 00 21 03 OCTOBER 2021 Version No A This Page Intentionally Left Blank ...

Страница 61: ...artition use the following procedure Before flashing the image check for the active partition using activepart command activepart The active file system is in mtdblock6 The offline file system is in mtdblock5 Copy the new flash image file e g Mercury_Release_1 0 0c ubi to the tmp directory in the radio using WinSCP or scp NOTE The tmp directory is erased on a reboot Erase the inactive partition in...

Страница 62: ... are as follows flash_eraseall dev mtd6 ubiformat dev mtd6 f Mercury_Release_1 0 0c ubi s 512 O 512 boot2 reboot Radio will reboot and switch the active partition to mtdblock6 newboot r New configuration files This is a change to configuration files and can be done locally or remotely as described in this document using Apollo or WinSCP Specific details of software upgrades will be provided in the...

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